Write-head having recessed magnetic material in gap region

Abstract

As track densities increase, it becomes increasingly important, while writing in a given track, not to inadvertently write data in adjoining tracks. This problem has been overcome by limiting the width of material in the ABS plane to what it is at the write gap. The part of the lower pole that is wider than this is recessed back away from the ABS, thereby greatly reducing its magnetic influence on adjacent tracks. Four different embodiments of write heads that incorporate this notion are described together with a description of a general process for their manufacture.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the general field of magnetic write heads with particular reference to eliminating neighboring track erasure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A typical write head structure for a magnetic disk system is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1. Its principal parts are lower pole 12 and upper pole 11 (commonly referred to as P1 and P2, respectively. These are magnetically connected at one end and separated by a small non-magnetic layer 13 (the write gap) at the other end. The track width will be defined by the P2 width at the gap. P1 may be notched through a self aligned process, known as partial pole trim (PPT), to better define the written transitions. Coil 14 is located in the space enclosed by P1 and P2 and is the source of the magnetic field that is focused by the two pole pieces. All seen in the figure is a magnetic shield layer 16 which is electrically isolated from the lower pole by dielectric layer 15.

FIG. 2 shows a variation on the basic design seen in FIG. 1. In this case a secondary upper pole 21 is ‘stitched’ in between 11 (P2) and gap 13. This is for ease of fabrication so that the track width definition can be done on relatively flatter topography. An additional feature, not present in the design of FIG. 1, is shallow trench 22 which is etched into lower pole 12. Since trench 22 has sloping sides, the depth to which it is etched can be used to fine tune the length of lower pole 12 that is part of the write gap 13. This is usually referred to as the throat. This allows for a further concentration of the available flux within the write gap. In the stitched pole design, the track width is defining part of pole 21 as well as the back gap connection 23 which are fabricated immediately following the deposition of write gap 13.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of part of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 as seen when looking up from the magnetic track at the air bearing surface that passes over it (so-called ABS view). It is important to note that the surfaces of the upper pole (11 in FIG. 1 or 21 in FIG. 2), the gap 13, and the lower pole 12, are all coplanar. One consequence of this, the standard structure in use today, is the unintended erasure of adjacent tracks on the disk as narrower tracks and higher track densities are developed. Most improvements that have been proposed, such as increased PPT depth, smooth P1 topography, and narrower gap all come with either process challenges or reduced on track writeablity performance.

As track densities increase, the read head extracts the recorded information from an ever decreasing narrow track. It becomes increasingly important not to affect the integrity of this narrow track of data. In the structure shown in FIG. 3, P2 has magnetic material confined to the written track. P1. however, still includes material that extends outside the track width (TW) defining region. This may lead to unintended writing on an adjacent track and may therefore affect the data integrity of the system.

A routine search of the prior art was performed with the following references of interest being found:

U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,511 B1 (Shi et al.) shows a process for a improved Write head. U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,481 (Feng et al.) shows a pole trimming process for a write head. U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,521 (Ju et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,802,700 (Chen et al.) are related patents. U.S. Pat. No. 5,652,687 (Chen et al.) shows a planarized write head process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has been an object of at least one embodiment of the present invention to provide a magnetic write head that does not write unintentionally onto data tracks located on either side of the track that is being written.

Another object of at least one embodiment of the present invention has been that this be accomplished without a reduction in write field strength or track density.

Still another object of at least one embodiment of the present invention has been to provide a process for the manufacture said write head.

A further object of at least one embodiment of the present invention has been that said process not require significant modification of existing processes for the manufacture of write heads.

These objects have been achieved by limiting the width of material in the ABS plane to what it is at the write gap. The part of the lower pole that is wider than this is recessed away from the ABS, thereby greatly reducing its magnetic influence on adjacent tracks. Four different embodiments of write heads that incorporate this notion are described together with a description of a general process for their manufacture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a basic read head design.

FIG. 2 shows the basic design of FIG. 1 modified by use of a stitched upper pole.

FIG. 3 is the ABS view of FIGS. 1 and 2 in isometric projection.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of FIG. 1 modified according to the teachings of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of FIG. 2 modified according to the teachings of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a portion of a fourth embodiment.

