Protective helmets with non-linearly deforming elements
The present technology relates generally to protective helmets with non-linearly deforming members. Helmets configured in accordance with embodiments of the present technology can comprise, for example, an inner layer, an outer layer, a space between the inner layer and the outer layer, and an interface layer disposed in the space. The interface layer comprises a plurality of filaments, each having a height, a longitudinal axis along the height, a first end proximal to the inner layer, and a second end proximal to the outer layer. The filaments are sized and shaped to span the space between the inner layer and the outer layer. The filaments are configured to deform non-linearly in response to an external incident force on the helmet.
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This application claims the benefit of the following applications:
(a) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/900,212, filed Nov. 5, 2013;
(b) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/923,495, filed Jan. 3, 2014;
(c) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/049,049, filed Sep. 11, 2014;
(d) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/049,161, filed Sep. 11, 2014;
(e) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/049,190, filed Sep. 11, 2014; and
(f) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/049,207, filed Sep. 11, 2014.
All of the foregoing application are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Further, components and features of embodiments disclosed in the applications incorporated by reference may be combined with various components and features disclosed and claimed in the present application.
TECHNICAL FIELDThe present technology is generally related to protective helmets. In particular, several embodiments are directed to protective helmets with non-linearly deforming elements therein.
BACKGROUNDSports-related traumatic brain injury, and specifically concussion, have become major concerns for the NFL, the NCAA, football teams and participants at all levels. Such injuries are also significant concerns for participants in other activities such as cycling and skiing. Current helmet technology is inadequate, as it primarily protects against superficial head injury and not concussions that can be caused by direct or oblique forces. Additionally, currently available helmets absorb incident forces linearly, which transmits the bulk of the incident force to the head of the wearer.
The present technology is generally related to protective helmets with non-linearly deforming elements therein. Embodiments of the disclosed helmets, for example, comprise an inner layer, an outer layer, and an interface layer disposed in a space between the inner and outer layers. The interface layer can include a plurality of filaments configured to deform non-linearly in response to an incident force.
Specific details of several embodiments of the present technology are described below with reference to
For ease of reference, throughout this disclosure identical reference numbers are used to identify similar or analogous components or features, but the use of the same reference number does not imply that the parts should be construed to be identical. Indeed, in many examples described herein, the identically numbered parts are distinct in structure and/or function.
Selected Embodiments of Protective HelmetsIn some embodiments, the outer layer 103 of the helmet 101 may be composed of a single, continuous shell. In other embodiments, however, the outer layer 103 may have a different configuration. The outer layer 103 and the inner layer 105 can also both be relatively rigid (e.g., composed of a hard plastic material). The outer layer 103, however, can be pliable enough to locally deform when subject to an incident force. In certain embodiments, the inner layer 105 can be relatively stiff, thereby preventing projectiles or intense impacts from fracturing the skull or creating hematomas. In some embodiments, the inner layer 105 can be at least five times more rigid than the outer layer 103. In some embodiments, the outer layer 103 may also comprise a plurality of deformable beams that are flexibly connected and arranged so that the longitudinal axes of the beams are substantially parallel to the surface of the outer layer. Further, in some embodiments each of the deformable beams can be flexibly connected to at least one other deformable beam and at least one filament.
The filaments 111 can comprise thin, columnar or elongated structures configured to deform non-linearly in response to an incident force on the helmet 101. Such structures can have a high aspect ratio, e.g., from 3:1 to 1000:1, from 4:1 to 1000:1, from 5:1 to 1000:1, from 100:1 to 1000:1, etc. The non-linear deformation of the filaments 111 is expected to provide improved protection against high-impact direct forces, as well as oblique forces. More specifically, the filaments 111 can be configured to buckle in response to an incident force, where buckling may be characterized by a sudden failure of filament(s) 111 subjected to high compressive stress, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less than the ultimate compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. The filaments 111 can be configured to deform elastically, so that they substantially return to their initial configuration once the external force is removed.
