Cleaning apparatus with reciprocating or rotating brush head
A cleaning apparatus includes an elongated housing bounding a chamber with a motor disposed therein. A shaft is at least partially disposed within the chamber of the housing, the drive shaft being coupled with the motor such that during selective operation of the motor, the drive shaft is rotated continuously. A brush head is coupled with the drive shaft and has a plurality of bristles mounted thereon, the brush head has a rotational axis about which the brush head continuously or reciprocally rotates.
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This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/534,010, filed Jan. 2, 2004, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/217,231, filed Nov. 15, 2004 which applications are incorporated herein by specific reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to hand held cleaning apparatus having a reciprocating or rotating brush head.
2. The Relevant Technology
Household cleaning is a never ending business. Although there are numerous types of sponges and brushes that are specially designed to clean large, open surface areas such as countertops, sinks, and bathtubs, there are fewer resources available for cleaning the difficult cracks, corners, and other hard to reach areas that are ubiquitous in a home. Although conventional sponges and brushes can certainly be used for cleaning corners and other hard to reach areas, the configuration and large size of such conventional cleaners makes them difficult to access such areas. The user is often required to apply extensive force by the ends or tips of the fingers so as to force the cleaner into the crack or corner to be cleaned. Such cleaning is tiring and often results in cramping of the hand and/or fingers.
This problem is compounded by the fact that corners and cracks are typically where dirt, mold, soap scum, and other undesirables tend to grow or build-up. As such, extra energy or force is often necessary to clean such locations.
Conventional toothbrushes are often used to clean such hard to reach areas. The problem with toothbrushes, however, is that because they are specifically designed for cleaning teeth around sensitive gums, toothbrushes are typically too soft and do not have a good angle for any extended, aggressive scrubbing of hard surfaces. Furthermore, because of the small handles on toothbrushes, any significant scrubbing using a toothbrush again produces fatigue and cramping of the hand.
Accordingly, what is needed are improved cleaning apparatus which can be used for cleaning small, hard to reach areas, which can be used for durable, extended scrubbing, and which can be used with minimal fatigue.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSVarious embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
The present invention relates cleaning apparatus having a reciprocating or rotating brush head. The cleaning apparatus is generally designed for domestic use in cleaning small, hard to reach areas such as cracks, corners, grooves and crevices. For example, the cleaning apparatus can be used for cleaning corners and around faucets on counter tops and in showers. It can also be used for spot scrubbing materials such as fabric and carpets. It is appreciated, however, that the apparatus can be used for cleaning any type of surface in commercial, residential, or any other application. The cleaning apparatus, however, is not designed for use as a toothbrush.
Depicted in
Head assembly 6 further includes a rotatable brush head 14 having a brush 16 mounted thereon. As will be discussed below in greater detail, brush head 14 comprises an annular carrier plate 122 having a top surface 124 and an opposing bottom surface 125. Depicted in
In the embodiment depicted, tufting holes 170 from an outer ring 172, a middle ring 174, an inner ring 176 and a center tufting hole 178. As seen in
Bristles 182 can be made from a variety of different natural or synthetic materials. In one embodiment, bristles 182 are comprised of a polymer material such as nylon. In other embodiments, such as for use in cleaning a barbeque grill, bristles 182 can be comprised of a metal such as brass, stainless steel, or copper. As depicted in
Because head assembly 6 is removable from body assembly 5, it is appreciated that a variety of different head assemblies 6 can be made, each having a brush 16 of different configuration and/or properties. For example head assembly 6 can be formed each having a brush 16 with soft bristles, medium bristles, stiff bristles or combinations thereof. In one embodiment the soft bristles are comprised of a polymeric material having a diameter in a range between about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm with about 0.18 mm to about 0.23 mm being more common. Medium polymeric bristles typically have a diameter in a range between about 0.30 mm to about 0.48 mm with about 0.37 mm to about 0.42 mm being more common. Finally, polymeric stiff bristles typically have a diameter in a range between about 0.48 mm to about 0.75 mm with about 0.52 mm to about 0.58 mm being more common. By way of comparison, bristles on tooth brushes typically have a diameter less than 0.15 mm so that the bristles are not so stiff as to damage the gums or enamel of the teeth.