FIGS. 8-12 illustrate successive steps in the manufacture of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an isometric view of part of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The key novel feature of the present invention is the restriction of the width of P1 to TW for a distance such that there is no P1 wider than the track width at the ABS. This is achieved by causing P1 beyond this distance to be recessed away from the ABS, thereby greatly reducing its magnetic influence on the adjacent tracks. Thus, the amount of P1 at the ABS should exceed the amount of P1 that is recessed

1^st Embodiment

Referring now to FIG. 4, we show there a structure that is similar to the one shown in FIG. 1, but modified in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. As before, upper pole 11 and lower pole 12 enclose, between them, field coil 14. The key novel feature is ledge 41 of magnetic (high permeability) material that extends outwards away from the main body of lower pole 12. The outer edge of ledge 41 has the same width as, and is in alignment with, the outer edge of top pole 11 so that write gap 13 lies between them and said widths define the track width TW. As a result, most of bottom pole 12 is set back some distance from the ABS and so has relatively little magnetic interaction with the disk surface. FIG. 7 is an isometric view that illustrates the spatial relationships between top pole 11 and bottom poles 41 and 12.

For purposes of simplification, FIG. 4 has been drawn as though ledge 41 is a cantilever. In actuality, a layer of insulation is present below 41 to support it. Details of this support layer are provided later, in the section where we describe the process for manufacturing this structure.

2^nd Embodiment

FIG. 5 shows a structure similar that seen in FIG. 2. As before, there is a general similarity to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 with the addition of stitched secondary top pole 21 and shallow trench 22. The key departure is the addition to the structure of ledge 51, which analogous to ledge 41 of the first embodiment, and serves the same purpose. FIG. 7 is an isometric view that illustrates the spatial relationships between top pole 21 and bottom poles 51 and 12 while FIG. 13 is a plan view of this structure.

3^rd Embodiment

This variation of the basic structure is sometimes preferred because certain parts, such as pole 11, are easier to manufacture. By going to a somewhat thicker inter-pole connector 23 and using a single turn for field coil 23, top pole 11 can be flat rather than humped, as in the previous two embodiments. The bottom pole in this case is composed of two layers, 62 and 12, which, in prior art versions of this variant (not shown), would extend from bottom pole 12 all the way to write gap 13.

As seen in FIG. 6, in the structure of the present invention the secondary bottom pole is in two parts 62 and 63. Part 62 extends upwards from bottom pole 12 but not all the way to write gap 13. This leaves room for second part 63 which, in addition to extending the rest of the way up to the write gap, also extends laterally away from part 62 so as to be aligned with the ABS end of top pole 11. As a result, the lower part of the secondary bottom pole and all of the main bottom pole 12 are set back from the ABS, thereby reducing their magnetic interaction with the write track.

4^th Embodiment

This embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 14, entails still further modification of the three embodiments just discussed. In all three cases, there is no recessing of the secondary lower poles, recessing being delayed so that portion 12a of the primary lower pole also remains coplanar with the ABS. The remainder 12b of the primary lower pole is recessed as in the previous embodiments. This embodiment is unsuitable for extremely high track densities (greater than about 125,000 tracks per inch) but for lesser densities its advantage is manufacturability; the thickness and height of 12a (the non-recessed part of P1) and the depth of the partial pole trim (41, 51, 62) do not need to be the same.

Manufacturing Process

Referring now to FIG. 8, the process of the present invention begins with the provision of substrate 15 on which is deposited, and then patterned, layer 12 of a high magnetic permeability material to form the primary lower pole. Next, as seen in FIG. 9, layer of insulating material 91 is deposited on substrate 15 as well as on primary lower pole 12, making sure that its thickness exceeds that of 12.

The structure is then planarized until all insulating material has been removed from over the primary lower pole so that the remaining insulation abuts, and extends away from, the primary pole. This is illustrated in FIG. 10. Second layer 110 of high magnetic permeability material is next deposited and patterned to form a secondary lower pole that covers primary pole 12 and extends over insulating layer 91 on one side so as to form ledge 112. Optionally, an additional layer 114 of insulation may be introduced (in the same way as just described for 91) to fill in the part above 91 that is not covered by 110. Since 110 is relatively thin, this step may be omitted without significant consequence.

In the case of the second embodiment (FIG. 5), shallow trench 22 is formed at this time. For all embodiments, completion of the structure now proceeds along routine lines—field coil 14 is formed over, and insulated from, the lower poles following which the upper magnetic pole 11 is formed to overlie it. At one end the two poles are in magnetic contact with one another while at the other end they are by layer of non-magnetic material 13 to form the write gap whose width serves to define the track width TW. Finally, the ABS end of the structure is planarized as far as plane 115, thereby determining how far ledge 112 extends out away from the main body of the lower pole.

