Nasal cannula
A nasal cannula comprising: a base portion defining a gas passageway and one or more nozzles defining a second gas passageway in gaseous communication with the first gas passageway for directing a therapeutic flow of gas to a user's nares. The nasal cannula may include one or more sensors for measuring the properties of gas within a user's nares. The nozzle may be a nasal insert that is inserted into the user's nares; recesses or grooves are provided for preventing sealing of the nasal insert with the nare. The nozzle may be shaped to avoid insertion into the user's nares, thus preventing sealing with the nares. A stop may be positioned between two nozzles to engage a user's columella and prevent the nozzles from inserting into the user's nares. Elongate extensions are provided for inserting into the user's nares and supporting sensors for measuring gas properties therein.
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This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/716,776, filed Sep. 12, 2005, of which the contents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONNasal cannulas are used to deliver respiratory gases for therapeutic effect, including O2 therapy, treatment for sleep apnea, and respiratory support. However, treatment with certain types of nasal cannulas may be limited by the lack of information available on important treatment parameters. These parameters include information regarding the gases within the user's upper airway, such as pressure, flow rate, and carbon dioxide build up. These and other data may be useful in judging the efficacy of treatment as well as for controlling and monitoring treatment.
In addition, prior art nasal cannula designs (especially those designed for neonatal oxygen therapy) may undesirably create a seal with the user's nares, which may have detrimental effects on the user's health.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSReference will now be made to the accompanying drawing figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale.
The present inventions now will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. For example, elements 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 830, and 930 are all nasal inserts according to various embodiments of the invention.
Overview of Functionality
Nasal cannula according to various embodiments of the invention may be configured to deliver high-flow therapeutic gases to a patient's upper airway through the patient's nose. Such gases may include, for example, air, humidity, oxygen, therapeutic gases or a mixture of these, and may be heated or unheated. In particular embodiments of the invention, the cannula may be useful for CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) applications, which may be useful in the treatment of sleep apnea and in providing respiratory support to patients (e.g., after abdominal surgery), to alleviate snoring, or for other therapeutic uses.
Nasal cannula according to particular embodiments of the invention include (or are adapted to facilitate the positioning of) one or more sensors adjacent or within one or more of the cannula's nasal inserts. Accordingly, the nasal cannula may be configured so that at least a portion of one or more sensors is in place in one or both of a user's nares when the nasal cannula is operably worn by the user. This may be particularly helpful in evaluating the environment of the internal portion of the user's nose and/or the user's upper airway. As described in greater detail below, in various embodiments of the invention, the cannula is adapted so that it will not create a seal with the patient's nares when the cannula is in use.
Nasal cannula according to other embodiments of the invention include nozzles that are adapted to remain outside of a user's nares while the cannula is in use. Accordingly, the nozzles avoid sealing with the patient's nares while the cannula is in use. In some embodiments, the nasal cannula include elongate extensions that are inserted into the user's nares to detect pressure in one or both nares.
In certain embodiments of the invention, sensors are provided adjacent or within both of the nasal cannula's nasal inserts. In various other embodiments, sensors are provided adjacent or within one or more elongate extensions that extend into the user's nares. In various embodiments, elongate extensions may be used in conjunction with nasal inserts or with nozzles. The use of sensors may be useful, for example, in monitoring environmental changes from one of the user's nares to the other. This information may be helpful, for example, in determining when the dominant flow of air changes from one of the user's nares to the other, which may affect the desired flow characteristics of therapy. Accordingly, data from each nare may provide information which may be useful in establishing or modifying the user's treatment regimen.
Overview of Exemplary Cannula Structures
A cannula 100 according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in
In various embodiments of the invention, the cannula 100 includes a first inlet 117 adjacent the outer end of the first end portion 115, and a second inlet 122 adjacent the second end portion 120 (in other embodiments, the cannula may include only one such inlet). The cannula 100 further comprises a pair of hollow, elongated, tubular nasal inserts (e.g., nasal catheters) 125, 130 that extend outwardly from the nasal cannula's base portion 105 and that are in gaseous communication with the base portion's interior. In various embodiments, the respective central axes of the nasal inserts 125, 130 are substantially parallel to each other, and are substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the central portion 110 of the nasal cannula's base portion 105.
In particular embodiments of the invention, the cannula defines at least one conduit that is adapted to guide a sensor so that the sensor is introduced adjacent or into the interior of the cannula so that, when the cannula is being operably worn by a user, the environment being monitored by the sensor reflects that of the internal portion of the user's nose and/or the user's upper airway. In various embodiments of the invention, a user may temporarily insert the sensor into or through the conduit to determine correct settings for the cannula system, and then may remove the sensor after the correct settings have been achieved. In other embodiments, the sensor may be left in place within the conduit for the purpose of monitoring gas data within (or adjacent) the cannula over time (e.g., for purposes of controlling the user's therapy regimen). In a further embodiment, the sensor may be positioned adjacent an outlet of the conduit.
