Abstract: Provided herein are methods of culturing a microorganism. The methods include providing a container comprising one or more microorganisms in a medium, which has a first carbon to nitrogen ratio; culturing the microorganisms until the culture reaches a threshold indicator; harvesting a portion of the culture while maintaining the majority of the culture in the container; and adding fresh medium comprising a second carbon to nitrogen ratio to the container with the majority of the culture comprising the microorganisms.

Abstract: A method and system for operating a signal filter device are provided in the present disclosure. The signal filter device may include M adaptive filters, M first analysis filters, M second analysis filters, and a controller. M may be an integer above two. The method may include generating, by the M first analysis filters, M first sub-band signals based on an input signal. The method may also include generating, by the M second analysis filters, M second sub-band signals based on a reference signal. The method may further include adjusting, by the controller, the working states of the M adaptive filters based on correlations between the M first sub-band signals and the M second sub-band signals.

Abstract: Network packets are pre-processed and stored in network queues based on time sensitivity and other factors. More specifically, a specific application associated with a specific session of the network packets locally at the access point is determined. An ATR is adjusted based on a priority of the application with respect to time sensitivity. Other factors include throughput capability of a wireless device.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of culturing a microorganism. The methods include providing a container comprising one or more microorganisms in a medium, which has a first carbon to nitrogen ratio; culturing the microorganisms until the culture reaches a threshold indicator; harvesting a portion of the culture while maintaining the majority of the culture in the container; and adding fresh medium comprising a second carbon to nitrogen ratio to the container with the majority of the culture comprising the microorganisms.

Abstract: A communications device includes an antenna including a radiator and a ground. A NFC circuit and the radiator are coupled at a first node; a non-NFC circuit and the radiator are coupled at a second node by using a non-NFC feeding path, the non-NFC feeding path includes two capacitors with different capacitances. The radiator forms a first part between the first node and the second node. The radiator includes a second part, one end of the second part is coupled to the ground, and the other end is connected to the first part. An electrical length of the second part is less than a quarter wavelength corresponding to a resonance frequency of a low frequency signal, and the electrical length of the second part is greater than an electrical length of the first part. The radiator includes a third part from the first node to an endpoint of the radiator.

Abstract: An electromagnetic heating smoking paraphernalia capable of evenly heating tobacco particles includes a tobacco particle heating tank, wherein the tobacco particle heating tank includes a metal inductive cylinder and a tight coil, a space between the metal inductive cylinder and the tight coil is a tobacco particle holding cavity; an end of the tobacco particle holding cavity is provided with an upper end wall, the upper end wall is provided with an upper end wall vent hole, the other end of the tobacco particle holding cavity is provided with a lower end wall, the lower end wall is provided with a lower end wall vent hole; the tight coil means that adjacent turns of the coil are tightly placed close to each other in a longitudinal axial direction without a gap; an inner wall of the metal inductive cylinder is provided with an inner wall vent hole.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing oils with reduced saturated fatty acids. The methods include culturing oil-producing microorganisms in a fermentation medium in the presence of one or more antifoaming agents under a controlled carbon consumption rate, wherein the culturing produces oils comprising fatty acids and wherein less than 35% of the fatty acids in the oil are saturated fatty acids.

