Isometric system, method and apparatus
System, method and apparatus for carrying out isometric exercises for either diagnostic purposes or therapeutic purposes. When employed in a diagnostic mode, the instrument is programmed to carry out standardized diagnostic regimens and during such regimens provides both visual and aural cues, carries out mathematical computations of force values and provides recordation of diagnostic data in archival memory. When employed in a therapeutic mode the apparatus may only be programmed within mandated therapeutic parameter limitations. During therapeutic trials, the user is visually and aurally cued throughout the test sequence and the therapeutic data evolved during the regimen is recorded and recoverable from archival memory.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/268,363 filed Oct. 10, 2002, which claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/330,265 filed Oct. 18, 2001.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCHThe use of isometric as compared to rhythmic exercise in the general field of athletic strength development, as well as a therapy for strength recovery has been the subject of somewhat controversial discourse over the past decades. In general, such exercise has been considered to promote, for example, coronary risk factors. See generally:
(1) Vecht R J, Graham G W S, Server P S. “Plasma Noradrenaline Concentrations During Isometric Exercise.” Brit Heart J. 1978; 40:1216-20.
(2) Chrysant S G. “Hemodynamic Effects of Isometric Exercise in Normotensive Hypertensive Subjects”: Hypertension. Angiology 1978:29(5):379-85.
However, as such attitudes persisted, some investigators commenced to observe contradictions to these generally accepted beliefs. See for, example, the following publications:
(3) Buck, et al., “Isometric Occupational Exercise and the Incidence of Hypertension”, J. Occup. Med., 27:370-372, 1985.
(4) Choquette, et al., “Blood Pressure Reduction in ‘Borderline’ Hypertensivies Following Physical Training” Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1108:699-703, 1973.
(5) Clark, et al., “the Duration of Sustained Contractions of the Human Forearm of Different Muscle Temperatures”, J. Physiol., 143:454-473, 1958.
(6) Gliders, et al., “Endurance Training and Blood Pressure in Normotensive and Hypertensive Adults”, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21:629-636, 1989.
(7) Hagberg, et al., “Effect of Weight Training on Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics in Hypertensive Adolescents”, J. Pediatr. 1104:147-151, 1984.
(8) Harris, et al., “Physiological Response to Circuit Weight Training in Borderline Hypertensive Subjects”, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 19:246-252, 1987.
(9) Hurley, et al., “Resistive Training Can Induce Coronary Risk Factors Without Altering VO2 max or Percent Body Fat” Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 20:150-154, 1988.
(10) Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group, “The Effect of Treatment on Mortality in ‘Mild’ Hypertension”, N. Engl. J. Med., 307:976-980, 1982.
(11) Kiveloff, et al., “Brief Maximal Isometric Exercise in Hypertension”, J. Am. Geriatr. Socl, 9:1006-1012, 1971.
(12) Merideth et al., “Exercise Training Lowers Resting Renal but not Cardiac Sympathetic Activity in Humans”, Hypertension, 18:575-582, 1991.
(13) Seals and Hagberg, “The Effect of Exercise Training on Human Hypertension: A Review”, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 16:207-215, 1984.
(14) Hanson P, Nagle F. “Isometric Exercise: Cardiovascular Responses in Normal and Cardiac Populations.” Cardiology Clinics 1987; 5(2):157-70.
Such speculation on the part of these early observers was confirmed by Wiley in the 1990s, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,398,696 entitled “Isometric Exercise Method for Lowering Resting Blood Pressure and Grip Dynamometer Useful Therefore”, issued Mar. 21, 1995 and as described in the following publication:
(15) Wiley, et al., “Isometric Exercise Training Lowers Resting Blood Pressure”, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29:749-754, 1992.
With the approach or protocol developed by Wiley, the isometric regimen is closely controlled both in terms of exerted force and in the timing of trials or exertions.
In contrast, earlier subjects or trainees undergoing isometric exercise stressed the involved musculature to their full or maximum capability (publication
(11)) or at some submaximal force as long as it could be sustained, in either case only terminating with the onset of unendurable fatigue. Such approaches often have incurred somewhat deleterious results as evidenced by the injuries sustained in consequence of improper weightlifting procedures. Weightlifting procedures or endeavors exhibit a significant isometric factor. See generally:
(16) Lind A R. “Cardiovascular Responses to Static Exercise” (Isometrics, Anyone?) Circulation 1970; 41(2): 173-176.
(17) Mitchell J H, Wildenthal K. “Static (Isometric) Exercise and the Heart: Physiological and Clinical Considerations”. Ann Rev Med 1974; 25:369-81.
