Electricity produced by CO2, air and water

Abstract

Electricity is produced by taking advantage of the differences in the physical properties of carbon dioxide as compared to air. The amount of expansion of CO2 makes it possible to push a piston forcing water through a turbine to produce electricity. CO2 is not lost since it is not allowed to pass through the water turbine.

Description

REFERENCES CITED

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

[0001] 1 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS   986,577 3/1911 Kiriloff 3,436,914 4/1969 Rosfelder 3,595,012 7/1971 Beck, Jr. 3,670,630 6/1972 Kriedt 3,996,741 12/1976 Herberg 4,181,455 1/1980 Stanwick 4,211,077 7/1980 Cassidy 4,219,544 8/1980 Stanwick 4,250,230 Feb. 10, 1981 Terry 4,345,433 8/1982 Stanwick 4,528,811 Jul. 16, 1985 Stahl 4,549,396 Oct. 29, 1985 Garwood et al. 4,539,303 Nov. 3, 1985 MacLean et al. 4,467,857 Feb. 4, 1986 Houseman et al. 4,729,224 Mar. 8, 1988 McAteer 4,921,765 May 1, 1990 Gmeindl et al. 4,942,734 Jul. 24, 1990 Markbreiter et al. 4,978,832 Dec. 18, 1990 Rubin 4,999,995 Mar. 19, 1991 Nurse 5,025,631 Jun. 25, 1991 Garbo 5,111,662 May 12, 1992 Nicolin et al. 5,233,837 Aug. 10, 1993 Callahan 5,342,702 Aug. 30, 1994 MacGregor 5,394,685 Mar. 7, 1995 Keston et al. 5,435,274 Jul. 25, 1995 Richardson, Jr. 5,579,640 Dec. 3, 1996 Gray, Jr. et al. 5,713,202 Feb. 3, 1998 Johnson 5,724,805 Mar. 10, 1998 Golomb et al. 5,787,605 Aug. 4, 1998 Okul et al. 5,797,583 Aug. 25, 1998 Murata et al. 5,816,048 Oct. 6, 1998 Bronicki et al. 5,819,522 Oct. 13, 1998 Tops. o slash. e; Axel

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO A “MICROFICHE APPENDIX”

[0003] Not applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] This invention produces electricity by using the hydroelectric method. Water is pushed through a water turbine by CO2 at the pressure of 80 bar. The CO2 at 80 bar displaces water contained in a, tank or pipe at the beginning. No carbon dioxide goes through the turbine.

BACKGROUND ART

[0005] The Richardson invention U.S. Pat. No.5,435,274 differs from the instant patent invention U.S. Pat. No.9,638,298. The Richardson invention uses an underwater carbon arc which results in “mixture of gases, being non-self combustible but combustible as a fuel gas in the presence of air, and comprising gaseous hydrogen in major amount and carbon oxides in minor amount, mainly carbon monoxide”. In contrast, the instant patent invention U.S. Pat. No.9,638,298 uses the CO2 physical properties to generate energy as described below to make electricity without combustion of a fuel gas.

[0006] The hydroelectric plants today are located at a dam site or a place of pumped storage or at a place where compressed air is stored. This invention does not need to operate near a dam site. It is best that it is located near a lake, river or reservoir of water. This invention recycles air, CO2 and water. Only, leakage of water, CO2 and air at the valve sites need to be replaced.

[0007] Today, there is much pollution caused by coal-fired power plants. When natural gas burns clean, CO2 is still produced and is a pollutant. The fuel for the power plant in this invention is compressed CO2 and compressed air stored underground.

[0008] This power plant needs CO2 which may be supplied by a fossil fuel power plant.

[0009] Sequestration of the CO2 produced by a fossil-fuel power could provide the incentive for purifying the smoke emitted by a fossil fuel plant.

SUMMARY

[0010] This invention produces electricity from CO2 and is not dependent upon combustible fuel for operation. A supply of CO2 and air are required to start the process and the production plant needs to be near a water source. Also ideally, production of electricity described in this invention would take place near a steam plant and would use the hot condensate from that plant. This heat may be used to cause CO2 to expand from the density of 933·m−3 at the pressure of 40 bar at 0 degrees C. to the density of 281 Kg·m−3 at the pressure of 80 bar at 40 degrees C.