The sensor may be connected (e.g., via electrical wires) to a computer that is controlling the flow of respiratory gases into the cannula. The computer may use information received from the sensor to control this flow of gas and/or other properties of the system, or may issue an alarm if the information satisfies pre-determined criteria (e.g., if the information indicates potentially dangerous conditions within the patient's airway).
As may be understood from
As may be understood from
In various embodiments of the invention, a sensor (e.g., a pressure, temperature, or O2 sensor) is provided adjacent at least one of (and preferably each of) the cannula's outlets 136, 141 and is used to measure the properties of gas from that outlet 136, 141. In a further embodiment of the invention, accessory tubing is used to connect each outlet 135, 140 with at least one corresponding sensor (and/or at least one external monitoring device) that may, for example, be spaced apart from the cannula 100.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, one or more sensors are provided within the conduit, and used to measure the properties of gas accessed through the conduit. In this embodiment, information from each sensor may be relayed to a control system outside the cannula via, for example, an electrical wire that extends from the sensor and through the outlet 135, 140 of the conduit in which the sensor is disposed.
In alternative embodiments of the invention, each of the cannula's conduits may extend: (1) from the inlets 152, 154; (2) through, or adjacent, a side wall of one of the cannula's nasal inserts 125, 130; (3) through, or adjacent, a side wall of the cannula's body portion 105; and (4) to an outlet 135, 140 that is defined within, or disposed adjacent, the cannula's body portion 105. In one such embodiment, the conduit comprises a substantially tubular portion that is disposed adjacent an interior surface of the cannula's body portion.
As may be understood from
In particular embodiments of the invention, at least one sensor 245 is fixedly attached to the cannula 100 so that it may not be easily removed by a user. Also, in particular embodiments, at least one sensor 245 is detachably connected adjacent the cannula 100 so that the sensor 245 may be easily detached from (and, in certain embodiments, reattached to) the cannula 100.
The cannula 1000 includes a hollow, elongated tubular base portion 1005 that includes a central portion 1010, a first end portion 1015, and a second end portion 1020. The first and second end portions 1010, 1015 may be angled relative to the central portion 1010, as shown in
The cannula 1000 further comprises a pair of hollow, elongated, tubular nozzles (a first nozzle 1026 and a second nozzle 1031) that extend outwardly from the nasal cannula's base portion 1005. In various embodiments, the respective central axes of the nozzles 1026, 1031 are substantially parallel to each other and are substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the central portion 1010 of the nasal cannula's base portion 1005. In various embodiments, the nozzles 1026, 1031 define conduits that are in gaseous communication with the interior of the cannula's base portion 1005. In particular embodiments of the invention, the first and second nozzles 1026, 1031 are adapted to be positioned outside of a user's nares while the cannula is in use. In particular embodiments, the nozzles 1026, 1031 each define a respective nozzle outlet. For example, the first nozzle 1026 defines a first nozzle outlet 1083, and the second nozzle 1031 defines a second nozzle outlet 1084. In various embodiments, when the nasal cannula 1000 is operatively positioned adjacent a user's nares, each of the nozzle's outlets 1083, 1084 is positioned to direct a focused flow of gas into a corresponding one of the user's nares.
In alternative embodiments, such as the embodiment shown in
In various embodiments, the nasal cannula includes one or more elongate extensions that are adapted for insertion into one or more of the user's nares. For example, returning to the embodiment shown in
As a further example,
As described above, in certain embodiments of the invention, the nasal cannula includes one or more sensors that are adapted to measure gas data (e.g., gas pressure) within the user's nares while the nasal cannula is in use. For example, the nasal cannula 1000 shown in
In other embodiments, the elongate extensions define conduits. For example, the sensor(s) may be positioned within the interior or exterior of the elongate extensions and information from the sensor(s) may be relayed to a control system via a wire extending through a conduit (for example, conduit 1023 of
In various embodiments, each elongate extension defines a respective conduit that can serve as an air passageway. For example, in certain embodiments, each conduit is adapted to provide a passage that permits gaseous communication between a user's nares and a control system or other device for measuring and adjusting the properties of the air. In this and other embodiments, a sensor may be positioned at the control box to measure the properties (e.g., pressure) of air in the user's nares. In some embodiments, the elongate extensions define a conduit that serves both as an air passageway as well as a conduit for allowing a wire to pass from a sensor positioned adjacent the tip of the elongate extension to the control system or other device.