The diagnosis of patient hand-arm strength using isometric-based testing has been employed by physiologists, physical therapists and medical personnel for over three decades. These procedures function to evaluate hand-arm trauma or dysfunction and involve the patient use of a handgrip-based dynamometer. The dynamometer is grasped by the patient and squeezed to a maximum capability under the verbal instruction of an attending therapist or diagnostician. The hand dynamometer most widely used for these evaluations incorporates a grip serving to apply force through closed circuit hydraulics to a force readout provided by an analog meter facing outwardly so as to be practitioner readable. Adjustment of the size of the grip of the dynamometer is provided by inward or outward positioning of a forwardly disposed grip component. The dynamometers currently are marketed under the trade designation: “Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer” by Sammons Preston of Bolingbrook, Ill. An extended history of use of these dynamometers has resulted in what may be deemed a “standardization” of testing protocols. For instance, three of the above-noted grip length adjustments are employed in a standardized approach and verbal instructions on the part of the testing attendant, as well as the treatment of force data read from the analog meter are now matters of accepted protocol. In the latter regard, multiple maximum strength values are recorded, whereupon average strengths, standard deviations and coefficients of variation are computed by the practitioner. In one test, the instrument is alternately passed between the patient's right and left hands to derive a maximum strength output reading each 1.5 seconds or 2.5 seconds. Reading and hand recording strength values for such protocols has remained problematic. The protocols, for example, have been the subject of recommendations by the American Society of Hand Therapist (ASHT) and have been discussed in a variety of publications including the following:
(18) Mathiowetz V., Federman S., Wiemer D. “Grip and Pinch Strength: Norms for 6 to 19 Year Olds.” The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 40:705-11, 1986.
(19) Mathiowetz V., Donohoe L., Renells C. “Effect of Elbow Position on Grip and Key Pinch Strength.” The Journal of Hand Surgery 10A:694-7, 1985.
(20) Mathiowetz V., Dove M., Kashman N., Rogers S., Volland G., Weber K. “Grip and Pinch Strength: Normative Data for Adults.” Arch Phys Med Rehabilitation 66:69-72, 1985.
(21) Mathiowetz V., Volland G., Kashman N., “Reliability and Validity of Grip and Pinch Strength Evaluations.” The Journal of Hand Surgery 9A:22-6, 1984.
In about 1998, the above-noted Wiley protocols as described in connection with publication (12) above were incorporated in a compact, lightweight isometric device. Described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,639 entitled “Apparatus, System, and Method for Carrying Out Protocol-Based Isometric Exercise Regimens” by Smyser, et al., the hand-held dynamometer has a hand grip which incorporates a load cell assembly. Extending from the hand grip is a liquid crystal display and two user actuated control switches or switch buttons. The display is mounted in sloping fashion with respect to the grip such that the user can observe important visual cues or prompts while carrying out a controlled exercise regimen specifically structured in terms of force values and timing in accordance with the Wiley protocols. This device is therapeutic as opposed to diagnostic in nature and is microprocessor driven with archival memory. External communication with the battery powered instrument is made available through a communications port such that the device may be configured by programming and, additional data, such as blood pressure values and the like may be inserted into its memory from an external device. Visual and audible cueing not only guides the user through a multi-step protocol but also aids the user in maintaining pre-computed target level grip compression levels.
Of course, it will be beneficial to incorporate improved diagnostic features for hand-arm evaluation techniques with therapist or practitioner designed therapeutic protocols specifically tailored to the condition of a given patient and which provide a control over such therapies clearly establishing such therapies as beneficial to strength development and recovery.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention is addressed to a system method and apparatus for carrying out a controlled isometric regimen by a user. Being microprocessor driven, the instrument is programmed to carry out established diagnostic as well as newly developed grip-based isometric regimens. When carrying out diagnostic procedures, the attending diagnostician may elect either a maximum grip test or a rapid exchange testing procedure. When employed for carrying out a diagnostic maximum grip test, the diagnostician selects configuration parameters and the instrument provides both visual and audible prompts and cues throughout the procedure. Maximum grip forces for each of the sequence of trials of this procedure are selected typically by the diagnostician and when so selected are recorded in instrument memory along with calendar data, and processor computed values for average grip force, standard deviation of the force values throughout a sequence of tests and corresponding coefficients of variation. At the termination of the diagnostic procedure, memory recorded test data are displayable to the diagnostician and may be downloaded through a communications port to a computer facility.
When utilized in a rapid exchange test mode, the attending diagnostician again programs the instrument with elected but standardized test parameters. At the commencement of and during the ensuing multi-trial test procedure, the patient may be provided with aural cues and, at the election of the diagnostician with visual cues. Grip force values for each trial are recorded in memory. As before, the instrument processor accesses that memory retained data and computes average grip force values, corresponding standard deviation for those force values and coefficient of variation, the values of which also are recorded in memory. At the termination of the multi-trial test regimen, the diagnostician is provided a successive display of the force values and associated computed information recorded in instrument memory.
For each of the diagnostic procedures, the widthwise extent of the instrument grip may be both varied in standard ½ inch increments from a minimum width. The grip is further configured such that the visually perceptible readout of the instrument may be viewed only by the diagnostician where deemed appropriate.