In one embodiment having a combination of bristles 182, tufting holes 170 in outer ring 172, middle ring 174, and inner ring 176 (
Similarly, in one embodiment depicted in
Body assembly 5 includes a body housing 12 having a substantially cylindrical configuration. Body housing 12 can have a circular, elliptical or any other desired transverse cross section and is sized to comfortably fit within the hand of a user. In one embodiment, body housing 12 has a maximum diameter in a range between about 2.5 cm to about 4.5 cm. Other dimensions can also be used. Body housing 12 comprises an upper body housing 18 which mates with a lower body housing 20. Each of body housings 18 and 20 also extend from a proximal end 26 to an opposing distal end 28. Upper body housing 18 has an aperture 21 in which a flexible button 23 is mounted (see
Head housing 7, body housing 12, and end cap 30 combine to form a housing 36. Housing 36 has a substantially cylindrical configuration with a length extending between proximal end 32 and end cap 30 that is typically in a range between about 15 cm to about 35 cm with about 20 cm to about 30 cm being more common. Other dimensions can also be used. In alternative embodiments housing 36 can have a variety of other configurations. Although housing 36 may not be completely symmetrical along its entire length, housing 36 has a substantially central longitudinal axis 38 extending therethrough.
As depicted in
As depicted in
Battery compartment 40 is configured to receive a plurality of batteries. For example, in the embodiment battery compartment 40 is configured to receive four batteries 78 of a size AA. Other sizes and numbers of batteries can also be used in alternative embodiments. The positive end of batteries 78 bias against a first contact plate 80 which is in electrical communication with motor 60. The negative end of batteries 78 bias against a second contact plate 82 which is mounted within end cap 30. An elongated switch 88 has a first end 90 which is in electrical communication with second contact plate 82 when end cap 30 is mounted to body housing 12. Switch 88 comprises an elongated base 92 which extends along battery compartment 40, a riser 94 which extends along partition 44, and a flexible lever arm 96 which projects so as to be disposed between button 23 and motor 60. When button 23 is manually depressed, lever 96 is biased against motor 60, thereby closing the circuit which is energized by batteries 78. In turn, as the circuit is closed, the energy from batteries 78 causes motor 60 to rotatably drive drive shaft 66. As button 23 is released, the circuit is broken and motor 60 is turned off. In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that a variety of different switching mechanisms can be used so that motor 60 can be continually activated without having to continually manually depress button 23. Furthermore, it is appreciated that batteries 78 can be replaced with an electrical cord.
With further reference to
Extending from end face 108 at distal end 107 of shaft 102 is a stem 114. Mounted on the end of stem 114 is a rounded head 116. In the embodiment depicted, head 116 is spherical or substantially spherical. Here it is noted, as will be discussed below in greater detail, shaft 102 has a rotational axis and central longitudinal axis 118, which in the depicted embodiment are the same, and stem 114 has a central longitudinal axis 120. Stem 114 is eccentrically mounted on end face 108 of shaft 102 so that central longitudinal axis 120 of stem 114 is offset from central longitudinal axis 118 of shaft 102. Rotational axis 118 can also be the same axis as the rotational axis and central longitudinal axis of drive shaft 66 and can also be the same as central longitudinal axis 38 of housing 36 (
Returning to
During assembly, hub 132 is received over spindle 126 so that axle 128 extends through passage 148 and arms 130 are received within side channel 150. A bearing or bushing 151 (
Hub 132 further comprises a channel 152 formed on front face 144 and extending to top surface 140. Channel 152 is vertically aligned with passage 148 and is bounded by a first engagement surface 156, a spaced apart second engagement surface 158, and an inside face 159 extending therebetween. Engagement surfaces 156 and 158 are opposingly facing and are in substantially parallel alignment. Recessed along each engagement surface 156 and 158 is a locking channel 160. Each locking channel 160 is elongated and is slightly arched along the length thereof. The distance between engagement surfaces 156 and 158 of hub 132 is smaller than the diameter of rounded head 116.
