Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a multi-stage process for upgrading pyrolysis oil comprising polyaromatic compounds to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) includes upgrading the pyrolysis oil in a slurry-phase reactor zone to produce intermediate products, wherein the slurry-phase reactor zone comprises a mixed metal oxide catalyst; and hydrocracking the intermediate products in a fixed-bed reactor zone to produce the BTEX, wherein the fixed-bed reactor zone comprises a mesoporous zeolite-supported metal catalyst.

Abstract: Processes for producing olefins include integration of steam cracking with a dual catalyst metathesis process. The processes include steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed to form a cracking reaction effluent containing butenes, separating the cracking reaction effluent to produce a cracking C4 effluent including normal butenes, isobutene, and 1,3-butadiene, subjecting the cracking C4 effluent to selective hydrogenation to convert 1,3-butadiene in the cracking C4 effluent to normal butenes, removing isobutene from a hydrogenation effluent to produce a metathesis feed containing normal butenes, and contacting the metathesis feed with a metathesis catalyst and a cracking catalyst directly downstream of the metathesis catalyst to produce a metathesis reaction effluent.

Abstract: A catalytic upgrading process includes introducing a feed comprising crude oil to a first catalytic deasphalting reactor to deasphalt the feed, thereby producing polymerized asphaltenes and deasphalted oil (DAO). The DAO is introduced to a steam cracking unit, thereby producing pyrolysis gas (PG), which is introduced into a selective hydrogenation unit, thereby producing an olefin-free product, which can then be introduced to a separation unit. The resulting benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX)-containing stream and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) are separated, and the BTX-containing stream is introduced to a BTX complex to produce refined BTX. After deasphalting, a wash solvent may be introduced into the first catalytic deasphalting reactor to remove the polymerized asphaltenes, regenerate the catalyst, and produce a mixture comprising the wash solvent and the polymerized asphaltenes. The wash solvent is separated from the polymerized asphaltenes.

Abstract: A method for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a pyrolysis oil feed with hydrogen in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst in a first slurry reactor, where: the pyrolysis oil feed comprises multi-ring aromatic compounds comprising greater than or equal to sixteen carbon atoms, and contacting the pyrolysis oil feed with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst in the first slurry reactor to convert at least a portion of the multi-ring aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil feed to light aromatic compounds comprising di-aromatic compounds, tri-aromatic compounds, or both, passing an intermediate stream comprising the light aromatic compounds to a second slurry reactor downstream of the first slurry reactor; and contacting the intermediate stream with hydrogen in the presence of a mesoporous zeolite supported metal catalyst in a second slurry reactor.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing epoxide gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C4 stream to form a butene-rich C4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C4 stream; and oxidizing the olefin-rich stream in an oxidation unit by combining the olefin-rich stream with an oxidant stream and a catalyst composition to produce the epoxide gasoline blending components.

Abstract: A method for producing para-xylene (PX) includes introducing a C8 aromatic-containing composition to a xylene rerun column to separate the C8 aromatic-containing composition into a xylene-containing effluent and a heavy effluent and passing the xylene-containing effluent to a PX processing loop that includes a PX recovery unit operable to separate a PX product from the xylene-containing effluent, a membrane isomerization unit operable to convert a portion of the MX, OX, or both from the xylene-containing effluent to PX, an EB dealkylation unit operable to dealkylate EB from the xylene-containing effluent to produce benzene, toluene, and other C7? compounds, and a membrane separation unit operable to produce a permeate that is PX-rich and a retentate that is PX-lean. The permeate is passed to the PX recovery unit for recovery of PX, which the retentate is bypassed around the PX recovery unit circulated through the xylene processing loop.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing epoxide gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C4 stream to form a butene-rich C4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C4 stream; and oxidizing the olefin-rich stream in an oxidation unit by combining the olefin-rich stream with an oxidant stream and a catalyst composition to produce the epoxide gasoline blending components.

Abstract: A catalytic upgrading process includes introducing a feed comprising crude oil to a first catalytic deasphalting reactor to deasphalt the feed, thereby producing polymerized asphaltenes and deasphalted oil (DAO). The DAO is introduced to a steam cracking unit, thereby producing pyrolysis gas (PG), which is introduced into a selective hydrogenation unit, thereby producing an olefin-free product, which can then be introduced to a separation unit. The resulting benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX)-containing stream and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) are separated, and the BTX-containing stream is introduced to a BTX complex to produce refined BTX. After deasphalting, a wash solvent may be introduced into the first catalytic deasphalting reactor to remove the polymerized asphaltenes, regenerate the catalyst, and produce a mixture comprising the wash solvent and the polymerized asphaltenes. The wash solvent is separated from the polymerized asphaltenes.

Abstract: A catalytic upgrading process includes introducing a feed comprising crude oil to a steam cracking unit, thereby producing pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO). The PFO is introduced to a first catalytic depolyaromatization reactor to remove polyaromatics from the feed, thereby producing polyaromatics adsorbed to the catalyst and depolyaromatized PFO. The depolyaromatized PFO is introduced to a hydrocracking unit. The resulting benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX) and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) are separated, and the BTX is introduced to a BTX complex to produce refined BTX. The LPG can then be introduced to the steam cracking unit. After depolyaromatization, a wash solvent is introduced into the first catalytic depolyaromatization reactor to remove the polyaromatics, regenerate the catalyst, and produce a mixture comprising the wash solvent and the polyaromatics. The wash solvent is separated from the polyaromatics.

