Abstract: A recycling optical cavity is defined at least by first and second optical films and is configured to receive a test material therein. The test material is configured to emit at least a second light having a second wavelength when irradiated with a first light having a first wavelength. For at least one of s- and p-polarized incident lights incident in an incident plane, and at the first and second wavelengths: at a first incident angle, the first optical film has respective optical transmittances T11(?1) and T12(?1), and the second optical film has respective optical transmittances T21(?1) and T22(?1), wherein T11(?1)>T12(?1), T21(?1), T22(?1); and at a second incident angle, the first optical film has respective optical transmittances T11(?2) and T12(?2), and the second optical film has respective optical transmittances T21(?2) and T22(?2), wherein T21(?2)>T11(?2), T12(?2), T22(?2).

Abstract: An optical film includes a plurality of first layers disposed on a plurality of second layers. For each angle of incidence in an incident angle range of 0-50 degrees, an optical transmittance of each of the optical film and the plurality of second layers versus wavelength includes a band edge disposed in a transition wavelength range separating a visible wavelength range where the optical film and the plurality of second layers have respective average optical transmittances Tv and Tv2 from an infrared wavelength range where the optical film and the plurality of second layers have respective average optical transmittances Ti and Ti2. Each of Tv and Tv2 is greater than about 30%. An average value of Tv2 is greater than an average value of Tv by at least 5%. An average value of Ti is less than an average value of Ti2 by at least 20%.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a method for forecasting runoff under influence of an upstream reservoir group by utilizing forecasting errors. The method comprises: collecting data; establishing a regulation and storage influence quantity estimation model by utilizing a known hydrological model and a KNN model according to the collected data; driving the hydrological model by combining the collected data to predict a future runoff volume; obtaining a forecast error in a previous time period; obtaining a future regulation and storage influence quantity estimated value according to the forecast error in the previous time period in combination with the regulation and storage influence quantity estimation model; and superposing the future runoff volume and the future regulation and storage influence quantity estimated value to obtain a runoff forecast value in a future time period.

Abstract: A real-time abnormity-diagnosing and interpolation method for water regime-monitoring data relates to the technical field of monitoring water regime. This method includes the following steps: acquiring water regime-monitoring data, drawing a box plot, recognizing and diagnosing abnormal data in real time based on the box plot, performing grey correlation analysis on other variables related to a predictor variable, building a BP neural network model and making training, applying the BP neural network model to predict water regime-monitoring data in real time, and performing abnormity diagnosis and data interpolation. Adopting this method, we can effectively enhance predicting and monitoring the water regime-monitoring data in real time, and diagnose abnormal data and make interpolations in time, thereby improving the reliability of data, objectively reflecting water regime changes, and effectively guiding engineering scheduling.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for converting a passive cooling system into an active hydronic ground cooling system. In an aspect, an existing passive cooling device can be first discharged of working fluid. An existing pipe of the passive cooling system can then be cut to a predetermined height. A top portion of the existing pipe can be threaded and fitted with a cap base. Tubing can then be installed within the existing pipe. A cap can be attached to the cap base. The tubing can be attached to a chiller system and filled with coolant. Similar procedure can be applied to convert a thermopile or traditional pipe pile to into an active cooling system.

Abstract: Multilayer optical film reflective polarizers previously considered to have excessive off-axis color can provide adequate performance in an LC display in an “on-glass” configuration, laminated to a back absorbing polarizer of the display, without any light diffusing layer or air gap in such laminate. The reflective polarizer is a tentered-one-packet (TOP) multilayer film, having only one packet of microlayers, and oriented using a standard tenter such that birefringent microlayers in the film are biaxially birefringent. The thickness profile of optical repeat units (ORUs) in the microlayer packet is tailored to avoid excessive perceived color at normal and oblique angles. Color at high oblique angles in the white state of the display is reduced by positioning thicker ORUs closer to the absorbing polarizer, and by ensuring that, with regard to a boxcar average of the ORU thickness profile, the average slope from an ORU(600) to an ORU(645) does not exceed 1.