Data Monitored by Sensors
In various embodiments of the invention, such as those described above, one or more sensors may be positioned to measure gas data within an interior portion of one of the nasal cannula's conduits, or to measure gas data adjacent an exterior portion of the cannula. In such embodiments, one or more sensors may be, for example, positioned adjacent an interior or exterior surface of the cannula. In certain embodiments of the invention, one or more of the cannula's sensors is adapted to monitor one or more of the following types of data within the cannula's conduits, or adjacent the cannula's exterior surface (e.g., adjacent a side portion, or distal end of, one of the cannula's nasal inserts): (1) gas pressure; (2) gas flow rate; (3) carbon dioxide content; (4) temperature; (5) moisture level; and/or (6) oxygen content.
Absolute vs. Relative Pressure Measurements
In various embodiments of the invention, the cannula may be configured for sensing absolute pressure within, or adjacent, a particular portion of the cannula. Similarly, in particular embodiments, the cannula may be configured to measure the difference between the pressure at two different locations within the cannula. This may be done, for example, by providing two separate sensors (e.g., that are positioned in different locations within one of the cannula's conduits), or by providing two physically distinct gas intake conduits, each of which is adapted for routing gas from a different location within the cannula. For example, in various embodiments of the invention shown in
Suitable Sensors
Suitable sensors for use with various embodiments of the invention include electronic and optical sensors. For example, suitable sensors may include: (1) Disposable MEM Piezoelectric sensors (e.g., from Silex Microsensors); (2) light-based sensors such as a McCaul O2 sensor—see U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,661 to McCaul; and (3) Micro-pressure sensors, such as those currently available from Honeywell.
Non-Sealing Feature
As shown in
In particular embodiments of the invention, such as the embodiment shown in
For example, in the embodiment of the invention shown in
The general embodiment shown in
Similarly, as may be understood from
As may be understood from
As may be understood from
In certain embodiments, as discussed above, a conduit 850 is provided in each of the cannula's nasal inserts 825, 830 (see
It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention shown in
Turning to yet another embodiment of the invention, as shown in
As may be understood from
As may be understood from
For example, the stop 1190 may be positioned so that when the nasal cannula 1100 is in use, the stop is designed to engage the columella of the user's nose and thereby prevent the nozzles 1126, 1131 from being inserted into the user's nares. In various embodiments, the first and second nozzles 1126, 1131 are positioned on either side of the stop 1190 so that when the nasal cannula 1100 is operatively in use, the each nozzle 1126, 1131 will be spaced apart from a respective particular one of the patient's nares and will be positioned to direct a focused flow of gas into that particular nare by, for example, being positioned so that the outlet (and distal end) of each nozzle (first outlet 1183 and second outlet 1184) is substantially in-line (e.g., substantially co-axial) with, a corresponding one of the patient's nares.
As may be understood from
As may be understood from
In various other embodiments, the cannula's single nozzle may have a different cross-section that is not oblong or elliptical. For example, the nozzle may have a substantially circular cross-section, with a diameter that is wide enough to allow air to flow into both of a user's nares when the cannula is in use, while simultaneously being wide enough to prevent insertion into a single nare. In various other embodiments, the nasal cannula may have more than one nozzle, each having a substantially oblong cross section and a width that prevents insertion into each of a user's nares.
In various embodiments, one or more of the cannula's elongate extensions has a diameter that is adapted to prevent sealing with the user's nares. For example, the elongate extension(s) may have a diameter that is substantially narrower than a user's nares, so that sealing is avoided. In other embodiments, the elongate extension(s) may include features such as grooves or recesses, as described above, to prevent sealing when inserted into a user's nare(s).
Exemplary Use of the Cannula
To use a cannula according to a particular embodiment of the invention, a physician or technician may have a patient use the cannula for a brief period of time, while the physician or technician monitors information received from the cannula's various sensors, or the information may be recorded for later analysis. The physician or technician may then use this information to adjust the structure or operation of the cannula until the cannula's sensors indicate that the patient's upper airway environment satisfies certain conditions.
Similarly, in various embodiments, the cannula's sensors may be used to monitor conditions within the patient's upper airway over time. In a particular embodiment, the cannula's sensors may be connected to a control system that will automatically alter or modify the flow of therapeutic gas into the cannula if information from the sensor indicates undesirable conditions within the patient's upper airway. In further embodiments of the invention, the sensor is connected to a control system that issues an alarm if information from the cannula's sensors indicate undesirable conditions within the patient's airway.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. For example, although the embodiment shown in
Claims
1. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a base portion defining a first therapeutic gas passageway;
- a nasal insert disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second therapeutic gas passageway, said first therapeutic gas passageway being in gaseous communication with said second therapeutic gas passageway; and
- at least one sensor for measuring the properties of gas adjacent said nasal insert.