An important aspect of the therapeutic method associated with the instrument of the invention resides in the limiting of user performance to carry out the regimen of trials. In this regard, the instrument is programmed to perform only within predetermined and mandated test limits. Two therapeutic methods are described, a fixed therapy and a stepped therapy. Each therapeutic regimen is based upon an initial evaluation of the maximum gripping force capability of the user. Under that limitation, target load factors, hold on target load intervals, intervening rest intervals and trial repetition numbers may be elected only from pre-established and mandated memory retained ranges. The program also nominates rest intervals and hold on target intervals in correspondence with user elected target force factors. Thus, valuable strength recovery and development may be achieved but only within safe limits.
During each of the above therapeutic regimens, an audible warning is elicited whenever the user grip force value exceeds a computed upper limit. During each timed interval wherein the user is prompted to grip at a target force value computed with respect to the pre-tested maximum grip force, a dynamic bar graph and center point display is provided as a visual cue related to desired grip performance. Additionally, a rapid succession of score values are computed and the average thereof recorded at the end of each trial of a given regimen. These scores permit a therapist to access the quality of the performance of the user. In general, trial data is recorded in conjunction with calendar data and, as before, may be downloaded to a computer facility from an instrument contained communications port.
Other objects of the invention will, in part, be obvious and will, in part, appear hereinafter.
The invention, accordingly, comprises the method, system and apparatus possessing the construction, combination of elements, arrangement of parts and steps which are exemplified in the following detailed description.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Isometric exercise apparatus under which the methodology of the invention may be carried out is lightweight, portable, battery powered and sufficiently rugged to withstand the compressive pressures which it necessarily endures during use. The instrument is programmable such that it may be utilized by a therapeutic practitioner for diagnostic purposes employing established grip test modalities. Strength measurements carried out during these modes are compiled in memory and the practitioner is afforded calculated values for average grip force, standard deviation and coefficient of variation with respect to grip force trials. Furthermore, individual strength measurements compiled in these averages, whether taken rapidly or slowly, are stored in memory and may be reviewed by the therapist.
Additionally, the instrument is employable as a therapeutic device. First a protocol is nominated by prescribing nominal parameters of the effort. Each isometric regimen is controlled initially by requiring that a maximum grip strength be established for each individual patient or user. Then, the practitioner may elect parameters of grip force and timing under mandated memory contained parameter limits. Accordingly, the user will be unable to carry out strength enhancement therapies which would otherwise constitute an excessive grip force regimen. For carrying out the noted diagnostic procedures as well as therapy activities, the grip widthwise extent is variable from 1⅞ inches to 2⅞ inches, such variation being adjustable in ½ inch increments. This is in keeping with standardized diagnostic practices. Further with respect to diagnostic procedures, the display or readout of the instrument can be adjusted with respect to the grip structuring such that only the practitioner or therapist may observe the data which is being developed during a diagnostic protocol.
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Disposed centrally within the cavity defined by gripping portion sides 52 and 54 is a steel thrust plate 82 having a thickness and rigidity elected to withstand compressive gripping forces which may range, for example, up to about 205 pounds. Plate 82 is configured with two holes 81 and 83 which are used to restrain the plate from disengaging from the assembly when fitted over respective posts 53 and 55. Elongate side 84 of thrust plate 82 is configured for insertion within an elongate groove 86 of a base grip component 88. Grip component 88 is formed of a rigid plastic and includes an outwardly disposed base grasping surface 90 upwardly located in adjacency with the grasping surface 90 is one component of a base connector assembly represented generally at 92 and which is seen to be integrally molded with the grip component 88 and incorporates a slot or opening 94 in conjunction with a tab receiving trough 96. A tab component (not shown) of the base connector assembly feature of the base grip component 88 will be seen to extend from the end thereof opposite connector assembly component 92.
Two oppositely disposed edge extensions 98 and 100 of the thrust plate 82 are configured for operative association with a load cell assembly represented generally at 102. Load cell assembly 102 includes an elongate steel base 104 incorporating two slots for receiving extensions 98 and 100, one such slot being revealed at 106. Connection between the base 104 and thrust plate 82 is provided by pins (not shown) which extend through mated bores 108 and 110 and 112 and 114. The load cell assembly 102 further includes an elongate outer force component 116. Two field plate-form load cells 118 and 120 are mounted from load cell mount structures shown, respectively at 122 and 124 formed within base 104. Such mounting is in cantilever fashion, the load cell 118 being attached to mount 122 by a screw and mounting plate assembly 126. Similarly, load cell 120 is attached in cantilever fashion to mount structure 124 by a screw and mounting plate assembly 128. Outer force component 116 is seen to have a centrally disposed rectangular post portion 130 which is attached by a connector plate assembly to the mutually inwardly extending ends of the load cells 118 and 120. The attachment plate assembly for this union is seen in general at 132. Assembly 132 is seen to be formed of two plate components 132a and 132b coupled, in turn, to load cells 120 and 118. Screws are use to effect the attachment.
