Malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticides

Abstract

The present invention relates to malononitrile compounds of formula (Y): 1

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to novel malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticide compositions.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Against pests such as insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests, various pesticide compositions have been used so far for their control. The conditions of pesticide compositions required have drastically been changed, including the care of their effects on the environment and the acquisition of drug resistance by pests to be controlled. Under such circumstances, there have been great demands for the development of new pesticide compositions.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

[0003] The present inventors have extensively studied to find compounds having excellent pest controlling activity. As a result, they have found that the malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) as depicted below have excellent controlling activity against pests such as insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests, thereby reaching the present invention.

[0004] That is, the present invention provides malononitrile compounds of formula (Y): 2

[0005] (hereinafter referred to as the present compound(s)) wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and independently C1-C5 (halo)-alkyl, C1-C5 (halo)alkyloxy, C2-C5 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C5 (halo)alkynyl, hydrogen, or cyano;

[0006] R3 is C3-C6 (halo)cycloalkyl;

[0007] m is an integer of 1 to 3;

[0008] R5 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 (halo)alkyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkynyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxy, C1-C4 (halo)alkylthio, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy, phenyloxy, or phenylthio, in which the phenyloxy and phenylthio groups may optionally be substituted with halogen or C1-C3 alkyl;

[0009] n is an integer of 0 to 4;

[0010] R6 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 (halo)alkyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkynyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxy, C1-C4 (halo)alkylthio, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy, phenyloxy, or phenylthio, in which the phenyloxy and phenylthio groups may optionally be substituted with halogen or C1-C3 alkyl;

[0011] with the proviso that when n is 2 or more, then R5's are the same or different from each other.

[0012] The present invention also provides pesticide compositions comprising the present compounds as active ingredients.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0013] In the definition of substituents as used herein, each group has the following meaning:

[0014] The (halo)alkyl group refers to alkyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0015] The (halo)alkyloxy group refers to alkyloxy optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0016] The (halo)alkenyl group refers to alkenyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0017] The (halo)alkynyl group refers to alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0018] The (halo)alkylthio group refers to alkylthio optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0019] The (halo)alkylsulfinyl group refers to alkylsulfinyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0020] The (halo)alkylsulfonyl group refers to alkylsulfonyl optionally, substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0021] The (halo)alkylcarbonyl group refers to alkylcarbonyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0022] The (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl group refers to alkyloxycarbonyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0023] The (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy group refers to alkylcarbonyloxy optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0024] The (halo)cycloalkyl group refers to cycloalkyl optionally substituted with halogen for one or more than one hydrogen atoms.

[0025] The term “C1-C10” or the like refers to number of carbon atoms constituting the alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group in each substituent. For example, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyl means alkylcarbonyl optionally with halogen for one or more hydrogen atoms wherein the alkyl part is constituted by C1-C4 carbon atom.

[0026] In the present compounds, each group includes specific ones as listed below:

[0027] The C1-C5 (halo)alkyl group represented by R1 or R2 may include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl.

[0028] The C1-C5 (halo)alkyloxy group represented by R1 or R2 may include methoxy, ethoxy, 1-methylethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy.

[0029] The C2-C5 (halo)alkenyl group represented by R1 or R2 may include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2,2-difluorovinyl, and 1,2,2-trifluorovinyl.

[0030] The C2-C5 (halo)alkynyl group represented by R1 or R2 may include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propynyl.

[0031] The C3-C6 (halo)cycloalkyl represented by R3 may include cyclopropyl, 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropyl, 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclopropyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-cyclopropyl, 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-cyclobutyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

[0032] The halogen atom represented by R5 or R6 may include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

[0033] The C1-C4 (halo)alkyl group represented by R5 or R6 may include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoroethyl, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl.

[0034] The C2-C4 (halo)alkenyl group represented by R5 or R6 may include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl and 2,2-difluorovinyl.

[0035] The C2-C4 (halo)alkynyl group represented by R5 or R6 may include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propynyl.

[0036] The C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxy group represented by R5 or R6 may include methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, bromodifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy.

[0037] The C1-C4 (halo)alkylthio group represented by R5 or R6 may include methylthio, trifluoromethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylthio.

[0038] The C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfinyl group represented by R5 or R6 may include methylsulfinyl and trifluoromethylsulfinyl.

[0039] The C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl group represented by R5 or R6 may include methylsulfonyl and trifluoromethylsulfonyl.

[0040] The C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyl group represented by R5 or R6 may include acetyl and trifluoroacetyl.

[0041] The C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl group represented by R5 or R6 may include methoxycarbonyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl.

[0042] The C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy group represented by R5 or R6 may include acetyloxy, propionyloxy, and trifluoroacetyloxy.

[0043] The phenyloxy optionally substituted with halogen or C1-C3 alkyl, which is represented by R5 or R6, may include phenoxy, p-methylphenoxy, m-methylphenoxy, and p-chlorophenoxy.

[0044] The phenylthio group optionally substituted with halogen or C1-C3 alkyl, which is represented by R5 or R6, may include phenylthio, p-methylphenylthio, m-methylphenylthio, and p-chlorophenylthio.

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention may include the following compounds:

[0046] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R1 is hydrogen, and R2 is C1-C5 (halo)alkyl, C2-C5 (halo)alkenyl, or hydrogen;

[0047] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R1 and R2 are both hydrogen;

[0048] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and independently C1-C3 (halo)alkyl, C1-C3 (halo)alkyloxy, C2-C4 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkynyl, hydrogen, or cyano; R5 and R6 are the same or different and independently halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyloxy, C1-C3 (halo)akylthio, C1-C3 (halo)alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 (halo)alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 (halo)alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C3 haloalkyloxycarbonyl;

[0049] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y)-wherein R3 is C3-C4 (halo)cycloalkyl;

[0050] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R5 is halogen, n is an integer of 0 to 2;

[0051] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyloxy, or C1-C4, haloalkylthio;

[0052] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R5 is halogen, n is an integer of 0 to 2 and R6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 (halo)alkyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxy, or C1-C4 (halo)alkylthio;

[0053] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0054] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is difluoromethoxy;

[0055] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0056] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0057] The malononitrile compounds of formula (wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy;

[0058] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is chlorine;

[0059] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is bromine;

[0060] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is fluorine;

[0061] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is cyano;

[0062] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is nitro;

[0063] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0064] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is difluoromethoxy;

[0065] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0066] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0067] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy;

[0068] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is chlorine;

[0069] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is bromine;

[0070] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is fluorine;

[0071] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is cyano;

[0072] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 1, and R6 is nitro;

[0073] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0074] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0075] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0076] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y)-wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is chlorine;

[0077] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is cyano;

[0078] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is nitro;

[0079] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0080] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0081] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0082] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is chlorine;

