Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel detergents for use in various procedures including, for example, nucleic acid amplification reactions such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods for preparing the modified detergents are also described.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrochemical sensing system is provided. The method includes forming a sensor with a first sensing element disposed on a sensor, the first sensing element configured to detect a target gas, disposing a second sensing element on the sensor, the second sensing element configured to detect the target gas, and coupling a protective feature to the second sensing element, the protective feature configured to prevent non-target gases from contacting the second sensing element. The sensor is configured such that if the first sensing element generates a current exceeding a first threshold current value and the second sensing element does not exceed a second threshold current value it is determined that the first sensing element is contaminated and a restoration protocol is performed on the first sensing element.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel detergents for use in various procedures including, for example, nucleic acid amplification reactions such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods for preparing the modified detergents are also described.

Abstract: A method and an analyzer for detecting impurities in refrigerant (e.g. methyl chloride (R40) or Chlorodifiuoromethane (R22)), wherein the refrigerant analyzer (12) includes a first sensing device (16), preferably a non-dispersive infrared sensor (NDIR), in flow communication with a second sensing device (18), preferably an electrochemical sensor. The first sensing device is configured to determine a first characteristic of a refrigerant (e.g. absorbance in the IR range), and the second sensing device is configured to detect a second characteristic of the refrigerant (e.g. concentration in ppmv). Preferably, the refrigerant analyzer is a part of a system for detecting impurities (10) and further preferably it comprises flow regulators (20), a scrubber (24) and a processor (22). The scrubber is preferably in flow communication with the first sensing device and it preferably comprises a packing material comprising alumina (Al2O3, aluminum oxide).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel compounds for use in various compositions, kits and methods, including, for example, use in polymerase storage buffers and in nucleic acid synthesis or amplification reactions such as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods for preparing the novel compounds are also described.

Abstract: There are provided for herein novel amine-containing transfection compounds and methods for making and using same. The compounds are generally obtained by reacting a primary amine with an unsaturated compound. Transfection complexes made using the amine-containing transfection compounds in combination with additional compounds to encapsulate biologically active agents such as nucleic acids are also provided for herein. Methods of using the transfection complexes for the in vivo or in vitro delivery of biologically active agents are also described. The transfection complexes of the present invention are highly potent, thereby allowing effective modulation of a biological activity at relatively low doses compared to analogous transfection compounds known in the art.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a housing (22) having disposed therein a membrane electrode assembly comprising a sensing electrode (14), a counter electrode (16), and a solid polymer electrolyte (12) disposed between the sensing electrode and the counter electrode. The sensing electrode comprises a first catalyst comprising noble metal nanoparticles (34). The counter electrode comprises a second catalyst comprising noble metal nanoparticles (34), which can be of the same composition or a different composition as the first catalyst. The sensor housing also includes an opening (24) in fluid communication with the sensing electrode for test gas to contact the sensing electrode. The sensor also includes an electrical circuit (19) connecting the sensing electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relate to the field of network security, and disclose a wireless network connection method, apparatus, and system. A method for establishing wireless network connection includes receiving, by an authorization server, an access request sent by a radio access point. The access request carries user information of a user terminal that attempts to access the radio access point. The method then includes determining whether the radio access point is a trusted radio access point, performing a first identity authentication on the user terminal when the radio access point is determined to be the trusted radio access point, generating a master key for the user terminal based on the user information, sending the master key to the user terminal when the first identity authentication succeeds and sending the master key to the radio access point.

Abstract: A thermally conductive structure and a heat dissipation device are provided. The thermally conductive structure comprises a first thermally conductive layer and a second thermally conductive layer. The first thermally conductive layer comprises a graphene material and first carbon nanotubes, and the first carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the graphene material. The second thermally conductive layer is stacked on the first thermally conductive layer, and comprises a porous material and second carbon nanotubes, and the second carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the porous material. The heat dissipation device comprises the thermally conductive structure and a heat dissipation structure. The thermally conductive structure is in contact with a heat source, and the heat dissipation structure is connected to the thermally conductive structure.

Abstract: A method for preparing dispersing particles in perfluorinated polymer ionomer includes combining particles and a perfluorinated ionomer precursor in a mixture, and converting the perfluorinated ionomer precursor to a perfluorinated proton-conducting ionomer in the presence of the particles.

