Abstract: A method determines corrected TRP or TIS of an AUT in a near-field test chamber, the AUT having a phase center offset from a rotation center of the test chamber. The method includes performing EIRP or EIS measurements of the AUT at first sampling grid points on a first closed-surface geometric shape centered at the rotation center; mapping second sampling grid points to the first closed-surface geometric shape to provide mapped sampling grid points on the first closed-surface geometric shape, where the second sampling grid points are on a second closed-surface geometric shape centered at the phase center of the AUT; determining estimated EIRPs or EISs at the mapped sampling grid points using the EIRP or EIS measurements; scaling the estimated EIRPs or EISs at the mapped sampling grid points to provide scaled EIRPs or EISs; and calculating the corrected TRP or TIS based on the scaled EIRPs or EISs.

Abstract: A method determines corrected TRP or TIS of an AUT in a near-field test chamber, the AUT having a phase center offset from a rotation center of the test chamber. The method includes performing EIRP or EIS measurements of the AUT at first sampling grid points on a first closed-surface geometric shape centered at the rotation center; mapping second sampling grid points to the first closed-surface geometric shape to provide mapped sampling grid points on the first closed-surface geometric shape, where the second sampling grid points are on a second closed-surface geometric shape centered at the phase center of the AUT; determining estimated EIRPs or EISs at the mapped sampling grid points using the EIRP or EIS measurements; scaling the estimated EIRPs or EISs at the mapped sampling grid points to provide scaled EIRPs or EISs; and calculating the corrected TRP or TIS based on the scaled EIRPs or EISs.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring a power radiated pattern of an incident radio frequency (RF) signal indicating spatial distribution characteristics of a device under test (DUT). The system includes multiple antenna elements arranged in an array, where the antenna elements include antennas and diodes coupled to the antennas, respectively. Each antenna has a radar cross-section (RCS) that is too small for the antenna elements to operate in a reflect mode. Each diode is zero biased, such that the diodes receive the incident RF signal through the antennas to which the diodes are respectively coupled, and rectify the incident RF signal to DC voltages that are proportional to power of the incident RF signal, enabling the antenna elements to operate in a detect mode.

Abstract: A power tool includes a tool housing and a motor assembly received in the tool housing. The motor assembly has a rear end portion, a front end portion, and a motor output shaft. A transmission housing is coupled to the motor housing with a transmission received in the transmission housing, to which the motor output shaft is drivingly coupled. A partition assembly includes a rear cover covering a rear end portion of the transmission housing that faces the front end portion of the motor and a seal. The rear cover of the transmission housing, the front end portion of the motor, and the seal together define at least a first labyrinth path and a second labyrinth path therebetween configured to inhibit grease or dust migration between the transmission housing and the motor assembly.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to determine at least one of equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) or effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) of an antenna under test (AUT) in a test chamber, the AUT including an antenna array with an array phase center that is offset from a center of a quiet zone of the test chamber. The method includes performing a local beam peak direction scan of an antenna pattern of the AUT using a probe antenna located at laterally offset positions at a near-field distance from the AUT to determine a beam peak direction; performing EIRP and/or EIS near-field measurements of the AUT in the determined beam peak direction using the probe antenna located at near-field distances from the AUT in a radial direction; deriving a far-field equivalent of the EIRP and/or EIS near-field measurement along the determined beam peak direction; and deriving the beam peak direction of the AUT.

Abstract: A power tool includes a tool housing and a motor assembly received in the tool housing. The motor assembly has a rear end portion, a front end portion, and a motor output shaft. A transmission housing is coupled to the motor housing with a transmission received in the transmission housing, to which the motor output shaft is drivingly coupled. A partition assembly includes a rear cover covering a rear end portion of the transmission housing that faces the front end portion of the motor and a seal. The rear cover of the transmission housing, the front end portion of the motor, and the seal together define at least a first labyrinth path and a second labyrinth path therebetween configured to inhibit grease or dust migration between the transmission housing and the motor assembly.