[0083] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is cyano;

[0084] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclopropyl, m is 1, and R6 is nitro;

[0085] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0086] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0087] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0088] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is −2, and R6 is chlorine;

[0089] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 2, and R6 is bromine;

[0090] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 2, and R6 is fluorine;

[0091] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 2, and R6 is cyano;

[0092] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, m is 2, and R6 is nitro;

[0093] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0094] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0095] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0096] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 iscyclobutyl; m is 2, and R6 is chlorine;

[0097] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is bromine;

[0098] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is fluorine;

[0099] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is cyano;

[0100] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is nitro;

[0101] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2-2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0102] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0103] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0104] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is chlorine;

[0105] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is bromine;

[0106] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is fluorine;

[0107] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is cyano;

[0108] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-dichloro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is nitro;

[0109] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethyl;

[0110] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethoxy;

[0111] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is trifluoromethylthio;

[0112] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is chlorine;

[0113] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is bromine;

[0114] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is fluorine;

[0115] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is cyano;

[0116] The malononitrile compounds of formula (Y) wherein R3 is 2,2-difluoro-1-cyclobutyl, m is 2, and R6 is nitro.

[0117] The following will describe the production processes for the present compounds.

[0118] The preferred compounds among the present compounds are the compounds wherein R6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyloxy or C1-C4 haloalkylthio; or the compounds wherein n is 1 to 3 and at least one of R5 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyloxy or C1-C4 (halo)alkylthio. More preferred compounds are the compounds wherein R6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyloxy or C1-C4 fluoroalkylthio; or the compounds wherein n is 1 to 3 and at least one of R5 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyloxy or C1-C4 fluoroalkylthio.

[0119] The present compounds can be produced by, for example, the following (Production Process 1) or (Production Process 2).

[0120] (Production Process 1)

[0121] This is a process by reacting compound (a) with compound (b) in the presence of a base. 3

[0122] wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, m, and n are as defined above, and Z is halogen, methanesulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, or toluenesulfonyl.

[0123] The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent. The solvent which can be used in the reaction may include acid amides such as dimethylformamide; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; organic sulfur compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide and sulfolane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; water; and mixtures thereof.

[0124] The base which can be used in the reaction may include inorganic bases such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and potassium tert-butoxide; alkali metal amides such as lithium diisopropylamide; and organic bases such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and 1,8-diazabicylco[5.4.0]-7-undecene. The amount of base used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).

[0125] The reaction temperature is usually in the range of −20° C. to 100° C.

[0126] The reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.

[0127] The amount of compound (b) used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).

[0128] After the reaction, the reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystallization.

[0129] (Production Process 2)

[0130] This is a process by reacting compound (c) with compound (d) in the presence of a base. 4

[0131] wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, m, n, and Z are as defined above.

[0132] The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent. The solvent which can be used in the reaction may include acid amides such as dimethylformamide; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; organic sulfur compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide and sulfolane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; water; and mixtures thereof.

[0133] The base which can be used in the reaction may include inorganic bases such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and potassium tert-butoxide; alkali metal amides such as lithium diisopropylamide; and organic bases such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and 1,8-diazabicylco[5.4.0]-7-undecene. The amount of base used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).

[0134] The reaction temperature is usually in the range of −20° C. to 100° C.,

[0135] The reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.

[0136] The amount of compound (b) used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (a).

[0137] After the reaction, the reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystallization.

[0138] The compound (a) can be produced through a route, for example, as shown in the following scheme. 5

[0139] wherein R1, R2, R5, R6, and n are as defined above.

[0140] (Step 1)

[0141] The compound (f) can be produced by reacting compound (e) with malononitrile.

[0142] The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent and in the presence of a base. The solvent which can be used in the reaction may include acid amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chlorobenzene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; and mixtures thereof.

[0143] The base which can be used in the reaction may include tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. The amount of base used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 0.01 to 0.5 mole relative to 1 mole of compound (e).

[0144] The amount of malononitrile used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (e).

[0145] The reaction temperature is usually in the range of —20° C. to 200° C.

[0146] The reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.

[0147] The reaction may be carried out, while removing, if necessary, water which is generated by the reaction, from the reaction system.

[0148] After the reaction, the reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystallization.

[0149] (Step 2)

[0150] (1) The case where R2 is a substituent other than hydrogen and cyano:

[0151] The compound (a) can be produced by reacting compound (f) with an organometallic compound.

[0152] The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent and, if necessary, in the presence of a copper salt.

[0153] The solvent which can be used in the reaction may include ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; and mixtures thereof.

[0154] The organometallic compound which can be used in the reaction may include organic magnesium compounds such as methyl magnesium iodide, ethyl magnesium bromide, isopropyl magnesium bromide, vinyl magnesium bromide, ethynyl magnesium bromide, and dimethyl magnesium; organic lithium compounds such as methyl lithium; organic zinc compounds such as diethyl zinc; and organic copper compounds such as trifluoromethyl copper. The amount of organometallic compound used in the reaction, is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (f).

[0155] The copper salt which can be used in the reaction may include copper (I) iodide and copper (I) bromide. The amount of copper salt used in the reaction is usually not greater than 1 mole relative to 1 mole of compound (f).

[0156] The reaction temperature is usually in the range of −20° C. to 100° C.

[0157] The reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.

[0158] After the reaction, the reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystallization.

[0159] (2) The case where R2 is hydrogen:

[0160] The compound (a) can be produced by subjecting compound (f) to reduction.

[0161] The reduction is usually carried out in a solvent.

[0162] The solvent which can be used in the reaction may include ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol; water; and mixtures thereof.

[0163] The reducing agent which can be used in the reaction may include sodium borohydride. The amount of reducing agent used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 0.25 to 2 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (f).

[0164] The reaction time is usually in the range of a moment to 24 hours.

[0165] The reaction temperature is usually in the range of 0° C. to 50° C.

[0166] After the reaction, the reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystallization.

[0167] (3) The case where R2 is cyano:

[0168] The compound (a) can be produced by reacting compound (f) with a cyanide.

[0169] The solvent which can be used in the reaction may include ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; and mixtures thereof.

[0170] The cyanide which can be used in the reaction may include tetrabutylammonium cyanide. The amount of cyanide used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (f).

[0171] The reaction temperature is usually in the range of −20° C. to 100° C.

[0172] The reaction time is usually in the range of 1 to 24 hours.

[0173] After the reaction, the reaction mixture is poured into water, followed by ordinary post-treatment procedures including extraction with an organic solvent and concentration, thereby isolating the desired present compounds, which may be purified by a technique such as chromatography or recrystallization.

