Downhole Fluid Communication Apparatus and Method
A probe for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation is provided. The downhole tool is positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation. The probe includes a platform operatively connected to the downhole tool, at least one packer operatively connected to the platform, the packer having at least one hole extending therethrough and at least one embedded member disposed in the packer for enhancing the operation of the packer as it is pressed against the wellbore wall.
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This application is a non-provisional application of co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/751,017, filed Dec. 16, 2005, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to techniques for establishing fluid communication between a subterranean formation and a downhole tool positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation. More particularly, the present invention relates to probes and associated techniques for drawing fluid from the formation into the downhole tool.
2. Background of the Related Art
Wellbores are drilled to locate and produce hydrocarbons. A downhole drilling tool with a bit at an end thereof is advanced into the ground to form the wellbore. As the drilling tool is advanced, a drilling mud is pumped through the drilling tool and out the drill bit to cool the drilling tool and carry away cuttings. The fluid exits the drill bit and flows back up to the surface for recirculation through the tool. The drilling mud is also used to form a mudcake to line the wellbore.
During the drilling operation, it is desirable to perform various evaluations of the formations penetrated by the wellbore. In some cases, the drilling tool may be provided with devices to test and/or sample the surrounding formation. In some cases, the drilling tool may be removed and a wireline tool may be deployed into the wellbore to test and/or sample the formation. These samples or tests may be used, for example, to locate and evaluate valuable hydrocarbons.
Formation evaluation often requires that fluid from the formation be drawn into the downhole tool for testing and/or sampling. Various devices, such as probes, are extended from the downhole tool to establish fluid communication with the formation surrounding the wellbore and draw fluid into the downhole tool. A typical probe is an element that may be extended from the downhole tool and positioned against the sidewall of the wellbore. A packer at the end of the probe is used to create a seal with the wall of the formation. The mudcake lining the wellbore is often useful in assisting the packer in making the seal. Once the seal is made, fluid from the formation is drawn into the downhole tool through an inlet in the probe by lowering the pressure in the downhole tool. Examples of such probes used in wireline and/or drilling tools are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,959; 4,860,581; 4,936,139; 6,585,045 and 6,609,568 and U.S. Patent Application Nos. 2004/0000433 and 2004/0173351, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/960,403. In some cases, probes have been provided with mechanisms to support the packer as described in U.S. Paten Application No. 2005/016128 and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/960,404.
Despite the advances in probe technology, there remains a need for a reliable probe that is capable of operating in extremely harsh wellbore conditions. During operation, the seal between the packer and the wellbore wall may be incomplete or lost. The probe and/or packer may deteriorate or destroyed due to extreme temperatures and/or pressure, or due to contact with certain surfaces. When a probe fails to make a sufficient seal with the wellbore wall, problems may occur, such as contamination by wellbore fluids seeping into the downhole tool through the inlet, lost pressure and other problems. Such problems may cause costly delays in the wellbore operations by requiring additional time for more testing and/or sampling. Additionally, such problems may yield false results that are erroneous and/or unusable.
