Abstract: A battery and supercapacitor system of a vehicle includes a lithium ion battery (LIB) having first and second electrodes, and a supercapacitor having third and fourth electrodes. A first reference electrode is disposed between the first and second electrodes and is configured to measure a first potential at a location between the first and second electrodes. A second reference electrode is disposed between the third and fourth electrodes and is configured to measure a second potential at a location between the third and fourth electrodes. The first electrode may be connected to the third electrode, and the second electrode may be connected to the fourth electrode. The first and second reference electrodes may not be connected to any of the first, second, third, or fourth electrodes.

Abstract: An electrolyte can be pretreated by contacting with an oxide species (e.g., SiO2, SiOx, where 1?x?2, TiO2). The electrolyte comprises LiPF6 and a carbonate solvent. A reaction occurs to form a pretreated electrolyte comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: MaPx?OyFz, MaPx?OyFzCnHm, and combinations thereof, where when P in the formula is normalized to 1 so that x? is equal to about 1, 0<y?4, 0<z?6, 0?a?3, 0 ?n?20, 0?m?42, and M is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Ti, Al, and combinations thereof. Lithium-ion electrochemical cells including lithium titanate oxide (LTO) using such a pretreated electrolyte have reduced reactivity and gas formation.

Abstract: Methods of pretreating an electroactive material comprising lithium titanate oxide (LTO) include contacting a surface of the electroactive material with a pretreatment composition. In one variation, the pretreatment composition includes a salt of lithium fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), and combinations thereof, and a solvent. In another variation, the pretreatment composition includes an organophosphorus compound. In this manner, a protective surface coating forms on the surface of the electroactive material. The protective surface coating comprises fluorine, oxygen, phosphorus or boron, as well as optional elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and listed metals, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An application download method for a download-to-start application includes obtaining, by a server, runtime information of an application from a large quantity of terminals that have downloaded and used the application, performing data analysis on the information, determining a sequence of application files based on a result of the data analysis, to arrange an application file with a high access probability in front of an application file with a low access probability, and transmitting the application files to a terminal device based on the sequence.

Abstract: A rotary power tool includes a main housing and a transmission housing coupled to the main housing. The transmission housing includes a bearing pocket open to a front of the transmission housing and defined at least partially by a radially inward-extending flange. The rotary power tool also includes an output shaft and a bearing positioned within the bearing pocket adjacent and in abutting relationship with the radially inward-extending flange for rotatably supporting the output shaft in the transmission housing. The rotary power tool also includes a radially outward-extending flange on the output shaft that radially overlaps at least a portion of the bearing on an opposite side of the bearing as the radially inward-extending flange. A line of action of an axial reaction force applied to the output shaft is directed to the transmission housing via the radially outwardly-extending flange, the bearing, and the radially inward-extending flange.

Abstract: A battery and supercapacitor system of a vehicle includes a lithium ion battery (LIB) disposed within a housing. The LIB includes: an electrolyte including lithium; and first and second electrodes disposed in the electrolyte. A supercapacitor is disposed within the housing and includes: the electrolyte; and third and fourth electrodes disposed in the electrolyte.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery including an electrolyte and a lithium titanate negative electrode is provided. The lithium titanate negative electrode includes structures of a lithium titanate core and a conformal layer surrounding each lithium titanate core. The conformal layer either includes titanium oxide with substantially no lithium or has a concentration of lithium ranging from a lower concentration at a surface portion of the layer to a higher concentration at an interior portion of the layer adjacent to the lithium titanate core. A method of preparing the lithium titanate structures and a method of preparing an electrode for a lithium ion battery, wherein the electrode includes lithium titanate structures, are also provided.

Abstract: A rotary power tool includes a main housing and a transmission housing coupled to the main housing. The transmission housing includes a bearing pocket open to a front of the transmission housing and defined at least partially by a radially inward-extending flange. The rotary power tool also includes an output shaft and a bearing positioned within the bearing pocket adjacent and in abutting relationship with the radially inward-extending flange for rotatably supporting the output shaft in the transmission housing. The rotary power tool also includes a radially outward-extending flange on the output shaft that radially overlaps at least a portion of the bearing on an opposite side of the bearing as the radially inward-extending flange. A line of action of an axial reaction force applied to the output shaft is directed to the transmission housing via the radially outwardly-extending flange, the bearing, and the radially inward-extending flange.

Abstract: The presently disclosed technology discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle control method and apparatus. A device displays a map. The device detects a first movement path on a touch-sensitive surface of the device. The device overlays a trajectory on the map in accordance with the first movement path. The device automatically generates a number of waypoints along the trajectory. and the device displays the waypoints on the trajectory and sends instructions to an unmanned vehicle in accordance with the trajectory and the waypoints. The unmanned vehicle moves in accordance with trajectory by executing the instructions.

Abstract: At least one of the anode and cathode of a lithium-ion processing electrochemical cell are prepared with a layer of mixed particles of both active lithium battery electrode materials and lithium ion adsorbing capacitor materials, or with co-extensive, contiguous layers of battery electrode particles in one layer and capacitor particles in the adjoining layer. The proportions of active battery electrode particles and active capacitor particles in one or both of the electrodes are predetermined to provide specified energy density (Wh/kg) and power density (W/kg) properties of the cell for its intended application.

Abstract: An application download method for a download-to-start application includes obtaining, by a server, runtime information of an application from a large quantity of terminals that have downloaded and used the application, performing data analysis on the information, determining a sequence of application files based on a result of the data analysis, to arrange an application file with a high access probability in front of an application file with a low access probability, and transmitting the application files to a terminal device based on the sequence.