[0174] The pests against which the present compounds exhibit controlling activity may include insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests, specific examples which are as follows:

[0175] Hemiptera:

[0176] Delphacidae such as Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera;

[0177] Deltocephalidae such as Nephotettix cincticeps and Nephotettix virescens;

[0178] Aphididae such as Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae;

[0179] Pentatomidae such as Nezara antennata, Riptortus clavetus, Eysarcoris lewisi, Eysarcoris parvus, Plautia stali and Halyomorpha misia;

[0180] Aleyrodidae such as Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolir;

[0181] Coccidae such as Aonidiella aurantii, Comstockaspis perniciosa, Unaspis citri, Ceroplastes rubens, and Icerya purchasi;

[0182] Tingidae;

[0183] Psyllidae;

[0184] Lepidoptera:

[0185] Pyralidae such as Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Notarcha derogata, and Plodia interpunctella;

[0186] Noctuidae such as Spodoptera litura, Pseudaletia separata, Thoricoplusia spp., Heliothis spp., and Helicoverpa spp.;

[0187] Pieridae such as Pieris rapae;

[0188] Tortricidae such as Adoxophyes spp., Grapholita molesta, and Cydia pomonella;

[0189] Carposinidae such as Carposina niponensis;

[0190] Lyonetiidae such as Lyonetia spp.;

[0191] Lymantriidae such as Lyamantria spp. and Euproctis spp.;

[0192] Yponomentidae such as Plutella xylostella;

[0193] Gelechiidae such as Pectinophora gossypiella;

[0194] Arctiidae such as Hyphantria cunea;

[0195] Tineidae such as Tinea translucens and Tineola bisselliella;

[0196] Diptera:

[0197] Calicidae such as Culex pipiens pallens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex quinquefasciatus;

[0198] Aedes spp. such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus;

[0199] Anopheles spp. such as Anopheles sinensis;

[0200] Chironomidae;

[0201] Muscidae such as Musca domestica and Muscina stabulans;

[0202] Calliphoridae;

[0203] Sarcophagidae;

[0204] Fanniidae;

[0205] Anthomyiidae such as Delia platura and Delia antiqua;

[0206] Tephritidae;

[0207] Drosophilidae;

[0208] Psychodidae;

[0209] Simuliidae;

[0210] Tabanidae;

[0211] Stomoxyidae;

[0212] Agromyzidae;

[0213] Coleoptera:

[0214] Diabrotica spp. such as Diabrotica virgifera and Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi;

[0215] Scarabaeidae such as Anomala cuprea and Anomala rufocuprea;

[0216] Curculionidae such as Sitophilus zeamais, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, and Callosobruchuys chienensis;

[0217] Tenebrionidae such as Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum;

[0218] Chrysomelidae such as Oulema oryzae, Aulacophora femoralis, Phyllotreta striolata, and Leptinotarsa decemlineata;

[0219] Anobiidae;

[0220] Epilachna spp. such as Epilachna vigintioctopunctata;

[0221] Lyctidae;

[0222] Bostrychidae;

[0223] Cerambycidae;

[0224] Paederus fuscipes;

[0225] Dictyoptera:

[0226] Blattella germanica, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, and Blatta orientalis;

[0227] Thysanoptera:

[0228] Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella occidentals, Frankliniella intonsa;

[0229] Hymenoptera:

[0230] Formicidae;

[0231] Vespidae;

[0232] Bethylidae;

[0233] Tenthredimidae such as Athalia japonica;

[0234] Orthoptera:

[0235] Gryllotalpidae;

[0236] Acrididae;

[0237] Siphonaptera:

[0238] Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Pulex irritans, Xenopsylla cheopis;

[0239] Anoplura:

[0240] Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis, Haematopinus eurysternus, and Dalmalinia ovis;

[0241] Isoptera:

[0242] Reticulitermes speratus and Coptotermes formosanus;

[0243] Acarina:

[0244] Tetranychidae such as Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus kanzawai, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, and Oligonychus spp.;

[0245] Eriophyidae such as Aculops pelekassi and Aculus schlechtendali;

[0246] Tarsonemidae such as Polyphagotarsonemus latus;

[0247] Tenuipalpidae;

[0248] Tuckerellidae;

[0249] Ixodidae such as Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, Dermacentor taiwanicus, Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes persulcatus, and Boophilus microplus;

[0250] Acaridae such as Tyrophagus putrescentiae;

[0251] Epidermoptidae such as Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides ptrenyssnus;

[0252] Cheyletidae such as Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus malaccensis, and Cheyletus moorei;

[0253] Dermanyssidae;

[0254] Arachnida:

[0255] Chiracanthium japonicum and Latrodectus hasseltii;

[0256] Chilopoda:

[0257] Thereuonema hilgendorfi and Scolopendra subspinipes;

[0258] Diplopoda:

[0259] Oxidus gracilis and Nedyopus tambanus;

[0260] Isopoda:

[0261] Armadillidium vulgare;

[0262] Gastropoda:

[0263] Limax marginatus and Limax flavus;

[0264] Nematoda:

[0265] Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus fallax, Heterodera glycines, Globodera rostochiensis, Meloidogyne hapla, and Meloidogyne incognita.

[0266] When the present compounds are used as the active ingredients of pesticide compositions, they may be used as such without addition of any other ingredients. However, they are usually used in admixture with solid carriers, liquid carriers and/or gaseous carriers, and if necessary, by addition of adjuvants such as surfactants, followed by formulation into various forms such emulsifiable concentrates, oil formulations, flowables, dusts, wettable powders, granules, paste formulations, microcapsule formulations, foams, aerosol formulations, carbon dioxide gas formulations, tablets, or resin formulations. These formulations may be used by processing into poison baits, shampoo, mosquito coils, electric mosquito mats, smokes, fumigants, or sheets.

[0267] In these formulations, the present compounds are usually contained each in an amount of 0.1% to 95% by weight.

[0268] The solid carrier which can be used in the formulation may include the following materials in fine powder or granular form: clays (e.g., kaolin clay, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, Fubasami clay, acid clay); talc, ceramic, and other inorganic minerals (e.g., sericite, quartz, sulfur, activated carbon, calcium carbonate, hydrated silica); and chemical fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, urea).

[0269] The liquid carrier may include aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., xylene, toluene, alkylnaphthalene, phenylxylylethane, kerosine, light oils, hexane, cyclohexane); halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g., chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane); alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol); ethers (e.g., diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane); esters (e.g., ethyl acetate, butyl acetate); ketones (e.g, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone); nitrites (acetonitrile, isobutyronitrile); sulfoxides (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide); acid amides (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide); vegetable oils (e.g., soy bean oil and cotton seed oil); plant essential oils (eg., orange oil, hyssop oil, lemon oil); and water.

[0270] The gaseous carrier may include butane gas, Freon gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), dimethyl ether, and carbon dioxide.