There also remains a need for a probe that routinely provides an adequate seal with the formation, particularly in cases where the surface of the well is rough and the probe may not have good contact with the wellbore wall. It is desirable that such a probe be provided with mechanisms that provide additional support to assure a good seal with the wellbore wall. Moreover, it is desirable that such a probe conforms to the shape of the wellbore, distributes forces about the probe and/or reduces the likelihood of failures. It is further desirable that such a probe and/or packer be capable of one or more of the following, among others: durable in even the harshest wellbore conditions, capable of forming a good seal, capable of conforming to the wellbore wall, adaptable to various wellbore conditions, capable of detecting certain downhole conditions, capable of retaining packer shape, resistant to deformation in certain areas and/or resistant to damage.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSUREIn one aspect of the disclosure, a probe for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation is provided. The probe includes a platform that is operatively connected to the downhole tool, and at least one packer that is operatively connected to the platform. The packer have at least one hole extending through the packer, and includes at least one embedded member disposed in the packer for enhancing the operation of the packer as it is pressed against the wellbore wall whereby the packer forms a seal with the wellbore wall.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a probe for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation is provided. The probe includes a base operatively connected to the downhole tool, and at least one packer operatively connected to the base. The packer have at least one hole through the packer, and includes a first rigid portion and a second rigid portion. The first rigid portion is fixedly attached to the packer, and the second rigid portion slidably engages the first rigid portion, thereby permitting movement of at least a portion of the packer relative to the second rigid portion as the packer is pressed against a wellbore wall.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a packer for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation is provided. The packer has a generally circular shape and a central axis. The central axis of the packer is substantially perpendicular to a vertical axis of the wellbore. An outer surface of the packer is adapted to engage a borehole wall and has a first radius and a first center point. An inner surface of the packer is disposed a first distance apart from the outer surface and is adapted to engage a base. The inner surface has a second radius and a second center pint, such that the first and second center points are on the central axis and such that a second distance between the two center points is between zero and the first distance. The second radius is substantially equal to the sum of the first radius and the second distance minus the first distance.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a packer for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation is disclosed. The packer has a central axis. The central axis is substantially perpendicular to a vertical axis of the wellbore. A base is operatively connected to the downhole tool and to the packer that has at least one hole extending therethrough. An outer surface of the packer is adapted to engage a borehole wall and includes an outer surface having a first radius, wherein the first radius is smaller than a radius of the wellbore.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a method of establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation is provided. The method includes providing a packer having a contact surface adapted to engage a borehole wall and an inner surface; abutting the contact surface of the packer against a borehole wall; applying a force against the inner surface of the packer, thereby pressing the packer against the borehole wall; and creating a substantially homogenous pressure between the borehole wall and the contact surface.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a probe for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation is provided. The probe includes a base operatively connected to the downhole tool and at least one packer having an inner portion and an outer portion that is operatively connected to the base. The packer includes at least one hole extending therethrough and at least one support structure disposed along a portion of the packer. The structure has a first end disposed between the base and an outer surface of the packer, such that the end includes a curved portion extending away from the portion of the packer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSSo that the above recited features and advantages of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
Presently preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the above-identified figures and described in detail below. In describing the preferred embodiments, like or identical reference numerals are used to identify common or similar elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features and certain views of the figures may be shown exaggerated in scale or in schematic in the interest of clarity and conciseness.
In the illustrated example, the present invention is carried by a down hole took, such as the drilling tool 10a of
As shown in
In some cases, the drilling tool 10a is removed and a separate downhole wireline tool is deployed into the wellbore 14 to perform tests and/or take samples. As shown in
As detailed above, the probes 2a, 2b may be used in a variety of tools. As shown below, the probes 2a, 2b may also be configured to operate with multiple inlets. Accordingly, the probe and packer configurations disclosed thereafter may be adapted for use in various tools and having one or more inlets. For example, in one embodiment as illustrated in
The packer 212 is positioned on the platform 218. As shown, the packer 212 may be secured to a plate 232 which is then secured to the platform 218. Alternatively, the packer 212 may be secured to the platform 218 without the use of the plate 232. The packer 212 and/or plate 232 may be secured to the platform by bonding, mechanical coupling or other techniques. The packer is typically provided with a surface adapted to conform to the platform 218. In some cases, the packer 212 is positioned on a plate that is operatively connected to platform 218 as will be described more fully below.
The packer 212 is typically an elliptical, circular or oblong member having a hole 230 extending therethrough for the passage of fluids. The optional tube 214 extends into the hole 230. The tube 214 defines in part an inlet 215 for the passage of fluid, with the hole 230 also defining part of the inlet 215. In some cases, the tube 230 is adapted to extend and retract to make selective contact with the formation. The tube 230 may be provided with a filter to screen contaminates as the fluid enters the downhole tool.
The packer 212 surrounds the inlet to provide a seal with the formation 16. The seal may be used to prevent fluid from passing between the inlet 215 and the wellbore wall 17. The seal is also used to establish fluid communication with the formation so that fluid may pass through the probe 2a without leakage. The packer 212 has typically a curved or arcuate outer surface 248 adapted to contact the usually cylindrical wall of the wellbore. The arcuate outer circle may form part of a circle, ellipse or other shape. The arcuate outer surface 248 may be constructed from a single material, or may be constructed from several sections or materials (see e.g.,
The packer 212 may be provided with a variety of geometries, such as rectangular, oblong, rounded, etc., depending on the desired function. In some cases, the packer 212 may be elongated so that it may extend across more than one formation during operation. One or more probes and/or packers with one or more inlets may be provided. The inlets may be of varied dimension and size as needed for the specific application. The outer surface 248 of the packer may be shaped for optimal sealing with the wellbore wall as will be described more fully below.
