Efficient non-interfering multi-radar transmission scheme
A vehicle, radar system of the vehicle and method of operating a radar system. The radar system includes a first sensor that generates a first chirp signal; a second sensor for generating a second chirp signal and which received reflected signals. One of the first sensor and second sensor receives a signal that includes a first reflected signal related to the first chirp signal and a second reflected signal related to the second chirp signal. A processor multiplies the received signal by one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal to obtain a desired signal indicative of one of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal and an interference signal indicative of the other of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, and applies a filter to the mixed signal to separate the interference signal from the desired signal.
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The subject disclosure relates to a method of operating a radar array on a vehicle and, in particular, a vehicular radar array and method of operation that reduces interference due to a plurality of reflected signals received at a receiver of the radar array.
Radar systems used in vehicles often include a plurality of sensors, often in transmitter-receiver pairs, arranged in an array on the vehicle. In basic operation, a sensor will transmits a test pulse into a volume or region surrounding the vehicle and receive a reflection of the test pulse from an object in the volume or region. Calculations of range, velocity, azimuth angle of the object can then be determined from the reflected signals. However, at least some of the sensors can share a same field-of-view and therefore can receive each other's reflected pulses. Interference occurs when a reflection received at one sensor is due to reflection of a test pulse generated by a different sensor. This type of interference increases with the number of sensors having a shared field-of-view.
Methods of reducing interference include time-division multiplexing, in which sensors take turns transmitting their respective test pulses so that the test pulses do not overlap in time, and frequency division multiplexing, in which each sensor transmits a test pulse having a different frequency. Time-division multiplexing suffers from inefficient power utilization at the transmitters as well as slower data acquisition rates. Frequency division multiplexing uses up the frequency bandwidth of the radar system at the expense of range resolution and can provide a poor estimation of an angle of arrival of an object.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a method and radar system that can remove or reduce the effects of interfering reflections without resorting to time-division multiplexing or frequency-division multiplexing.
SUMMARYIn one exemplary embodiment, a method of operating a radar system having an array of sensors is disclosed. The method includes receiving a signal at a sensor of the radar system that includes a first reflected signal and a second reflected signal, wherein the first reflected signal is formed by reflection from an object of a first chirp signal transmitted by the sensor, and the second reflected signal is related to a second transmitted chirp signal, mixing the first chirp signal with the received signal to obtain a desired signal indicative of the first reflected signal and an interference signal indicative of the second reflected chirp signal; and applying a filter to separate the desired signal from the interference signal.
In one embodiment, a time interval between a time at which the first chirp signal is generated and a time at which the second chirp signal is generated is less than a time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal. In another embodiment, the time interval between a time at which the first chirp signal is generated and a time at which the second chirp signal is a pseudo-randomly generated time interval greater than twice a maximal expected duration between transmission of a chirp signal from a sensor and reception at the sensor of a reflection related to the chirp signal. In another embodiment, a time delay between the first chirp signal and the first reflected signal is less than a time delay between the first chirp signal and the second reflected signal.
In various embodiments, the filter is a low pass filter. A cut-off frequency of the low pass filter is related to half the time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal. In one embodiment, the time interval between the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal is a pseudo-random time interval to reduce an ambiguity between Doppler effects and angle of arrival effects at the sensor.
In another exemplary embodiment, a radar system for a vehicle is disclosed. The radar system includes a first sensor for generating a first chirp signal, a second sensor for generating a second chirp signal, and a processor. The processor is configured to receive a signal at one of the first sensor and the second sensor, the received signal including a first reflected signal formed by reflection of the first chirp signal from an object and a second reflected signal formed by reflection of the second chirp signal from the object, multiply the received signal by one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal to obtain a desired signal indicative of one of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal and an interference signal indicative of the other of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, and apply a filter to the mixed signal to separate the interference signal from the desired signal.
In one embodiment, a time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal a time at which the second sensor generates the second chirp signal is less than a time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal. In another embodiment, the time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal and a time at which the second sensors generates the second chirp signal is a pseudo-randomly generated time interval greater than twice a maximal expected duration between transmission of a chirp signal from a sensor and reception at the sensor of a reflection related to the chirp signal. In another embodiment, a time delay between the first chirp signal and the first reflected signal is less than a time delay between the first chirp signal and the second reflected signal.
In one embodiment, the filter is a low pass filter and a cut-off frequency of the low pass filter is related to half the time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal. In one embodiment, the time interval between the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal is a pseudo-random time interval to reduce an ambiguity between Doppler effects and angle of arrival effects at the sensor.
In yet another exemplary embodiment, a vehicle is disclosed. The vehicle includes a first sensor for generating a first chirp signal, a second sensor for generating a second chirp signal, and a processor. The processor is configured to receive a signal at one of the first sensor and the second sensor, the received signal including a first reflected signal formed by reflection of the first chirp signal from an object and a second reflected signal formed by reflection of the second chirp signal from the object, multiply the received signal by one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal to obtain a desired signal indicative of one of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal and an interference signal indicative of the other of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, and apply a filter to the mixed signal to separate the interference signal from the desired signal.