At least a portion of the filaments 111 can be configured to have a tensile strength so as to resist separation of the outer layer 103 from the inner layer 105. For example, during lateral movement of the outer layer 103 relative to the inner layer 105, those filaments 111 having tensile strength may exert a force to counteract the lateral movement of the outer layer 103 relative to the inner layer 105. In some embodiments, there may be wires, rubber bands, or other elements embedded in or otherwise coupled to the filaments 111 in order to impart additional tensile strength.
As shown in the embodiment illustrated in
The filaments 111 may be composed of a variety of suitable materials, such as a foam, elastomeric material, polymeric material, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the filaments can be made of a shape memory material and/or a self-healing material. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the filaments may exhibit different shear characteristics in different directions.
In some embodiments, the helmet 101 can be configured to deform locally and elastically in response to an incident force. In particular embodiments, for example, the helmet 101 can be configured such that upon application of between about 100 and 500 static pounds of force, the outer layer 103 and interface layer 109 deform between about 0.75 to 2.25 inches. The deformability can be tuned by varying the composition, number, and configuration of the filaments 111, and by varying the composition and configuration of the outer layer 103 and inner layer 105.
In some embodiments, the filaments can be disposed between the outer surface and the inner surface such that a longitudinal axis of the filament is not perpendicular to either the outer surface 1301 or the inner surface 1303 as shown in
In some embodiments, the filaments in the interface layer of the helmet can also serve as force sensors or substrates for mounting force sensors.
The plurality of sensors can be logically coupled to a computing device and/or a data storage device capable of storing strain and deformation signals received from the plurality of sensors. In some embodiments, a wireless communication device can be coupled to the data storage device and configured to wirelessly transmit data stored on the data storage device to a second computing device. For example, in some embodiments the data storage device and wireless communication device can be embedded within the helmet, and can transmit the stored data to an external computing device. In some embodiments, the data storage device can include stored therein computer-readable program instructions that, upon execution by the computing device, cause the computing device to determine the magnitude and direction of a force incident upon the helmet based on the strain or deformation signals generated from the plurality of sensors. In some embodiments, the computing device can be configured to determine the acceleration of the wearer's head caused by the incident force. In some embodiments, the computing device can provide a signal indicating when the helmet has received incident forces over a defined threshold.
By embedding sensors in individual filaments, a plurality of sensors can be integrated into the helmet structure and provide single filament resolution of force transmission. Data from the sensors can be used to quantify hit number, magnitude, and location, to correlate hit magnitude with location and acceleration, to determine the likelihood of traumatic brain injury. The data may also be used to evaluate the current condition of the helmet and possible need for refurbishment or replacement. The data from individual players can be used to tune the material characteristics of the helmet for an individual's style of play and or position. For example in football, centers may tend to receive hits top center while wide receivers may tend to receive hits tangentially on the rear comer. This impact fitting process is unique from the helmet functionality and comfort fitting.
Examples1. A helmet, comprising:
-
- an inner layer;
- an outer layer spaced apart from the inner layer to define a space;
- an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, wherein the interface layer comprises a plurality of filaments, the individual filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer, wherein the filaments are configured to deform non-linearly in response to an external incident force on the helmet.
2. The helmet of example 1 wherein the outer layer moves laterally relative to the inner layer in response to an external oblique force on the helmet.
3. The helmet of any one example 1 or example 2 wherein the filaments are configured to buckle in response to axial compression.
4. The helmet of any one of examples 1-3 wherein the individual filaments have an aspect ratio of between 3:1 and 1,000:1.
5. The helmet of any one of examples 1-4 wherein the filaments comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: a foam, an elastomer, a polymer, and any combination thereof.
6. The helmet of any one of examples 1-4 wherein the filaments are composed of a shape memory material.
7. The helmet of any one of examples 1-6 wherein the filaments comprise a self-healing material.
8. The helmet of any one of examples 1-7 wherein the filaments exhibit different shear characteristics in different directions.
9. The helmet of any one of examples 1-8 wherein at least a portion of the filaments have a non-circular cross-sectional shape.
10. The helmet of any one of examples 1-8 wherein the filaments have a cross-sectional shape selected from one of the following: circular, hexagonal, triangular, square, and rectangular.