As depicted in
In an alternative embodiment depicted in
Returning to
In the above assembled configuration, couplings 68 and 110 are mated. Accordingly, as button 23 is depressed, motor 60 is energized causing drive shaft 66 and drive shaft 100 to each rotate about their rotational or central longitudinal axis. In turn, because stem 114 and rounded head 116 are mounted eccentrically on shaft 102, head 116 rotates in a circle. That is, as shaft 102 spins or rotates, head 116 begins to rotate in an enlarged circle so as to bias against engagement surface 158 of hub 132 causing hub 132 with connected brush head 14 and brush 16 to rotate in a first direction about axle 128. The length and arch of locking channels 160 allows for free rotation of head 116 within locking channels 160.
Once head 116 has moved to its furthest extent in one direction, head 116 then begins to bias against the opposing engagement surface 156 causing hub 132, with connected brush head 14 and brush 16, to rotate in the opposing direction about axle 128. As such, rapid rotation of drive shaft 100 with head 116 causes hub 132 with connected brush head 14 and brush 16 to rapidly reciprocate. By securing head 116 within locking channels 160, a snug engagement can be formed between hub 132 and head 116. This snug fit optimizes the transfer of movement between drive rod 100 and hub 132. That is, the snug fit eliminates slop between hub 132 and drive rod 100 even after head 116 has begun to wear within locking channels 160.
Once cleaning apparatus 10 is energized, brush 16 can be biased against a surface for cleaning. It is noted that brush 16 is positioned at an orientation relative housing 36 so as to optimize convenience and use. For example, with reference to
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. For example, it is appreciated that locking channels 160 need not merely be recessed within inner side walls 156 and 158 but can completely extend through hub 132. Furthermore, it is not necessary that head 116 be spherical. In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that head 116 can be elliptical or have a variety of other configurations that mate with complementary locking channels.
Depicted in
Body housing 206 has an interior surface 220 which bounds a chamber 222. Turning to
Latches 232 are used for securing an end cap 240 to proximal end 210 of body housing 206. Specifically, end cap 210 has an interior surface 242 with a pair of opposing catches 244 formed thereon. When end cap 240 is pushed onto proximal end 210 of body housing 206, barbs 234 on latches 232 engage catches 244 so as to securely lock end cap 240 on body housing 206. To remove end cap 240, engaging portions 238 are manually depressed as discussed above so as to inwardly flex latches 232 and thus release barbs 234 from catches 244.
Returning to
A conventional gear assembly 252 extends between initial shaft 250 and drive shaft 254 so that the torque produced by drive shaft 254 is adjusted relative to the torque produced by initial shaft 250 by a ratio in a range between about 1.5:1 to about 3.5:1. Increasing the torque capacity of drive shaft 254 enable brush 16 to continue to reciprocate or rotate even when substantial bearing force is applied to brush 16 while scrubbing. This is contrary to many conventional electric toothbrushes where it is desired that the brush stop moving or significantly slow when too much force is applied so that the toothbrush does not damage the gums.
It is appreciated that there are a variety of different mechanism that can be used to transfer electricity from batteries 78 to motor 60. In the illustrated embodiment, the four batteries 78 are disposed in parallel. The negative end of the back two batteries 78 bias against a corresponding spring 256 which are each in electrical communication with a transfer spring 258. The springs are mounted on a plate 255 which is secured within end cap 240. Transfer spring 258 biases against a contact 260. An electrical lead 262 extends from contact 260 to motor 60. The positive end of the front two batteries 78 bias against a correspond contact 264 which are each in electrical communication with a flexible switch 266. Switch 266 is positioned above motor 60 such that when switch 266 is biased against motor 60, the circuit is complete and motor 60 is energized.
In an alternative embodiment, batteries 78 can be positioned in series rather then parallel. In this embodiment, springs 256 are in electrical communication with each other but transfer spring 256, contact 260, and lead 262 are eliminated. Likewise, the two contacts 264 are separated from each other. One of contacts 264 is in direct electrical communication with motor 60 while the other contact 264 remains connected with switch 266. Placing batteries 78 in series increases the voltage to provide more power to the motor.