[0271] The surfactant may include alkyl sulfate salts; alkylsulfonic acid salts; alkylarylsulfonic acid salts; alkyl aryl ethers and their polyoxyethylene derivatives; polyethylene glycol ethers; polyol esters; and sugar alcohol derivatives.

[0272] The other adjuvants may include binders, dispersants, and stabilizers, specific examples of which are casein, gelatin, polysaccharides (e.g., starch, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives, alginic acid), lignin derivatives, bentonite, sugars, synthetic water-soluble polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid), PAP (isopropyl acid phosphate), BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), BHA (mixtures of 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol and 3-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol), vegetable oils, mineral oils, fatty acids, and fatty acid esters.

[0273] The base material for resin formulations may include vinyl chloride polymers and polyurethanes. These base materials may contain, if necessary, plasticizers such as phthalic acid esters (e.g., dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate), adipic acid esters, and stearic acid. The resin formulations can be obtained by kneading the present compounds into the base materials with an ordinary kneader and subsequent forming such as injection molding, extrusion, or pressing. They can be processed, if necessary, though further forming and cutting into resin formulations in various shapes such as plates, films, tapes, nets, or strings. These resin formulations are processed as, for example, collars for animals, ear tags for animals, sheet formulations, attractive strings, or poles for horticultural use.

[0274] The base material for poison baits may include grain powders, vegetable oils, sugars, and crystalline cellulose. If necessary, additional agents may be added, including antioxidants such as dibutylhydroxytoluene and nordihydroguaiaretic acid; preservatives such as dehydroacetic acid; agents for preventing children and pets from erroneously eating, such as hot pepper powder; and pest-attractive flavors such as cheese flavor, onion flavor, and peanut oil.

[0275] The pesticide compositions of the present invention may be used by, for example, direct application to pests and/or application to the habitats of pests (e.g., plant bodies, animal bodies, soil).

[0276] When the pesticide compositions of the present invention-are used for the control of pests in agriculture and forestry, their application amounts are usually 1 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 500 g/ha. Formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, flowables, and microcapsule formulations are usually used after dilution with water to have an active ingredient concentration of 1 to 1000 ppm, while formulations such as dusts and granules are usually used as such. These formulations may be directly applied to plants to be protected from pests. These formulations can also be incorporated into soil for the control of pests inhabiting the soil, or can also be applied to beds before planting or applied to planting holes or plant bottoms in the planting. Further, the pesticide compositions of the present invention in the form of sheet formulations can be applied by the methods in which the sheet formulations are wound around plants, disposed in the vicinity of plants, or laid on the soil surface at the plant bottoms.

[0277] When the pesticide compositions of the present invention are used for the prevention of epidemics, their application amounts as active ingredient amounts are usually 0.001 to 10 mg/m3 for spatial application or 0.001 to 100 mg/m2 for planar application. Formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, and flowables are usually applied after dilution with water to have an active ingredient concentration of 0.01 to 10,000 ppm, while formulations such as oil formulations, aerosols, smokes or poison baits are usually applied as such.

[0278] When the pesticide compositions of the present invention are used for the control of external parasites on domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goat, and fowl or small animals such as dogs, cats, rats, and mice, they can be used by the veterinarily well-known methods. As the specific methods of use, administration is achieved by, for example, tablets, feed incorporation, suppositories, or injections (e.g., intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal) for systemic control, or by, for example, spraying, pour-on treatment, or spot-on treatment with an oil formulation or an aqueous solution, washing animals with a shampoo formulation, or attachment of a collar or ear tag prepared from a resin formulation to animals for non-systemic control. The amounts of the present compounds when administered to animal bodies are usually in the range of 0.1 to 1000 mg per 1 kg weight of each animal.

[0279] The pesticide compositions of the present invention can also be used in admixture or combination with other insecticides, nematocides, acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, synergists, fertilizers, soil conditioners, animal feeds, and the like.

[0280] Examples of the insecticides and acaricides include organophosphorus compounds such as fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate], fenthion [O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl) phosphorothioate], diazinon [O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate], chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate], DDVP [2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethylphosphate], cyanophos [O-4-cyanophenyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate], dimethoate [O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) dithiophosphate], phenthoate [ethyl 2-dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio(phenyl)acetate], malathion [diethyl(dime thoxyphosphinothioylthio)succinate], and azinphosmethyl [S-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-ylmethyl O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate]; carbamate compounds such as BPMC (2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate), benfracarb [ethyl N-[2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yloxycarbonyl(methyl)aminothio]-N-isopropyl-&bgr;-alaninate], propoxur [2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate] and carbaryl [1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate]; pyrethroid compounds such as etofenprox [2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl-3-phenoxybenzyl ether], fenvalerate [(RS)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-butyrate], esfenvalerate [(S)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate], fenpropathrin [(RS)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], cypermethrin [(RS)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], permethrin [3-phenoxybenzyl(1RS)-cis, trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], cyhalothrin [(RS)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], deltamethrin [(S)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxy-benzyl (1R)-cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate], cycloprothrin [(RS)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (RS)-2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate], fluvalinate [&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl N-(2-chloro-&agr;,&agr;,&agr;-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-D-valinate], bifenthrin [2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-(1RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate], 2-methyl-2-(4-bromodifluoro-methoxyphenyl)-propyl 3-phenoxybenzyl ether, tralomethrin [(S)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R-cis)-3-{(1RS)(1,2,2,2-tetrabromoethyl)}-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate], silafluofen [(4-ethoxyphenyl){3-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)propyl}-dimethylsilane], d-phenothrin [3-phenoxybenzyl(1R-cis,trans)-chrysanthemate], cyphenothrin [(RS)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(1R-cis,trans)-chrysanthemate], d-resmethrin [5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl(1R-cis,trans)-chrysanthemate], acrinathrin [(S)-&agr;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(1R,cis(Z))-2,2-dimethyl-3-{3-oxo-3-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyloxy)propenyl}cyclopropanecarboxylate], cyfluthrin [(RS)-&agr;-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], tefluthrin. [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl(1RS-cis(Z))-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], transfluthrin [2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl (1R-trans)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], tetramethrin [3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl(1RS)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate], allethrin [(RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl(1RS)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate], prallethrin [(S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2-propynyl) cyclopent-2-enyl(1R)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate], empenthrin [(RS)-1-ethynyl-2-methyl-2-pentenyl(1R)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate], imiprothrin [2,5-dioxo-3-(prop-2-ynyl)imidazolidin-1-ylmethyl (1R)-cis,trans-2,2′-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate], d-furamethrin [5-(2-propynyl) furfuryl (1R)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate] and 5-(2-propynyl)furfuryl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate; neonicotinoid derivatives such as N-cyano-N′-methyl-N′-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)acetamidine; nitenpyram [N-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitrovynylidenediamine]; thiacloprid [1-(2-chloro-5-pyridylmethyl)-2-cyanoiminothiazoline]; thiamethoxam [3-((2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl)-5-methyl-4-nitroiminotetrahydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine], 1-methyl-2-nitro-3-((3-tetrahydrofuryl)methyl)guanidine and 1-(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine; nitroiminohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as endosulfan [6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine oxide], &ggr;-BHC [1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane] and 1,1-bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol; benzoylphenylurea compounds such as chlorfluazuron [1-(3,5-dichloro-4-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridyn-2-yloxy)phenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea], teflubenzuron [1-(3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea] and flufenoxuron [1-(4-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea]; juvenile hormone like compounds such as pyriproxyfen [4-phenoxyphenyl 2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether], methoprene [isopropyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate] and hydroprene [ethyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate]; thiourea derivatives such as diafenthiuron [N-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N′-tert-butylcarbodiimide]; phenylpyrazole compounds; 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrol-3-carbonitrile [chlorfenapil]; metoxadiazone [5-methoxy-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one], bromopropylate [isopropyl 4,4′-dibromobenzilate], tetradifon [4-chlorophenyl 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl sulfone], chinomethionat [S,S-6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-diyldithiocarbonate], pyridaben [2-tert-butyl-5-(4-tertbutylbenzylthio)-4-chloropyridazin-3(2H)-one], fenpyroximate [tert-butyl (E)-4-[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxypyrazol-4-yl)methyleneaminooxymethyl]benzoate], tebufenpyrad [N-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methyl-5-pyrazolecarboxamide], polynactins complex [tetranactin, dinactin and trinactin], pyrimidifen [5-chloro-N-[2-{4-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylphenoxy}ethyl]-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-amine], milbemectin, abamectin, ivermectin and azadirachtin [AZAD]. Examples of the synergists include bis-(2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropyl)ether (S-421), N-(2-ethylhexyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide (MGK-264) and &agr;-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-methylenedioxy-2-propyltoluene (piperonyl butoxide).

