Abstract: A system for unveiling embedded targets in printed circuit board substrates includes a micro-machining device, a sensor, and a controller. The micro-machining device removes portions of an opaque layer overlaying an alignment target in a general region in which the target should be located, and the sensor senses whether the alignment target is located at selected locations where portions of the opaque layer have been removed. In response to sensing the presence or absence of an alignment target at the selected locations, the controller directs the micro-machining device to remove additional portions of the opaque layer.

Abstract: A dynamic beam splitter including a beam deflector having a plurality of operative regions, the beam deflector receiving a laser beam at a first one of the plurality of operative regions and providing a selectable number of output beam segments in response to a control input signal.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate includes a laser energy source providing at least two laser beams, wherein each of the beams is steered to an independently selectable location on a target, and is independently focused onto the target.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for detecting an effect of interactions of electromagnetic radiation with ultrasound radiation at different locations within a region of interest in a scattering medium to thereby enable imaging of said medium. A plurality of sequences of pulses of ultrasound radiation is transmitted towards a plurality of locations, respectively, in said region of interest within an X-Y plane perpendicular to axes of propagation of the ultrasound pulses. Said region of interest is illuminated with incident electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength. The phases of the ultrasound radiation or the phases of the electromagnetic radiation components are appropriately controlled in order to be enable identification of the interactions between the electromagnetic and ultrasound radiation that occur at different locations along the Z-axis.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A method and processing device are presented for reconstructing an absorption and/or scattering image of a region of interest inside a scattering medium. A mathematical model is provided being representative of a relation between the distribution of the intensity and phase of electromagnetic radiation components scattered from a medium and a certain attenuation factor, which is function of spatial variations of scattering and absorption coefficients of the medium. The mathematical is used for processing a map of distribution of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation components scattered from known locations within the region of interest, thereby producing a halftone pattern of the region of interest.

Abstract: A system and method for micromachining substrates containing glass employing a UV laser beam generated by outputting a sub-1000 nm pulsed laser beam that is frequency converted by third harmonic generation to have a wavelength within the range of 285 nm to 333 nm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for detecting an effect of interactions of electromagnetic radiation with ultrasound radiation at different locations within a region of interest in a scattering medium to thereby enable imaging of said medium. A plurality of sequences of pulses of ultrasound radiation is transmitted towards a plurality of locations, respectively, in said region of interest within an X-Y plane perpendicular to axes of propagation of the ultrasound pulses. Said region of interest is illuminated with incident electromagnetic radiation of at least one wavelength. The phases of the ultrasound radiation or the phases of the electromagnetic radiation components are appropriately controlled in order to be enable identification of the interactions between the electromagnetic and ultrasound radiation that occur at different locations along the Z-axis.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the oxygenation level of hemoglobin in a probed region of the human body. A probed region of the body is irradiated with diffuse light, the frequency of which is shifted with ultrasound focused at the probed region. The relation between the two states of the oxygenation of the hemoglobin is determined by the light absorption at the focal region of the ultrasound. The blood volume may be monitored by irradiating the probed region with light at the isosbestic point.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A system and method for micromachining substrates containing glass employing a UV laser beam generated by outputting a sub-1000 nm pulsed laser beam that is frequency converted by third harmonic generation to have a wavelength within the range of 285 nm to 333 nm.

Abstract: A system for unveiling embedded targets in printed circuit board substrates includes a micro-machining device, a sensor, and a controller. The micro-machining device removes portions of an opaque layer overlaying an alignment target in a general region in which the target should be located, and the sensor senses whether the alignment target is located at selected locations where portions of the opaque layer have been removed. In response to sensing the presence or absence of an alignment target at the selected locations, the controller directs the micro-machining device to remove additional portions of the opaque layer.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: Method of making a three-dimensional photonic band-gap crystal, in which a three-dimensional structure is built by successively forming a plurality of superimposed layers of photosensitive chalcogenide and creating a predetermined grating on each of them. A layer of photoresist is superimposed on each chalcogenide layer. The chalcogenide glasses are chosen among those that are photosensitive, have a high refractive index, a high ratio of high etching speed to low etching speed of at least 10. The refractive index of the glasses may be higher than 2.5. The ratio of high etching speed to low etching speed of the glasses may be at least 10.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A system for delivering energy to a substrate including a dynamically directable source of radiant energy providing a plurality of beams of radiation, each propagating in a dynamically selectable direction. Independently positionable beam steering elements in a plurality of beam steering elements are operative to receive the beams and direct them to selectable locations on the substrate.

Abstract: A method and a safety device for the protection of a user's eye, or other radiation sensitive system, from a pulsed radiation emitted by a radiation source by means of an electro-optical shutter used in conjunction with the radiation source. The electro-optical sutter defines the field of view of the user or of the system and is capable of being switched by an electrical voltage signal from a transparent state to an opaque state within a response time .DELTA.t.sub.r. The method comprises applying to the electro-optical shutter the electrical voltage signal at an operational time interval .DELTA.t.sub.o, prior to the emission of each radiation pulse and keeping the electro-optical shutter in its opaque state until the radiation pulse is emitted. The operational time interval .DELTA.t.sub.o is at least slightly longer than the response time .DELTA.t.sub.r so that, by the time of emission of each radiation pulse, the electro-optical shutter is in its opaque state.