The base grip component positioned oppositely of base grip component 88 is shown at 134. In similar fashion as component 88, the base grip component 134 is configured with a base connector assembly having one component at 136 which incorporates a slot and trough (not shown) in similar fashion as described at 92 in connection with component 88. A tab protrusion of generally cylindrical configuration shown at 138 is disposed oppositely from connector assembly component 136. The rigid plastic base component 134 is attached to elongate outer force component 116 of the load cell assembly 102. This attachment is provided by the insertion and crimping of two posts 134a and 134b (
Auxiliary grip component 34 is shown in the figure in spaced adjacency with respect to the base grip component 134. Auxiliary component 34 is configured with an outwardly disposed auxiliary grasping surface of generally half cylindrical cross section with a grasping surface profile curved concavely outwardly, for example, at region 140. This curvature is provided for enhancing grip contact with the palm of the user hand and for applying force centrally to the load cell assembly. Component 34 is formed with an auxiliary connector assembly which includes a flexible engaging tab 150 configured for insertion within the connector component 136 of base grip component 134. Connection at the opposite end is provided by a curved slot (not shown) which receives the tab protrusion 138 of base grip component 134. The connector assemblies are universal such that each of the auxiliary grip components may be mounted upon either of the base grip components 88 or 134. In this regard, not that a similar flexible engaging tab 152 is positioned upwardly upon auxiliary grip component 36. Similarly, the component 36 is configured having a curved slot 154 at its opposite end which receives tabs, for example, as at 138. The mounting of either auxiliary grip component 36 or 34 will increase the widthwise extent of the grip by one half inch. Accordingly, with both auxiliary grip components installed, the widthwise extent of the grip is increased to 2⅞ inches.
Interacting region 16 also includes a top cover 156. Formed, as the other components, of ABS plastic, the cover 156 includes a rectangular bezel opening 158 within which the LCD 18 is positioned. Integrally formed with top cover 156 is a downwardly depending switch cover 160 through which two rectangular openings 162 and 164 are provided. The switching function 20 is mounted upon a separate circuit board 166 which is seen to carry two push actuated switches as earlier described at 22 and 24 and identified by the same numeration in the instant figure. Located over the switches 22 and 24 is a flexible polymeric cover 168 formed of a flexible polymeric material such as Santoprene, a thermoplastic elastomer marketed by General Polymers of Charlotte, N.C. Circuit board 166 is supported between two slots formed in the interior of side components 56 and 58, one of these slots is seen at 170. The LCD 18 is mounted upon a circuit board 172 supported in turn, from interactive components 56 and 58. A bus-type wiring harness electrically associates the switching function 20, LCD 18, load cell assembly 102, the battery within compartment 74 and the circuitry carried by circuit board 76.
A sectional view of the instrument 10 is provided at
In
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Load cells 118 and 120 are represented with that numeration in
Each of the instruments 10 is calibrated using nineteen combinations of six standard weights. A best fit is determined and the instrument is called upon to have a root mean square error (RMS) of 0.1 pounds or less to pass calibration requirements. Once the calibration constants has been determined, the system is loaded with two redundant copies of the calibration constants. The zero point of the load cell is monitored at all times during the use of the instrument 10. If a drift is found, then a warning is shown at the LCD display 18. If any lead wire to the load cell becomes disconnected, then the built-in monitoring detects this occurrence, shows an error message, and disables further use of instrument 10 until the power is reset. These features insure that the force reading shown is accurate and true. Absolute values of the outputs of load cells 118 and 120 are summed to provide a force output signal. In general, the load measurement accuracy of instrument 10 is better than 0.1 pound or 0.1% of applied force whichever is greater.
In the discourse to follow, the sequences of the program protocol carried out by instrument 10 are represented in flow chart fashion. In general, these flow charts commence with a configuration sequence if desired and then look to two diagnostic protocols followed by two therapeutic protocols.
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With the publication of the screen as represented at block 246, then as represented at line 252 and block 254 the practitioner or user is called upon to determine whether to enter a configuration sequence or to progress to a diagnostic grip test. To enter the latter diagnostic grip test sequence, as represented at line 256 and block 258 by pressing switch 24 display 18 will prompt the user to press the select switch 24 to commence a diagnostic grip test sequence. Where the select switch 24 is actuated, then the program enters the diagnostic grip test sequence as represented at line 260 and node A.