Abstract: An optical system includes a lens layer including a plurality of microlenses arranged along orthogonal first and second directions, and at least one optically opaque mask layer spaced apart from the lens layer and defining a plurality of through openings therein arranged along the first and second directions. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the microlenses and the openings, such that for each microlens, the microlens and corresponding openings are substantially centered on a straight line making a same oblique angle with the lens layer. An optical layer can include the lens layer and the optically opaque mask layer embedded in the optical layer.

Abstract: An optical filter has an average optical transmission of greater than about 50% in a visible wavelength range (e.g., wavelengths from about 420 nm to about 550 nm) and an optical density greater than about 1.5 in an infrared wavelength range (e.g., wavelengths from about 650 nm to about 800 nm). The optical filter can have a sharp band edge between the visible and infrared ranges. For example, a change in percent transmission of at least about 30% can occur over a wavelength range not greater than about 10 nm wide and/or the slope of the band edge can be greater than about 5%/nm. An optical system includes the optical filter disposed between an emissive display and an optical sensor.

Abstract: Polymeric films, which may be adhesive films, and display devices including such polymeric films, wherein a polymeric film includes: a first polymeric layer having two major surfaces, wherein the first polymeric layer includes a first polymeric matrix and particles. The first polymeric layer includes: a first a polyolefin-based low WVTR adhesive polymeric matrix having a refractive index n1; and particles having a refractive index n2 uniformly dispersed within the first polymeric matrix; wherein the particles are present in an amount of less than 30 vol-%, based on the volume of the first polymeric layer, and have a particle size range of 400 nanometers (nm) to 3000 nm; and wherein n1 is different than n2.

Abstract: Optical films are disclosed that include a plurality of interference layers. Each interference layer reflects or transmits light primarily by optical interference. The total number of the interference layers is less than about 1000. For a substantially normally incident light in a predetermined wavelength range, the plurality of interference layers has an average optical transmittance greater than about 85% for a first polarization state, an average optical reflectance greater than about 80% for an orthogonal second polarization state, and an average optical transmittance less than about 0.2% for the second polarization state.

Abstract: Polymeric films, which may be adhesive films, and display devices including such polymeric films, wherein a polymeric film includes: a first polymeric layer having two major surfaces, wherein the first polymeric layer includes a first polymeric matrix and particles. The first polymeric layer includes: a first polymeric matrix having a refractive index n1; and particles having a refractive index n2 uniformly dispersed within the first polymeric matrix; wherein the particles are present in an amount of less than 30 vol-%, based on the volume of the first polymeric layer, and have a particle size range of 400 nanometers (nm) to 3000 nm; and wherein n1 is different than n2.

Abstract: An optical system is disclosed and includes an image sensor (112), a plurality of microlenses (142), at least one microlens of the plurality of microlenses defining a microlens height and a microlens diameter. The optical system also includes a plurality of light-blocking structures (146), at least one light-blocking structure of the plurality of light-blocking structures defining a light-blocking structure height and a light-blocking structure width. An aperture array (134) includes a plurality of apertures (138), each aperture being aligned with a microlens of the plurality of microlenses, and the microlenses and the light-blocking structures extend from the aperture array toward the image sensor. The systems, structures and features disclosed herein can improve a signal-to-noise ratio when detecting images, via the optical sensor, from behind a display.

Abstract: Headsets and head-mounted displays including first and second diffractive elements are described. In some cases, the first and second diffractive elements include first and second grating surfaces, and for at least one wavelength, the first and second grating surfaces have at least one different corresponding diffractive property. The head-mounted display may include two-dimensionally pixelated adjacent first and second display surfaces for displaying images, and first and second diffractive elements disposed adjacent the respective first and second display surfaces. In some cases, the first diffractive element is configured to diffract a first wavelength ?1, but not a different second wavelength ?2, into zero and first diffraction orders having intensities within 5% of each other, and the second diffractive element is configured to diffract the second wavelength ?2, but not the first wavelength ?1, into zero and first diffraction orders having intensities within 5% of each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for a route navigation, which relate to the technical fields of computer vision, image processing, augmented reality and the like. An implementation solution is: performing an augmented reality navigation on a current route based on real-time acquired GPS information of a terminal; acquiring SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) coordinates of the terminal; converting, in response to determining that the GPS information meets a preset positioning difference condition, the SLAM coordinates into calculated geographic coordinates; and performing an augmented reality navigation on the current route based on the calculated geographic coordinates.