2. The nasal cannula of claim 1, wherein said nasal insert further defines an elongated conduit that is adapted to route gas from adjacent an exterior portion of said nasal insert and through said conduit and to said sensor.
3. The nasal cannula of claim 2, wherein said at least one sensor is disposed within said conduit.
4. The nasal cannula of claim 2, wherein:
- said nasal cannula defines an outlet for said conduit; and
- said sensor is disposed adjacent said outlet.
5. The nasal cannula of claim 1, wherein:
- said nasal insert is a first nasal insert;
- said at least one sensor comprises a first sensor;
- said data is a first set of data; and
- said nasal cannula comprises: a second nasal insert disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a third therapeutic gas passageway, said third therapeutic gas passageway being in gaseous communication with said first therapeutic gas passageway, and a second sensor for measuring the properties of gas adjacent said second nasal insert.
6. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a base portion defining a first interior portion;
- a nasal insert disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second interior portion, said first interior portion being in gaseous communication with said second interior portion; wherein:
- said nasal insert defines a passage that is adapted to guide a sensor between:
- (a) a first position in which the sensor is outside said cannula, and
- (b) a second position in which the sensor is positioned to monitor gas data adjacent an exterior portion of said cannula.
7. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a base portion defining a first interior portion;
- a nasal insert disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second interior portion, said first interior portion being in gaseous communication with said second interior portion, wherein:
- said nasal insert defines a recess that is adapted to prevent said nasal insert from creating a seal with a user's nare when the nasal insert is operatively positioned within said nare.
8. The nasal cannula of claim 7, wherein said recess comprises an elongate groove.
9. The nasal cannula of claim 7, wherein said recess comprises an elongate channel.
10. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a base portion defining a first interior portion;
- a nasal insert disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second interior portion, said first interior portion being in gaseous communication with said second interior portion, wherein:
- said nasal insert defines a passageway that is adapted to prevent said nasal insert from creating a seal with a user's nare when the nasal insert is operatively positioned within said nare, said passageway being dimensioned to: (1) allow the user to inhale ambient air through said passageway, when said nasal insert is operatively positioned within said nare; and (2) to allow the user to exhale air through said passageway when said nasal insert is operatively positioned within said nare.
11. The nasal cannula of claim 10, wherein said nasal cannula further comprises at least one sensor that is configured for determining the internal environment of the user's upper airway for continuous positive airway pressure.
12. The nasal cannula of claim 10, wherein said nasal cannula further comprises at least one sensor that is configured for determining the internal environment of the user's upper airway for high flow respiratory support.
13. The nasal cannula of claim 10, wherein said nasal cannula further comprises at least one sensor that is configured to transmit data to a control system that is adapted for: (A) receiving data from said at least one sensor; and (B) adjusting the delivery of respiratory gas to said nasal cannula based on said data.
14. The nasal cannula of claim 10, wherein said nasal cannula further comprises at least one sensor that is configured to transmit data to a control system that is adapted for receiving data from said at least one sensor and for issuing an alarm in response to said data satisfying pre-determined criteria.
15. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a supply tube defining an interior portion;
- a nasal insert defining a therapeutic gas passageway that is in gaseous communication with said interior portion of said supply tube; and
- at least one sensor for measuring the properties of gas adjacent said nasal insert.
16. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a base portion defining a first therapeutic gas passageway;
- at least one nozzle disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second therapeutic gas passageway, said first therapeutic gas passageway being in gaseous communication with said second therapeutic gas passageway, said at least one nozzle adapted to provide a directed flow of therapeutic gas from said second therapeutic gas passageway and into a particular one of a user's nares when said nasal cannula is operatively positioned adjacent said user's nares; and
- an elongate extension disposed adjacent said nozzle, wherein: said nasal cannula is adapted so that, when said nasal cannula is operatively positioned adjacent said user's nares: said at least one nozzle is spaced apart from said particular one of said user's nares; and said elongate extension extends into an interior portion of said particular one of said user's nares.
17. The nasal cannula of claim 16, wherein said nasal cannula further comprises at least one sensor for measuring the properties of gas within at least one of a user's nares.
18. The nasal cannula of claim 16, wherein said at least one nozzle is sized and shaped to prevent insertion into a user's nare when said at least one nozzle is operatively positioned adjacent said nare.