Where a determination on the part of the practitioner or user is made to enter a configuration sequence, then as represented at line 262 and block 264 the configuration sequence is entered by actuating switch 22. As represented at line 266 and block 268 the initial configuration looks to units. Recall from block 246 that the instrument 10 defaults to a units evaluated in pounds. As represented at line 270 and block 272 by actuating select switch 24 the units parameter can be converted to kilograms instead of pounds. The program then continues upon depressing or actuating menu switch 22 as represented at either lines 274 or 276 leading to block 278. As represented at block 278, the user then is given the opportunity to delete the audible tone. In this regard, by actuating select switch 24, as represented at line 280 and block 282, the tone is deleted, display 18 showing the term “tone” in connection with the letter N.
The configuration sequence then continues as represented at either lines 283 or 284 with the actuation of menu switch 22. This actuation of switch 22 provides for the establishing of a rapid exchange diagnostic test cycle time change. As set forth at block 286 the default cycle time is 1.5 seconds. However, by actuation of select switch 24, as represented at line 288 and block 290 the operator may change the cycle time to 2.5 seconds. The program then continues by actuating the menu switch 22 as represented at either of lines 292 or 294. These lines lead to the configuration alteration represented at block 296. Recall from block 246 that the default number of exchanges for the rapid exchange diagnostic procedure is 10. However, as represented at line 298 and block 300 the operator may change the number of exchanges from 10 to 20 by actuation of select switch 24. The program then returns to line 244 by actuation of the menu switch 22 as represented at lines 302 and 304. As described in connection with block 258, line 260 and node A, the operator may elect to proceed with a diagnostic grip test.
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Returning to block 316, the maximum strength grip test can be carried out with 10 maximum squeezing force trials. At the conclusion of a given number of such trials, the practitioner actuates select switch 24, whereupon computations are carried out. Accordingly, as represented at line 320 and block 322 the user is prompted with the message “squeeze hard!!!” at the readout 18. The program will elect the highest force applied during such squeezing activity, whereupon the user releases the grip force as represented at line 324 and block 326. Then instrument 10 will publish the maximum force applied by the user as represented at line 328 and block 330, a first maximum grip evaluation being shown as an example as 64.4 pounds. Block 330 also indicates that the user is prompted to either actuate the select switch 24 to accept the published maximum squeeze evaluation as set forth at block 330 or to squeeze the grip 14 again. Such squeezing again will provide a substitute maximum grip force evaluation. Then, as represented at line 332 and block 334 the query is posed as to whether the select switch 24 has been actuated. In the event that it has not, then the program loops as represented at line 336 extending to line 320, whereupon a maximum grip effort again is undertaken. Where the operator elects the maximum first trial grip force evaluation, then as represented at line 338 and block 340, the program will compute an average of force values, standard deviation and coefficient variation, albeit it for one trial at this juncture in the procedure.
The program then continues as represented at line 342 and block 344 to display computed values which, as noted above, for the first trial are irrelevant. However, as the number of trials increases, those computed values gain significance. Next, as represented at line 346 and block 348 the program commences to carry out a next maximum grip test by providing a prompt at readout 18 which advises the user to “squeeze hard!!!” and indicates that this is a second trial as represented by the terms: “MAX 2”. Following a squeezing of the grip region 14, as represented at line 350 and block 352 the user releases the grip force and, as represented at line 354 and block 356 the maximum force asserted by the user is published, for example, showing 60 pounds for a “MAX 2” trial. This prompt further advises the user to actuate select switch 24 to elect the published grip force value or to squeeze again to carry out a next trial. The program then continues as represented at line 360 and block 362 to determine whether or not select switch 24 had been actuated. In the event that it had not been actuated then the program loops as represented at lines 364 and 346 whereupon the user again may carry out the second maximum grip trial. Where switch 24 has been actuated, then as represented at line 366 and block 368, the program carries out a computation of the average of the maximum forces asserted and computes standard deviation and coefficient of variation which are submitted to memory. The program then continues as represented at line 370 and block 372 whereupon the values computed in connection with block 368 are published at display 18. The above maximum grip test trials may be reiterated for 10 trials. Accordingly, as represented at line 374 and block 376 the maximum test trials are reiterated for a total of N tests (10 maximum) and the computed values of average force, standard deviation and coefficient of variation are both submitted to memory and published at display 18. As represented at line 378 and block 380 the user may restart this max test sequence following the Nth trial by actuating select switch 24, whereupon the program returns as represented at line 382 to line 310 (
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Looking back to the query posed at block 334, where the menu switch 22 is actuated as opposed to electing a maximum grip value, then as represented at line 410 and block 412 the program will reconfigure for restarting the grip test mode. Once at this point in the program as represented at block 412, by again actuating select switch 24, the program reverts, as represented at line 414 to line 320 to carry out another maximum grip trial. On the other hand, where menu switch 22 is actuated, as represented at line 416 and block 418 an indication will be given to the operator that to elect a previous menu, select switch 24 is to be actuated. As represented at line 419, the program then reverts to node C. Node C again appears in
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The diagnostic performance mode of the instrument 10 also provides for the carrying out of a rapid exchange (RE) test. With the rapid exchange test, the user may grip instrument 10 in the manner shown in
As represented at line 458 and block 460 the user will have squeezed the grip region 14 and the maximum hand force value evolved will be submitted to memory. Then as represented at line 462 and block 464 a determination is made as to whether the menu switch 22 has been actuated. In the event that it has not, as represented at line 466 and block 468 the program determines whether the Nth, i.e., 10th or 20th trial has been completed. In the event that it has not, then as represented at line 470 and block 472 the rapid exchange test has not been completed and an audible tone cue (time hack) is provided indicating that the instrument should be switched to the opposite hand. A short dwell occurs as represented at line 474 and block 476 wherein the instrument determines whether or not a squeeze force has been asserted. In the event that it has not, then the program loops as represented at line 478. Where the user has imparted a squeezing force to the instrument, the program continues or loops as represented at line 480 extending to line 458 leading to a next trial in an alternate hand.