[0011] Steel pipes are required to contain the CO2 and air above ground level in the hydroelectric apparatus. Underground storage balloon-type liners 16 ft. in diameter are required at multiple levels to contain CO2 and air at the pressures of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, 80 bar and 100 bar. Commercial compressors at the beginning are used to supply the air and CO2 to fill the balloon-type structure liners underground at multiple levels. There are two times the storage of air and CO2 at 40 bar and 80 bar. The different levels of stored pressures allow most of the air to be recycled at the different levels. There is an inner and outer pipe where heat exchanges take place in the hydroelectric apparatus. The piston in the inner pipe moves 4.2% to the left in a 2000 ft. pipe 17 inches in diameter. This movement produces heat which adds to the heat in the outside pipe which is also heated by a piston pushed to right by air from storage 3% causing the pressure of CO2 to increase from 40 bar to 80 bar. The piston in the outside pipe remains locked in place at this time. The heat from compression in both pipes causes the CO2 in the outside pipe to expand 3.32 times. The movement of pistons are controlled by a computer program that open and close the valves to and from the underground balloon-type liners 16 ft. in diameter. These liners provide sustained air and CO2 pressure since the volume of storage balloon-type liners 16 ft. in diameter to the volume in the compressor pipe 2 ft. in diameter is 64 to 1.

[0012] There is an increase in volume of 2.32 times. Expansion of 2 times makes a production of energy possible when CO2 at 80 bar displaces and pushes water through 2 pipes and drives a water turbine at the pressure of 80 bar. In addition, the 0.32 times increase makes it possible for 10.5 pipes 1500 ft. in length (equivalent feet) which contains CO2 at the pressure of 40 bar to change to 80 bar in each of the ten pipes with only a 3% movement of the piston.

[0013] This invention does need some extra CO2 since there may be some leakage of CO2 at the valve sites. A conventional fossil fuel steam plant could provide this CO2 and at the same time make the process of sequestration of CO2 more economical than piping of CO2 to the ocean as many scientists recommend. To be able to recycle, one volume of CO2 at the pressure of 80 bar having a density of 281 Kg·m−3 is added to 2 volumes of 3000 ft. of 2 ft. diameter pipe of CO2 at the pressure of 40 bar at 0 degrees C. A cooling effect is produced and CO2 becomes a liquid when the CO2 is allowed to expand and decrease in pressure. Recycling is now made possible.

[0014] The process of this invention can produce 1000 Kw to 3,000,000 Kw of electricity. Economically, this invention is cost effective in that no combustible fuel is required. It is also cost effective since calculations indicate that 1276 CO2 power plants each producing 3,000,000 Kw from CO2 could be built by using approximately the same amount of steel being used in the 492,000 miles of steel used today for main trunk oil and gas pipelines in the U.S. reported in Fundamentals of Petroleum, Mildred Gerding, Editor, and published by Petroleum Extension Service, 1986.

[0015] One half of CO2 compressed to 80 bar having the density of 281 Kg·m−3 that power 1276 CO2 power plants, may be used to compress air at 40 bar to 80 bar as seen in FIG. 3.

[0016] If the process of compressing air at 40 bar to 80 bar takes place, there is enough CO2 at the density of 281 kg·m−3 at pressure of 80 bar to power 638 CO2 plants. Each of the 638 CO2 power plants produce 3,000,000 Kw.

[0017] To insure more recycling, electricity produced by 638 CO2 power plants may provide the electricity to power commercial compressors of air and CO2 at 150 bar. This extra air and CO2 is added to storage. This leaves 319 plants which produce 3,000,000 Kw each plus a large supply of air compressed from 40 bar to 80 bar plus air and CO2 compressed from 1 bar to 150 bar by commercial compressors.

[0018] According to DOE on the internet in 1999, 141 plants each producing the equivalent of 3,000,000 Kw of electricity resulted in the total net generation of approximately 423,000,000 Kw. 319 plants as result of this invention divided by 141 plants in operation would produce 2.26 times more electricity than produced in the U.S.A. in 1999.