19. The nasal cannula of claim 16, further comprising a stop disposed adjacent said base portion, wherein said stop is positioned to engage a user's columella and prevent insertion of said nozzle into a user's nare when said nozzle is operatively positioned adjacent said nare.
20. The nasal cannula of claim 16, wherein said elongate extension lies within said second gas passageway and wherein a distal end of said elongate extension extends beyond a distal end of said nozzle.
21. The nasal cannula of claim 16, wherein said at least one sensor is disposed adjacent a distal end of said elongate extension.
22. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a base portion defining a first gas passageway;
- a nozzle disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second therapeutic gas passageway, said first gas passageway being in gaseous communication with said second gas passageway, said nozzle being sized and shaped to prevent insertion into a user's nare when said nozzle is operatively positioned adjacent said nare;
- an elongate extension disposed adjacent said nozzle and defining a third passageway; and
- at least one sensor for measuring the properties of gas adjacent a distal end of said elongate extension.
23. The nasal cannula of claim 22, wherein a distal end of said elongate extension is adapted to be disposed adjacent a particular one of said user's nares when said nasal cannula is operatively positioned adjacent said user's nares.
24. The nasal cannula of claim 22, wherein a distal end of said elongate extension is adapted to be disposed within a particular one of said user's nares when said nasal cannula is operatively positioned adjacent said user's nares.
25. The nasal cannula of claim 24, wherein said sensor is disposed within said elongate extension.
26. A nasal cannula comprising:
- a base portion defining a first gas passageway;
- at least one nozzle disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second gas passageway, said first gas passageway being in gaseous communication with said second gas passageway, said at least one nozzle adapted to provide a directed flow of therapeutic gas from said second therapeutic gas passageway and into a particular one of a user's nares when said nasal cannula is operatively positioned adjacent said user's nares; and
- a stop disposed adjacent said base portion, wherein said stop is positioned to engage a user's columella and prevent insertion of said nozzle into said particular one of said user's nares when said nozzle is operatively positioned adjacent said user's nares.
27. The nasal cannula of claim 26, wherein:
- said nasal cannula further comprises an elongate extension disposed adjacent said nozzle; and
- said nasal cannula is adapted so that, when said nasal cannula is operatively positioned adjacent a user's nares, said elongate extension extends into an interior of said particular one of said user's nares.
28. The nasal cannula of claim 27, further comprising at least one sensor for measuring the properties of gas adjacent said elongate-extension.
29. The nasal cannula of claim 28, wherein a distal end of said elongate extension extends beyond a distal end of said nozzle.
30. A system for delivering therapeutic gas to a user, said system comprising:
- a nasal cannula that comprises: a base portion defining a first therapeutic gas passageway, a nasal insert disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second therapeutic gas passageway, said first therapeutic gas passageway being in gaseous communication with said second therapeutic gas passageway, and at least one sensor for measuring the properties of gas adjacent said nasal insert; and
- a therapeutic gas delivery control system that is adapted to receive data from said at least one sensor, and to adjust a flow of respiratory gas to said nasal cannula based, at least in part, on said data.
31. The system of claim 30, wherein:
- said therapeutic gas delivery control system is further adapted for adjusting a flow of respiratory gas through said first and second passageways based on said data.
32. The system of claim 30, wherein:
- said nasal insert defines a recess that is adapted to prevent said nasal insert from creating a seal with a nare of said user when the nasal insert is operatively positioned within said nare.
33. The nasal cannula of claim 32, wherein said recess comprises an elongate groove.
34. The nasal cannula of claim 32, wherein said recess comprises an elongate channel.
35. The system of claim 30, wherein:
- said nasal insert is a first nasal insert;
- said at least one sensor comprises a first sensor;
- said data is a first set of data; and
- said nasal cannula comprises: a second nasal insert disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a third therapeutic gas passageway, said first therapeutic gas passageway being in gaseous communication with said third therapeutic gas passageway, and a second sensor for measuring the properties of gas adjacent said second nasal insert.
36. The system of claim 35, wherein:
- said therapeutic gas delivery control system is adapted for: receiving a second set of data from said second sensor, and adjusting said flow of respiratory gas to said nasal cannula, at least in part, based on said second set of data.
37. The system of claim 36, wherein said first set of data is a different type of data than said second set of data.
38. The system of claim 36, wherein said first sensor is a different type of sensor than said second sensor.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 12, 2006
Publication Date: May 17, 2007
Applicant:
Inventors: Robert Landis (Mountainside, NJ), Charles Lewis (Carrabelle, FL)
Application Number: 11/520,490
International Classification: A61M 15/08 (20060101);