In one embodiment, a time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal a time at which the second sensor generates the second chirp signal is less than a time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal. In another embodiment, the time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal and a time at which the second sensors generates the second chirp signal is a pseudo-randomly generated time interval greater than twice a maximal expected duration between transmission of a chirp signal from a sensor and reception at the sensor of a reflection related to the chirp signal. In another embodiment, a time delay between the first chirp signal and the first reflected signal is less than a time delay between the first chirp signal and the second reflected signal.
In one embodiment, the filter is a low pass filter. A cut-off frequency of the low pass filter is related to half the time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal. In one embodiment, the processor is changes a trajectory of the vehicle with respect to the object based on radar parameters determined from the desired signal.
The above features and advantages, and other features and advantages of the disclosure are readily apparent from the following detailed description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Other features, advantages and details appear, by way of example only, in the following detailed description, the detailed description referring to the drawings in which:
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, its application or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment,
The vehicle 100 includes a central processor 102 for performing the various methods of data acquisition, data processing and vehicle navigation disclosed herein. The central processor 102 controls operation of the array of sensors 108a, 108b and 108c to generate test pulses 112 by at least one of the sensors 108a, 108b, 108c and to receive and process reflections 114a, 114b, 114c from the one or more objects 120. The processor 102 performs various methods for determining radar parameters of the one or more objects 120, such as its range, relative velocity, angular location, etc.
For illustrative purposes,
The processor 102 is further in communication with various internal state sensors 110 of the vehicle 100. The internal state sensors 110 measure various parameters of the vehicle 100, including, but not limited to, a speed of the vehicle 100, a location of the vehicle, a braking parameter indicative of a state of the braking system of the vehicle 100, an acceleration parameter indicative of a propulsion state of the vehicle 100, a steering parameter of the vehicle 100, etc. The processor 102 is further in communication with various actuator devices 111 of the vehicle 100 and can provide a control signal to one or more of the actuator devices 111 in order to control the operation of the vehicle 100 in response to various calculations with respect to the environment and/or the object 120. The various actuator devices 111 include, but are not limited to, a steering actuation device for steering the vehicle 100 in response to a steering signal from the processor 102, an accelerator for providing acceleration to the vehicle 100 in response to an acceleration signal from the processor 102, a braking device for decelerating the vehicle 100 in response to a braking signal from the processor 102. In another embodiment, the processor 102 may provide information about the environment and/or object 120 to a display to alert a vehicle's driver to the object.
The processor 102 is in communication with a memory storage device 104 that includes various programs 106 that, when executed by the processor 102, enable the processor 102 to perform the various methods disclosed herein. In one aspect the programs 106 enable the processor 102 to identify and remove an interference signal from among a plurality of signals received at a sensor, leaving a desired signal. The programs 106 further enables the processor 102 to determine various parameters of an object 120 such as range, relative velocity, angular location, etc. with respect to the vehicle 100 from the desired signal. The processor 102 can determine from an internal state of the vehicle 100 (as measured by internal state sensors 110) and the determined radar parameters of the object 120, a predicted trajectory of the vehicle 100 with respect to the object 120 as well as a predicted outcome along the predicted trajectory, such as a probability of impact with the object 120. The processor can redirect the vehicle 100 based on the predicted outcome to change the trajectory, thereby obtaining a different outcome, such as avoiding the predicted impact. The processor 102 activates the various actuator devices 111 of the vehicle 100 to redirect the vehicle 100.
The chart 200 further shows a first reflected signal R1 and a second reflected signal R2. The first reflected signal R1 is related to the first transmitted signal T1 in that it is a reflection of the first transmitted signal T1 from an object. Similarly, the second reflected signal R2 is related to the second transmitted signal T2 in that it is a reflection of the first transmitted signal T2 from the object. The first reflected signal R1 is first received at time tR1, i.e., the first frequencies of the first reflected signal R1 are received at a sensor at time tR1. Similarly, the second reflected signal R2 is received at a time tR2, i.e. the first frequencies of the second reflected signal R2 are received at a sensor at time tR2. A time delay (ΔtR1T1=tR1−tT1) between generation of the first transmitted signal T1 and reception of the first reflected signal R1 is due to a round-trip travel time of the test pulse (T1) from the object 120. Similarly, a time delay (ΔtR2T2=tR2−tT2) between generation of the second transmitted signal T2 and reception of the second reflected signal R2 is due to a round-trip travel time of the signal T2 from the object 120.
The methods disclosed herein are used to discern the interference occurring at a sensor when, for example, the sensor transmits a test pulse and receives a reflected signal related to the test pulse and a second reflected signal unrelated to the test pulse. As shown in
The time duration τT1 of the first transmitted signal T1 transmitted by the sensor extends from time TA (=tT1) to time TC. The first reflected signal R1 is first received at the sensor at time tR1. The second reflected signal R2 is first received at the sensor at time TB (=tR2). During the time period between TA and TB, the total received signal includes only a portion 302 of the first reflected signal R1. However, during the time period between TB and TC, the total reflected signal at the sensor includes portion 304 of the first reflected signal R1 and portion 306 of the second reflection signal R2. In order to separate the interference signal (R2) from the desired signal (R1) at sensor 108a, a waveform of the transmitted signal T1 is multiplied or mixed with a waveform of the total received signal.