[0019] Being cost effective, this invention could aid in the stimulation of the beginning of hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water would be economical and profitable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG. 1. shows by a schematic drawing how CO2, air and water can produce electricity. There are 6 pipes which make up the operation part of the apparatus. In addition, there are three storage sites which provide for sustained air pressure and CO2 pressure. Included are three pistons represented by “P” in three pipes. Valves are all represented by the letter “V”.

[0021] In FIG. 1, there is a valve between surge pipe 4 and compressor pipe 6 which contains a piston “P”.

[0022] There is a valve between surge pipe 5 and pipe 7 which contains a piston “P”.

[0023] A connecting line representing a small diameter pipe is added between the 2 ft. diameter pipe 6 and the 2 ft. diameter pipe 8, 3000 ft. in length, divided into three 1000 ft. pipes.

[0024] FIG. 2. “A” shows how the underground storage is distributed on both sides of the shaft. Balloon-like structures 16 ft. in diameter are at multiple levels on both sides of the shaft.

[0025] FIG. 2. “B” shows how underground storage balloon-type liners are at multiple levels on one side of the shaft only.

[0026] FIG. 2 “C” shows one underground storage level from 20 ft. to 2000 ft. (attached to the shaft on one side or both sides).

[0027] FIG. 3. shows by a schematic drawing how CO2, air, and water during the repair phase can produce an increase in air pressure. In other words, air at 40 bar is compressed to produce air at 80 bar. Operation pipes and storage sites are seen in FIG. 3.

[0028] FIG. 4:

[0029] Unique to CO2 gas: Increase of only 10 degrees C. causes expansion of CO2 at the temperature of 30 degrees C. to 40 degrees C. at the pressure of 80 bar. Density at 30 degrees C. is 700 Kg·m−3. Density at 40 degrees C. is 281 Kg·m−3.

[0030] Calculations: 1 At ⁢   ⁢ 80 ⁢   ⁢ bar , 30 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C .   ⁢ to ⁢   ⁢ 40 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C .   ⁢ 700 ⁢   ⁢ kg · m - 3 281 ⁢   ⁢ kg · m - 3 = 2.49 ⁢   ⁢ times At ⁢   ⁢ 40 ⁢   ⁢ bar , 0 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C .   ⁢ to ⁢   ⁢ 40 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C .   ⁢ to ⁢   ⁢ 80 ⁢   ⁢ Bar ⁢   ⁢ 933 ⁢   ⁢ kg · m - 3 281 ⁢   ⁢ kg · m - 3 = 3.32 ⁢   ⁢ times

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0031] FIG. 1. is a schematic drawing showing three underground storage areas 1, 2, and 3. Storage area 1, contains air at the pressure of 1.1 bar to 80 bar. Underground storage area 3, contains air at the pressure of 1.1 bar to 100 bar. Underground storage 2 contains carbon dioxide at the pressure of 1.1 bar to 100 bar. Compressed air and compressed carbon dioxide are stored at pressures of 1.1 bar to 100 bar at different levels of depth underground in 16 ft. diameter balloon type structures (rubber or plastic liners). (Civil engineers may decide to use different size and shape of balloon-like structure liners). Pipe 4 and pipe 5 are steel pipes 3 ft. in diameter having the length of 444.44 ft. Pipe 6 is 2 ft. in diameter having the length of 2000 ft Pipe 7 is 17 inches in diameter and has the length of 2000 ft. Pipe 8 above ground is 2 ft. in diameter having the length of 3×1000 ft. Pipe 9, also above ground is 2 ft. in diameter and has the length of 3×1000 ft. Water flows through turbines 10. All valves are represented by “V”. Pistons are represented by “P”.

PROCEDURE OF OPERATION

[0032] As seen in FIG. 1, pipe 4 always contains air at the pressure of 80 bar. Pipe 5 contains air at the pressure of 100 bar. Both pipes 4 and 5 act as surge pipes. Both pipes 6 and 7 contain CO2 at the pressure of 40 bar at this stage. There is a valve between surge pipe 4 and pipe 6. There is a valve between surge pipe 5 and pipe 7. There is a connecting pipe between pipe 6 and pipe 8 which at the beginning contains water.