11. The helmet of any one of examples 1-10 wherein a density of the filaments is higher in some portions of the interface layer than in other portions of the interface layer.
12. The helmet of any one of examples 1-11 wherein a thickness of each filaments varies along a length of the filament.
13. The helmet of any one of examples 1-12 wherein the inner layer and/or outer layer further comprise a plurality of sockets, and wherein:
-
- the filaments further comprise a rotating member attached to at least one of the first end and the second end, the rotating member being configured to rotatably fit within one of the plurality of sockets.
14. The helmet of any one of examples 1-13 wherein at least a portion of the filaments are attached to the inner layer.
15. The helmet of any one of examples 1-14 wherein at least a portion of the filaments are attached to the outer layer.
16. The helmet of any one of examples 1-15 wherein each filament extends along a longitudinal axis, and wherein the longitudinal axes of the filaments are substantially perpendicular to a surface of at least one of the inner layer and the outer layer.
17. The helmet of any one of examples 1-16 wherein the outer layer comprises a plurality of segments, wherein at least one of the segments is configured to move relative to the other segments upon receiving an external incident force.
18. The helmet of example 17 wherein the second ends of the filaments are attached to one of the plurality of segments.
19. The helmet of example 17, further comprising resilient spacing members which flexibly couples the plurality of segments to one another.
20. The helmet of any one of examples 1-19 wherein the outer layer comprises an elastically deformable material.
21. The helmet of any one of examples 1-20 wherein the outer layer comprises a plurality of deformable beams, each having two ends and a longitudinal axis, wherein the ends of each of the plurality of deformable beams are flexibly connected to at least one other deformable beam, and wherein the longitudinal axis is parallel to the surface of the outer layer.
22. The helmet of example 21 wherein the ends of each of the deformable beams are flexibly connected to at least one other deformable beam and at least one of the filaments.
23. The helmet of any one of examples 1-22 wherein the inner layer comprises a shell configured to substantially surround the head of a wearer.
24. The helmet of any one of examples 1-23 wherein the inner layer comprises a material having a rigidity at least five times more rigid than the outer layer.
25. The helmet of any one of examples 1-24 wherein the inner layer comprises padding configured to substantially conform to the contours of a head.
26. The helmet of any one of examples 1-25 wherein at least one of the filaments is hollow.
27. The helmet of any one of examples 1-26 wherein at least one of the filaments is conical.
28. The helmet of any one of examples 1-27 wherein a longitudinal axis of a first filament of the plurality of filaments is not perpendicular to either the inner layer or the outer layer.
29. The helmet of example 28 wherein a longitudinal axis of a second filament of the plurality of filaments is not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first filament.
30. The helmet of example 29 wherein an angle of the longitudinal axis of the first filament relative to at least one of the inner layer and the outer layer is supplementary to an angle of the longitudinal axis of the second filament relative to at least one of the inner layer and the outer layer.
31. The helmet of example 30 wherein the first filament is connected to the second filament at an intersection point.
32. A helmet comprising:
-
- an inner layer;
- an outer layer spaced apart from the inner layer to define a space; and
- an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, wherein the interface layer comprises:
- a first plurality of filaments, the individual first filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer;
- and a second plurality of filaments, the second individual filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer;
- wherein the first and second filaments are configured to deform non-linearly in response to an incident force,
- wherein a height of the first filaments substantially spans the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, and
- wherein a height of the second filaments does not substantially span the space between the inner layer and the outer layer.
33. The helmet of example 32 wherein the first ends of the second filaments are attached to the inner layer.
34. The helmet of example 32 or example 33 wherein the second ends of the second filaments are attached to the outer layer.
35. The helmet of any one of examples 32-34 wherein the second filaments have a lower aspect ratio than the first filaments.
36. The helmet of any one of examples 32-35 wherein the second filaments are more rigid than the first filaments.
37. A helmet comprising:
-
- an inner layer;
- an outer layer spaced apart from the inner layer to define a space, wherein the space comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a gas, a liquid, a gel, a foam, a polymeric material, and any combination thereof; and
- an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, the interface layer comprising a plurality of filaments, each individual filament comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer,
- wherein the filaments are configured to deform non-linearly in response to an incident external force.