The time duration of the second transmitted signal T2 extends from time TD (=tT2) to time TF. The second reflected signal R2 is first received at the sensor at time tR2. The first reflected signal R1 is first received at the sensors at time tR1 before generation of the second transmitted signal T2 (as shown by ΔtR1T2). During the time period between TD and TE, the total received signal substantially includes the portion 402 of the first reflected signal R1 and portion 404 of the second reflected signal R2. During the time period between TE and TF, the total reflected signal includes only portion 406 of the second reflected signal R2.
In order to separate the interference signal (R1) from the desired signal (R2) at sensor 108a, a waveform of the second transmitted signal T2 is multiplied or mixed with a waveform of the total received signal.
Switching between sensors over time can cause a coupling between angle of arrival estimates and Doppler estimates. For example, a measured phase offset at a receiver can be a result of a difference in a spatial position (where the phase offset is a function of the angle of arrival and the antenna position difference) of a receiver antennas but can also be due to the motion of the object (Doppler frequency) with respect to the vehicle 100.
When there is a constant time interval between transmission signals, the phase difference between reflected signals is
ϕn+1−ϕn=θDoppler+θSpatial Eq. (1)
By varying the time interval in a pseudo-random manner while switching between two transmit antennas, the phase difference in each switch is given by
ϕn+1−ϕn=θnDoppler+θSpatial Eq. (2)
where θnDoppler is a constantly changing quantity and θSpatial is a non-changing quantity. Therefore, the processor 102 can separate Doppler effects from location effects using the pseudorandom spacing between transmission signals.
While the above disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from its scope. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the application.
Claims
1. A radar system for a vehicle, comprising:
- a first sensor at a first location of the vehicle for generating a first chirp signal having a frequency range;
- a second sensor at a second location of the vehicle for generating a second chirp signal having the frequency range; and
- a processor configured to: receive a signal at one of the first sensor and the second sensor, the received signal including a first reflected signal formed by reflection of the first chirp signal from an object and a second reflected signal formed by reflection of the second chirp signal from the object, multiply the received signal by one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal to obtain a mixed signal including a desired signal indicative of one of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal and an interference signal indicative of the other of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, and apply a filter to the mixed signal to separate the interference signal from the desired signal.
2. The radar system of claim 1, wherein a time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal a time at which the second sensor generates the second chirp signal is less than a time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal.
3. The radar system of claim 2, wherein the time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal and a time at which the second sensors generates the second chirp signal is a pseudo-randomly generated time interval greater than twice a maximal expected duration between transmission of a chirp signal from a sensor and reception at the sensor of a reflection related to the chirp signal.
4. The radar system of claim 1, wherein a time delay between the first chirp signal and the first reflected signal is less than a time delay between the first chirp signal and the second reflected signal.
5. The radar system of claim 1, wherein the filter is a low pass filter and a cut-off frequency of the low pass filter is related to half the time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal.
6. The radar system of claim 1, wherein the time interval between the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal is a pseudo-random time interval to reduce an ambiguity between Doppler effects and angle of arrival effects at the sensor.
7. A vehicle, comprising:
- a first sensor at a first location of the vehicle for generating a first chirp signal having a frequency range;
- a second sensor at a second location of the vehicle for generating a second chirp signal having the frequency range; and
- a processor configured to: receive a signal at one of the first sensor and the second sensor, the received signal including a first reflected signal formed by reflection of the first chirp signal from an object and a second reflected signal formed by reflection of the second chirp signal from the object, multiply the received signal by one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal to obtain a mixed signal including a desired signal indicative of one of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal and an interference signal indicative of the other of the first reflected signal and the second reflected signal, and apply a filter to the mixed signal to separate the interference signal from the desired signal.
8. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein a time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal a time at which the second sensor generates the second chirp signal is less than a time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal.
9. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the time interval between a time at which the first sensor generates the first chirp signal and a time at which the second sensors generates the second chirp signal is a pseudo-randomly generated time interval greater than twice a maximal expected duration between transmission of a chirp signal from a sensor and reception at the sensor of a reflection related to the chirp signal.
10. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein a time delay between the first chirp signal and the first reflected signal is less than a time delay between the first chirp signal and the second reflected signal.
11. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the filter is a low pass filter.
12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein a cut-off frequency of the low pass filter is related to half the time duration of at least one of the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal.
13. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to change a trajectory of the vehicle with respect to the object based on radar parameters determined from the desired signal.
20170160381 | June 8, 2017 | Cho |
Type: Grant
Filed: Aug 18, 2017
Date of Patent: Sep 15, 2020
Patent Publication Number: 20190056477
Assignee: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC (Detroit, MI)
Inventors: Amnon Jonas (Jerusalem), Oded Bialer (Petah Tivak)
Primary Examiner: Bo Fan
Application Number: 15/680,322
International Classification: G01S 7/292 (20060101); G01S 13/931 (20200101); G01S 7/02 (20060101); G01S 13/34 (20060101);