For example, as illustrated in
As shown, the first inlet 315 is defined by tube 314 positioned in a first hole 330 extending through the packer 311. The packer 311 is depicted as an extendable packer adapted to extend from the probe to contact the wellbore wall. An actuator (not shown), such as a hydraulic actuator known in the art, may be provided to extend and retract the packer(s) and/or tube 314. The second packer 312 is positioned about the packer 311. In this position, the packers are concentric and have a gap therebetween that defines the second inlet 317. The first flowline 316 extends from the inlet 315, and the second flowline 318 extends from the inlet 317 and into the downhole tool.
While
As such,
In operation of the probe 2a in
Now turning to
In particular, a packer 300a illustrated in
As shown in
The packer of
The reinforcers 360 may be selectively placed in the packer to maximize strength, sealing capability and or durability. For example, it may be desirable to have fewer reinforcers 360 near the outer surface 348a where the seal is made, and/or more reinforcers along an outer periphery 352a and/or inner periphery 362a to prevent the packer from substantially flattening.
The support member 303 is preferably a material with less elastic deformation that the sealing material 301b. The support material may be, for example, peek, Teflon, composite or other material that is adapted to provide support and/or reduce the deformation of the packer. The sturdy support material is adapted to maintain the shape of the probe and prevent deformation as the probe is pressed against the wellbore wall. The sealing material 301b is preferably an elastomeric material, such as the material 301a of
One or more rings of various rigidity may be positioned about the periphery of the packer 300d to provide peripheral support thereto. The rings may surround the packer to provide support thereto. The rings may be positioned and made of select materials to provide the desired rigidity, deformation and/or durability. As shown, the packer 300d is provided with a flat outer surface 348d. This figure demonstrates that a variety of configurations may be provided. However, the outer surface 348d may be adjusted to provide the desired sealing capability.
The sealing material 301e has a hole 342e therethrough and an outer surface 348e that is generally concave. However, around adjacent hole 342e, the sealing material 301e has a raised portion 390e. The raised portion 390e is generally convex to provide an initial contact surface with the wellbore wall. Additionally, the packer 300e is provided with a slot or void 391e adapted to permit movement of the first ring 380e about the periphery of the packer and/or to provide an area for sealing material to move as it deforms. Keyways and/or ears may be provided in the rings and/or sealing material to prevent relative rotation therebetween.
Packer 300f of
The sealing material 301i is positioned in the cavity 416 and defines a portion of the outer surface 348i of the packer. The sealing material 301i is preferably sufficiently flexible to permit a good seal. The sealing material 301i is supported by the embedded and peripheral supports. The inner peripheral support is provided to assist in preventing the sealing material from flowing into the hole and cutting off flow as it is pressed against the wellbore wall. The embedded and peripheral supports may be attached to plate 232i by bolts or screws 408i. The sealing material may be bonded to the embedded and/or peripheral supports.
The packers and/or probes provided herein may be provided with inner, peripheral and embedded supports. Various types of inner, peripheral and/or embedded supports may be used with a variety of probe configurations. The shape of the packer may be modified to receive the support and/or form a seal with the wellbore wall. Similarly, the materials, configurations and shapes of the packers set forth herein may be interchanges and selected for the specific application.
For example, as illustrated in
Such sensors 410 may be extruded into the sealing material, or attached to the probe at the desired location. When embedded in the sealing material, the sensors 410 may also provide support thereto. The sensors may be operatively connected, using wired or unwired techniques, to processors, memories or other devices capable of collecting, storing and/or analyzing the data collected by the sensors and known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The sensors 410 may be provided with antennas or other communication devices for transferring data from the sensors to the downhole tool and/or surface.
