Abstract: Photocatalytic structures having a capillary-force based electrolyte delivery system are provided. Also provided are photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic cells incorporating the structures and methods for using the cells to generate hydrogen and/or oxygen from water. The photocatalytic structures use an electrolyte-transporting strip comprising a porous network of cellulose nanofibers to transport electrolyte from a body of the electrolyte to a porous photoelectrode or a porous photocatalytic substrate via capillary force.

Abstract: Processes, methods, and compositions for synthesizing carbon-based materials are provided. The method of synthesizing carbon-based materials includes providing precursors, forming carbon-encapsulated metal structures from the precursors, and forming nano-shell structure-based graphene materials from the carbon-encapsulated metal structures. The precursors are formed from a biomass and a catalyst, and may be pretreated prior to the forming of the carbon-encapsulated metal structures.

Abstract: Highly porous, lightweight, and sustainable hybrid organic aerogels with ultra-low densities and excellent material properties and methods for preparing them are provided, including, e.g., PVA/CNF/GONS, RF/CNF/GONS, and PVA/CNF/MWCNT. The aerogels are modified to have a super-hydrophobic surface, thus leading to an extremely low swelling ratio and rate of moisture absorption.

Abstract: Embodiments of the presently-disclosed subject matter include methods for synthesizing carbon nanomaterials from a lignin and/or source thereof. Exemplary methods comprise a process of thermal treating a lignin and/or source thereof in the presence of a catalyst to synthesize graphene nanosheets.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and an apparatus for controlling memory startup, and relate to the field of memory control technologies. The present invention is not limited to the number of pins of a control chip, thereby reducing costs. The method is applied to a control apparatus, where the control apparatus includes a preset data segment; the preset data segment includes at least one sub data segment; and each sub data segment is corresponding to one configuration type. The method includes: reading each sub data segment in a first data segment and performing a first operation on a sub data segment corresponding to a first configuration type to obtain a second data segment; performing matching between the second data segment and the preset data segment; and starting up the memory according to the first configuration type when the second data segment matches the preset data segment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the presently-disclosed subject matter include methods for synthesizing carbon nanomaterials from a lignin and/or source thereof. Exemplary methods comprise a process of thermal treating a lignin and/or source thereof in the presence of a catalyst to synthesize graphene nanosheets.

Abstract: Photocatalytic structures having a capillary-force based electrolyte delivery system are provided. Also provided are photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic cells incorporating the structures and methods for using the cells to generate hydrogen and/or oxygen from water. The photocatalytic structures use an electrolyte-transporting strip comprising a porous network of cellulose nanofibers to transport electrolyte from a body of the electrolyte to a porous photoelectrode or a porous photocatalytic substrate via capillary force.

Abstract: Highly porous, lightweight, and sustainable organosilane-coated organic aerogels with ultra-low densities and excellent material properties and methods for preparing them are provided. The aerogels are modified to have a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface, thus leading to an extremely high affinity for oils and/or organic solvents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and an apparatus for controlling memory startup, and relate to the field of memory control technologies. The present invention is not limited to the number of pins of a control chip, thereby reducing costs. The method is applied to a control apparatus, where the control apparatus includes a preset data segment; the preset data segment includes at least one sub data segment; and each sub data segment is corresponding to one configuration type. The method includes: reading each sub data segment in a first data segment and performing a first operation on a sub data segment corresponding to a first configuration type to obtain a second data segment; performing matching between the second data segment and the preset data segment; and starting up the memory according to the first configuration type when the second data segment matches the preset data segment.

Abstract: Highly porous, lightweight, and sustainable hybrid organic aerogels with ultra-low densities and excellent material properties and methods for preparing them are provided, including, e.g., PVA/CNF/GONS, RF/CNF/GONS, and PVA/CNF/MWCNT. The aerogels are modified to have a super-hydrophobic surface, thus leading to an extremely low swelling ratio and rate of moisture absorption.

Abstract: The teachings provided herein are generally directed to a non-destructive method of measuring a moisture content profile across a dimension of a hygroexpansive, composite material using radiation and a volumetric shrinkage correction. The measurement of a series of moisture content profiles over time can provide, for example, a measure of the movement of moisture during the process of drying of the composite material.

Abstract: The teachings provided herein are generally directed to a non-destructive method of measuring a moisture content profile across a dimension of a hygroexpansive, composite material using radiation and a volumetric shrinkage correction. The measurement of a series of moisture content profiles over time can provide, for example, a measure of the movement of moisture during the process of drying of the composite material.