Abstract: A segment routing device receives a first packet from a first network. A first packet header of the first packet includes a segment list. The segment list includes a plurality of sequentially arranged identifiers. The identifiers include a first-type identifier and a plurality of second-type identifiers. Network devices or links identified by the first-type identifier and the second-type identifier are respectively on the first network and a second network. A type of the first network is different from a type of the second network. The segment routing device encapsulates a second packet header for the first packet to form a second packet. The second packet header includes the plurality of second-type identifiers. The segment routing device sends the second packet to the second network.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose an information reporting method, an information processing method, and a device. According to the information reporting method, a network device obtains Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) information of a network device. The network device sends a BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) notification message to a first device, where the BMP notification message carries the BGP information of the network device.

Abstract: This application discloses a method that includes obtaining by a network device an original segment list corresponding to a packet forwarding path, where the original segment list includes original segment identifiers that are sequentially arranged, and each of the original segment identifiers that are sequentially arranged corresponds to one node or link on the packet forwarding path. The method further includes comparing by the network device a plurality of successively adjacent original segment identifiers in the original segment list, to generate a plurality of successively adjacent compressed segment identifiers, where a length of each compressed segment identifier is less than a length of a corresponding original segment identifier, and generating by the network device a compressed segment list, where the compressed segment list includes a plurality of compressed segment identifiers, and the compressed segment list is used to forward a packet along the packet forwarding path.

Abstract: A BGP route identification method and apparatus are provided. A network device obtains a BGP route. The BGP route includes an autonomous system path attribute AS_PATH attribute, the AS_PATH attribute includes a first autonomous system number AS number, an AS number corresponding to an autonomous system that the network device is located in or manages is a second AS number, and the first AS number is equal to the second AS number. The network device determines, based on the first AS number and the second AS number, whether the BGP route is abnormal.

Abstract: A method for updating route information includes a monitored network element establishes a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Monitoring Protocol (BMP) connection to a monitoring network element, and sends a first message to the monitoring network element when detecting a synchronization requirement of BGP route information, where the first message instructs the monitoring network element to update a BGP route information set, and the BGP route information set includes at least one piece of BGP route information. The first message indicates an update set, and the update set updates the BGP route information set.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for establishing a BGP peer, a device, and a system. A first network device sends a first packet to a second network device in a UDP manner, where the first packet is used to establish a BGP peer with the second network device; and if the first network device can receive a second packet sent by the second network device in the UDP manner, the first network device establishes a BGP peer relationship with the second network device in response to the received second packet.

Abstract: Provided are a pharmaceutical composition of a GLP-1 receptor and a GIP receptor dual agonist, and a use thereof. Specifically, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a GLP-1 analogue as shown in general formula (I), and a buffer such as a phosphate buffer; the composition may further comprise an osmoregulator such as propylene glycol, sodium chloride or mannitol. The pharmaceutical composition has good biological activity and stability. The general formula (I) is: R1-X1-X2-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-X10-Ser-X12-X13-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-Glu-Phe-X23-X24-Trp-Leu-X27-X28-X29-X30-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-R2.

Abstract: This application provides a packet receiving method, sending method, and forwarding method, an apparatus, and a system, and relates to the field of communication technologies. In solutions provided in this application, a destination address field of a packet received by a first node includes a segment identifier, and the first node can determine, from the destination address field, an arguments field corresponding to the segment identifier, and can execute a processing behavior indicated by the arguments field.

Abstract: This application discloses example route selection methods, network devices, and systems. One example method includes obtaining, by a first network device, a plurality of routes arriving at a same prefixOne or more routes for guiding packet forwarding are selected by the first network device based on trustworthiness of each route of the plurality of routes, where the trustworthiness of each route identifies a trustworthiness degree of the corresponding route.

Abstract: This application discloses a packet processing method including: receiving a first packet that includes a DA field and an SRH, where the DA field includes at least one C-SID that is sequentially arranged; determining, depending on whether another C-SID is further included after a first C-SID corresponding to the first node in the at least one C-SID, whether a first processing flavor corresponding to the first C-SID indicates a movement operation or a replacement operation; and if the first processing flavor indicates a movement operation, moving a target field that is after the first C-SID and that is in the DA field, to enable the target field to cover the first C-SID in the DA field; or if the first processing flavor indicates a replacement operation, replacing the first C-SID in the DA field with a second C-SID in the SRH.

Abstract: A method for processing a packet on an SR network is provided, including: receiving a packet, where a packet header of the packet includes a destination address field, a first pointer, a second pointer, and a list used to process the packet, the list includes a plurality of sequentially arranged identifiers, and a value of the first pointer and a value of the second pointer jointly indicate a location of a first identifier in the plurality of identifiers in the list; determining the first identifier based on the value of the first pointer and the value of the second pointer; and copying the first identifier to the destination address field. In this method, a CL pointer is set in the packet header to jointly form a two-dimensional pointer with an SL pointer, to indicate a location of a C-SID in a SID list.

