Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery comprises a lithium salt and an additive in an organic solvent. The additive comprises a di-substituted malonate silyl ester compound, in which the hydrogens of the malonate methylene group are replaced by substituents R1 (e.g., alkyl) and X (e.g., halogen). Each of the carboxylic acid groups of the malonate are esterified by a monovalent silyl group such as —Si(R4)3; or the two carboxylic acid groups are esterified by a single divalent silylene group such as —Si(R5)2— to form a ring therewith. Each R4 and R5 independently is alkyl, phenyl, or alkoxy; and each substituted-alkyl comprises an alkyl moiety substituted with one or more group selected from alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester, carboxylic amide, phenyl, sulfonic acid, and phosphonic acid.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell includes a cathode including elemental sulfur; an anode including elemental lithium; and an electrolyte including a salt and a non-polar fluorinated ether solvent. Alternatively, a lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell may include an anode; an electrolyte; and a cathode including a polytetrafluoroethylene-coated carbon paper and sulfur.

Abstract: A non-aqueous redox flow battery includes a catholyte including a compound of formula (I) or a compound of formula (II): Where X1 is a moiety of formula I-A or I-B:

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous redox flow battery comprising a negative electrode immersed in an aqueous liquid negative electrolyte, a positive electrode immersed in an aqueous liquid positive electrolyte, and a cation-permeable separator (e.g., a porous membrane, film, sheet, or panel) between the negative electrolyte from the positive electrolyte. During charging and discharging, the electrolytes are circulated over their respective electrodes. The electrolytes each comprise an electrolyte salt (e.g., a lithium or sodium salt), a redox reactant.

Abstract: An ionic liquid that is a salt has a Formula: Such ionic liquids may be used in electrolytes and in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: Described herein are fluoro-substituted ethers of Formula (I): wherein R1 is a fluoro-substituted C2-C6 alkyl group; R2 is a C2-C6 alkyl group or a fluoro-substituted C2-C6 alkyl group; each R3 independently is H, F, methyl, or fluoro-substituted methyl; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. The fluoro-substituted ether compounds are useful as solvents for lithium containing electrolytes in lithium batteries, particularly lithium-sulfur batteries.

Abstract: The electrolyte includes one or more salts and a silane. The silane has a silicon linked to one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety. The silane can be linked to four of the first substituents. Alternately, the silane can be linked to the one or more first substituents and one or more second substituents that each exclude both a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and a cyclic carbonate moiety.

Abstract: An electrolyte includes compounds of formula M1Xn and M2Zm; and a solvent wherein M1 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; M2 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, Al, or Zn; X is a group forming a covalent bond with M1; Z is a halogen or pseudo-halogen; n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

Abstract: A process includes casting a solution including poly(phenylene oxide), inorganic nanoparticles, a solvent, and a non-solvent on a substrate; and removing the solvent to form a porous film; wherein: the porous film is configured for use as a porous separator for a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: An electro lye includes a compound of Formula I or IA: where each instance of R1 is independently H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloalkyl; each instance of R2 is independently H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloalkyl; each instance of R3 is independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl; each instance of R4 is independently H, halogen, CN, NO2, phosphate, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloalkyl; x is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; y is 1 or 2; and z is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Abstract: A non-aqueous redox flow battery includes a catholyte including a compound of formula (I) or a compound of formula (II): Where X1 is a moiety of formula I-A or I-B:

Abstract: A non-aqueous redox flow battery includes a catholyte including a compound of formula (I): wherein E1 and E2 are independently O, S, S?O, S(?O)2, Se, NR11, or PR11; The compounds of the present technology are capable of undergoing a reversible two-electron transfer process, thus leading to high efficiency of molecular design and an increase in the overall energy density.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell includes a cathode including elemental sulfur; an anode including elemental lithium; and an electrolyte including a salt and a non-polar fluorinated ether solvent. Alternatively, a lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell may include an anode; an electrolyte; and a cathode including a polytetrafluoroethylene-coated carbon paper and sulfur.

Abstract: A lithium-air battery includes a lithium anode; an air cathode; and a separator between the lithium anode and an air cathode the separator including a cross-linked polysiloxane.

Abstract: A lithium-air battery includes a cathode including a porous active carbon material, a separator, an anode including lithium, and an electrolyte including a lithium salt and polyalkylene glycol ether, where the porous active carbon material is free of a metal-based catalyst.

Abstract: A electrolyte for a lithium battery includes a silane/siloxane compound represented by SiR4?x?yR?xR?y, by Formula II, or Formula III: where each R is individually an alkenyl, alkynyl, alk(poly)enyl, alk(poly)ynyl, aryl; each R? is represented by; each R? is represented by Formula I-B; R1 is an organic spacer; R2 is a bond or an organic spacer; R3 is alkyl or aryl; k is 1-15; m is 1-15; n is 1 or 2; p is 1-3; x? is 1-2; and y? is 0-2.

Abstract: An electrolyte electrochemical device includes an anodic material and an electrolyte, the electrolyte including an organosilicon solvent, a salt, and a hybrid additiving having a first and a second compound, the hybrid additive configured to form a solid electrolyte interphase film on the anodic material upon application of a potential to the electrochemical device.

Abstract: A lithium-air cell includes a negative electrode; an air positive electrode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte which includes an anion receptor that may be represented by one or more of the formulas.

Abstract: An electrolyte may include compounds of general Formula IVA or IVB. where, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, alkyl, haloalkyl, and alkoxy groups; X and Y are each independently O, S, N, or P; and Z? is a linkage between X and Y, and at least one of R8, R9, R10, and R11 is other than H.

Abstract: A composite material includes a porous organic polymer and an electrochemically active material, wherein the porous organic polymer contains a plurality of pores having a diameter of from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm, and the electrochemically active material is disposed within the pores.