Abstract: A communications device includes an antenna including a radiator and a ground. A NFC circuit and the radiator are coupled at a first node; a non-NFC circuit and the radiator are coupled at a second node by using a non-NFC feeding path, the non-NFC feeding path includes two capacitors with different capacitances. The radiator forms a first part between the first node and the second node. The radiator includes a second part, one end of the second part is coupled to the ground, and the other end is connected to the first part. An electrical length of the second part is less than a quarter wavelength corresponding to a resonance frequency of a low frequency signal, and the electrical length of the second part is greater than an electrical length of the first part. The radiator includes a third part from the first node to an endpoint of the radiator.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for evaluating the aerosol mass of electronic cigarettes, comprising the following steps: (1) Measurement: an electronic cigarette is smoked to measure the particle size distribution and the particle numbers in the generated aerosol, and measure the volume flow rate C of the aerosol and the testing time t; (2) Data processing: based on the particle size distribution and number, the aerosol particles are classified with classifying diameter di, and the corresponding average number concentrations n of the particles to classifying diameters di are calculated; and (3) the generated aerosol mass is calculated according to the calculation formula for the aerosol mass of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cigarette smoking device having an electronic atomization function, including a cigarette holder and an electronic atomization component cooperatively assembled with one another, wherein the cigarette holder includes a cigarette holding cavity and an optional end cap for closing the open end of a shell; the electronic atomization component includes the shell and the following components located in the shell: a power supply, an airflow sensor switch and an atomizer provided with a central airflow channel; the cigarette holding cavity is in air communication with the central airflow channel of the atomizer; the cigarette smoking device further includes an airflow sensor switch air inlet penetrating the shell and/or the end cap of the cigarette holder. Also provided is a method for improving cigarette smoking quality, the method includes smoking after mainstream smoke generated by an end-lighting cigarette, dilution air and atomization vapor are mixed.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing oils with reduced saturated fatty acids. The methods include culturing oil-producing microorganisms in a fermentation medium in the presence of one or more antifoaming agents under a controlled carbon consumption rate, wherein the culturing produces oils comprising fatty acids and wherein less than 35% of the fatty acids in the oil are saturated fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cigarette smoking device having an electronic atomization function, including a cigarette holder and an electronic atomization component cooperatively assembled with one another, wherein the cigarette holder includes a cigarette holding cavity and an optional end cap for closing the open end of a shell; the electronic atomization component includes the shell and the following components located in the shell: a power supply, an airflow sensor switch and an atomizer provided with a central airflow channel; the cigarette holding cavity is in air communication with the central airflow channel of the atomizer; the cigarette smoking device further includes an airflow sensor switch air inlet penetrating the shell and/or the end cap of the cigarette holder. Also provided is a method for improving cigarette smoking quality, the method includes smoking after mainstream smoke generated by an end-lighting cigarette, dilution air and atomization vapor are mixed.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of producing oils with reduced saturated fatty acids. The methods include culturing oil-producing microorganisms in a fermentation medium in the presence of one or more antifoaming agents under a controlled carbon consumption rate, wherein the culturing produces oils comprising fatty acids and wherein less than 35% of the fatty acids in the oil are saturated fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for evaluating the aerosol mass of electronic cigarettes, comprising the following steps: (1) Measurement: an electronic cigarette is smoked to measure the particle size distribution and the particle numbers in the generated aerosol, and measure the volume flow rate C of the aerosol and the testing time t; (2) Data processing: based on the particle size distribution and number, the aerosol particles are classified with classifying diameter di, and the corresponding average number concentrations n of the particles to classifying diameters di are calculated; and (3) the generated aerosol mass is calculated according to the calculation formula for the aerosol mass of the invention.

Abstract: Provided is a method of culturing one or more microorganisms. The method includes culturing one or more microorganisms in a medium comprising crude glycerol at a first concentration level, feeding to the media an additional amount of crude glycerol, once the first concentration of glycerol is reduced to a first threshold level, at a concentration sufficient to achieve the first concentration level, monitoring the crude glycerol concentration until the first concentration level of the crude glycerol is reduced to the first threshold level. The steps may be repeated until a desired microorganism cell density is achieved.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of culturing a microorganism. The methods include providing a container comprising one or more microorganisms in a medium, which has a first carbon to nitrogen ratio; culturing the microorganisms until the culture reaches a threshold indicator; harvesting a portion of the culture while maintaining the majority of the culture in the container; and adding fresh medium comprising a second carbon to nitrogen ratio to the container with the majority of the culture comprising the microorganisms.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of culturing a microorganism. The method includes providing a container comprising one or more microorganisms and medium, wherein the microorganisms and medium form a start volume. The microorganisms and medium are cultured until the culture reaches a threshold indicator, wherein culturing comprises feeding one or more carbon sources to the culture and wherein the culture is at a threshold volume when the threshold indicator is reached. The method also includes harvesting a portion of the threshold volume to leave a residual volume that is 40% or less of the start volume and adding fresh medium to the container in an amount to return the volume of the culture to the start volume.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for producing one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids. The methods include the steps of providing a microorganism capable of producing polyunsaturated fatty acids, providing a medium comprising a high concentration of one or more carbon sources, low pH, or both, and culturing the microorganism in the medium under sufficient conditions to produce the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also provided are methods of culturing one or more microorganisms. The methods include culturing the microorganisms in a medium comprising a first amount of one or more carbon sources at a first concentration level, monitoring a carbon source concentration until the carbon source concentration is reduced below the first concentration level, and adding to the medium a second amount of one or more carbon sources to increase the carbon source concentration to a second concentration level.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (MCL-PHA) with a selected ratio of monomers. A method of controlling the ratio of monomers in MCL-PHA is also provided which includes fermenting naturally occurring microorganisms with a fatty acid substrate, a food source and an additive. The methods provided do not sacrifice cell growth and maintenance and provide high yields of MCL-PHAs. MCL-PHAs are provided that are copolymers of Cn and Cn?2 monomers, where (n is 6-18).

Abstract: A method is provided for producing medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (MCL-PHA) with a selected ratio of monomers. A method of controlling the ratio of monomers in MCL-PHA is also provided which includes fermenting naturally occurring microorganisms with a fatty acid substrate, a food source and an additive. The methods provided do not sacrifice cell growth and maintenance and provide high yields of MCL-PHAs. MCL-PHAs are provided that are copolymers of Cn and Cn-2 monomers, where (n is 6-18).