Claims

1. A magnetic write head, having an air bearing surface, comprising:

upper and lower magnetic poles each having a first surface, said first surfaces being parallel and non-opposing;

extending for an amount in a direction normal to said first surfaces, one pedestal from each pole, said pedestals having second surfaces that are coplanar, parallel to, and opposed to, said first surfaces;

said pedestals being separated from one another by a non-magnetic layer whereby a write gap is defined;

said pedestals having a common width that defines a track width;

each pedestal extending away from said write gap for a distance whereby most of said pole is set back some distance from said air bearing surface and therefore has little magnetic interaction therewith.

2. The write head described in claim 1 wherein said track width is between about 0.05 and 1 micron.

3. The write head described in claim 1 wherein said amount that said pedestals extend away from said poles is between about 0.1 and 1 micron.

4. A magnetic write head, comprising:

on a substrate, a first layer of high magnetic permeability material that serves as a primary lower magnetic pole;

an non-magnetic layer that abuts, and extends away from, said primary pole on a first side;

a second layer of high magnetic permeability material that serves as a secondary lower pole and covers said primary pole extending over said non-magnetic layer on said first side as a ledge having a width;

a field coil over, and insulated from, said lower poles;

an upper magnetic pole that overlies said field coil, contacts said lower pole at a second side that opposes said first side, and that is separated from said ledge by a layer of non-magnetic material that is a write gap, said upper pole having, at the write gap, a width equal to said ledge width, whereby it defines a track width; and

said ledge extending away from said primary lower pole by an amount.

5. The write head described in claim 4 wherein said first layer of high magnetic permeability material is NiFe, CoNiFe, FeTaN, FeAIN, CoTaN, CoAIN, or CoFeN and has a thickness between about 0.3 and 3 microns.

6. The write head described in claim 4 wherein said non-magnetic layer is silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, Al, Rh, Ru, Cu, NiCu, or Ta.

7. The write head described in claim 4 wherein said second layer of high magnetic permeability material is NiFe, CoNiFe, FeTaN, FeAIN, CoTaN, CoAIN, or CoFeN and has a thickness between about 0.2 and 2 microns.

8. The write head described in claim 4 wherein said upper magnetic pole is NiFe, CoNiFe, FeTaN, FeAIN, CoTaN, CoAIN, or CoFeN and has a thickness between about 0.3 and 3 microns.

9. The write head described in claim 4 wherein said width is between about 0.05 and 1 microns.

10. The write head described in claim 4 wherein said amount that said ledge extends away from said primary lower pole is between about 0.1 and 1 microns.

11. A stitched pole magnetic write head, comprising:

on a substrate, a first layer of high magnetic permeability material that serves as a primary lower magnetic pole;

an insulating layer that abuts, and extends away from, said primary pole on a first side;

a second layer of high magnetic permeability material that serves as a secondary lower pole and covers said primary pole, extending over said insulating layer on said first side as a ledge having a width and a length;

a depression in said lower pole that determines the value of said length;

a field coil over, and insulated from, said lower pole;

an upper magnetic pole that overlies said field coil and that contacts said lower pole at a second side that opposes said first side;

a flux concentrating pole, that contacts said upper pole and extends downwards therefrom above said ledge and that is separated from said ledge by a layer of non-magnetic material, whereby it forms a write gap, said flux concentrating pole having a width, at the write gap, equal to said ledge width, whereby it defines a track width; and

said ledge extending beyond said primary lower pole by an amount.

12. The stitched pole magnetic head described in claim 11 wherein the width of said ledge is between about 0.05 and 1 microns.

13. The stitched pole magnetic head described in claim 11 wherein the length of said ledge is between about 0.1 and 1 microns.

14. The stitched pole magnetic head described in claim 11 wherein said depression has a depth that is between about 0.1 and 1 Angstroms.

15. The stitched pole magnetic head described in claim 11 wherein the amount said ledge extends beyond said primary lower pole is between about 0.1 and 1 microns.

16. A magnetic write head, comprising:

on a substrate, a flat primary lower magnetic pole having a first length and first and second ends;

at a separation distance over said lower magnetic pole, a flat upper magnetic pole having a second length that is greater then said first length whereby said upper pole has an end, that has a width, that projects beyond said lower pole only at said first end;

said upper pole being magnetically connected to said lower pole at said second end;

between said upper and lower poles, a field coil that is insulated from both said poles;

a secondary lower pole having first and second parts;

said first part extending upwards from said primary lower pole's first end to a first height;

said second part extending laterally from said first part so as to be in alignment with said upper pole end;

said second part also extending upwards to a second height above said lower pole that is greater than said first height; and

said second part being separated from said upper pole by a layer of non-magnetic material, whereby it forms a write gap, said second pole having a width, at the write gap, equal to said upper pole width, whereby it defines a track width.