[0033] The air at the sustained pressure of 80 bar from underground storage 1 pushes into the surge pipe 4 and then pushes piston “P” in pipe 6 to the right until the heat of compression is produced. Carbon dioxide begins to expand. At the same time, air at the sustained pressure of 100 bar from underground storage pushes into pipe 5 and then pushes the piston “P” in pipe 7 to the left until heat is produced. The carbon dioxide in pipe 6 expands from density of 933.318 Kg·m−3 to 281.328 Kg·m−3 when it goes from pipe 6 to pipe 8 pushing water through the turbine 10.

[0034] The temperature in pipe 6 reaches 63.1 degrees C., and the temperature in pipe 7 reaches 86.37 degrees C.

[0035] The temperature of pipe 6 needs only to increase to 40 degrees C. before it expands from density 933 Kg·m−3 to 281 Kg·m−3. There is expansion of CO2 3.32 times in pipe 6 pushing into a connecting pipe which connects directly with pipe 8. This is shown in FIG. 1.

[0036] The expansion of CO2 in pipe 6, 3.32 times, makes energy possible when CO2 at 80 bar displaces and pushes water through pipe 8 and drives a water turbine 10. Pipe 8 is represented 3×1000 ft. There may be a total of 3 turbines 10. This completes the energy cycle. 2 Calculations ⁢ : ⁢ P 2 P 1 = 80 ⁢   ⁢ bar 40 ⁢   ⁢ bar = 2 ⁢   ⁢ 2 .3 = 1.2311444 × 273 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K ⁢   ⁢ for ⁢   ⁢ CO 2 Diesel ⁢   ⁢ cycle ⁢ : ⁢   Outside ⁢   ⁢ pipe ⁢   ⁢ 6 Temperature ⁢   ⁢ ⋯ ⁢   ⁢ pipe ⁢   ⁢ 6 =   ⁢ 336 ⁢ . ⁢ 1024 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K - 273.0 ⁢     ⁢ 63.1024 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ C P 2 P 1 = 100 40 ⁢   ⁢ bar = 2 ⁢   ⁢ .5 ⁢   ⁢ 2.5 .3 = 1.3163822 ×   ⁢ 273 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K ⁢   Inside ⁢   ⁢ pipe ⁢   ⁢ 7   Temperature ⁢   ⁢   =   ⁢ 359.37 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K - 273.0 ⁢ ° ⁢   86.37 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ C . ⁢   Temperature ⁢   ⁢ average ⁢   ⁢ 359.37 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K × 2 =   ⁢ 336 . 1024 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K × 3 =   ⁢   ⁢   ⁢ 718.74 ⁢     ⁢ 1008.3072 ⁢     ⁢ 5 / 1727.0472 ⁢     ⁢ =     ⁢   ⁢ 345.409 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K - 273. ⁢   ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ K ⁢   ⁢     ⁢ 72.409 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢ C .

[0037] The temperature of 72.409° C. insures a temperature of at least 40° C. after heat exchange between pipe 6 and pipe 7 has taken place.

[0038] Carbon dioxide has the density of 933.318 Kg·m−3 at 0° C. The density of carbon dioxide is 281.328 Kg·m−3 at 40° C.

[0039] Expansion is: 3 933.318 281.328 = 3.32 ⁢   ⁢ times

[0040] Calculations:

[0041] At 80 bar

[0042] There is an increase of volume of 2.32 times.