Abstract: A power tool includes a tool housing and a motor assembly received in the tool housing. The motor assembly has a rear end portion, a front end portion, and a motor output shaft. A transmission housing is coupled to the motor housing with a transmission received in the transmission housing, to which the motor output shaft is drivingly coupled. A partition assembly includes a rear cover covering a rear end portion of the transmission housing that faces the front end portion of the motor and a seal. The rear cover of the transmission housing, the front end portion of the motor, and the seal together define at least a first labyrinth path and a second labyrinth path therebetween configured to inhibit grease or dust migration between the transmission housing and the motor assembly.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to determine at least one of equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) or effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) of an antenna under test (AUT) in a test chamber, the AUT including an antenna array with an array phase center that is offset from a center of a quiet zone of the test chamber. The method includes performing a local beam peak direction scan of an antenna pattern of the AUT using a probe antenna located at laterally offset positions at a near-field distance from the AUT to determine a beam peak direction; performing EIRP and/or EIS near-field measurements of the AUT in the determined beam peak direction using the probe antenna located at near-field distances from the AUT in a radial direction; deriving a far-field equivalent of the EIRP and/or EIS near-field measurement along the determined beam peak direction; and deriving the beam peak direction of the AUT.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to determine equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) and/or signal quality of a DUT in a test chamber, where the DUT has an AUT that has beam-forming capability and is offset from a center of a quiet zone of the test chamber. The method includes establishing a connection with the DUT using a far-field probe antenna in a far-field of the test chamber relative to the AUT so that the AUT forms a beam in a beam peak direction towards the far-field probe antenna; locking the beam of the AUT in the beam peak direction to prevent subsequent beam forming; and performing a near-field measurement of the EIRP, the EIS and/or the signal quality of the AUT with the beam locked in the beam peak direction using a near-field probe antenna in a near-field of the test chamber.

Abstract: A multilevel triggering system includes a trigger block library configured to store multiple triggering function modules for performing triggering functions to detect corresponding triggering conditions, respectively; and a triggering matrix including multiple triggering levels, each triggering level being configurable to include one or more trigger blocks and each trigger block being configurable to implement a triggering function module of the multiple triggering function modules, each trigger block generating a corresponding block trigger when the corresponding triggering condition of the triggering function module implemented by the trigger block is detected in a portion of an input signal. Each triggering level is configured to generate a corresponding level trigger when each of the one or more trigger blocks in the triggering level generates the corresponding block trigger.

Abstract: A method is provided for testing an antenna array of a DUT using a probe antenna, the antenna array including multiple antenna elements. The method includes providing a correction table that includes predetermined correction data of differences between far field antenna patterns from different positions in a far field of the antenna array and a middle field antenna pattern from a position in a middle field of the antenna array, where the middle field satisfies near field criteria for the antenna array and satisfies far field criteria for each antenna element in the antenna array; measuring an antenna pattern at a first position in the middle field of the antenna array; retrieving predetermined correction data from the correction table corresponding to a second position located in the far field of the antenna array; and translating the measured antenna pattern to the far field by adding the retrieved predetermined correction data.

Abstract: A method for testing an antenna array uses a probe antenna to measure an RF signal antenna pattern of the antenna array. The method includes measuring the RF signal antenna pattern at a first position and at a second position relative to the antenna array. The first position and the second position are located at different distances from the antenna array in a middle field of the antenna array. The middle field satisfies near field criteria for the antenna array and also satisfies far field criteria for each antenna element of the plurality of antenna elements in the antenna array. The method further includes determining, based on the first measurement and based on the second measurement, the RF signal antenna pattern at a third position relative to the antenna array located in a far field of the antenna array.

Abstract: A power tool includes a tool housing and a motor assembly received in the tool housing. The motor assembly has a rear end portion, a front end portion, and a motor output shaft. A transmission housing is coupled to the motor housing with a transmission received in the transmission housing, to which the motor output shaft is drivingly coupled. A partition assembly includes a rear cover covering a rear end portion of the transmission housing that faces the front end portion of the motor and a seal. The rear cover of the transmission housing, the front end portion of the motor, and the seal together define at least a first labyrinth path and a second labyrinth path therebetween configured to inhibit grease or dust migration between the transmission housing and the motor assembly.

