Abstract: A terahertz wave pulse wave amplitude modulation signal and an optical pulse amplitude modulation signal conversion amplifier includes a rectangular cavity, an absorption cavity, a metal block, a first waveguide, a second waveguide, three metal films, a terahertz pulse wave and a reference light; the rectangular cavity is located at the terahertz pulse wave input port, an incident port of the terahertz pulse wave is located at an upper port of the absorption cavity, and the absorption cavity is connected with a first waveguide; the metal block is disposed within the first waveguide, and is movable; the first waveguide is connected with a second waveguide; and an output power of the reference light is in correspondence with a power of an input terahertz pulse wave.

Abstract: A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) high-sensitivity plasmon polariton (SPP) terahertz wave detector includes a rectangular cavity, an absorption cavity, a silver block, two waveguides, three metal films, a terahertz probe light, a signal light, and an opto-electric detector; the terahertz probe light is located at an upper end of the rectangular cavity; the rectangular cavity is located at an input end of the terahertz probe wave; and the absorption cavity is connected with a first waveguide; the silver block is disposed within the first waveguide, and is movable; and the first waveguide is connected with a second waveguide.

Abstract: System controller and method for a lighting system. The system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal, and a second controller terminal configured to output a second signal to a diver component. The driver component is configured to receive a first current and provide one or more drive currents to one or more light emitting diodes in response to the second signal. Additionally, the system controller is configured to process information associated with the first signal, determine a first time period for the first signal to increase from a first threshold to a second threshold, and determine a second time period for the first signal to decrease from the second threshold to the first threshold.

Abstract: Power converter and method thereof according to certain embodiments. For example, the power converter includes a primary winding, and a secondary winding coupled to the primary winding. Additionally, the power converter includes a first switch including a first switch terminal, a second switch terminal, and a third switch terminal. The first switch is configured to affect a first current associated with the primary winding. The first switch terminal corresponds to a first voltage, and the second switch terminal corresponds to a second voltage. The first voltage minus the second voltage is equal to a voltage difference. Moreover, the power converter includes a second switch including a fourth switch terminal, a fifth switch terminal, and a sixth switch terminal and configured to affect a second current associated with the secondary winding.

Abstract: System controller for a lighting system and method thereof according to certain embodiments. For example, the system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal and a transistor including a first transistor terminal, a second transistor terminal, and a third transistor terminal. Additionally, the system controller includes a second controller terminal coupled to the first transistor terminal, and a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal. The system controller is configured to determine whether the first signal is associated with a leading-edge TRIAC dimmer based at least in part on the first signal, the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer being configured to receive an AC input voltage associated with at least a first half cycle from a starting time to an ending time.

Abstract: A two-terminal IC chip and method thereof. For example, a two-terminal IC chip includes a first chip terminal, a second chip terminal, a first switch configured to receive a control signal, a first capacitor coupled to the first switch, a second switch configured to receive the control signal, a second capacitor coupled to the second switch, a third switch configured to receive the control signal, and a third capacitor coupled to the third switch. A first terminal voltage is a voltage of the first chip terminal, a second terminal voltage is a voltage of the second chip terminal, and a chip voltage is equal to a difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage.

Abstract: System controller and method for a lighting system. The system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal, and a second controller terminal configured to output a second signal to a diver component. The driver component is configured to receive a first current and provide one or more drive currents to one or more light emitting diodes in response to the second signal. Additionally, the system controller is configured to process information associated with the first signal, determine a first time period for the first signal to increase from a first threshold to a second threshold, and determine a second time period for the first signal to decrease from the second threshold to the first threshold.

Abstract: Power converter and method thereof according to certain embodiments. For example, the power converter includes a primary winding, and a secondary winding coupled to the primary winding. Additionally, the power converter includes a first switch including a first switch terminal, a second switch terminal, and a third switch terminal. The first switch is configured to affect a first current associated with the primary winding. The first switch terminal corresponds to a first voltage, and the second switch terminal corresponds to a second voltage. The first voltage minus the second voltage is equal to a voltage difference. Moreover, the power converter includes a second switch including a fourth switch terminal, a fifth switch terminal, and a sixth switch terminal and configured to affect a second current associated with the secondary winding.

Abstract: A two-terminal IC chip and method thereof. For example, a two-terminal IC chip includes a first chip terminal, a second chip terminal, a first switch configured to receive a control signal, a first capacitor coupled to the first switch, a second switch configured to receive the control signal, a second capacitor coupled to the second switch, a third switch configured to receive the control signal, and a third capacitor coupled to the third switch. A first terminal voltage is a voltage of the first chip terminal, a second terminal voltage is a voltage of the second chip terminal, and a chip voltage is equal to a difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage.

Abstract: System controller for a lighting system and method thereof according to certain embodiments. For example, the system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal and a transistor including a first transistor terminal, a second transistor terminal, and a third transistor terminal. Additionally, the system controller includes a second controller terminal coupled to the first transistor terminal, and a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal. The system controller is configured to determine whether the first signal is associated with a leading-edge TRIAC dimmer based at least in part on the first signal, the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer being configured to receive an AC input voltage associated with at least a first half cycle from a starting time to an ending time.