In
FIGS. 4A-D depicts the dimension of a packer 500. The packer 500 is made of a sealing material 501 affixed to plate 532. The packer has a hole 530 extending therethrough. The packer is shown with tube 514 positioned therein. As shown in
The outer surface of the packer is preferably shaped to contact the wellbore wall and conform thereto.
The probes may have one or more inlets for receiving fluids. The probes may be adapted to receive fluid into or eject fluid from the downhole tool. The packers may also be provided with reinforcement, sensors, inflation or other devices. Other probe devices, such as filters, valves, actuators and other components may be used with the probe(s) described herein.
In addition to or as an alternative to the various packer configurations described above, the relative shape of the packer may be manipulated to obtain a more homogenous contact pressure distribution of the packer as it is pressed against the borehole wall. This is contrary to currently available packers that have a non-homogenous contact pressure distribution about the packer. Specifically, currently available packers are commonly shaped in an attempt to match a profile of the borehole wall, as is illustrated in
One manner of providing a constant contact pressure about a packer 600 is illustrated in
In another embodiment, as illustrated in
Alternately worded, D2 the thickness of the packer and D1 the distance between the centers of curvature in
In another embodiment, as illustrated in
In this embodiment, however, as best seen in
A packer 900 shown in
It will be understood from the foregoing description that various modifications and changes may be made in the preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention without departing from its true spirit. For example, the internal and/or external support may remain fixed as the probe extends, or extend with the probe. When extendable, the supports may be telescopically extended, spring loaded, and adjustable. The external support may be connected to the downhole tool and/or the probe. Various combinations of the supports and the amount of surface area contact with the packer are envisioned.
This description is intended for purposes of illustration only and should not be construed in a limiting sense. The scope of this invention should be determined only by the language of the claims that follow. The term “comprising” within the claims is intended to mean “including at least” such that the recited listing of elements in a claim are an open group. “A,” “an” and other singular terms are intended to include the plural forms thereof unless specifically excluded.
Claims
1. A probe for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation, the downhole tool positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, comprising:
- a platform operatively connected to the downhole tool;
- at least one packer operatively connected to the platform, the packer having at least one hole extending therethrough;
- at least one embedded member disposed in the packer for enhancing the operation of the packer as it is pressed against the wellbore wall whereby the packer forms a seal with the wellbore wall.
2. The probe of claim 1 wherein the at least one embedded member is a sensor.
3. The probe of claim 2 wherein the sensor measures one of a formation parameter and downhole parameter.
4. The probe of claim 2 wherein the sensor measures one of pressure, fluid properties, stress, temperature, displacement, and load.
5. The probe of claim 1 wherein the at least one embedded member is a reinforcement member.
6. The probe of claim 5 including a plurality of reinforcement members selectively positioned near an outer surface of the packer.
7. A probe for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation, the downhole tool positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, comprising:
- a base operatively connected to the downhole tool;
- at least one packer operatively connected to the base, the packer having at least one hole extending therethrough;
- a first rigid portion fixedly attached to the packer; and
- a second rigid portion slidably engaged with the first rigid portion to permit movement of at least a portion of the packer relative to the second rigid portion as the packer is pressed against a wellbore wall.
8. The probe of claim 7 wherein the first rigid portion is disposed around a periphery of the packer.
9. The probe of claim 7 wherein the packer includes a stop member for restricting movement of the first portion relative to the second portion.
10. The probe of claim 9 wherein the stop member includes an outwardly extending lip on the first rigid portion and an inwardly extending lip the second rigid portion, the lips being adapted to engage each other to stop the relative movement.
11. The probe of claim 7 further including a void in the packer disposed adjacent the first rigid portion.
12. The probe of claim 10 wherein a void is disposed around a periphery of the packer between the lip of the first portion and the base.
13. The probe of claim 7 wherein the hole is disposed near a center of the packer and defines a first inlet.
14. The probe of claim 13 further including a second packer disposed about a periphery of the at least one packer, wherein a gap disposed between the at least one packer and the second packer defines a second inlet.