Turning to
As depicted in
Catch 286 (
In this assembled configuration, button 284 can selectively side on cover plate 280 between an off position as shown in
In the second approach as depicted in
Returning to
Head assembly 202 comprises a drive shaft 320 having a proximal end 322 and an opposing distal end 324. Proximal end 322 has a coupler 326 secured thereto. Coupler 326 has a socket 328 formed on the free end thereof that is designed to removably engage with head 255 on drive shaft 254 extending from motor 60. Specifically, socket 328 has a configuration complementary to head 255 such that when head 255 is received within socket 328, rotation of drive shaft 254 causes rotation of drive shaft 320. Head 255 is removably received within socket 328 when head assembly 202 is removably coupled with body assembly 204 as discussed above.
An enlarged disk 330 is secured to distal end 324 of drive shaft 320. In the embodiment depicted, disk 330 has a substantially cylindrical configuration that includes a proximal end face 332 and an opposing distal end face 334. Distal end 324 of drive shaft 320 is centrally secured to proximal end face 332. In contrast, stem 114 and rounded head 116 are mounted on distal end face 334 at a location spaced radially outward from the rotational axis of drive shaft 320. That is, stem 114 is eccentrically mounted on end face 334 in the same manner as discussed above with regard to cleaning apparatus 4.
It is noted that centrally positioning enlarged disk 330 at the end of drive shaft 320 helps to stabilize drive shaft 320 during the rotation of eccentrically mounted rounded head 116. In alternative embodiments, however, drive shaft 320 can have the same diameter as disk 330 or disk 330 can be eliminated and an arm formed between drive shaft 330 and stem 114. Other conventional techniques can also be used to eccentrically position rounded head 116. A cylindrical bushing 336 encircles drive shaft 320 toward distal end 324 and is supported within supports 338 formed on the interior surface of head housing 201.
As with cleaning apparatus 4, cleaning apparatus 200 includes brush head 14. Brush head 14 comprises carrier plate 122 having bottom surface 125 with brush 16 comprised of bristles formed thereon. Plate 122 also has top surface 124 with spindle 126 and arms 130 projecting therefrom. Axle 128 centrally projects from spindle 126 and has a rotational axis extending therethrough. A tubular bushing 340 is secured to upper head housing 22 and encircles axle 128 (
As depicted in
Projecting from back face 348 of base 344 is a guide 360. Guide 360 comprises a first side wall 362, a complementary spaced apart second side wall 364, and a back wall 366 extending therebetween. Guide 360 partially bounds a channel 368 that is vertically aligned with passage 356. Channel 368 is bounded by a first engagement surface 370, a spaced apart second engagement surface 372, and an inside face 374 extending therebetween. Engagement surfaces 370 and 372 are opposingly facing, are substantially flat, and are in substantially parallel alignment. The distance between engagement surfaces 370 and 372 of hub 342 is substantially equal to the diameter of rounded head 116.
Comparable to the embodiment depicted in
As with cleaning apparatus 4, in cleaning apparatus 200 the rotational axis of drive shaft 320 intersects with the rotational axis of brush head 14 so as to form an inside angle θ that is typically greater than 95° and is more commonly in a range between about 110° to about 140°. As rounded head 116 travels in its circular pattern, rounded head 116 travels longitudinally along the length of side walls 362 and 364. Because of the above discussed angular orientation of brush head 14, rounded head 116 is disposed farther away from the rotational axis of brush head 14 when rounded head 166 is disposed at the bottom of side walls 362 and 364 and is closer to the rotational axis of brush head 14 when rounded head 166 is disposed at the top of side walls 362 and 364. Accordingly, to ensure that rounded head 166 is retained within channel 368 during its circular movement, side walls 362 and 364 are wider at the bottom than at the top.