38. The helmet of example 37 wherein the liquid comprises a shear thinning liquid.
39. The helmet of example 37 wherein the liquid comprises a shear thickening liquid.
40. The helmet of example 37 wherein the liquid comprises a shear thinning gel.
41. The helmet of example 37 wherein the liquid comprises a shear thickening gel.
42. A method of making an interface layer comprising at least one filament disposed between a first surface and a second surface, the method comprising:
-
- providing a first surface comprising a plurality of first protruding elements protruding from the first surface;
- providing a second surface comprising a plurality of second protruding elements protruding from the second surface, the second surface disposed opposite the first surface such at least one of the first protruding elements is aligned with at least one of the second protruding elements;
- heating the first surface and second surface above their glass transition temperatures;
- bringing the at least one first protruding element in contact with the at least one second protruding element; and
- withdrawing the first surface from the second surface, thereby providing at least one filament disposed between the first surface and the second surface.
43. The method of example 42 wherein the first protruding elements and second protruding elements comprise a foam.
44. The method of example 42 wherein the plurality of first protruding elements and the plurality of second protruding elements comprise a polymer.
45. The method of any one of examples 42-44 wherein the first protruding elements and the second protruding elements comprise a cross-sectional shape selected from the group consisting of: a square, a rectangle, a triangle, and an ellipse.
46. The method of any one of examples 42-45 wherein the first protruding elements and the second protruding elements comprise a cross-sectional shape of a regular polygon.
47. The method of any one of examples 42-46, further comprising filling a space between the first surface and the second surface with a gas, a liquid, or a gel.
48. A method of making an interface layer comprising at least one filament disposed between a first surface and a second surface, the method comprising:
-
- providing a first surface;
- providing a second opposite the first surface;
- providing an interstitial member, disposed between the first surface and the second surface, comprising a plurality of apertures;
- compressing the first surface and the second surface against the interstitial member so that a portion of the first surface and/or a portion of the second surface protrudes into the plurality of apertures;
- heating the first surface and the second surface above their glass transition temperatures; and
- removing the interstitial member, thereby providing at least one filament disposed between the first surface and the second surface.
49. The method of example 48 further comprising withdrawing the first surface from the second surface.
50. The method of example 48 or example 49 wherein removing the interstitial member comprises burning the interface layer.
51. The method of example 48 or example 49 wherein removing the interstitial member comprises dissolving the interface layer.
52. The method of any one of examples 48-51 wherein the filament comprises a foam.
53. The method of any one of examples 48-52 wherein the filament comprises a polymer.
54. The method of any one of examples 48-53 wherein the apertures in the interstitial member are configured in a shape selected from the group consisting of: a square, a rectangle, a triangle, and an ellipse.
55. The method of any one of examples 48-54 wherein the apertures in the interstitial member are configured in the shape of a regular polygon
56. The method of any one of examples 48-55, further comprising filling the space between the first surface and the second surface with a gas, a liquid, or a gel.
57. A helmet comprising:
-
- an inner layer;
- an outer layer configured to provide a space between the inner layer and the outer layer;
- an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer and the outer layer, the interface layer comprising a plurality of filaments, each individual filament comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer and a second end proximal to the outer layer; and
- a plurality of sensors coupled to at least a subset of the filaments,
- wherein the filaments are configured to deform non-linearly in response to an external incident force.
58. The helmet of example 57 wherein the sensors are sized and configured to produce a signal indicative of strain or deformation of the filaments.
59. The helmet of any one of examples 57-58 wherein the sensors comprise a wire or film.
60. The helmet of any one of examples 57-58 wherein the sensors comprise conductive polymer filaments.
61. The helmet of any one of examples 57-58 wherein the sensors comprise a plurality of doped particles.
62. The helmet of any one of examples 57-58 wherein the sensors comprise piezoelectric sensors.
63. The helmet of any one of examples 57-58 wherein the sensors comprise an optical waveguide with a first end and a second end, a light source incident upon one end of the optical waveguide, and a photodetector adjacent to the opposite end of the optical waveguide configured to receive light transmitted through the optical waveguide.