17. The magnetic write head described in claim 16 wherein the first length of said primary magnetic pole is between about 5 and 25 microns.

18. The magnetic write head described in claim 16 wherein the separation distance over said lower magnetic pole is between about 0.05 and 0.2 microns.

19. The magnetic write head described in claim 16 wherein the width of said upper pole end is between about 1.5 and 3 times said track width.

20. The magnetic write head described in claim 16 wherein said first height is between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns.

21. The magnetic write head described in claim 16 wherein said second height is between about 0.1 and 1 microns.

22. A magnetic write head, comprising:

on a substrate, a primary lower magnetic pole having a first thickness, an upper surface, and first and second ends;

part of said primary lower pole having the form of a shelf that extends outwards away from said first end by an amount, while sharing said upper surface, and having a thickness less than said first thickness;

a secondary lower pole, having a width, that extends upwards from said shelf, to a height, and inwards from said third end by an amount;

a field coil over, and insulated from, said lower poles; and

an upper magnetic pole that overlies said field coil, contacts said primary lower pole near said second end, and that is separated from said secondary lower pole by a layer of non-magnetic material, whereby it forms a write gap, said upper pole having a width, at the write gap, equal to said secondary lower pole width, whereby it defines a track width.

23. The magnetic read head described in claim 22 Wherein the thickness of said primary lower magnetic pole is between about 0.5 and 3 microns.

24. The magnetic read head described in claim 22 wherein the thickness of said shelf is between about 0.2 and 2 microns.

25. The magnetic read head described in claim 22 wherein the amount that said shelf extends outwards is between about 0.1 and 2 microns.

26. The magnetic read head described in claim 22 wherein the width of said secondary lower pole is between about 0.05 and 1 microns.

27. The magnetic read head described in claim 22 wherein the height that said secondary lower pole extends upwards from said shelf is between about 0.2 and 2 microns.

28. The magnetic read head described in claim 22 wherein the amount that said secondary lower pole extends inwards from said third end is between about 0.05 and 0.2 microns.

29. A process to manufacture a magnetic write head, comprising:

on a substrate, depositing and then patterning a first layer of high magnetic permeability material to form a primary lower magnetic pole;

depositing a layer of insulating material on said substrate and on said primary lower pole to a thickness greater than that of said primary lower pole to form a structure;

planarizing the structure until all insulating material has been removed from over said primary lower pole, whereby said insulating layer abuts, and extends away from, said primary pole on one side;

depositing and patterning a second layer of high magnetic permeability material to form a secondary lower pole that covers said primary pole and extends over said insulating layer on said one side as a ledge having a width;

forming a field coil over, and insulated from, said secondary lower pole;

forming an upper magnetic pole that overlies said field coil, contacts said lower pole at a location well removed from said one side, and that is separated from said ledge by a layer of non-magnetic material, thereby forming a write gap, said upper pole having a width, at the write gap, equal to said ledge width, thereby defining a track width; and

through planarizing, removing material from said ledge, said write gap, and said upper pole until said ledge extends beyond said primary lower pole by a final amount.

30. The process described in claim 29 further comprising:

forming a stitched pole between said write gap and said upper pole, thereby concentrating magnetic flux from said upper pole at said write gap; and

prior to forming said field coil, etching a trench in said lower pole whereby said shelf presents a reduced area to said upper pole.

31. The process described in claim 29 wherein said first layer of high magnetic permeability material is NiFe, CoNiFe, FeTaN, FeAIN, CoTaN, CoAIN, or CoFeN and has a thickness between about 0.3 and 3 microns.

32. The process described in claim 29 wherein said insulating layer is silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, Al, Rh, Ru, Cu, NiCu, or Ta and is deposited to a thickness between about 1 and 2.5 microns.

33. The process described in claim 29 wherein said second layer of high magnetic permeability material is NiFe, CoNiFe, FeTaN, FeAIN, CoTaN, CoAIN, or CoFeN and has a thickness between about 0.2 and 2 microns.

34. The process described in claim 29 wherein said upper magnetic pole is NiFe, CoNiFe, FeTaN, FeAIN, CoTaN, CoAIN, or CoFeN and has a thickness between about 0.2 and 2 microns.

35. The process described in claim 29 wherein said upper pole width at the write gap is between about 0.05 and 1 microns.

36. The process described in claim 29 wherein the final amount that said ledge extends away from said primary lower pole is between about 0.1 and 1 microns.