In one embodiment rounded head 116 has a substantially spherical configuration. This design has a number of benefits. For example, in part because of the above discussed angular orientation of brush head 14, rounded head 116 contacts engagement surfaces 370 and 372 along a number of different points on rounded head 116 that are longitudinally spaced proximal to distal and top to bottom. By making rounded head 116 spherical, this helps to ensure continued minimal contact between rounded head 116 and engagement surfaces 370 and 372 so as to minimize wear.
Furthermore, due to tolerances in mounting brush head 14, on occasion as brush 16 is biased against a surface for cleaning, brush head 14 will tilt slightly causing the distal end of rounded head 116 to bias against inside face 374 of hub 342 (
In the forgoing embodiment, bush 16 has a fixed orientation relative to body assembly 204. In one alternative embodiment depicted in
Head assembly 388 comprises a proximal head housing 392, a distal head housing 394, and a hinge 396 pivotally connecting housing 392 and 394 together. As depicted in
Hinge 396 also comprises a pair of rounded arms 406A and 406B projecting from a proximal end of distal head housing 394. Arm 406A has an inside face 410A to an outside face 412A. A substantially circular recessed pocket 414A is formed on inside face 410A. Pocket 414A has a plurality of rounded notches 416A formed on the perimeter edge of pocket 414A on opposing sides thereof. Each notch 416A is separated by a ridge 417A. A circular recess 408A is formed on the floor of pocket 414A and is sized to receive ring 402A.
A spring 418A is provided and is comprised of a resilient flexible material such as metal commonly used in springs. Spring 418A comprises a ring body 420A having an exterior surface 422A and an interior surface 424A. A pair of rounded tabs 426A project from exterior surface 422A on opposing sides of ring body 420A. Likewise, a pair of rectangular tabs 428A project from interior surface 424A on opposing sides of ring body 420A.
During assembly, tabs 428A of spring 418A are received within corresponding notches 404A on prong 400A so that spring 418A is secured to prong 400A. Next, arm 406A is positioned so that spring 418A is received within pocket 414A and ring 402A is received within recess 408A. Tabs 426A are received within corresponding notches 416A so that arm 406A is fixed relative to prong 400A. When it is desired to change the orientation of brush 16, a force is applied to distal head assembly 394 along arrow 390 (
As depicted in
In the above discussed embodiments, the head assemblies are designed so that the brushes rotate in a reciprocating manner. In alternative embodiments, the head assembly can be designed so that the brush rotates in a continuous circular manner. For example, depicted in
Depicted in
Furthermore, because slots 454 are elongated, ball 446 can rotate within socket 448 by projections 452 sliding longitudinally within elongated slots 454. As a result, as depicted in
Depicted in
Depicted in
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims
1. A cleaning apparatus comprising:
- an elongated body housing bounding a chamber;
- a motor at least partially disposed within the chamber of the body housing;
- a first drive shaft at least partially disposed within the chamber of the body housing, the first drive shaft being coupled with the motor such that during selective operation of the motor, the first drive shaft is rotated continuously about a rotational axis of the first drive shaft;
- a head housing comprising a proximal head housing and a distal head housing, the distal head housing being selectively pivotable relative to the proximal head housing over an angle of at least 45°, the head housing being removably coupled with the body housing;
- a brush head mounted on the distal head housing and having a plurality of bristles mounted thereon, the brush head having a rotational axis about which the brush head rotates; and
- a second drive shaft having a first end coupled with the first drive shaft and a second end engaged with the brush head.
2. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the brush head continuously or reciprocally rotates when the first drive shaft continuously rotates.
3. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for reciprocally rotating the brush head about the rotational axis thereof when the first drive shaft is continuously rotated about the rotational axis thereof.
4. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein the means for reciprocally rotating the brush head comprises:
- a hub mounted on the brush head, the hub having a pair of spaced apart engagement surfaces; and
- a rounded head disposed between the bearing surfaces, the rounded head being eccentrically disposed on the drive shaft such that the rounded head reciprocally rotates the brush head when the drive shaft is continuously rotated.
5. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the body housing and the head housing have a combined length in a range between about 20 cm to about 30 cm.
6. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising a universal joint disposed within the head housing, the universal joint comprising:
- a cup having an interior surface bounding a socket, a first projection and a spaced apart second projection each projecting from the interior surface; and
- a ball having a first slot formed thereon, the ball being received within the socket of the cup so that the first projection is received within first slot, the second drive shaft being coupled to one of the ball or cup.
7. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 6, further comprising a second slot formed on the ball, the second projection being received within the second slot.
8. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of bristles form a brush, the brush having a substantially conical head.
9. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of bristles are comprised of metal.
10. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising an activation button position on a first side of the housing, the brush head projecting form a second side of the housing that is opposite of the first side.
11. A cleaning apparatus comprising:
- an elongated housing bounding a chamber, the housing having a length less than 35 cm;
- a motor at least partially disposed within the chamber of the housing;
- a drive shaft at least partially disposed within the chamber of the housing, the drive shaft being coupled with the motor such that during selective operation of the motor, the drive shaft is rotated continuously about a rotational axis of the drive shaft;
- a brush head coupled with the drive shaft and having a plurality of bristles mounted thereon, the brush head having a rotational axis about which the brush head continuously or reciprocally rotates; and
- a light source mounted on the housing so as to emit light toward the brush head.
12. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the housing comprises a body housings in which the motor is disposed and a head housing on which the brush head is coupled, the body housing and the head housing being removably coupled together, the light source being mounted on the body housing.
13. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the housing comprises a body housings in which the motor is disposed and a head housing on which the brush head is coupled, the body housing and the head housing being removably coupled together, the light source being mounted on the head housing.
14. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the brush head reciprocally rotates when the motor is energized.
15. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the light source is an LED.
16. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the housing comprises an substantially cylindrical body having a first side and an opposing second side extending along the length thereof, the brush head and the light source each being mounted on the second side of the body at spaced apart locations.
17. The cleaning apparatus as recited in claim 16, further comprising an activation button position on a first side of the housing.
18. A cleaning system kit comprising:
- (i) a body assembly comprising: an elongated body housing bounding a chamber; a motor at least partially disposed within the chamber of the body housing; and a body drive shaft at least partially disposed within the chamber of the body housing, the body drive shaft being coupled with the motor such that during selective operation of the motor, the body drive shaft is rotated continuously about a rotational axis thereof;
- (ii) a first head assembly comprising: a first head housing; a first head drive shaft disposed within the first head housing; a first brush head having a plurality of bristles secured thereon, the first brush head being mounted on the first head housing and being coupled with the first head drive shaft such that continuous rotation of the first head drive shaft facilitates reciprocating rotation of the first brush head, the first head assembly being adapted to be selectively coupled with the body assembly so that the body drive shaft is coupled with the first head drive shaft; and
- (iii) a second head assembly comprising: a second head housing; a second head drive shaft disposed within the second head housing; a second brush head having a plurality of bristles secured thereon, the second brush head being mounted on the second head housing and being coupled with the second head drive shaft such that continuous rotation of the second head drive shaft facilitates continuous rotation of the second brush head, the second head assembly being adapted to be selectively coupled with the body assembly so that the body drive shaft is coupled with the second head drive shaft.
19. The cleaning system kit as recited in claim 18, wherein the bristles on the first brush head have different properties than the bristles on the second brush head.
20. The cleaning system kit as recited in claim 18, wherein the bristles on the first brush head have different lengths or diameters than the bristles on the second brush head.
21. The cleaning system kit as recited in claim 18, wherein the bristles on the first brush head combine to form a first brush having a first maximum diameter and the bristles on the second brush head combine to form a second brush a second maximum diameter, the first maximum diameter being larger than the second maximum diameter.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 15, 2004
Publication Date: Jul 7, 2005
Applicant:
Inventors: W. Thiess (Parker, CO), David Meyers (Kaysville, UT), Darrell Goff (Highland, UT), Aaron Cobabe (Syracuse, UT), Qi-Chun Zhao (Shan Wei City)
Application Number: 11/014,626