Returning to block 464 where menu switch 22 is actuated in the course of carrying out rapid exchange trials, an affirmative determination will be made with respect to the query posed at that block. Accordingly, as represented at line 482 and block 484 the user is prompted to restart the rapid exchange test by actuating select switch 24. Where select switch 24 is actuated, then as represented at line 486 the program reverts to line 444 and block 446. On the other hand, where menu switch 22 is actuated, then as represented at line 488 and block 490 the user is prompted to revert to the previous menu by actuating select switch 24. Where select switch 24 is so actuated, then the program reverts to node C as represented at line 492. Note, additionally, that if menu switch 22 is actuated in conjunction with the prompt provided at block 442, then as represented at line 494 the program reverts to line 488. Returning to block 490, where menu switch 22 is actuated then as represented at line 496 and block 498 the program computes and displays the overall average of the maximum trial values, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for the N trials. That data is submitted to memory. Should menu switch 22 be actuated at this juncture, then as represented at lines 500 and 482, the program returns to block 484. Where the select switch 24 is actuated, however, as represented at line 502 and block 504 the maximum force value for trial N and the average SD and CD for all trials is displayed. On the other hand, where the menu switch 22 is actuated, then as represented at lines 506 and 482, the program reverts to block 484.
Where the select switch 24 is actuated repetitively, then as represented at line 508 and block 510 the succession of trials 1 through N is displayed. Additionally, the unchanging average for all those trials is displayed for convenience. Further, a query is posed as to whether the Nth trial has been displayed. Where it has not, then the display program loops as represented at line 512 extending to line 502. On the other hand, where the Nth trial has been displayed, then as represented at line 514, the program loops to line 502 to repeat the succession of displays.
It may be recalled that in conjunction with block 398 in
Following the target load computation, as represented at line 572 and block 573 the program displays the newly computed target force value at readout 18 along with the default values for number of repetitions (which defaults at 4), and the nominated hold on target interval and the rest interval (Table 1). As a prompt, the readout “4 REP” blinks to indicate that adjustment is available to the user. The program then continues as represented at line 574 which reappears in
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Node G reappears in conjunction with line 708 (
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The number of steps elected adjusts the percentage of maximum grip force factor in accordance with a preordained schedule. That schedule is provided in Table 2 below. For example, if only one step is elected, that target grip factor will be 20%. On the other hand if five steps are elected, the first trial will be at 100% of maximum grip force. The second step will be at 80% of maximum grip force and so forth. On the other hand, if four steps are elected, the initial trial will be in conjunction with an 80% maximum grip force factor; the second step will be at 60% and so forth as set forth in Table 2. For each of these percentages as set forth in Table 2, the corresponding hold on target or effort interval and rest intervals will follow the values given above in Table 1.
