Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating multidrug resistance in cancerous cells with phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, e.g., PDE5 inhibitors. More specifically, the invention relates to methods of treating multidrug resistance that arises, e.g., during administration of chemotherapeutic/antineoplastic (anticancer) agents for treatment of cancer, with a PDE5 inhibitor (e.g., sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil). The invention also relates to methods of treating cancer, e.g., multidrug resistant cancer, using a PDE5 inhibitor in combination with an antineoplastic therapeutic agent. Further, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for treating multidrug resistant cancers comprising a PDE5 inhibitor, or a combination of a PDE5 inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent.

Abstract: An automatic bulk filling process for filling a large number of liquid containers (20) simultaneously which consists of placing the open-topped liquid containers upside down in a rack (22). The rack is then inserted into a vacuum chamber (28) and positioned directly above a tray (38) that contains a liquid medicinal product (40). The next step is to evacuate the chamber to a predetermined level below atmospheric pressure and then lowering the rack until the containers are partially immersed in the liquid product. Following that step, nitrogen is introduced into the vacuum chamber at a predetermined gradual rate, thereby quickly forcing the medicinal liquid product into the containers. The rack is then raised from the tray containing the liquid medicinal product and removed from the chamber as another rack full of containers is simultaneously inserted into the chamber from the other end.

Abstract: Novel methods for positron emission tomography or single photon emission spectroscopy using tracer compounds having the structure: ##STR1## where X in .beta. configuration isphenyl, naphthyl; 2,3 or 4-iodophenyl; 2,3 or 4-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl; 3,4,5 or 6-iodonaphthyl; 3,4,5 or 6-(trimethylsilyl)naphthyl; 2,3 or 4-(trialkylstannyl)phenyl; or 3,4,5 or 6-(trialkylstannyl)napthylY in .beta. configuration is2-fluoroethoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 2-fluorocyclopropoxy, 2 or 3-fluorocyclobutoxy, R,S 1'-fluoroisopropoxy, R 1'-fluoroisopropoxy, S 1'-fluoroisopropoxy, 1',3'-difluoroisopropoxy, R,S 1'-fluoroisobutoxy, R 1'-fluoroisobutoxy, S 1'-fluoroisobutoxy, R,S 4'-fluoroisobutoxy, R 4'-fluoroisobutoxy, S 4'-fluoroisobutoxy, or 1',1'-di(fluoromethyl)isobutoxy,The compounds bind dopamine transporter protein and can be labeled with .sup.18 F or .sup.123 I for imaging.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the structure: ##STR1## where X in .beta. configuration is phenyl, naphthyl; 2,3 or 4-iodophenyl; 2,3 or 4-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl; 3,4,5 or 6-iodonaphthyl; 3,4,5 or 6-(trimethylsilyl)naphthyl; 2,3 or 4-(trialkylstannyl)phenyl; or 3,4,5 or 6-(trialkylstannyl)naphthylY in .beta. configuration is Y.sub.1 or Y.sub.2,whereY.sub.1 is 2-fluoroethoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 2-fluorocyclopropoxy, 2 or 3-fluorocyclobutoxy, R,S 1'-fluoroisopropoxy, R 1'-fluoroisopropoxy, S 1'-fluoroisopropoxy, 1',3'-difluoroisopropoxy, R,S 1'-fluoroisobutoxy, R 1'-fluoroisobutoxy, S 1'-fluoroisobutoxy, R,S 4'-fluoroisobutoxy, R 4'-fluoroisobutoxy, S 4'-fluoroisobutoxy, or 1',1'-di(fluoromethyl)isobutoxy, andY.sub.