Abstract: A method for reducing power consumption in a transceiver front-end circuit for a cellular radio. The transceiver circuit includes a receiver module having a delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal in an interleaving process, where the delta-sigma modulator includes a low noise amplifier (LNA), an LC filter and a quantizer circuit. The LC filter is a multi-order filter and the quantizer circuit is an interleaving quantizer circuit that interleaves multiple groups of bits from the filter. The method includes selectively reducing the order of the LC filter in situations where a full dynamic range of the cellular radio is not required and reducing a bit resolution of the quantizer circuit so as to reduce the power requirements of the cellular radio.

Abstract: A method for reducing power consumption in a transceiver front-end circuit for a cellular radio. The transceiver circuit includes a receiver module having a delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal in an interleaving process, where the delta-sigma modulator includes a combiner, a low noise amplifier (LNA), an LC filter and a quantizer circuit. The LC filter is a multi-order filter and the quantizer circuit is an interleaving quantizer circuit that interleaves multiple groups of bits from the filter. The method includes selectively reducing the order of the LC filter in situations where a full dynamic range of the cellular radio is not required and reducing a bit resolution of the quantizer circuit so as to reduce the power requirements of the cellular radio.

Abstract: A cellular radio architecture that includes a programmable bandpass sampling radio frequency front-end and an optimized digital baseband. The architecture includes a multiplexer having signal paths that include a bandpass filter that passes a different frequency band than the other bandpass filters and a circulator that provides signal isolation between the transmit signals and the receive signals. The architecture also includes a receiver module having a separate signal channel for each of the signal paths in the multiplexer, where each signal channel in the receiver module includes a receiver delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal. The architecture further includes a transmitter module having a transmitter delta-sigma modulator for converting digital data bits to analog transmit signals, where the transmitter module includes a power amplifier and a switch for directing the transmit signals to one of the signal paths in the multiplexer.

Abstract: A radar system in which Coded Aperture Radar processing is performed on received radar signals reflected by one or more objects in a field of view which reflect a transmitted signal which covers a field of view with K sweeps and each sweep including Q frequency changes. For Type II CAR, the transmitted signal also includes N modulated codes per frequency step. The received radar signals are modulated by a plurality of binary modulators the results of which are applied to a mixer. The output of the mixer, for one acquisition results in a set of Q·K (for Type I CAR) or Q·K·N (for Type II CAR) complex data samples, is distributed among a number of digital channels, each corresponding to a desired beam direction. For each channel, the complex digital samples are multiplied, sample by sample, by a complex signal mask that is different for each channel.

Abstract: An RF transmitter module for a cellular radio that includes a delta-sigma modulator having a plurality of interleaving dynamic element matching (DEM) circuits providing interleaved digital bits at a reduced clock rate. An interleaver controller controls the DEM circuits so as to provide groups of the digital bits at different points in time. In one embodiment, a summation junction adds the groups of the digital bits to provide a continuous stream of the interleaved digital bits, a DAC converts the stream of interleaved digital bits to an analog signal, and a power amplifier amplifies the analog signal.

Abstract: An agile transceiver including a receiver channel that includes an input, a coarse tracking filter coupled to the input, the coarse tracking filter having a set of at least two bandpass filters for filtering signals from the input into at least two coarse pass bands, a mixer coupled to an output of the coarse tracking filter, a selected local oscillator coupled to the mixer for mixing with the output of the coarse tracking filter and shifting a desired coarse pass band to near a base band, a fine tracking filter for filtering the shifted and desired coarse pass band to a fine pass band, and a band pass ?? demodulator for converting signals in the fine pass band from analog into digital. The agile transceiver may include a corresponding transmitter channel.