[0281] The present invention will further be illustrated by the following production examples, formulation examples, and test examples; however, the present invention is not limited only to these examples. In the formulation examples, the present compound numbers are those shown in Table 1 below.

[0282] The following will describe some production examples for the present compounds.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 1

[0283] First, 0.50 g of (4-chlorobenzyl)malononitrile was dissolved in 5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, to which 160 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil) was added under ice cooling. After the evolution of hydrogen gas ceased, while stirring under ice cooling, 0.51 ml of bromomethylcyclopropane was added dropwise, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Then, 10% hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture, which was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was successively washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give 0.20 g of 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)malononitrile (the present compound (1)).

[0284] Yield: 31%;

[0285] nD24.5:1.5321.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 2

[0286] Using 0.20 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile, 5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 50 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.16 ml of bromomethylcyclopropane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 55 mg of 2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile (the present compound (2)).

[0287] Yield: 23%;

[0288] nD24.5:1.4719.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 3

[0289] Using 0.50 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile, 6 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 92 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.41 g of bromomethylcyclobutane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 0.13 g of 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile (the present compound (3)).

[0290] Yield: 20%;

[0291] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, &dgr; (ppm)): 1.76-2.04 (4H, m), 2.08 (2H, d), 2.19-2.33 (2H, m), 2.64-2.85 (1H, m), 3.16 (2H, s), 7.26 (2H, d), 7.40 (2H, d).

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 4

[0292] Using 0.50 g of (4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzyl)malononitrile, 6 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 90 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.35 g of bromomethylcyclobutane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 0.14 g of 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzyl)malononitrile (the present compound (4)).

[0293] Yield: 22%;

[0294] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, &dgr; (ppm)): 1.73-2.05 (4H, m), 2.07 (2H, d), 2.19-2.32 (2H, m), 2.64-2.83 (1H, m), 3.18 (2H, s), 7.43 (2H, d), 7.69 (2H, d).

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 5

[0295] Using 0.50 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile, 9 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 96 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.85 g of 1-bromomethyl-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 0.37 g of 2-((2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)methyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile (the present compound (5)).

[0296] Yield: 49%;

[0297] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, 6 (ppm)): 1.41-1.51 (1H, m), 1.87-2.02 (2H, m), 2.04-2.12 (1H, m), 2.51-2.57 (1H, m), 3.27 (2H, s), 7.28 (2H, d), 7.44 (2H, d).

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 6

[0298] Using 0.50 g of (4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile, 21 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 100 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.45 g of bromomethylcyclopropane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 0.17 g of 2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile (the present compound (6)).

[0299] Yield: 28%;

[0300] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, &dgr; (ppm)): 0.37-0.43 (2H, m), 0.72-0.78 (2H, m), 1.01-1.19(1H, m), 1.96 (2H, d), 3.28(2H, s), 7.52 (2H, d), 7.68 (2H, d).

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 7

[0301] Using 0.30 g of (4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile, 5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 0.06 g of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.24 g of bromomethylcyclobutane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 97 mg of 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile (the present compound (7)).

[0302] Yield: 25%;

[0303] 1H-NMR (CDCl3;TMS, &dgr; (ppm)): 1.72-2.04(4H, m), 2.02(2H, d), 2.12-2.27(2H, m), 2.64-2.77(1H, m), 3.14(2H, s), 7.43(2H, d), 7.61(2H, d).

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 8

[0304] Using 0.37 g of (4-cyanobenzyl)malononitrile, 5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 0.12 g of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.32 g of 2-bromomethyl-1,1-dichlorocyclopropane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 0.29 g of 2-(4-cyanobenzyl)-2-((2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)methyl)malononitrile (the present compound (9)).

[0305] Yield: 47%;

[0306] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, &dgr; (ppm)):1.43-1.51(1H,m), 1.90-1.99(2H,m), 2.10-2.19(1H, m)>2.53-2.58(1H, m), 3.32(2H, s), 7.62(2H, d)>7.76(2H, d).

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 9

[0307] Using 0.45 g of (4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile, 5 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, 0.1 g of sodium hydride (60% in oil), and 0.41 g of 2-bromomethyl-1,1-dichlorocyclopropane, and according to the process described in the Production Example 1, there was obtained 2-((2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)methyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile (the present compound (10)).

[0308] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, 6 (ppm)): 1.45-1.48 (1H, m), 1.89-1.97 (2H, m), 2.07-2.14 (1H, m), 2.52-2.58 (1H, m), 3.33 (2H, s), 7.54 (2H, d), 7.71 (2H, d).