Abstract: This disclosure provides examples of a packet processing method, apparatus, and system. An example method includes: a first network device receives a first packet, determines a second packet based on the first packet and a first segment identifier SID, and forwards the second packet based on a label forwarding path. The second packet is an IPv6 packet, and includes a data packet and the first SID. The first SID includes a first prefix and at least one MPLS label. The first prefix indicates that the first SID carries the at least one MPLS label, and the at least one MPLS label indicates to use a label forwarding path determined by using the at least one MPLS label to implement IPv6 forwarding. According to the technical solution provided in this application, MPLS forwarding can be implemented on an IPv6 path.

Abstract: The technology of this application relates to a packet transmission method and a communication apparatus. The method includes a validation device obtaining an address prefix from a sending device. The validation device sends a response packet to the sending device, where the response packet indicates usage status information of the address prefix at a receiving device. In this manner, the validation device may enable, by using the response packet, the sending device to learn of the usage status information of the address prefix at the receiving device, so that the sending device processes an exception of the address prefix, to help improve accuracy of source address validation, achieve a zero false positive, and minimize a false negative.

Abstract: An information reporting method includes after receiving a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) flow specification (FS) rule, a network node obtains a status of implementing the BGP FS rule on the network node, where the status indicates that either the BGP FS rule is implemented on the network node or the BGP FS rule is not implemented on the network node. Then the network node sends the status to a server.

Abstract: This application provides a packet sending method. The method includes: receiving, by a first network device, a data packet, and encapsulating the data packet to obtain a first packet, where the first packet includes an IPv6 header, a bit index explicit replication BIER header, and the data packet, and some bits of a source IPv6 address field in the IPv6 header include identification information of a first tenant; and sending, by the first network device, the first packet to a second network device, where the identification information of the first tenant is used by the second network device to determine to send the data packet to an interface, corresponding to the first tenant, of the second network device.

Abstract: A packet processing method includes determining, by a node in a first network, a transmission path for a packet, where the transmission path includes a path in the first network and a path traversing a second network; adding, by the node, path information to the packet based on the transmission path, where the path information includes traversal indication information, and the traversal indication information indicates an ingress node in the second network to encapsulate and transmit the packet based on an egress node that is specified in the traversal indication information and that is located in the second network; and sending, by the node to the ingress node in the second network through the first network, the packet to which the traversal indication information is added.

Abstract: This application provides a packet transmission method, apparatus, and device. For example, the method is performed by an ingress node. The ingress node obtains a second packet by using first node information carried in a first packet, where the first node information includes a first bit string indicating N next-hop devices of the ingress node and first reference information used for indexing second node information corresponding to a first intermediate node in the N next-hop devices, and the second packet includes a first identifier determined based on the first reference information. The ingress node sends the second packet to the first intermediate node. Because structures of the first bit string and the first reference information are used, a packet encoding manner is simple, so that packet transmission efficiency is improved.

Abstract: This application discloses a packet transmission method, a network device, and a system. After receiving a first packet, a first network device obtains a tunnel header corresponding to the first packet. The first network device encapsulates a tunnel header in an IPv6 header by encapsulating the IPv6 header in the first packet, to obtain a second packet. The first network device sends the second packet to a second network device, so that the second network device forwards the packet based on the tunnel header included in the IPv6 header. In this application, the IPv6 header is used to carry the tunnel header.

Abstract: This application discloses a VXLAN packet transmission method, a network device, and a system. After receiving a first packet, a first network device obtains a VNI corresponding to the first packet. The first network device encapsulates the VNI in an IPV6 header by encapsulating the IPV6 header in the first packet, to obtain a second packet. The first network device sends the second packet to a second network device, so that the second network device forwards the packet based on the VNI included in the IPV6 header. In this application, the IPV6 header is used to carry the VNI, and no additional UDP header needs to be encapsulated to carry the VNI.

Abstract: This application discloses a packet processing method and apparatus, and a computer storage medium, and belongs to the field of segment routing technologies. In the method, the network node receives a packet carrying an SRH, where the SRH includes one or more TLV fields and a TLV processing attribute, the TLV processing attribute indicates whether the network node needs to process the TLV fields included in the SRH, and the network node determines, based on the TLV processing attribute, processing of the TLV fields included in the SRH. In this way, any segment endpoint node on a segment routing network may determine the TLV processing attribute by using the SRH, so as to determine whether the TLV fields included in the SRH need to be processed.