Abstract: A transceiver front-end circuit for a cellular radio architecture for a vehicle, where the transceiver circuit employs components for reducing power consumption. The transceiver circuit includes a receiver module having a delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal in an interleaving process, where the delta-sigma modulator includes a combiner, a low noise amplifier (LNA), an LC filter and a quantizer circuit. The LC filter is a multi-order filter and the quantizer circuit is an interleaving quantizer circuit that interleaves multiple groups of bits from the filter. The order of the LC filter is selectively reduced in situations where a full dynamic range of the cellular radio is not required and a bit resolution of the quantizer circuit is reduced so as to reduce the power requirements of the cellular radio.

Abstract: A method for reducing power consumption in a transceiver front-end circuit for a cellular radio. The transceiver circuit includes a receiver module having a delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal in an interleaving process, where the delta-sigma modulator includes a low noise amplifier (LNA), an LC filter and a quantizer circuit. The LC filter is a multi-order filter and the quantizer circuit is an interleaving quantizer circuit that interleaves multiple groups of bits from the filter. The method includes selectively reducing the order of the LC filter in situations where a full dynamic range of the cellular radio is not required and reducing a bit resolution of the quantizer circuit so as to reduce the power requirements of the cellular radio.

Abstract: A pulse domain 1 to 2N demultiplexer has a (i) pair of N stage counters each of which is responsive to an incoming pulse train in the pulse domain, one of the counters being responsive to leading edges of the pulses in the incoming pulse train and the other one of the counters being responsive to trailing edges of the pulses in the incoming pulse train and (ii) a control logic responsive to the states through which the pair of counters count, the control logic including 2N gate arrangements, each of the 2N gate arrangements generating a output signal of the pulse domain 1 to 2N demultiplexer.

Abstract: A cellular radio architecture that includes a receiver module having a receiver delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal. The architecture further includes a transmitter module having a transmitter delta-sigma modulator for converting digital data bits to analog transmit signals. Portions of the receiver and transmitter modules are fabricated with silicon germanium (SiGe) technologies and portions of the receiver and transmitter modules are fabricated with CMOS technologies.

Abstract: An RF transmitter module for a cellular radio that includes a delta-sigma modulator having a plurality of interleaving dynamic element matching (DEM) circuits providing interleaved digital bits at a reduced clock rate. An interleaver controller controls the DEM circuits so as to provide groups of the digital bits at different points in time. In one embodiment, a summation junction adds the groups of the digital bits to provide a continuous stream of the interleaved digital bits, a DAC converts the stream of interleaved digital bits to an analog signal, and a power amplifier amplifies the analog signal.

Abstract: A cellular radio architecture that includes a multiplexer coupled to an antenna structure and including multiple signal paths, where each signal path includes a bandpass filter that passes a different frequency band than the other bandpass filters and a circulator that provides signal isolation between the transmit signals and the receive signals. The architecture also includes a receiver module having a separate signal channel for each of the signal paths in the multiplexer, where each signal channel in the receiver module includes a receiver delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal. The delta-sigma modulator includes an LC filter having a plurality of LC resonator circuits, a plurality of transconductance amplifiers and a plurality of integrator circuits, where a combination of one resonator circuit, transconductance amplifier and integrator circuit represents a two-order stage of the LC filter.

Abstract: A cellular radio architecture that includes a programmable bandpass sampling radio frequency front-end and an optimized digital baseband. The architecture includes a multiplexer having signal paths that include a bandpass filter that passes a different frequency band than the other bandpass filters and a circulator that provides signal isolation between the transmit signals and the receive signals. The architecture also includes a receiver module having a separate signal channel for each of the signal paths in the multiplexer, where each signal channel in the receiver module includes a receiver delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal. The architecture further includes a transmitter module having a transmitter delta-sigma modulator for converting digital data bits to analog transmit signals, where the transmitter module includes a power amplifier and a switch for directing the transmit signals to one of the signal paths in the multiplexer.

Abstract: A cellular radio architecture that includes a programmable bandpass sampling radio frequency front-end and an optimized digital baseband. The architecture includes a receiver module having a plurality of signal channels for different frequency bands, where each signal channel in the receiver module includes a receiver delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal. The architecture also includes a transmitter module having a transmitter delta-sigma modulator for converting digital data bits to analog transmit signals, where the transmitter module includes a power amplifier and a switch for directing the transmit signals to one of the signal paths. The architecture also includes a dual self-cancellation circuit providing digital and analog cancellation of the transmit signal in the receiver module.