[0309] The following will describe some production examples for intermediate compounds as reference production examples.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 1

[0310] First, 1.00 g of (4-chloro-&agr;-methylbenzylidene)malononitrile of the formula: 6

[0311] was dissolved in 20 ml of diethyl ether, to which a catalytic amount of copper (I) iodide was added, and while stirring under ice cooling, a solution of methyl magnesium iodide in diethyl ether (prepared from 0.30 g of magnesium, 10 ml of diethyl ether, and 0.86 ml of methyl iodide) was added dropwise, followed by stirring for 30 minutes under ice cooling. Then, 10% hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture, which was extracted with ethyl ether. The organic layer was successively washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give 0.74 g of (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (2)).

[0312] Yield: 69%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 2

[0313] First, 1.02 g of (4-chlorobenzylidene)malononitrile was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, to which a catalytic amount of copper (I) iodide was added, and while stirring under ice cooling, a solution of isopropyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (prepared from 0.34 g of magnesium, 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and 1.46 ml of isopropyl bromide) was added dropwise, followed by stirring for 30 minutes under ice cooling. Then, 10% hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture, which became acidic and was extracted with ethyl ether. The organic layer was successively washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give 0.66 g of (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (3)).

[0314] Yield: 52%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 3

[0315] First, 4.44° g of (4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)malononitrile was dissolved in 20 ml of ethanol, and while stirring at room temperature, a suspension of 0.19 g of sodium borohydride in 5 ml of ethanol was added dropwise, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, 10% hydrochloride acid was added to the reaction mixture, which became acidic and was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was successively washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give 2.30 g of (4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (4)).

[0316] Yield: 51%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 4

[0317] First, 3.00 g of (4-chloro-&agr;-methylbenzylidene)malononitrile was dissolved in 20 ml of ethanol, and while stirring at room temperature, a suspension of 0.15 g of sodium borohydride in 5 ml of ethanol was added dropwise, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, 10% hydrochloride acid was added to the reaction mixture, which was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was successively washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give 1.70 g of (1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (6)).

[0318] Yield: 56%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 5

[0319] First, 10.0 g of 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde and 3.50 g of malononitrile were dissolved in 60 ml of 70% (w/w) aqueous ethanol, to which a catalytic amount of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution was added to the reaction mixture, which was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from t-butyl methyl ether and hexane to give 9.24 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzylidene)malononitrile.

[0320] Yield: 74%;

[0321] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, 6 (ppm)): 7.37 (2H, d), 7.76 (1H, s), 7.98 (2H, d).

[0322] Then, 2.61 g. of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzylidene)malononitrile was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and while stirring at room temperature, a suspension of 0.11 g of sodium borohydride in 5 ml of ethanol was added dropwise, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, 10% hydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was successively washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give 2.20 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (7)).

[0323] Yield: 83%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 6

[0324] Using 1.19 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzylidene)malononitrile, 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, a catalytic amount of copper (I) iodide, and a solution of isopropyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (prepared from 0.39 g of magnesium, 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and 2.36 g of isopropyl bromide), and according to the process described in Reference Production Example 2, there was obtained 0.77 g of (1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (8)).

[0325] Yield: 55%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 7

[0326] Using 1.19 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzylidene)malononitrile, 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, a catalytic amount of copper (I) iodide, and 12.5 ml of a solution of methyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (about 1 M, available from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd), and according to the process described in Reference Production Example 2, there was obtained 0.76 g of (1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (10)).

[0327] Yield: 60%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 8

[0328] First, 4.46 g of (3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)malononitrile was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and while stirring at room temperature, a suspension of 0.19 g of sodium borohydride in 5 ml of ethanol was added dropwise, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, 10% hydrochloride acid was added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was successively washed with 10% hydrochloric acid, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give 3.15 g of (3,4-dichlorobenzyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (12)).

[0329] Yield: 70%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 9

[0330] Using 4.46 g of (2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)malononitrile, 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and a suspension of 0.19 g of sodium borohydride in 5 ml of ethanol, and according to the process described in Reference Production Example 8, there was obtained 3.10 g of (2,4-dichlorobenzyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (13)).

[0331] Yield: 69%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 10

[0332] First, 10.0 g of 4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzaldehyde and 2.92 g of malononitrile were dissolved in 50 ml of 70% (w/w) aqueous ethanol, to which a catalytic amount of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution was added to the reaction mixture, which was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized with a solvent system consisting of t-butyl methyl ether and hexane to give 10.5 g of (4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzylidene)malononitrile.

[0333] Yield: 85%;

[0334] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, &dgr; (ppm)): 7.78 (1H, s), 7.79 (2H; d), 7.93 (2H, d).

[0335] Then, 8.00 g of (4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzylidene)malononitrile and 3.35 g of benzaldehyde were dissolved in 320 ml of ethanol, and while stirring at room temperature, 3.41 g of phenylenediamine was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. Then, the reaction mixture was concentrated, 300 ml of t-butyl methyl ether was added, and insoluble matters were filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the resulting residue was subjected to silica gel chromatography to give 6.22 g of (4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzyl)malononitrle (the intermediate (14)).

[0336] Yield: 77%.

REFERENCE PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 11

[0337] Using 4.00 g of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzylidene)malononitrile, 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 175 mg of copper (I) bromide dimethyl sulfide complex, and 26 ml of a solution (0.98 M) of vinyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran, and according to the process described in Reference Production Example 2, there was obtained 1.60 g of (1-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl)malononitrile (the intermediate (15)).

[0338] The intermediate compounds used in the production of the present compounds are shown below with the compound numbers and physical data.

[0339] Intermediate (1)

[0340] (4-Chlorobenzyl)malononitrile 7

[0341] m.p.: 96.9° C.

[0342] Intermediate (2)

[0343] (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-methylethyl)malononitrile 8

[0344] nD22.0:1.5372.

[0345] Intermediate (3)

[0346] (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl)malononitrile 9

[0347] nD21.5:1.5289.

[0348] Intermediate (4)

[0349] (4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzyl)malononitrile 10

[0350] m.p.: 79.1° C.

[0351] Intermediate (5)

[0352] (4-Cyanobenzyl)malononitrile 11

[0353] m.p.: 118.7° C.

[0354] Intermediate (6).

[0355] (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl)malononitrile 12

[0356] nD24.5:1.5349.

[0357] Intermediate (7)

[0358] (4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)malononitrile 13

[0359] m.p.: 88.3° C.

[0360] Intermediate (8)

[0361] (1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-2-methylpropyl)malononitrile 14

[0362] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, &dgr; (ppm)): 0.83 (3H, d), 1.16 (3H, d), 2.29-2.45 (1H, m), 2.87 (1H, dd), 4.18 (1H, d), 7.25-7.30 (2H, m), 7.38-7.42 (2H, m).

[0363] Intermediate (9)

[0364] (4-Bromobenzyl)malononitrile 15

[0365] m.p.: 97.7° C.