[0043] At 0° C. there needs to be an increase of density. 4 sustained ⁢   ⁢ of ⁢   ⁢ CO 2 ⁢   ⁢   ⁢ at ⁢   ⁢ 933.318 ⁢   ⁢ Kg ⁢   ⁢ to ⁢   ⁢ 962 . 634 temperature ⁢   ⁢ for ⁢   ⁢ CO 2 ⁢   ⁢   ⁢ at ⁢   ⁢ 40 ⁢   ⁢ bar ⁢   ⁢ to ⁢   ⁢ become ⁢   ⁢ 80 ⁢   ⁢ bar 933.318 ⁢   ⁢ Kg · m - 3 962 , 634 ⁢   ⁢ Kg · m - 3 = 96.9546 ⁢   ⁢ % ⁢   ⁢ 1.000000   ⁢ .969546   ⁢ .030454 ⁢  

[0044] If the temperature remains constant at 0 degrees C., there is movement of only 3% when pressure increases from 40 bar to 80 bar in each of the steel 10.5 pipes, 2 ft. in diameter and 1500 ft. in length Reference: Encyclopedie Des Gaz Encyclopaedia, L'Air Liquide, 1976, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, English Translation by Nissim Marshall.

[0045] Calculations:

[0046] 0.32 divided by 0.030454

[0047] 10.5×1500 ft. length

[0048] 10.5 pipes×1500 ft. Length from 40 bar to 80 bar.

[0049] Use 2 parts of volume increase for energy. 5 V = ⁢ 1.5 × 3 , 140 ⁢   ⁢ cu .   ⁢ ft . = ⁢ 4710 ⁢   ⁢ cu .   ⁢ ft . × 2 = 9420 ⁢   ⁢ cu .   ⁢ ft . ⁢ 9420 ⁢   ⁢ cu .   ⁢ ft . sec × 62.4 ⁢   ⁢ lbs 1 ⁢   ⁢ cu .   ⁢ ft . × 2663 ⁢   ⁢ ft . × 1 ⁢   ⁢ hp 550 ⁢   ⁢ ft . ⁢ lbs ⁢ / ⁢ sec × .746 ⁢   ⁢ Kw 1 ⁢   ⁢ hp = ⁢ 2 , 123 , 160.359 ⁢   ⁢ Kw

[0050] If the temperature does not reach 40° C. when heat exchange is made between the inner pipe and outer, use 40 bar CO2 compressed in inner pipe to 120 bar. 6 P 2 P 1 = 120 ⁢   ⁢ bar 40 ⁢   ⁢ bar ⁢   ⁢ 3 .3 = 1.39038917 × 273 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K ⁢   =   ⁢   379.576 ⁢   ⁢ K - 273   ⁢ 106.576 ⁢   ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C . ⁢   Outside ⁢   ⁢ pipe ⁢   ⁢ 80 ⁢   ⁢ bar ⁢   ⁢ from ⁢   ⁢ 40 ⁢   ⁢ bar 2 .3 = 1.231144412 × 273 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K . ⁢   =     ⁢   336.1024 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K - 273 / 1000   ⁢ 63.1024 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C . ⁢   ⁢   379.576 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K 379.576 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K   336.1024 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K 336.1024 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K 336.1024 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K _ ⁢ 2 Inside ⁢   ⁢ Pipe     3 outside ⁢   ⁢ pipes     ⁢   1767 , 4592 5 = 353.49 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ K - 273.00 ⁢   80.49 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C . ⁢   ⁢   ⁢ Need ⁢   ⁢ outer ⁢   ⁢ pipe ⁢   ⁢ to ⁢   ⁢ get ⁢   ⁢ at least ⁢   ⁢ 40 ∘ ⁢   ⁢ C .   ⁢ so ⁢   ⁢ that ⁢   ⁢ density of ⁢   ⁢ 80 ⁢   ⁢ bar ⁢   ⁢ pipes ⁢   ⁢ go ⁢   ⁢ from 933 ⁢   ⁢ Kg · m - 3 ⁢   ⁢ to ⁢   ⁢ 281 ⁢   ⁢ Kg · m - 3 . ⁢  

[0051] Calculations:

[0052] Footage of 2 ft. diameter pipe needed: 7 16 × 30 × 2 × 1.413 ⁢   10.5 pipes ⁢   ⁢ for sec / One ⁢   ⁢ energy ⁢   ⁢ phase ⁢   ⁢ and   ⁢ Big ⁢   ⁢ setups   operations   one ⁢   ⁢ repair ⁢   ⁢ phase . ⁢     + 5.5 pipes ⁢         3 ⁢ , 000 , 000 ,   ⁢ K ⁢   ⁢ w 2 , 123 , 160 ,   ⁢ K ⁢   ⁢ w = 1.413 = 1356.48 × 1500 ⁢   ⁢ ft . = 2 , 034 , 720 ⁢   ⁢ ft .   ⁢ divided ⁢   ⁢ by ⁢   ⁢ 5 , 280 ⁢   ⁢ ft . =   ⁢ 385.36 ⁢   ⁢ miles ⁢   492 , 000 ⁢   ⁢ miles 385.36 ⁢   ⁢ miles ⁢   ⁢ of main ⁢   ⁢ trunk ⁢   ⁢ oil ⁢   ⁢ and gas ⁢   ⁢ pipelines . = ⁢ 1276 ⁢   ⁢ power ⁢   ⁢ plants 141 ⁢   ⁢ power ⁢   ⁢ plants = ⁢ 9.05 × plants ⁢   ⁢ in ⁢   ⁢ U . S . A . based ⁢   ⁢ on ⁢   ⁢ steel ⁢   ⁢ used in ⁢   ⁢ pipes ⁢   ⁢ 2 ⁢   ⁢ ft .   ⁢ in diameter . ⁢   492 , 000 ⁢   ⁢ miles 385.36 ⁢   ⁢ miles ⁢   ⁢ of ⁢   ⁢ main ⁢   ⁢ trunk ⁢   ⁢ oil ⁢   ⁢ and ⁢   ⁢ gas ⁢   ⁢ pipelines . ⁢   ⁢ ⁢   = ⁢ 1276 ⁢   ⁢ power ⁢   ⁢ plants 141 ⁢   ⁢ power ⁢   ⁢ plants = 9.05 × ⁢ plants ⁢   ⁢ in ⁢   ⁢ U . S . A . ⁢ based ⁢   ⁢ on ⁢   ⁢ steel ⁢   ⁢ used ⁢ in ⁢   ⁢ pipes ⁢   ⁢ 2 ⁢   ⁢ ft .   ⁢ in ⁢ diameter . ⁢  

UNDERGROUND STORAGE OF AIR AND CO2

[0053] Underground storage of air and CO2 at the pressure of 1.1 bar to 100 bar provide sustained pressure to pipe 4 and pipe 5 in FIG. 1. Pipe 4 and pipe 5 may have a diameter of 2 ft. and can contain air and CO2 at pressure of 200 bar if the ambient temperature is 273 degrees K.

[0054] This invention only requires the pressure be as high as 100 bar. If more air at high pressure is needed such as 120 bar, air may be stored in 2 ft. diameter pipes underground.

[0055] As the pressure of air on carbon dioxide underground increases, the balloon-type structure liners are placed at a greater depth underground.

[0056] The balloon-like liners may be 16 feet in diameter or they may be 500-1000 length 32 ft. wide and 16 ft. in height.

[0057] Underground storage provides sustained pressure and at the same time produces 2,152,659 Kw of electricity.

[0058] FIG. 2 “A” shows storage underground. The shaft 2 is similar to that type of shafts used in coal mines. The different levels 3 of storage are on both sides of the mining shaft 2.

[0059] FIG. 2 “B” multiple levels 3 of stored air are on one side only of the mining shaft 2.

[0060] FIG. 2 “C” has only one shaft and one level 3 to place balloon-type structure. The depth of this level 3 may be located at the depth of 20 ft. to 2,000 ft.

[0061] Civil engineers would decide what type of storage area would need to be constructed for each job.

[0062] FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the apparatus which acts as a compressor of air from 40 bar to 80 bar.

[0063] Prior Condition to Compression

[0064] There are 3 storage areas. Storage area 1 is at the left in drawing FIG. 3, and contains air at the pressures of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, and 80 bar.

[0065] Storage area 2 is the middle of drawing in FIG. 3 and contains CO2 at pressures of 1. 1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, 80 bar and 100 bar.

[0066] Storage area 3 is on the right side in drawing, FIG. 3 and contains air of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, 80 bar and 100 bar.