Abstract: Provided is a windshield for a high-speed locomotive and preparation method thereof. The windshield comprises an anti-reflection film layer; a first chemical tempering glass layer coated with the anti-reflection film layer on a first side thereof; at least one second chemical tempering glass layer located on a second side of the first chemical tempering glass layer; the second chemical tempering glass layer being bonded together with the first chemical tempering glass layer via a layer of an adhesive film, and adjacent second chemical tempering glass layers also being bonded together via a layer of the adhesive film; an anti-splash film layer, located on an outer side of the outermost second chemical tempering glass layer and bonded together with the outermost second chemical tempering glass layer via a layer of the adhesive film; and a first electric heating element disposed inside the adhesive film layer in contact with the first chemical tempering glass layer.

Abstract: A data storage and query method supporting an agile development and horizontal scaling, in a field of computer applications, includes steps of: transforming data into a 2-tuple (Key, MiniTable) and identifying any MiniTable (having a data set removed) with a unique Key, wherein the MiniTable includes multiple data columns; a structure of each data column is limited by a pre-defined mode; and the data columns are sorted according to a primary key defined by the mode. The data storage and query method obtains a capability of the horizontal scaling via removing dependency among the data sets, and a capability of the agile development via supporting an analogous SQL grammar by saving dependency among the data within the data sets. The data storage and query method can be applied to a data management system which supports the horizontal scaling of big data and the agile development of short development lifecycles.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reshaping the beam intensity distribution of an illumination light supplied to a specimen under inspection are presented. A scanning surface inspection system includes a beam shaping element that flattens the beam intensity distribution of a beam of light generated by an illumination source. The reshaped illumination light is directed to the wafer surface over an illumination spot. With a flattened beam intensity distribution, the incident beam power can be increased without the beam intensity exceeding the damage threshold of the wafer at any particular location. In addition, the illumination spot is shaped by the beam shaping element to have a variable beam width in a direction parallel to the inspection track. The location of a defect within an inspection area having a variable beam width is estimated based on an analysis of the output of the detector.

Abstract: A delta sigma modulator which has improved the dynamic range. The ?? modulator has a plurality of ADCs and a plurality of DACs, the plurality of ADCs and DACs are connected in a loop. The plurality of ADCs are coupled with an incoming analog signal. A clock generator provides a plurality of clock signals which control the plurality of ADCs and the plurality of DACs, the clock signals being offset relative to each other in the time domain thereby enabling each ADC in the plurality of ADCs one at a time and each DAC in the plurality of DACs one at a time so that the ?? modulator processes data in the incoming analog signal in an interleaved fashion. The delta sigma modulator has an Nth order filter in a forward path of the loop.

Abstract: A method for reducing power consumption in a transceiver front-end circuit for a cellular radio. The transceiver circuit includes a receiver module having a delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal in an interleaving process, where the delta-sigma modulator includes a combiner, a low noise amplifier (LNA), an LC filter and a quantizer circuit. The LC filter is a multi-order filter and the quantizer circuit is an interleaving quantizer circuit that interleaves multiple groups of bits from the filter. The method includes selectively reducing the order of the LC filter in situations where a full dynamic range of the cellular radio is not required and reducing a bit resolution of the quantizer circuit so as to reduce the power requirements of the cellular radio.

Abstract: A cellular radio architecture for a vehicle that includes a receiver module having a receiver delta-sigma modulator that converts analog receive signals to a representative digital signal. The architecture further includes a transmitter module having a transmitter delta-sigma modulator for converting digital data bits to analog transmit signals. Portions of the receiver and transmitter modules are fabricated with indium phosphide (InP) technologies and portions of the receiver and transmitter modules are fabricated with CMOS technologies.