15. A packer for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation, the downhole tool positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, comprising:
- a central axis, wherein the central axis of the packer is substantially perpendicular to a vertical axis of the wellbore;
- an outer surface adapted to engage a borehole wall, the outer surface having a first radius an a first center point;
- an inner surface disposed a first distance apart from the outer surface and being adapted to engage a base, the inner surface having a second radius and a second center point, wherein the first and second center points are on the central axis such that a second distance between the two center points is between zero and the first distance; and
- wherein the second radius is substantially equal to the sum of the first radius and the second distance minus the first distance.
16. The packer of claim 15 wherein the first distance is substantially equal to the second distance.
17. The packer of claim 15 wherein the second distance is substantially equal to zero.
18. The packer of claim 15 further including an aperture disposed through a center of the packer for providing fluid communication between a formation and the tool.
19. The packer of claim 18 wherein the aperture defines a first inlet and the packer further includes a second inlet disposed about the first inlet.
20. The packer of claim 15 further including a base platform disposed adjacent the inner surface of the packer.
21. The packer of claim 15 wherein a pressure between the outer surface and the borehole wall is substantially similar at all areas of contact when the packer is pressed against the borehole wall.
22. A packer for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation, the downhole tool positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, comprising:
- a central axis substantially perpendicular to a vertical axis of the wellbore;
- a base operatively connected to the downhole tool and to the packer, the packer having at least one hole extending therethrough;
- an outer surface adapted to engage a borehole wall, the outer surface having a first radius about the vertical axis of the packer, wherein the first radius is smaller than a radius of the wellbore.
23. The packer of claim 22 wherein the hole defines a first inlet and the packer further includes a second inlet disposed about the first inlet.
24. The packer of claim 22 wherein the first radius is approximately 6.125 inches and the wellbore radius is approximately one of 8, 10 and 12.25 inches.
25. The packer of claim 22 wherein a pressure between the outer surface and the borehole wall is substantially similar at all area of contact when the packer is pressed against the borehole wall.
26. A method of establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation, the downhole tool positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, comprising:
- providing a packer having a contact surface adapted to engage a borehole wall and an inner surface;
- abutting the contact surface of the packer against a borehole wall;
- applying a force against the inner surface of the packer, thereby pressing the packer against the borehole wall; and
- creating a substantially homogenous pressure between the borehole wall and the contact surface.
27. The method of claim 26 further including shaping the contact surface of the packer to a first radius along a horizontal axis of the packer, wherein the first radius is smaller than a radius of the wellbore.
28. The method of claim 26 wherein providing the packer includes providing a contact surface having a first radius and a first center point, and an inner surface disposed a first distance apart from the contact surface and being adapted to engage a base, the inner surface having a second radius and a second center point, wherein the first center point is located at approximately the same location as the second center point and the first radius is approximately equal to the second radius plus the first distance.
29. The method of claim 26 wherein providing the packer includes providing a contact surface having a first radius and a first center point, and an inner surface disposed a first distance apart from the contact surface and being adapted to engage a base, the inner surface having a second radius and a second center, wherein the first and second radii are substantially similar and the first center point is disposed approximately the first distance away from the second center point.
30. The method of claim 26 further including extending a probe from the downhole tool including the packer.
31. A probe for establishing fluid communication between a downhole tool and a subterranean formation, the downhole tool positioned in a wellbore penetrating the subterranean formation, comprising:
- a base operatively connected to the downhole tool;
- at least one packer having an inner portion and an outer portion operatively connected to the base, the packer having at least one hole extending therethrough;
- at least one support structure disposed along a portion of the packer, the structure having a first end disposed between the base and an outer surface of the packer, wherein the end includes a curved portion extending away from the portion of the packer.
32. The probe of claim 31 further including a second packer disposed around a periphery of the at least one packer, wherein the at least one hole defines a first inlet and a gap between the first and second packers defines a second inlet.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 11, 2006
Publication Date: Jul 5, 2007
Applicant: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (Sugar Land, TX)
Inventors: Chen Tao (Sugar Land, TX), Danny Hlavinka (Houston, TX), Jonathan Brown (Sugar Land, TX), Christopher Del Campo (Houston, TX), Stephane Briquet (Houston, TX), Steve Ervin (Brookshire, TX), Kevin Hayes (Missouri City, TX)
Application Number: 11/609,188
International Classification: E21B 49/00 (20060101);