64. The helmet of example 63 wherein the optical waveguide comprises a Bragg diffraction grating.
65. The helmet of example 64 wherein the Bragg diffraction gratings in each of the sensors has a unique periodicity.
66. The helmet of any one of examples 57-65, further comprising:
-
- a computing device logically coupled to the sensors; and
- a data storage device, capable of storing strain and deformation signals from the plurality of sensors.
67. The helmet of example 66, further comprising a wireless communication device configured to wirelessly transmit data stored on the data storage device to a second computing device.
68. The helmet of example 66, the data storage device having stored therein computer-readable program instructions that, upon execution by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform functions comprising:
-
- determining a magnitude and a direction of a force incident upon the helmet based upon the strain or deformation signals generated from the sensors.
69. The helmet of example 68 wherein the functions further comprise determining an acceleration of a head of a wearer caused by the incident force.
70. The helmet of example 66, further comprising an indicator that provides a signal indicating when the helmet has received incident forces over a defined threshold.
CONCLUSIONThe above detailed descriptions of embodiments of the technology are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the technology to the precise form disclosed above. Although specific embodiments of, and examples for, the technology are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the technology, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform steps in a different order. The various embodiments described herein may also be combined to provide further embodiments. Various modifications can be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, the interface layer can include filaments having any combination of the features described above. Additionally, the features of any particular embodiment described above can be combined with the features of any of the other embodiments disclosed herein.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but well-known structures and functions have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments of the technology. Where the context permits, singular or plural terms may also include the plural or singular term, respectively.
Moreover, unless the word “or” is expressly limited to mean only a single item exclusive from the other items in reference to a list of two or more items, then the use of “or” in such a list is to be interpreted as including (a) any single item in the list, (b) all of the items in the list, or (c) any combination of the items in the list. Additionally, the term “comprising” is used throughout to mean including at least the recited feature(s) such that any greater number of the same feature and/or additional types of other features are not precluded. It will also be appreciated that specific embodiments have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the technology. Further, while advantages associated with certain embodiments of the technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, and not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such advantages to fall within the scope of the technology. Accordingly, the disclosure and associated technology can encompass other embodiments not expressly shown or described herein.
Claims
1. A helmet, comprising:
- an inner layer, the inner layer having an outer surface;
- an outer layer having an inner surface, the inner surface spaced apart from the inner layer outer surface; and
- an interface layer disposed between the inner layer outer surface and the inner surface of the outer layer, the interface layer comprises a plurality of elongated filaments having an aspect ratio between 3:1 and 1,000:1, at least two of the plurality of elongated filaments having different aspect ratios, the plurality of elongated filaments extend between the inner layer outer surface and the outer layer inner surface, the plurality of elongated filaments including a spacing between the plurality of elongated filaments, the spacing is filled with a gas, the interface layer further including a plurality of segmented tiles, each of the plurality of segmented tiles attached to a subset of the plurality of elongated filaments;
- wherein the plurality of elongated filaments are configured to buckle in response to an external incident force on the helmet.
2. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the outer layer moves laterally relative to the inner layer in response to an external oblique force on the helmet.
3. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the buckling comprises a lateral deflection.
4. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the plurality of elongated filaments comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: a foam, an elastomer, a polymer, and any combination thereof.
5. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the plurality of elongated filaments are composed of a shape memory material.
6. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the plurality of elongated filaments comprise a self-healing material.
7. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the plurality of elongated filaments exhibit different shear characteristics in different directions.
8. The helmet of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the plurality of elongated filaments have a non-circular cross-sectional shape.
9. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the plurality of elongated filaments have a cross-sectional shape selected from one of the following: circular, hexagonal, triangular, square, and rectangular.
10. The helmet of claim 1 wherein a density of the plurality of elongated filaments is higher in some portions of the interface layer than in other portions of the interface layer.