Abstract: A multilayer optical film including a first layer having an index of refraction n1 at a wavelength ? in a range from about 580 nm to about 650 nm, and a second layer having an index of refraction n2 at ? is described. The first and second layers define an interface therebetween comprising a two-dimensional grating. The grating may have an average height H such that |n1?n2|*H is in a range from 0.24 micrometers to 0.3 micrometers. Optical systems including the multilayer optical film are described. A subpixel in a display surface of the optical system may be diffracted into a zero diffraction order and a plurality of first diffraction orders where the intensities of the zero and first diffraction orders are with 10% of each other at ?. The optical system may have a modulation transfer function greater than 0.4 at 10 line pairs per millimeter.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed and includes an optical sensor, a plurality of photosensitive pixels disposed on the optical sensor, a wavelength-selective optical filter in optical communication with the photosensitive pixels, and a plurality of spatially-variant written regions disposed in the optical filter, the written regions having a transmission spectrum and each of the written regions being larger than each of the pixels.

Abstract: Optical films are disclosed that include a plurality of interference layers. Each interference layer reflects or transmits light primarily by optical interference. The total number of the interference layers is less than about 1000. For a substantially normally incident light in a predetermined wavelength range, the plurality of interference layers has an average optical transmittance greater than about 85% for a first polarization state, an average optical reflectance greater than about 80% for an orthogonal second polarization state, and an average optical transmittance less than about 0.2% for the second polarization state.

Abstract: A method for forecasting an agricultural irrigation water requirement includes: selecting a baseline period and crops each with a sown area larger than a set proportion as typical crops; calculating an irrigation water quota of the typical crop during a growth stage according to meteorological information; obtaining ten-day rainfall in a water-saving area from weather stations; and calculating effective rainfall in a sown region of the typical crop based on the ten-day rainfall; calculating an irrigation water requirement per unit area of the typical crop; and determining whether the irrigation water requirement per unit area of at least one typical crop is greater than an average of actual irrigation water usage per unit area measured in consecutive years, if yes, correcting the irrigation water requirement per unit area of all typical crops according to actual irrigation water usage; otherwise calculating a total water requirement for a next year.

Abstract: Multilayer optical film reflective polarizers previously considered to have excessive off-axis color can provide adequate performance in an LC display in an “on-glass” configuration, laminated to a back absorbing polarizer of the display, without any light diffusing layer or air gap in such laminate. The reflective polarizer is a tentered-one-packet (TOP) multilayer film, having only one packet of microlayers, and oriented using a standard tenter such that birefringent microlayers in the film are biaxially birefringent. The thickness profile of optical repeat units (ORUs) in the microlayer packet is tailored to avoid excessive perceived color at normal and oblique angles. Color at high oblique angles in the white state of the display is reduced by positioning thicker ORUs closer to the absorbing polarizer, and by ensuring that, with regard to a boxcar average of the ORU thickness profile, the average slope from an ORU(600) to an ORU(645) does not exceed 1.

Abstract: Optical films are disclosed that include a plurality of interference layers. Each interference layer reflects or transmits light primarily by optical interference. The total number of the interference layers is less than about 1000. For a substantially normally incident light in a predetermined wavelength range, the plurality of interference layers has an average optical transmittance greater than about 85% for a first polarization state, an average optical reflectance greater than about 80% for an orthogonal second polarization state, and an average optical transmittance less than about 0.2% for the second polarization state.