Abstract: A method of producing a fuel additive includes producing a first product stream comprising butadiene by passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a steam cracker; transforming greater than or equal to 90 weight % of the butadiene in the first product stream into a second product stream by passing the first product stream through a first hydrogenation unit, wherein the second product stream comprises 1-butene, 2-butene, n-butane, isobutylene, isobutane, or a combination thereof; and converting the second product stream into the fuel additive by passing the second product stream through a fuel additive synthesis unit with an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a selective butadiene hydrogenation unit transforming greater than or equal to 90% by weight of the butadiene to 1-butene and 2-butene, preferably greater than or equal to 93%, preferably, greater than or equal to 94%, more preferably, greater than or equal to 95% producing a second process stream; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing a third process stream and the fuel additive; passing the third process stream through a total hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; and passing the hydrogenated stream to a cracker unit.

Abstract: A method of producing a fuel additive includes: passing a first process stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit producing a first recycle stream; passing the first recycle stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a second recycle stream; passing the second recycle stream through a recycle hydrogenation unit and a deisobutanizer unit; and recycling the second recycle stream to the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit.

Abstract: A system for upgrading pyrolysis oil may include a pyrolysis upgrading unit having a mixed metal oxide catalyst and a separation unit operable to separate used mixed metal oxide catalyst from a reaction effluent. A method for upgrading pyrolysis oil may include contacting the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst at reaction conditions to produce a reaction effluent. The pyrolysis oil may include multi-ring aromatic compounds. The mixed metal oxide catalyst may include a plurality of catalyst particles and each of the plurality of catalyst particles having a plurality of metal oxides. Contacting the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst at the reaction conditions may convert at least a portion of the multi-ring aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil to the light aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A system for upgrading pyrolysis oil may include a pyrolysis upgrading unit having a mixed metal oxide catalyst and a separation unit operable to separate used mixed metal oxide catalyst from a reaction effluent. A method for upgrading pyrolysis oil may include contacting the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst at reaction conditions to produce a reaction effluent. The pyrolysis oil may include multi-ring aromatic compounds. The mixed metal oxide catalyst may include a plurality of catalyst particles and each of the plurality of catalyst particles having a plurality of metal oxides. Contacting the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst at the reaction conditions may convert at least a portion of the multi-ring aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil to the light aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A method for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a pyrolysis oil feed with hydrogen in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst in a slurry reactor to produce an intermediate stream comprising light aromatic compounds comprising mono-aromatic compounds, di-aromatic compounds, or both, passing the intermediate stream to a hydrocracking reactor, contacting the intermediate stream with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst in a hydrocracking reactor to produce a hydrocracking effluent comprising aromatic compounds having six to nine carbon atoms, passing the hydrocracking effluent to a transalkylation reactor, and contacting the hydrocracking effluent with hydrogen in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst in the transalkylation reactor to produce a transalkylation effluent comprising xylenes.

Abstract: A system for upgrading pyrolysis oil may include a pyrolysis upgrading unit having a mixed metal oxide catalyst and a separation unit operable to separate used mixed metal oxide catalyst from a reaction effluent. A method for upgrading pyrolysis oil may include contacting the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst at reaction conditions to produce a reaction effluent. The pyrolysis oil may include multi-ring aromatic compounds. The mixed metal oxide catalyst may include a plurality of catalyst particles and each of the plurality of catalyst particles having a plurality of metal oxides. Contacting the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst at the reaction conditions may convert at least a portion of the multi-ring aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil to the light aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Processes for producing olefins include introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a high-severity fluidized catalytic cracking system, contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a cracking catalyst under high-severity conditions in the high-severity fluidized catalytic cracking system to produce a cracking reaction effluent comprising butene, and passing at least a portion of the cracking reaction effluent, which includes at least butene, to a metathesis system. The processes further include contacting the portion of the cracking reaction effluent with a metathesis catalyst in the metathesis system, which causes at least a portion of the butene in the cracking C4 effluent to undergo a metathesis reaction to produce a metathesis reaction effluent comprising at least one of ethylene, propene, or both. The processes may further include separating a metathesis C5+ effluent from the metathesis reaction effluent and passing the metathesis C5+ effluent back to the high-severity fluidized catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing alcohol gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C4 stream to form a butene-rich C4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C4 stream; and hydrating the olefin-rich stream in a hydration unit by combining the olefin-rich stream with a water stream and a catalyst composition to produce the alcohol gasoline blending components.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing epoxide gasoline blending components includes cracking, in a steam cracker, a hydrocarbon feed to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene; reacting, in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit, the C4 stream with a methanol stream to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C4 stream; selectively hydrogenating, in a butadiene unit, the butadiene-rich C4 stream to form a butene-rich C4 stream including butene-1, cis-butene-2, and trans-butene-2; producing, in an isononanol unit, isononanol and an olefin-rich stream from the butene-rich C4 stream; and hydrogenating the olefin-rich stream by combining the olefin-rich stream with a hydrogen stream and a catalyst composition to produce the paraffins.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a catalyst system that reduces polymeric fouling may include at least one chromium compound, at least one aluminum compound, and at least one antifouling agent or a derivative thereof. The antifouling agent may have a structure including a central aluminum molecule bound to an R1 group, bound to an R2 group, and bound to an R3 group. One or more of the chemical groups R1, R2, and R3 may be antifouling groups having the structure —O((CH2)nO)mR4, a phosphonium or phosphonium salt, a sulfonate or sulfonate salt, a sulfonium or sulfonium salt, an ester, an anhydride, a polyether, or a long-chained amine-capped compound, where n is an integer from 1 to 20, m is an integer from 1 to 100, and R4 is a hydrocarbyl group. The chemical groups R1, R2, or R3 that do not include an antifouling group, if any, may be hydrocarbyl groups.