[0366] Intermediate (10)

[0367] (1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)malononitrile 16

[0368] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, &dgr; (ppm)): 1.65 (3H, d), 3.49 (1H, dq), 3.85 (1H, d), 7.24-7.29 (2H, m), 7.38-7.42 (2H, m).

[0369] Intermediate (11)

[0370] (4-Fluorobenzyl)malononitrile 17

[0371] m.p.: 117.2° C.

[0372] Intermediate (12)

[0373] (3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)malononitrile 18

[0374] m.p.: 83.3° C.

[0375] Intermediate (13)

[0376] (2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)malononitrile 19

[0377] m.p.: 62.5° C.

[0378] Intermediate (14)

[0379] (4-(Trifluoromethylthio)benzyl)malononitrile 20

[0380] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, 6 (ppm)): 3.15 (2H, d), 3.95 (1H, t), 7.37 (2H, d), 7.70 (2H, d).

[0381] Intermediate (15)

[0382] (1-(4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl))-2-propenylmalononitrile 21

[0383] 1H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS, 6 (ppm)): 3.95-4.03 (2H, m), 5.40-5.53 (2H, m), 6.08-6.19 (1H, m), 7.28 (2H, d), 7.39 (2H, d).

[0384] Specific examples of the present compounds are shown in Table 1 with the compound numbers. 1 TABLE 1 The compounds of formula (Y): (Y) 22 No. R1 R2 m R3 (R5)n R6 1 H H 1 cyclopropyl — Cl 2 H H 1 cyclopropyl — OCF3 3 H H 1 cyclobutyl — OCF3 4 H H 1 cyclobutyl — SCF3 5 H H 1 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl — OCF3 6 H H 1 cyclopropyl — CF3 7 H H 1 cyclobutyl — CF3 8 H H 1 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl — Cl 9 H H 1 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl — CN 10 H H 1 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl — CF3 11 H H 2 cycloplopyl — CF3 12 H H 2 cycloplopyl — Cl 13 H H 2 cycloplopyl 3-Cl Cl 14 H H 2 cycloplopyl 3-F F 15 H H 2 cycloplopyl 3-F CF3 16 H H 2 cycloplopyl — CN 17 H H 2 cycloplopyl — NO2 18 CH3 H 2 cycloplopyl — Cl 19 H H 2 cyclobutyll — CF3 20 H H 2 cyclobutyl 3-F CF3 21 H H 2 cyclobutyl 3-Cl Cl 22 H H 2 cyclobutyl — CN 23 CH3 H 2 cyclobutyl 3-F Cl 24 CH(CH3)2 H 2 cyclobutyl — NO2 25 H H 1 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl — CN 26 H H 1 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl — CF3 27 H H 1 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl 3-F F 28 H H 1 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl — OCF3 29 H H 2 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl — Cl 30 CH3 H 2 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl — CN 31 H H 2 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl — CF3 32 H H 2 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl 3-CF3 H 33 H H 2 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl — CF3 34 H H 2 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl 3-Cl CF3 35 CH3 H 2 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl — Cl

[0385] The following will describe some formulation examples wherein parts represent parts by weight. The present compounds are designated by their compound numbers shown in Table 1.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 1

[0386] Nine parts of each of the present compounds (1) to (25) is dissolved in 37.5 parts of xylene and 37.5 parts of dimethylformamide, and 10 parts of polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether and 6 parts of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate are added thereto, followed by well stirring and mixing, to give an emulsifiable concentrate for each compound.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 2

[0387] To 40 parts of each of the present compounds (1) to (25) is added 5 parts of Sorpol® 5060 (Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), followed by well mixing, and 32 parts of Carplex® #80 (synthetic hydrated silicone oxide fine powder; Shionogi & Co., Ltd.) and 23 parts of 300 mesh diatomaceous earth are added, which is mixed with a mixer to give a wettable powder for each compound.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 3

[0388] To 3 parts of each of the present compounds (1) to (25) are added 5 parts of synthetic hydrated silicon oxide fine powder, 5 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 30 parts of bentonite, and 57 parts of clay, followed by well stirring and mixing, and an appropriate amount of water is added to this mixture, followed by further stirring, granulation with a granulator, and air drying, to give a granule for each compound.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 4

[0389] First, 4.5 parts of each of the present compounds (1) to (25), 1 part of synthetic hydrated silicon oxide fine powder, 1 part of Doriresu B (Sankyo Co., Ltd.) as a flocculant, and 7 parts of clay are well mixed with a mortar, followed by stirring and mixing with a mixer. To the resulting mixture is added 86.5 parts of cut clay, followed by well stirring and mixing, to give a dust for each compound.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 5

[0390] Ten parts of each of the present compounds (1) to (25), 35 parts of white carbon containing 50 parts of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ammonium salt, and 55 parts of water are mixed and pulverized by the wet grinding method to give a formulation for each compound.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 6

[0391] First, 0.5 parts of each of the present compounds (1) to (25) is dissolved in 10 parts of dichloromethane, which is mixed with 89.5 parts of ISOPAR® M (isoparaffin; Exxon Chemical Co.) to give an oil formulation for each compound.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 7

[0392] First, 0.1 parts of the present compounds (1) to (25) and 49.9 parts of NEO-CHIOZOL (Chuo Kasei K.K.) are put into an aerosol can, to which an aerosol valve is attached. Then, 25 parts of dimethyl ether and 25 parts of LPG are filled in the aerosol can, followed by shaking and, attachment of an actuator, to give an oil-based aerosol.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 8

[0393] First, 0.6 parts of each of the present compounds (1) to (25), 0.01 parts of BHT, 5 parts of xylene, 3.39 parts of deodorized kerosine, and 1 part of an emulsifier (Atmos 300; Atmos Chemical Co.) are mixed to become a solution. Then, this solution and. 50 parts of distilled water are filled in an aerosol can, to which a valve part is attached, and 40 parts of a propellant (LPG) is filled under pressure through the valve in the aerosol can to give a water-based aerosol.

[0394] The following test example will demonstrate that the present compounds are useful as the active ingredients of pesticide compositions. The present compounds are designated by their compound numbers shown in Table 1.

TEST EXAMPLE 1

Pesticidal Test against Nilaparvata Lugens

[0395] Each formulation of the compound 5, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound. And formulation of the compound 4 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 200 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound.

[0396] Fifty grams of molding Bonsoru 2 (available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was put into a polyethylene cup, and 10 to 15 seeds of rice were planted in the polyethylene cup. Then rice plants were grown until the second foliage leaves developed and then cut into the same height of 5 cm. The test liquid for application prepared above was sprayed at the rate of 20 ml/cup onto these rice plants. After the test liquid sprayed onto the rice plants were dried, the polyethylene cup with the rice plants was placed in a large polyethylene cup and 30 first-instar larvae of Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) were set free in the large cup, which was then kept covered and left in a greenhouse at 25° C. On the 6th day after the release of Nilaparvata lugens larvae, the number of Nilaparvata lugens parasitic on the rice plants was examined.