Abstract: Electrodes are formed with a porous layer of particulate electrode material bonded to each of the two major sides of a compatible metal current collector. In one embodiment, opposing electrodes are formed with like lithium-ion battery anode materials or like cathode materials or capacitor materials on both sides of the current collector. In another embodiment, a battery electrode material is applied to one side of a current collector and capacitor material is applied to the other side. In general, the electrodes are formed by combining a suitable grouping of capacitor layers with un-equal numbers of anode and cathode battery layers. One or more pairs of opposing electrodes are assembled to provide a combination of battery and capacitor energy and power properties in a hybrid electrochemical cell. The cells may be formed by stacking or winding rolls of the opposing electrodes with interposed separators.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery including an electrolyte and a lithium titanate negative electrode is provided. The lithium titanate negative electrode includes structures of a lithium titanate core and a conformal layer surrounding each lithium titanate core. The conformal layer either includes titanium oxide with substantially no lithium or has a concentration of lithium ranging from a lower concentration at a surface portion of the layer to a higher concentration at an interior portion of the layer adjacent to the lithium titanate core. A method of preparing the lithium titanate structures and a method of preparing an electrode for a lithium ion battery, wherein the electrode includes lithium titanate structures, are also provided.

Abstract: A method for extracting web page content in a terminal device, where a system service in a framework of an operating system drives a web page display component execution environment to complete a control layout and control rendering on a user interface of an application program, where a web page display component is identified from a view control included in the user interface, and then instructions for content extraction and instructions for information feedback are inserted, through an interface of the identified web page display component, into a web page embedded in the user interface of the application program. The instructions for content extraction extracts content at a specified location on the web page based on a custom web event, and the instructions for information feedback transfers the extracted web page content to the operating system.

Abstract: Lithium-based and sodium-based batteries and capacitors using metal foil current collectors, coated with porous layers of particles of active electrode materials for producing an electric current, may adapted to produce heat for enhancing output when the cells are required to periodically operate during low ambient temperatures. A self-heating cell may be placed in heat transfer contact with a working cell that is temporarily in a cold environment. Or one or both of the anode current collector and cathode current collectors of a heating cell may be formed with shaped extended portions, uncoated with electrode materials, through which cell current may be passed for resistance heating of the extended current collector areas. These extended current collector areas may be used to heat the working area of the cell in which they are incorporated, or to contact and heat an adjacent working cell.

Abstract: Electrodes are formed with a porous layer of particulate electrode material bonded to each of the two major sides of a compatible metal current collector. In one embodiment, opposing electrodes are formed with like lithium-ion battery anode materials or like cathode materials or capacitor materials on both sides of the current collector. In another embodiment, a battery electrode material is applied to one side of a current collector and capacitor material is applied to the other side. In general, the electrodes are formed by combining a suitable grouping of capacitor layers with un-equal numbers of anode and cathode battery layers. One or more pairs of opposing electrodes are assembled to provide a combination of battery and capacitor energy and power properties in a hybrid electrochemical cell. The cells may be formed by stacking or winding rolls of the opposing electrodes with interposed separators.

Abstract: A copper foil, intended for use as a current collector in a lithium-containing electrode for a lithium-based electrochemical cell, is subjected to a series of chemical oxidation and reduction processing steps to form a field of integral copper wires extending outwardly from the surfaces of the current collector (and from the copper content of the foil) to be coated with a resin-bonded porous layer of particles of active electrode material. The copper wires serve to anchor thicker layers of porous electrode material and enhance liquid electrolyte contact with the electrode particles and the current collector to improve the energy output of the cell and its useful life.

Abstract: A method for reducing residual water content in a battery material includes placing the battery material having residual water adsorbed therein in a channel substantially sealed from an ambient environment. A gaseous mixture is caused to flow through the battery material in the channel. The gaseous mixture includes an organic solvent vapor present in an amount effective to hydrogen bond with at least some water molecules from the battery material. The gaseous mixture is caused to flow through the battery material for a predetermined amount of time, at a predetermined temperature, and at a predetermined pressure. The organic solvent vapor having at least some water molecules bonded thereto is removed from the battery material. The removing takes place for a predetermined amount of time, at a predetermined temperature, and at a predetermined pressure, thereby forming the battery material having reduced residual water content.

Abstract: Provided is a particulate electrode material for an electrode of a hybrid battery/capacitor, in which the battery constituent is a lithium-ion battery. The electrode material comprises: a group of hybrid particle structures, each hybrid particle structure consisting of electrode material and capacitor material, each hybrid particle structure being characterized by a core particle composed of active anode material or of active cathode material for a lithium-ion battery, each core particle being covered by a porous shell of smaller carbon particles, the carbon particles being porous and serving as capacitor material in the group of hybrid particle structures, the porosity of the shells of capacitor material particles enabling lithium ions in a selected non-aqueous solution of a lithium electrolyte salt to interact with both the active anode material or the active cathode material of the core particle and the porous carbon capacitor particles of the shell.

Abstract: Lithium titanate, Li4Ti5O12, particles containing surface hydroxyl groups are susceptible to unwanted gas generation (such as hydrogen) in the presence of water contamination when the particles are used as active anode electrode material in lithium-ion cells operating with an anhydrous liquid electrolyte. In accordance with this disclosure, the hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the particles are reacted with one of a group of selected agents containing organic alkoxy groups to form hydrophobic moieties on the surfaces of the particles which effectively block water molecules from the surfaces of lithium titanate particles in the anode of the cell.