Abstract: A device includes a storage unit and a processing unit. The processing unit includes a processor and is coupled to the storage unit. The processing unit operates a big operating system (BOS) and a little operating system (LOS) and can dynamically switch between the BOS and the LOS according to the system loading status of the device, wherein power consumption and resource requirements of the BOS are different than those of the LOS.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrolyte membrane includes providing a dispersion solution that has a crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material and a linear perfluorinated ionomer material dispersed in a carrier fluid or mixture carrier fluids. The crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material has an equivalent weight of 750 g/mol or less with respect to proton exchange acid groups. The linear perfluorinated ionomer material has an equivalent weight of 750 g/mol or more with respect to proton exchange as acid groups. At least a portion of the carrier fluid or fluids is removed from the dispersion solution to thereby form an electrolyte membrane with the crosslinked perfluorinated ionomer material and the linear perfluorinated ionomer material.

Abstract: A proton exchange material includes a linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain and a side chain extending off of the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The side chain includes at least one sulfonimide group, —SO2-NH—SO2-, and a carbon chain link between the at least one sulfonimide group and the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The carbon chain link has less than three carbon atoms.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel compounds for use in various compositions, kits and methods, including, for example, use in polymerase storage buffers and in nucleic acid synthesis or amplification reactions such as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods for preparing the novel compounds are also described.

Abstract: There are provided for herein novel amine-containing transfection compounds and methods for making and using same. The compounds are generally obtained by reacting a primary amine with an unsaturated compound. Transfection complexes made using the amine-containing transfection compounds in combination with additional compounds to encapsulate biologically active agents such as nucleic acids are also provided for herein. Methods of using the transfection complexes for the in vivo or in vitro delivery of biologically active agents are also described. The transfection complexes of the present invention are highly potent, thereby allowing effective modulation of a biological activity at relatively low doses compared to analogous transfection compounds known in the art.

Abstract: A low-power wearable device includes a storage unit and a processing unit. The processing unit includes a processor and is coupled to the storage unit. The processing unit operates a big operating system (BOS) and a little operating system (LOS) and can dynamically switch between the BOS and the LOS according to the system loading status of the wearable device, wherein power consumption and resource requirements of the BOS are different than those of the LOS.

Abstract: A refrigerant analyzer including a pump, a filtering device, a temperature/humidity regulator, an electrochemical sensor, and a control device, wherein the refrigerant analyzer is configured to circulate conditioned air through the sensing chamber for an initialization duration of time to obtain an initial output value, determine whether the initial output value is stabilized below a predetermined initial limit, circulate a refrigerant through the sensing chamber for a sensing duration of time, operate the control device to measure a sensed output value, and operate the control device to determine a measured concentration of at least one contaminant within the refrigerant based on the sensed output value.

Abstract: A gas sensor for detecting one or more contaminants in a refrigerant includes a housing having disposed therein a membrane electrode assembly comprising a sensing electrode, a counter electrode, and a solid polymer electrolyte disposed between the sensing electrode and the counter electrode. The sensing electrode comprises nanoparticles of a first catalyst comprising noble metal. The counter electrode comprises nanoparticles of a second catalyst comprising noble metal. The sensing electrode in the sensor has been preconditioned by exposure under a positive voltage bias to a preconditioning gas comprising the contaminant(s) or their precursors or derivatives.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a proton conducting fuel cell composite membrane includes the step of electrospinning a non-charged polymeric material, such as PVDF and PSF, into fiber mats. The fibers are fused to one another to provide a welded porous mat. The welded porous mat is filled with proton conducting electrolyte, such as PFSA polymer, to generate a proton conducting composite membrane. The resulting proton conducting fuel cell membrane comprises a randomly oriented, three dimensional interlinked fiber lattice structure filled with proton conducting electrolyte, such as PFSA polymer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating low EW, water insoluble electrolyte materials includes providing a perfluorinated polymer resin that includes perfluorinated carbon-carbon backbone chain and sulfonyl fluoride ended perfluorinated side chains, extending from the perfluorinated backbone chains via an ether linkage, exposing the perfluorinated polymer resin to ammonia gas to convert the sulfonyl fluoride groups to sulfonamide groups, —SO2—NH2, which reacts with sulfonyl fluoride containing chemical agent(s) to form sulfonimide groups, and at the same time, generates low EW, 3-dimensional cross-linked, water-insoluble perfluorinated polymer electrolyte materials.