Two-part telescopic tensioner for risers at a floating installation for oil and gas production
A tensioning device (15) for a riser (5) connecting a subsea borehole (7) with a floating installation (1) on the surface of the sea (11), where the tensioning device (15) is provided with telescoping tubes (27, 27′) and also several evenly spaced hydraulic cylinders (31, 31′) arranged in a peripherally encircling manner and mainly in the longitudinal direction of the riser, and where the tension in the riser is exerted through hydraulic pressure in said cylinder (31, 31′), the tensioning device (15) consisting of two successive, interconnected telescopic tensioning units (23, 25), the tensioning units (23, 25) being designed separately to maintain a prescribed tension in the riser (5).
This invention regards a two-part telescopic tensioner for connection to a riser extending between a borehole and a floating installation on a subsea oil or gas field, where the purpose of the tensioner is to maintain tension in the riser, partly through taking up the rapid vertical movements of the floating installation, and partly through compensating for the slow changes in difference in level between the top of the borehole with its seabed installation, and the floating installation.
Waves and wind cause rapid changes in the level difference between the seabed and the floating installation used for offshore exploration or production of hydrocarbons.
Slow changes are caused by tidal changes, changes in the load on the installation, trimming of the installation for adjustment of freeboard according to forecast changes in the weather and in the event of horizontal drift.
The main function of a telescopic riser unit is to ensure that the upper part of the riser is able to telescope without any leakage of the liquids and/or gases that are being conveyed through the pipe. The telescopic unit may co-operate with a separate system for riser tensioning, or the telescopic unit may comprise integrated hydraulic cylinders that through co-operation with pumps and accumulators ensure that the required tension is maintained in the riser.
In waters having great tidal variations and/or a large design wave height, the telescopic units used today have a length of stroke of up to 70 feet (21,34 metres).
The use of single telescopic units dimensioned to accommodate both rapid and slow predictable variations has several disadvantages. It leads to
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- a) movement of an unnecessarily large dynamic mass;
- b) wear and tear and a requirement for maintenance on large units; and
- c) a requirement for several sizes.
The object of the invention is to remedy the disadvantages of prior art.
The object is achieved by the characteristics stated in the description below and in the following claims.
Two standard telescopic units, preferably having different lengths, e.g. 40 and 25 feet (12,19 and 7,62 metres), are connected. This two-part telescopic unit is then coupled to an upper end of a riser extending vertically from a borehole on the seabed to a floating oil installation, by use of techniques that are known per se, and a flexible joint on a lower portion of a riser extension that extends above a drill floor on said floating installation via a manifold.
Through techniques that are known per se, the telescopic unit is provided with two tubes at its centre, which tubes telescope inside each other and have dimensions that correspond to the dimension of the riser. The telescopic unit is provided with suitable packings according to prior art, which packings ensure that any leakage of the liquid or gas flowing through the riser is, under the circumstances, kept at an acceptable level.
Each telescopic unit is equipped with several evenly spaced hydraulic cylinders arranged in a peripherally encircling manner and mainly in the longitudinal direction of the telescopic unit, all according to art that is known per se.
The two telescopic units are connected separately to a hydraulic system that is known per se, having an associated control system which according to the invention is designed to maintain a predetermined tension in the riser, the length of one or both of the telescopic units being adjusted in time with the variations in the height of the floating installation above the seabed.
When the tension in the riser needs to be adjusted to compensate for rapid movements in the floating installation, use is preferably made of the upper telescopic unit. This allows the advantage of moving the smallest possible mass, as only the overhead riser extension is moved with the upper telescopic unit.
When the required adjustments in tension are due to slow changes in the level of the floating installation relative to the seabed, e.g. due to tidal changes or an increase in the stability of a platform in anticipation of big waves, by lowering it deeper into the sea, the lower telescopic unit is adjusted.
In a situation where the upper telescopic unit is not functioning, the two-part riser tensioner of the invention will, within certain limits, be able to maintain the correct tension in the riser by the control system being reset so as to make the lower telescopic unit compensate for the rapid changes in level of the floating installation.
In the following, a description is given of a non-limiting example of a preferred embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
In the drawings, reference number 1 denotes a floating drilling platform with a derrick 3. A riser 5 extends from a borehole installation 7 on the seabed 9 towards the drilling platform, which floats on the surface of the sea 11.
The riser 5 comprises an upper section 13 with a tensioning device 15. A riser extension 17 comprises a joint 19 and a manifold 21.
The tensioning device 15 comprises an upper telescopic unit 23 and a lower telescopic unit 25. Each telescopic unit 23, 25 comprises a telescopic tube 27, 27′ with associated flanges 29, 29′, 30, 30′ for coupling to the riser 5 adjacent to the respective telescopic unit, riser joint 19 and/or the telescopic unit 23, 25.
Each telescopic unit 23, 25 is provided with several evenly spaced hydraulic cylinders 31, 31′ arranged in a peripherally encircling manner and mainly in the longitudinal direction of the telescopic unit 23, 25.
The telescopic units 23, 25 are separately connected to a hydraulic system (not shown) comprising pumps, control devices and an oil reservoir.
The rapid vertical movements of the floating installation 1 caused by waves or other influences are normally compensated through hydraulic adjustment of the upper tensioning unit 23. The lower tensioning unit 25 is not adjusted. This maintains a prescribed tension in the riser 5 through movement of only a part of the tensioning device 15. Thus both the dynamic forces acting on the equipment, the power consumption and the wear and tear on the equipment are reduced.
Slow, predictable vertical movements (tidal changes, trimming of the deepdraught of the floating installation etc.) are compensated for through adjusting the lower tensioning unit 25.
In a situation where one of the tensioning units 23, 25 is out of operation (damage or maintenance) the other tensioning unit may be used to compensate for both rapid and slow changes in the vertical position of the floating installation 1 relative to the seabed 9.
Claims
1. A tensioning device (15) for a riser (5) connecting a subsea borehole (7) with a floating installation (1) on the surface of the sea (11), where the tensioning device (15) is provided with telescoping tubes (27, 27′) and also several evenly spaced hydraulic cylinders (31, 31′) arranged in a peripherally encircling manner and mainly in the longitudinal direction of the riser, and where the tension in the riser is exerted through hydraulic pressure in said cylinder (31, 31′), characterized in that the tensioning device (15) consists of two successive, interconnected telescopic tensioning units (23, 25), the tensioning units (23, 25) being designed separately to maintain a prescribed tension in the riser (5).
2. A method of maintaining tension in a riser (5) in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the rapid changes in the vertical position of a floating installation (1) relative to a seabed (9) are compensated for by an upper tensioning unit (23) maintaining a prescribed tension in the riser (5), and that the slow changes in the vertical position of the floating installation (1) relative to the seabed (9) are compensated for by a lower tensioning unit maintaining the prescribed tension in the riser (5), and that the upper or lower tensioning unit (23, 25) alone maintains the prescribed tension in the riser (5) in a situation where one of the tensioning units is out of operation.
International Classification: E21B 29/12 (20060101);