[0397] As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, the number of parasitic pests on the 6th day after the treatment was not greater than 3.

TEST EXAMPLE 2

Pesticidal Test against Nilaparvata lugens

[0398] Each formulation of the compound 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 45.5 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound.

[0399] Fifty grams of molding Bonsoru 2 (available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was put into a polyethylene cup having five holes of 5 mm, and 10 to 15 seeds of rice were planted in the polyethylene cup. Then rice plants were grown until the second foliage leaves developed and the polyethylene cup with the rice plants was placed in a large cup containing 55 ml of the test liquid, which had been prepared as described above, was poured. The rice plants were left in a greenhouse at 25° C. for 6 days and then cut into the same height of 5 cm. Thirty first-instar larvae of Nilaparvata lugens were set free in the large cup, which was then kept covered and left in a greenhouse at 25° C. On the 6th day after the release of Nilaparvata lugens larvae, the number of Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) parasitic on the rice plants was examined.

[0400] As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, the number of parasitic pests on the 6th day after the treatment was not greater than 3.

TEST EXAMPLE 3

Pesticidal Test against Nilaparvata lugens

[0401] Each formulation of the compound 1 and 2 obtained according to Formulation Example 1 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound.

[0402] A bundle of 3 to 4 of cotyledons (height of 3 to 5 cm) of rice was immersed in the test liquid, which had been prepared as described above, for 1 minute. After the test liquid treated the rice plants was dried, a filter paper moistened with 1 ml of water was place on a bottom of polyethylene cup and then the bundle of cotyledons of rice was placed on it. Thirty first-instar larvae of Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) were set free in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered and left in a greenhouse at 25° C. On the 6th day after the release of Nilaparvata lugens larvae, the number of Nilaparvata lugens parasitic on the rice plants was examined.

[0403] As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, the number of parasitic pests on the 6th day after the treatment was not greater than 3.

TEST EXAMPLE 4

Pesticidal Test against Diabrotica undecimpunctata

[0404] Each formulation of the compound 1 and 2 obtained according to Formulation Example 1 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 50 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound.

[0405] On the bottom of a polyethylene cup of 5 cm in diameter was placed a filter paper, to which the test liquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 1 ml. One germinated seed of corn and 30 to 50 eggs of Diabrotica undecimpunctata (southern corn rootworm) was placed on the filter paper in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered and left in a room at 25° C. On the 6th day after, the number of surviving larvae of Diabrotica undecimpunctata was examined.

[0406] As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, the number of surviving pests on the 6th day after was 0.

TEST EXAMPLE 5

Pesticidal Test against Musca domestics

[0407] Each formulation of the compound 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound.

[0408] On the bottom of a polyethylene cup of 5.5 cm in diameter was placed a filter paper on the same size, to which the test liquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 0.7 ml, and 30 mg of sucrose as a bait was placed on it. Ten female adults of Musca domestics (house fly) were set free in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered. After 24 hours, their survival was examined to determine the mortality.

[0409] As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, it was exhibited the mortality of 100%.

TEST EXAMPLE 6

Pesticidal Test against Blattalla germanica

[0410] Each formulation of the compound 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound.

[0411] On the bottom of a polyethylene cup of 5.5 cm in diameter was placed a filter paper on the same size, to which the test liquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 0.7 ml, and 30 mg of sucrose as a bait was placed on it. Two male adults of Blattalla germanica (German cockroach) were set free in the polyethylene cup, which was then kept covered. After 6 days, their survival was examined to determine the mortality.

[0412] As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, it was exhibited the mortality of 100%.

TEST EXAMPLE 7

Pesticidal Test against Culex pipiens pallens

[0413] Each formulation of the compound 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 obtained according to Formulation Example 5 was diluted with water so that the active ingredient concentration came to 500 ppm to prepare a test liquid for each compound.

[0414] In 100 ml of ion-exchanged water, the test liquid had been prepared as described above, was added dropwise in an amount of 0.7 ml (the concentration of active ingredient was 3.5 ppm). Twenty final-instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens (common mosquito) were set free in the solution. After 1 days, their survival was examined to determine the mortality.

[0415] As a result, in the treatment with each of the compounds described above, it was exhibited the mortality of 100%.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0416] The present invention makes it possible to effectively control pests such as insect pests, acarine pests, and nematode pests.

Claims

1. A malononitrile compound of formula (Y):

23

wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and independently C1-C5 (halo)alkyl, C1-C5 (halo)alkyloxy, C2-C5 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C5 (halo)alkynyl, hydrogen, or cyano;

R3 is C3-C6 (halo)cycloalkyl;

m is an integer of 1 to 3;

R5 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 (halo)alkyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkynyl, C1-C3 (halo)alkyloxy, C1-C4 (halo)alkylthio, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy, phenyloxy, or phenylthio, in which the phenyloxy and phenylthio groups may optionally be substituted with halogen or C1-C3 alkyl;

n is an integer of 0 to 4;

R6 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 (halo)alkyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkynyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxy, C1-C4 (halo)alkylthio, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-C4 (halo)alkylcarbonyloxy, phenyloxy, or phenylthio, in which the phenyloxyl and phenylthio groups may optionally be substituted with halogen or C1-C3 alkyl;

with the proviso that when n is 2 or more, then R5's are the same or different from each other.

2. The malononitrile compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyloxy or C1-C4 haloalkylthio.

3. The malononitrile compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are both hydrogen.

4. The malononitrile compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl, and m is 1.

5. The malononitrile compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and independently C1-C3 (halo)alkyl, C1-C3 (halo)alkyloxy, C2-C4 (halo)alkenyl, C2-C4 (halo)alkynyl, hydrogen, or cyano; R5 and R6 are the same or different and independently halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyloxy, C1-C3 (halo)alkylthio, C1-C3 (halo)alkylsulfinyl, C1-C3 (halo)alkylsulfonyl, C1-C3 (halo)alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C3 haloalkyloxycarbonyl.

6. The malononitrile compound according to claim 5, wherein R3 is C3-C5 (halo)cycloalkyl and m is 1.

7. A pesticide composition comprising the malononitrile compound of claim 1 as an active ingredient and a carrier.

8. A pest controlling method comprising applying a pesticidally effective amount of the malononitrile compound of claim 1 to pests or habitats of pests.

9. The pest controlling method according to claim 7, wherein the pests are insect pests.

10. Use of the malononitrile compound of claim 1 as an active ingredient of a pesticide.