11. The helmet of claim 1 wherein a thickness of each of the plurality of elongated filaments varies along a length of the filament.
12. The helmet of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the plurality of elongated filaments are attached to the inner layer.
13. The helmet of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the plurality of elongated filaments are attached to the outer layer.
14. The helmet of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of elongated filaments extends along a longitudinal axis, and wherein the longitudinal axes of the elongated filaments are perpendicular to a surface of at least one of the inner layer and the outer layer.
15. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the outer layer comprises an elastically deformable material.
16. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the inner layer comprises a material having a rigidity at least five times more rigid than the outer layer.
17. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the inner layer comprises padding configured to substantially conform to the contours of a head.
18. The helmet of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of elongated filaments is hollow.
19. The helmet of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of elongated filaments is conical.
20. The helmet of claim 1 wherein a longitudinal axis of a first filament of the plurality of elongated filaments is not perpendicular to either the inner layer or the outer layer.
21. The helmet of claim 20 wherein a longitudinal axis of a second filament of the plurality of elongated filaments is not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first filament.
22. The helmet of claim 21 wherein an angle of the longitudinal axis of the first filament relative to at least one of the inner layer and the outer layer is supplementary to an angle of the longitudinal axis of the second filament relative to at least one of the inner layer and the outer layer.
23. The helmet of claim 22 wherein the first filament is connected to the second filament at an intersection point.
24. The helmet of claim 1, wherein the plurality of elongated filaments each have at least one end and the interface layer further comprises at least one sheet, the at least one end of the plurality of elongated filaments attached to the at least one sheet.
25. A helmet comprising:
- an inner layer, the inner layer having an outer surface;
- an outer layer, the outer layer having an inner surface, the inner surface of the outer layer spaced apart from the inner layer outer surface to define a space; and
- an interface layer disposed in the space between the inner layer outer surface and the inner surface of the outer layer, wherein the interface layer comprises: a first plurality of elongated filaments having an aspect ratio between 3:1 and 1,000:1, each of the first plurality of elongated filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer outer surface and a second end proximal to the outer layer inner surface; and a second plurality of elongated filaments having an aspect ratio between 3:1 and 1,000:1, each of the second plurality of elongated filaments comprising a first end proximal to the inner layer or a second end proximal to the outer layer inner surface, and a plurality of segmented tiles, each of the plurality of segmented tiles attached to a subset of the first and second plurality of elongated filaments;
- wherein the first and second plurality of elongated filaments are configured to deform non-linearly in response to an incident force,
- a height of the first plurality of elongated filaments extends between the inner layer outer surface and the outer layer inner surface,
- a height of the second plurality of elongated filaments extends between the inner layer outer surface and the outer layer inner surface; and
- the height of the first plurality of elongated filaments is greater than the height of the second plurality of elongated filaments.
26. The helmet of claim 25 wherein the first ends of each of the second plurality of elongated filaments are attached to the inner layer.
27. The helmet of claim 25 wherein the second ends of each of the second plurality of elongated filaments are attached to the outer layer.
28. The helmet of claim 25 wherein the second plurality of elongated filaments have a lower aspect ratio than the first plurality of elongated filaments.
29. The helmet of claim 25 wherein the second plurality of elongated filaments are more rigid than the first plurality of elongated filaments.
30. The helmet of claim 25, wherein the plurality of segmented tiles includes a tile spacing between each of the segmented tiles, the tile spacing being filled with a gas.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Nov 5, 2014
Date of Patent: Apr 6, 2021
Patent Publication Number: 20160255900
Assignee: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON THROUGH ITS CENTER FOR COMMERCIALIZATION (Seattle, WA)
Inventors: Samuel R Browd (Seattle, WA), Jonathan D Posner (Seattle, WA), Per G Reinhall (Seattle, WA), David L Marver (Seattle, WA), John T Dardis, II (Seattle, WA)
Primary Examiner: Alissa L Hoey
Application Number: 15/034,006
International Classification: A42B 3/14 (20060101); A42B 3/06 (20060101); A42B 3/04 (20060101); A42B 3/12 (20060101); A42B 3/30 (20060101);