The step value is elected by actuation of select switch 24 and the program continues as represented at line 758 and block 760. Block 760 replicates a display at readout 18 which prompts the user by indicating that the maximum elected gripping force selected was 90 pounds and that A steps were selected and a further prompt is provided showing blinking or intermittent display of “4 REPS”. Then, as represented at line 762 and block 764 the operator may adjust the number of repetitions of the program to a value within a preordained number of 1 through 10 by actuating menu switch 22. The elected number of repetitions then is selected by actuation of switch 24 and, as represented at line 766 and block 768 the system displays the now selected parameters of a maximum grip force, for example, 90 pounds, an election of A steps in the regimen and an election of “B” repetitions. Next, as represented at line 770 and block 772 the stepped exercise therapy is entered. Upon entry into this stepped exercise trial mode, target values are computed based upon the number of steps elected and the hold on target and rest intervals will be acquired, such data with respect to target factors being set forth in Table 2 and the latter hold on target and rest intervals being set forth in Table 1. This function is represented in block 776. Line 778 reappears in
Returning to block 780, where switch 24 has been actuated, then as represented at line 798 and block 800 the user is prompted to hold the grip force at the computed target level for 100%. Additionally, the prompt tern “SQUEEZE” is provided within the readout 18. Next, as represented at line 802 and block 804 a determination is made as to whether the grip force exerted by the user is within 10% of the computed target value. Where it is not, then the system dwells as represented at loop line 806 and the display represented at block 800 continues. Where the asserted grip force is within 10% of the target load, then as represented at line 808 and block 810 the mandated hold on target interval timeout set forth in Table 1 commences and, as represented at line 812 and block 814 a dynamic comparison value is derived for dynamic bar graph cueing. Next, as represented at line 814 and block 816 a computation then is made as to whether the instantaneous grip force is at or above 125% of the target value. Where that is the case, then as represented at line 820 and block 822 an audible warning cue is sounded. The program then continues as represented at lines 824 and 826 when the excessive force has been lessened. Line 826 is directed to block 828 which provides for carrying out a computation of a score value as a percentage of target for a sequence of time increments. Computation of this score has been discussed in connection with
Line 830 reappears in
Following the generation of this audible cue, as represented at line 870 and block 872 the program reiterates the trial sequence following the mandates of Tables 1 and 2 and the elected parameters. As represented at line 874 and block 876, a query then is made as to whether the repetitions and associated efforts are complete. This value is the product of the elected number of steps A multiplied by the elected number of repetitions, B. Where that number of reiterations has not occurred, then the program continues as represented by loop line 878 extending to line 870. Where the number of repetitions is completed, then as represented at line 880 and block 882 a final score is computed and submitted to memory with calendar and force data. Next, as represented at line 884 and block 886 the program selects a message to the user which will be based upon the final score. For example, the user may be advised to consult a therapist or the program directions in the event of a low score and is congratulated in the event of a good score. As represented at line 888 and block 890 those messages are selected. Where the user actuates select switch 24, the program continues as represented at line 892 and node H.
Turning again to
The user has the option of powering down instrument 10 by pressing select switch 24 for an interval of at least 2 seconds. This power off sequence is represented in the flow chart of
The protocol based isometric exercise approach of the invention has applicability to a broad range of muscle groups of the user. By employing the protocol which, inter alia, involves the evaluation of maximum muscle group strength as a precondition to then applying a factor related protocol, one of those factors may apply to the measured maximum strength value. The remaining factors which involve, for example, variations of target loads, hold times, rest intervals and exercise regimen planning in terms of calendar days achieves a safe and effective utilization of isometric activities. The exercisable anatomical features to be strengthened are generally identifiable as muscle groups of the human anatomy which may include but are not limited to: jaw muscles, neck muscles, shoulder muscles, upper arm muscles, lower arm muscles, hand muscles, finger muscles, diaphragm muscles, abdominal muscles, lower back muscles, upper leg muscles, lower leg muscles, ankle muscles, foot muscles, and toe muscles.
Looking to
Since certain changes may be made in the above-described apparatus, method and system without departing from the scope of the invention herein involved, it is intended that all matter contained in the description thereof or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
1-77. (canceled)
78. Apparatus for carrying out a protocol-based isometric exercise regimen, comprising:
- a rigid housing having a hand grasping portion with first and second base grip components having respective outwardly disposed first and second elongate grasping surfaces, said first and second grip surfaces being spaced apart a first predetermined widthwise extend and said first base grip having a first base connector assembly adjacent the said first grip surface thereof, said housing having an interacting portion fixed to and extending from said hand grasping portion;
- an elongate rigid thrust plate positioned within said housing hand grasping portion in force transfer relationship with said first and second base grip components;
- a load cell assembly coupled in stress transfer relationship with said thrust plate and having a force output signal in response to stress imposed from said first and second base grip components;
- a control circuit within said housing responsive to said force output signal to provide an evaluation output;
- a readout assembly mounted at said housing interaction portion, responsive to said evaluation output to provide a perceptible output corresponding therewith; and
- a first auxiliary grip component having a first auxiliary grasping surface and a first auxiliary connector assembly adjacent said first auxiliary grasping surface removably connectable with said first base connector assembly, when said first auxiliary connector assembly is connected with said first base connector assembly said first auxiliary grasping surface being spaced from said second base grip second grasping surface a second predetermined widthwise extent greater than said first predetermined widthwise extent.
79. The apparatus of claim 78 in which:
- said second base grip component includes a second base connector assembly adjacent the said second elongate grasping surface thereof; and
- aid first auxiliary grip component first auxiliary connector assembly is removably connectable with said second base connector assembly, when said first auxiliary connector assembly is connected with said second base connector assembly said first auxiliary grasping surface being spaced from said first base grip first grasping surface said second predetermined widthwise extent.
80. The apparatus of claim 78 in which:
- said first auxiliary grip component is generally semi-cylindrical in shape, and said first auxiliary grasping surface is of an undulatory finger grasping configuration.