Abstract: A power tool includes a tool housing and a motor assembly received in the tool housing. The motor assembly has a rear end portion, a front end portion, and a motor output shaft. A transmission housing is coupled to the motor housing with a transmission received in the transmission housing, to which the motor output shaft is drivingly coupled. A partition assembly includes a rear cover covering a rear end portion of the transmission housing that faces the front end portion of the motor and a seal. The rear cover of the transmission housing, the front end portion of the motor, and the seal together define at least a first labyrinth path and a second labyrinth path therebetween configured to inhibit grease or dust migration between the transmission housing and the motor assembly.

Abstract: A power tool includes a tool housing and a motor assembly received in the tool housing. The motor assembly has a rear end portion, a front end portion, and a motor output shaft. A transmission housing is coupled to the motor housing with a transmission received in the transmission housing, to which the motor output shaft is drivingly coupled. A partition assembly includes a rear cover covering a rear end portion of the transmission housing that faces the front end portion of the motor. The rear cover of the transmission housing and the front end portion of the motor together define at least a first labyrinth path and a second labyrinth path therebetween configured to inhibit grease or dust migration between the transmission housing and the motor assembly.

Abstract: A system and a method to determine beam dynamics and multi-user performance of a base station having an antenna array including multiple antenna elements are disclosed. The system includes a measurement probe antenna positioned in a mid-field of the antenna array, a reference antenna having a fixed position with respect to the base station antenna array, and a coupling probe array including multiple coupling probe antennas positioned in a reactive field of the base station antenna array for coupling RF signals of the antenna elements to selected coupling probe antennas to form a high dimension radiation channel matrix between the antenna array and the coupling probe array. The system further includes a channel emulator configured to receive the measured antenna element patterns from the measurement probe antenna, to receive the RF signals coupled to the selected coupling probe antennas, to provide bi-directional channel models of channels between the base station and user devices.

Abstract: A multilevel triggering system includes a trigger block library configured to store multiple triggering function modules for performing triggering functions to detect corresponding triggering conditions, respectively; and a triggering matrix including multiple triggering levels, each triggering level being configurable to include one or more trigger blocks and each trigger block being configurable to implement a triggering function module of the multiple triggering function modules, each trigger block generating a corresponding block trigger when the corresponding triggering condition of the triggering function module implemented by the trigger block is detected in a portion of an input signal. Each triggering level is configured to generate a corresponding level trigger when each of the one or more trigger blocks in the triggering level generates the corresponding block trigger.

Abstract: A multilevel triggering system of a signal analysis instrument outputs a complex trigger signal. The triggering system includes a trigger controlled buffer for receiving and buffering an input signal, triggering function modules, and a triggering matrix. Each triggering function module performs a corresponding triggering function for detecting a corresponding triggering condition. The triggering matrix includes multiple triggering levels, each of which is configurable to include at least one trigger block and each trigger block being configurable to implement one of the triggering function modules. Each trigger block generates a corresponding block trigger when the triggering condition of the corresponding triggering function module is detected in the buffered input signal.

Abstract: A method for testing an antenna array uses a probe antenna to measure an RF signal antenna pattern of the antenna array. The method includes measuring the RF signal antenna pattern at a first position and at a second position relative to the antenna array. The first position and the second position are located at different distances from the antenna array in a middle field of the antenna array. The middle field satisfies near field criteria for the antenna array and also satisfies far field criteria for each antenna element of the plurality of antenna elements in the antenna array. The method further includes determining, based on the first measurement and based on the second measurement, the RF signal antenna pattern at a third position relative to the antenna array located in a far field of the antenna array.

Abstract: A system and method determine beam dynamics and multi-user performance of a base station having an antenna array including multiple antenna elements. The system includes a measurement probe antenna positioned in a mid-field of the antenna array, a reference antenna having a fixed position with respect to the base station antenna array, and a coupling probe array including multiple coupling probe antennas positioned in a reactive field of the base station antenna array for coupling RF signals of the antenna elements to selected coupling probe antennas to form high dimension radiation channel matrix between the antenna array and the coupling probe array. The system further includes a channel emulator configured to receive the measured antenna element patterns from the measurement probe antenna, to receive the RF signals coupled to the selected coupling probe antennas, to provide bi-directional channel models of channels between the base station and user devices.