[0067] Storage of air and CO2 underground is in 16 ft. diameter balloon-type liners 2000 ft. in length in the balloon-type liners that line tunnels which are at different levels of depth. Higher pressure of air and CO2 require greater depth of the tunnels which contain balloon-type liners.

[0068] Pipe 4 at the beginning contains CO2 at the pressure of 40 bar. Pipe 5 also contains CO2 at the pressure of 40 bar at the beginning. Pipe 6 and pipe 7 contain air at pressure of 40 bar at the beginning.

[0069] Procedure of FIG. 3.

[0070] Air at sustained pressure of 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, and 80 bar push into pipe 4 from storage 1 and pushes piston “P” to the right until pressure increases to 80 bar. The heat of compression in pipe 4 increases the temperature of CO2 to 63 degrees C. as calculated.

[0071] To insure that temperature in pipe 4 increases from 0 degrees C. to at least 40 degrees C., air from storage at 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, 80 bar and 100 bar pushes into pipe 5 and compresses CO2 at 40 bar to 100 bar.

[0072] The temperature increases in pipe 5 to 86 degrees C. as calculated by using the diesel cycle equation.

[0073] Pipe 5 acts only as a heater to the CO2 in pipe 4.

[0074] It is very important that temperature increases at least to 40 degrees C.

[0075] If temperature increases more than 40 degrees C. in pipe 4, expansion will be more than 3.32 times.

[0076] At 40 degrees C. and 80 bar in pipe 4, the CO2 in pipe 4 expands 3.32 times. The increase of 2.32 times the volume of CO2 at 80 bar pushes CO2 into pipe 6 and pipe 7 which are both 3000 ft. in length.

[0077] Pistons in pipe 6 and pipe 7 are pushed to right by CO2 at 80 bar until 3000 ft. of air at 40 bar in both pipes 6 and 7 are compressed to 1500 ft. of air at 80 bar in pipes 6 and 7.

[0078] The result is that 6000 ft. of air at 40 bar is compressed to 3000 ft. of air at 80 bar. The diameter of both pipe 6 and pipe 7 is 2 feet.

Repair Phase

[0079] After CO2 at pressure of 80 bar and density of 281 Kg·m−3 pushes the third piston “P” to the right, and water has been pushed through turbine 10, the CO2 in pipes 6 and 8 pushes into storage underground at the pressure of 80 bar, 75 bar, 70 bar, 60 bar, 40 bar down to 20 bar, down to 1.1 bar. No CO2 or air is lost except for small leakage around valves.

[0080] When all the compressed air and CO2 have been returned to underground storage areas of 1, 2, and 3, part of the repair phase has taken place.

[0081] The density of 281 Kg·m−3 should be returned to the density of 933 Kg·m−3. To do this, two volumes of CO2 at the density of 933 Kg·m−3 and 0 degrees C. is added to 3.32 volumes of CO2 at the density of 281 Kg·m−3 and at 40 degrees C. This mixture is allowed to expand resulting in liquid CO2.

[0082] It may be best to add another volume of CO2 at the same density of 933 Kg·m−3 at the same temperature.

[0083] Calculations: 2.32 volumes increase when expanded from

933 Kg·m−3 to 281 Kg·m−3

[0084] Density=933 Kg·m−3×3=2799 (3 volumes)

2799 divided by 5.32 volumes=526 Kg·m−3 density

[0085] Then the CO2 is allowed to expand, causing the CO2 to become a liquid.

[0086] FIG. 3, a schematic drawing described in detail in the Descriptions, explains how CO2 at 40 bar is changed to CO2 in 80 bar. Commercial compresses are used to compress air and CO2 to storage at the pressure of 150 bar. This compressed air and CO2 pushes into storage to keep pressure in storage area 1 at 80 bar, storage area 2 of CO2 at 100 bar, and storage area 3 of air at 100 bar.

[0087] It is not mandatory for the CO2 gas to return to a liquid since 10.5 2 ft. diameter steel pipes 1500 ft. in length contain CO2 at the pressure of 80 bar resulting from the described operation as shown by FIG. 1.

