Abstract: A molecular system is provided for nanometer-scale reversible electronic and optical switches, specifically, electric field-activated molecular switches that have an electric field induced band gap change that occurs via a molecular conformation change or a tautomerization. Changing of extended conjugation via chemical bonding change to change the band gap is accomplished by providing the molecular system with one rotating portion (rotor) and two or more stationary portions (stators), between which the rotor is attached. The molecular system of the present invention has three branches (first, second, and third branches) with one end of each branch connected to a junction unit to form a “Y” configuration. The first and second branches are on one side of the junction unit and the third branch is on the opposite side of the junction unit.

Abstract: Bistable molecules are provided with at least one photosensitive functional group. As thus constituted, the bistable molecules are photopatternable, thereby allowing fabrication of micrometer-scale and nanometer-scale circuits in discrete areas without relying on a top conductor as a mask. The bistable molecules may comprise molecules that undergo redox reactions, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, or may comprise molecules that undergo an electric-field-induced band gap change that causes the molecules, or a portion thereof, to rotate, bend, twist, or otherwise change from a substantially fully conjugated state to a less conjugated state. The change in states in the latter case results in a change in electrical conductivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to subtype-selective NMDA receptor ligands and the use thereof for treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing the adverse consequences of the overstimulation of the excitatory amino acids, treating anxiety, psychosis, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headache, chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, urinary incontinence, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, and inducing anesthesia, as well as for enhancing cognition.

Abstract: Novel 4-substituted piperidine analogs, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and the method of using 4-substituted piperidine analogs as selectively active antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtypes for treating conditions such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, central nervous system trauma, hypoglycemia, anxiety, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headaches, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, chronic pain, opioid tolerance or withdrawals, or neurodegenerative disorders, such as lathyrism, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinsonism and Huntington's Disease are described. Also described are novel methods for preparing 4-substituted piperidine analogs and novel intermediates of the 4-substituted piperidine analogs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rewritable optical information recording medium essentially comprising a substrate and a recording layer formed on said substrate, wherein the recording layer has the following composition:

Abstract: The invention relates to subtype-selective NMDA receptor ligands and the use thereof for treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing the adverse consequences of the overstimulation of the excitatory amino acids, treating anxiety, psychosis, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headache, chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, urinary incontinence, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, and inducing anesthesia, as well as for enhancing cognition.

Abstract: Novel 4-substituted piperidine analogs, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and the method of using the 4-substituted piperidine analogs as selectively active antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtypes for treating conditions such as cerebral ischemia, central nervous system trauma, hypoglycemia, neurodegenerative disorders, anxiety, migraine headaches, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, chronic pain, psychosis, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, urinary incontinence and neurodegenerative disorders such as lathyrism, Alzheimers' Disease, Parkinsonism, and Huntington's Disease are described. Also described are novel methods for preparing 4-substituted piperidine analogs and novel intermediates of the 4-substituted piperidine analogs.

Abstract: A molecular system is provided for nanometer-scale reversible electronic and optical switches, specifically, electric field-activated molecular switches that have an electric field induced band gap change that occurs via a molecular conformation change or a tautomerization. Changing of extended conjugation via chemical bonding change to change the band gap is accomplished by providing the molecular system with one rotating portion (rotor) and two or more stationary portions (stators), between which the rotor is attached. The molecular system of the present invention has three branches (first, second, and third branches) with one end of each branch connected to a junction unit to form a “Y” configuration. The first and second branches are on one side of the junction unit and the third branch is on the opposite side of the junction unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to subtype-selective NMDA receptor ligands and the use thereof for treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing the adverse consequences of the overstimulation of the excitatory amino acids, treating anxiety, psychosis, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headache, chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, urinary incontinence, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, and inducing anesthesia, as well as for enhancing cognition.

Abstract: The invention relates to subtype-selective NMDA receptor ligands and the use thereof for treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating neuro-degenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing the adverse consequences of the overstimulation of the excitatory amino acids, treating anxiety, psychosis, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headache, chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, urinary incontinence, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, and inducing anesthesia, as well as for enhancing cognition.

Abstract: Novel 4-substituted piperidine analogs, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and the method of using 4-substituted piperidine analogs as selectively active antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtypes for treating conditions such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, central nervous system trauma, hypoglycemia, anxiety, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headaches, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, chronic pain, opioid tolerance or withdrawals, or neurodegenerative disorders, such as lathyrism, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinsonism and Huntington's Disease are described. Also described are novel methods for preparing 4-substituted piperidine analogs and novel intermediates of the 4-substituted piperidine analogs.

Abstract: Novel 4-substituted piperidine analogs, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and the method of using 4-substituted piperidine analogs are selective active antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtypes for treating conditions such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, central nervous system trauma, hypoglycemia, psychosis, anxiety, migraine headaches, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, convulsions, chronic pain, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, urinary incontinence or neurodegenerative disorders, such as lathyrism, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinsonism and Huntington's Disease are described.

Abstract: Methods of treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing adverse consequences of the hyperactivity of the excitatory amino acids, as well as treating anxiety, chronic pain, convulsions, inducing anesthesia, and treating or preventing opiate tolerance are disclosed by administering to an animal in need of such treatment or prevention a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine and pyridine (N-oxide) analogs of 4-hydroxydihydroquinolones, tetrahydroquinoline-trione-oximes and quinoxalones, tautomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have high binding to the glycine receptor.