Abstract: A two-terminal IC chip and method thereof. For example, a two-terminal IC chip includes a first chip terminal and a second chip terminal. A first terminal voltage is a voltage of the first chip terminal, a second terminal voltage is a voltage of the second chip terminal, and a chip voltage is equal to a difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage. The chip is configured to allow a chip current to flow into the chip at the first chip terminal and out of the chip at the second chip terminal, or to flow into the chip at the second chip terminal and out of the chip at the first chip terminal. The chip current is larger than or equal to zero in magnitude. The chip is further configured to change a relationship between the chip voltage and the chip current with respect to time. The chip is an integrated circuit, and the chip does not include any additional chip terminal other than the first chip terminal and the second chip terminal.

Abstract: A two-terminal IC chip and method thereof. For example, a two-terminal IC chip includes a first chip terminal, a second chip terminal, a first switch configured to receive a control signal, a first capacitor coupled to the first switch, a second switch configured to receive the control signal, a second capacitor coupled to the second switch, a third switch configured to receive the control signal, and a third capacitor coupled to the third switch. A first terminal voltage is a voltage of the first chip terminal, a second terminal voltage is a voltage of the second chip terminal, and a chip voltage is equal to a difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage.

Abstract: Power converter and method thereof according to certain embodiments. For example, the power converter includes a primary winding, and a secondary winding coupled to the primary winding. Additionally, the power converter includes a first switch including a first switch terminal, a second switch terminal, and a third switch terminal. The first switch is configured to affect a first current associated with the primary winding. The first switch terminal corresponds to a first voltage, and the second switch terminal corresponds to a second voltage. The first voltage minus the second voltage is equal to a voltage difference. Moreover, the power converter includes a second switch including a fourth switch terminal, a fifth switch terminal, and a sixth switch terminal and configured to affect a second current associated with the secondary winding.

Abstract: A two-terminal IC chip and method thereof. For example, a two-terminal IC chip includes a first chip terminal and a second chip terminal. A first terminal voltage is a voltage of the first chip terminal, a second terminal voltage is a voltage of the second chip terminal, and a chip voltage is equal to a difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage. The chip is configured to allow a chip current to flow into the chip at the first chip terminal and out of the chip at the second chip terminal, or to flow into the chip at the second chip terminal and out of the chip at the first chip terminal. The chip current is larger than or equal to zero in magnitude. The chip is further configured to change a relationship between the chip voltage and the chip current with respect to time. The chip is an integrated circuit, and the chip does not include any additional chip terminal other than the first chip terminal and the second chip terminal.

Abstract: System controller for a lighting system and method thereof according to certain embodiments. For example, the system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal and a transistor including a first transistor terminal, a second transistor terminal, and a third transistor terminal. Additionally, the system controller includes a second controller terminal coupled to the first transistor terminal, and a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal. The system controller is configured to determine whether the first signal is associated with a leading-edge TRIAC dimmer based at least in part on the first signal, the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer being configured to receive an AC input voltage associated with at least a first half cycle from a starting time to an ending time.

Abstract: A two-terminal IC chip and method thereof. For example, a two-terminal IC chip includes a first chip terminal and a second chip terminal. A first terminal voltage is a voltage of the first chip terminal, a second terminal voltage is a voltage of the second chip terminal, and a chip voltage is equal to a difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage. The chip is configured to allow a chip current to flow into the chip at the first chip terminal and out of the chip at the second chip terminal, or to flow into the chip at the second chip terminal and out of the chip at the first chip terminal. The chip current is larger than or equal to zero in magnitude. The chip is further configured to change a relationship between the chip voltage and the chip current with respect to time. The chip is an integrated circuit, and the chip does not include any additional chip terminal other than the first chip terminal and the second chip terminal.

Abstract: A two-terminal IC chip and method thereof. For example, a two-terminal IC chip includes a first chip terminal, a second chip terminal, a first switch configured to receive a control signal, a first capacitor coupled to the first switch, a second switch configured to receive the control signal, a second capacitor coupled to the second switch, a third switch configured to receive the control signal, and a third capacitor coupled to the third switch. A first terminal voltage is a voltage of the first chip terminal, a second terminal voltage is a voltage of the second chip terminal, and a chip voltage is equal to a difference between the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage.

Abstract: System and method for controlling one or more switches. The system includes a first converting circuit, a second converting circuit, and a signal processing component. The first converting circuit is configured to convert a first current and generate a first converted voltage signal based on at least information associated with the first current. The second converting circuit is configured to convert a second current and generate a second converted voltage signal based on at least information associated with the second current. The signal processing component is configured to receive the first converted voltage signal and the second converted voltage signal and generate an output signal based on at least information associated with the first converted voltage signal and the second converted voltage signal.

Abstract: System and method for protecting a power converter. A system includes a threshold generator configured to generate a threshold signal, and a first comparator configured to receive the threshold signal and a first signal and to generate a comparison signal. The first signal is associated with an input current for a power converter. Additionally, the system includes a pulse-width-modulation generator configured to receive the comparison signal and generate a modulation signal in response to the comparison signal, and a switch configured to receive the modulation signal and adjust the input current for the power converter. The threshold signal is associated with a threshold magnitude as a function of time. The threshold magnitude increases with time at a first slope during a first period, and the threshold magnitude increases with time at a second slope during a second period. The first slope and the second slope are different.

Abstract: System controller and method for a lighting system. The system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal, and a second controller terminal configured to output a second signal to a diver component. The driver component is configured to receive a first current and provide one or more drive currents to one or more light emitting diodes in response to the second signal. Additionally, the system controller is configured to process information associated with the first signal, determine a first time period for the first signal to increase from a first threshold to a second threshold, and determine a second time period for the first signal to decrease from the second threshold to the first threshold.