[0088] Recycling is ready to take place. The energy phase is ready to occur again. There are two set-ups that operate simultaneously. One set-up goes through the energy phase while the other set-up goes through the repair phase. By alternating and using two set-ups the production of electricity is continuous.

CONCLUSION

[0089] As described above, CO2 can be used to produce electricity in a cost effective manner. No pollution occurs in this invention because there is no combustion of fossil fuels required.

Claims

10-15 were cancelled in the revised February 2002 edition of the Patent Application by the authors and claims 16-20 were substituted as an Application-in-Part Continuation because the new claims steps showed how to increase the electricity by starting with storage to produce two-fold plus efficiency with CO2, compressed air, and water. See the first three drawings attached to understand the claims:

16. A process for generating hydroelectric power by using compressed air, CO2, and water comprising steps of:

a) Air from storage at 80 bar pushes into a surge pipe 3 ft. in diameter containing air always of 80 bar into a 2 ft. diameter pipe 2000 ft. in length containing CO2 at the pressure of 40 bar before the piston in pipe is pushed to the right only 3% that caused the compression of the CO2 from 40 bar to 80 bar and also caused an increase of the temperature to 63° C.;

b) at the same time, air pushes into the inside pipe 2000 ft. in length that pushed a piston to the left approximately 4.2% that compressed the CO2 from 50 to 100 bar;

c) increase of the pressure of CO2 from 40 bar to 100 bar increased the temperature from 0° C. to 86.37° C. in the inside pipe 17 inches in diameter;

d) the temperature of CO2 is insured in the outside said pipe in step a to at least 40° after compression from 40 bar to 80 bar;

e) expansion takes place in the outside pipe of said step a to an increase of 2.32 times volume;

f) an increase of 2 times the volume of CO2 of said outside pipe in step a pushes CO2 into three 2 ft. diameter pipes, containing water pushing a piston to the right in each 1000 ft. pipe driving three water turbines;

g) the increase of 0.32 pushes CO2 into 10.5 2 ft. diameter steel pipes which are located in the storage area.

17. The process set forth in claim 16 is incorporated into claim 17 as if re-written here and further adding step:

h) Balloon-type structures were used in a storage area underground for setting the storage presssure of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar and 80 bar which permits saving re-cycling air and CO2 in a closed system.

18. A process for compressing air from 40 bar to 80 bar by using compressed air and compressed CO2 from the storage area, comprising steps of:

a) Air from storage at the sustained pressure of 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar and 80 bar pushes a piston to the right only 3% in a pipe 2 ft. in diameter and 2000 ft in length containing CO2;

b) CO2 is compressed in said pipe of step a from 40 bar to 80 bar while expanding 3.32 times an increase of 2.32 times;

c) at the same time, temperature was caused to reach at least 40° C.;

d) at the same time, the air in the inside pipe 17 inches in diameter pushes a piston to the left only approximately 4.2% compressing CO2 at 40 bar to 100 bar causing heat to rise to 86.37° C.;

e) the point is that CO2 at 86.37° C. in the inside pipe 17 inches in diameter is not allowed to expand while insuring the temperature of the CO2 in the inside pipe 2 ft in diameter to be at least 40° C.;

f) an increase in volume of the CO2 in the 2 ft. diameter outside pipe expands 3000 ft. in length pushing two pistons 1500 ft. to right in two pipes 3000 ft. in length containing air at 40 bar at the beginning;

g) a total of 6000 ft. of air at 40 bar is compressed to 80 bar when expanding CO2 pushes the two pistons to the right in the two pipes each 3000 ft. in length.

19. claim 18 is incorporated into this claim 19 as if re-written and further states:

h) This is a step of using balloon-type structures inside a storage area which contains one balloon-type of structure 16 ft. in diameter for each pipe in the apparatus of said claim at the pressures of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 70 bar and 80 bar, plus, extra balloon-type structures at 40 bar and 80 bar.

20. claim 16 is incorporated into this claim 20 as if re-written and further states:

h) This is a process of generating electricity of said claim 16 by using CO2 which provides a method for sequestration of CO2 when a fossil fuel plant is located in an adjacent area.