81. The apparatus of claim 78 in which:
- said second base grip component includes a second base connector assembly adjacent the said second elongate grasping surface thereof; and
- further comprising a second auxiliary grip component having a second auxiliary grasping surface and a second auxiliary connector assembly adjacent said second auxiliary grasping surface removably connectable with said first base connector assembly as said second base connector assembly, when said second auxiliary connector assembly is connected with said first or second base connector assembly said second auxiliary grasping surface being spaced from respective said second or first grip surface said second predetermined widthwise extent.
82. The apparatus of claim 81 in which:
- said second auxiliary grip component is generally semi-cylindrical in shape, and said second auxiliary grasping surface is generally of concave curvature effective to engage the palm of the hand.
83. The apparatus of claim 78 in which:
- said second base grip component includes a second base connector assembly adjacent the said second elongate grasping surface thereof;
- further comprising a second auxiliary grip component having a second auxiliary grasping surface and a second auxiliary connector assembly adjacent said second auxiliary grasping surface removably connectable with said first base connector assembly;
- said first auxiliary grip component first auxiliary connector assembly is removably connectable with said second base connector assembly; and
- when said first auxiliary connector assembly is connected with said second base connector assembly and said second auxiliary connector assembly is connected with said first base connector assembly, said second auxiliary grasping surface is spaced from said first auxiliary grasping surface a third predetermined widthwise extent greater than said second predetermined widthwise extent.
84. The apparatus of claim 78 in which:
- said readout assembly is mounted at said housing interaction portion in an angular orientation effective to be observed only from an eye station having a line of sight confronting said first base grip component.
85. A system for carrying out an isometric exercise regimen by a user, comprising:
- a hand grip assembly including a load cell component responsive to compressive squeezing force applied by a hand of said user to derive a load value output corresponding with the value of said force;
- a display, responsive to a visual input signal to provide a visually perceptible display output;
- first and second control members hand actuable to provide respective first and second control conditions;
- a controller including a processor and memory operatively associated therewith; and
- said processor being responsive to said first control condition to conditionally enter a diagnostic grip test mode providing a said visual input signal deriving a first prompt at said display to actuate said first control member to enter said diagnostic grip test mode, is responsive to said second control condition to v conditionally enter a therapy mode, and is then responsive to said first control f condition to provide a said visual input signal deriving a second prompt at said display to actuate said first control member to enter said therapy mode.
86. The system of claim 85 in which:
- said processor is responsive in the presence of said first prompt to said first control condition to derive a said visual input signal providing a third prompt to said user at said display to actuate said first control member to enter a maximum grip test therapy mode.
87. The system of claim 85 in which:
- said processor is responsive in the presence of said first prompt to said second control condition to derive a said visual input signal providing a fourth prompt at said display to actuate said first control member to enter a rapid exchange diagnostic mode.
88. The system of claim 85 in which:
- said processor is responsive in the presence said second prompt to said first control condition to derive a said visual input signal providing a fifth prompt at said display to actuate said first control member to enter a fixed exercise therapy mode.
89. The system of claim 85 in which:
- said processor is responsive in the presence of said second prompt to said second control condition to derive a said visual input signal providing a sixth prompt at said display to actuate said first control member to enter a stepped exercise therapy mode.
90-93. (canceled)
94. A method for carrying out an isometric exercising by a user, comprising the steps of:
- identifying a muscle group of said user for isometrically exercising;
- measuring the maximum isometric strength capability value of said identified muscle group;
- identifying a protocol matrix of factors;
- nominating values to said factors;
- initiating and monitoring an exercise protocol based upon a said factor, applied to said measured maximum strength to derive a target force value and a factor representing a hold interval for said target force;
- annunciating an alarm when said target force value is exceeded by said user during said exercise;
- compiling exercise data from said exercise protocol; and
- archiving said exercise data.
95. The method of claim 94 further comprising the step:
- providing compliance scores during said exercise protocol.
96. The method of claim 94 in which:
- said muscle group is identified from the group comprising:
- jaw muscles, neck muscles, shoulder muscles, upper arm muscles, lower arm muscles, hand muscles, finger muscles, diaphragm muscles, abdominal muscles, lower back muscles, upper leg muscles, lower leg muscles, ankle muscles, foot muscles, and toe muscles.
97. The method of claim 94 further comprising the step of:
- establishing a goal strength of measuring the maximum strength of an unimpaired muscle group contralateral to said identified muscle group.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 8, 2005
Publication Date: Mar 23, 2006
Inventors: Michael Smyser (Galena, OH), Ronald Wiley (Oxford, OH), Thomas Harris (Powell, OH)
Application Number: 11/198,399
International Classification: A61B 5/103 (20060101); A61B 5/117 (20060101); A61B 5/22 (20060101); G01L 3/24 (20060101); A63B 21/00 (20060101);