Abstract: Compositions and methods for electrochemical detection of nucleic acid are disclosed. The compositions comprise electrocatalytic intercalators that bind to double-stranded nucleic acid and oxidize nucleic acid. Methods of detecting nucleic acid in a sample comprise forming double-stranded nucleic acid that is bound by electrocatalytic intercalators wherein the intercalators catalyze oxidation of the nucleic acid at the surface of an electrode.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for electrochemical detection of an analyte comprising a transition metal compound wherein M is a metallic element that can form a coordinate bond to nitrogen; R and R? are coordinated to M at their nitrogen atoms; L is a linking ligand; Z is chlorine or bromine; m can be from 1 to 6 and X is an anion, or combination of anions, that balances the charge m. Also provided are electrochemical tags and methods of detection.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a compound having the general formula (I): wherein each of La and Lb is an independently selected from a linking moiety comprising 0 to 10 main chain atoms, optionally substituted; each of Za and Zb is an independently selected complexing moiety comprising at least one nitrogen atom; either both or one of Za and/or Zb is coordinatively bonded to a respective transition metal complex MaVa and MbVb through said nitrogen atom, wherein each of Ma and Mb is an independently selected transition metal, and each of Va and Vb is an independently selected valence group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel high oxidation state metallocene compounds, processes for preparing these compounds and uses of these compounds.

Abstract: A method for producing a control output is described. The method includes identifying an error signal and decomposing the error signal into a plurality of signal components. The signal components are determined based on a plurality of orthogonal functions representing multi-resolution decomposition properties. The method further includes transforming each signal component. The transformed signal components are summed to determine a control signal.

Abstract: Controller scaling and parameterization are described. Techniques that can be improved by employing the scaling and parameterization include, but are not limited to, controller design, tuning and optimization. The scaling and parameterization methods described here apply to transfer function based controllers, including PID controllers. The parameterization methods also applies to state feedback and state observer based controllers, as well as linear active disturbance rejection controllers.

Abstract: Thin films of transition metal complex-based redox polymers are electrodeposited on electrodes via application of fixed or cycled potential. When hydrated, an electrodeposited film conducts electrons by electron exchange between backbone-bound, but mobile, functional segments of its redox polymer constituents. These functional segments, or redox complexes, have labile ligands, such as chloride anions, for example, in their inner coordination spheres. The backbones of the redox polymers have strongly coordinating ligands, such as pyridine- or imidazole-containing functions, for example, which are generally not coordinated prior to deposition. Electrodeposition results from coordinative crosslinking by exchange of labile ligands and strongly coordinating ligands between polymer chains, provided sufficient functional segments of the redox polymers are present at the electrode surface.