Closed bias air film riding seal in event of housing breach for shared engine lubrication accessory gearboxes
A system includes a case, a stator, a ring seal, and a rotor and is configured to pump air out of a housing. The case is mounted on the housing. The stator is mounted within the case and has two sides, an inner diameter and an outer diameter, where the first side faces the case. The ring seal is disposed between the stator first side and the case. The rotor is mounted on a shaft and has a side facing the stator first side. The rotor side has grooves, an inner and outer peripheral surfaces, and is configured to pump air from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface to thereby pump air out of the housing. The stator inner diameter is configured and the ring seal is positioned such that separation forces are substantially equal to or less than closing forces during a system breach.
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The present invention relates to aircraft engine accessories and, more particularly, to a seal for use in a lubrication system of an aircraft engine accessory.
BACKGROUNDTurbine plant accessories, such as air turbine starters (ATS) may be mounted to a jet engine through a gearbox or other transmission assembly. These accessories may include several movable parts, such as a rotary shaft, and typically require lubrication to operate properly. In the case of an ATS, an assisted wet cavity (AWC) design has been employed in the past to assist in supplying lubrication to the ATS. These designs include an ATS housing having a mounting face or mounting flange that is sealingly engaged with, and coupled to, the gearbox to define a porting system. The porting system allows transfer of lubricating oil between the gearbox and the starter via a “make up system” (i.e., during normal operation, lubricating oil first is provided to the gearbox and may be transferred to the starter if the starter lubricant quantity is below a specific level). The lubricating oil may enter a port in the porting system that is typically in fluid communication with passages within the starter housing and may or may not be distributed to the starter. Typically, the gearbox and accessory have an internal pressure above ambient pressure.
In the highly unlikely event of a starter housing breach and a change in pressure, the starter pressure may drop to equalize with ambient pressure. Consequently, a pressure difference between the starter housing and gearbox may result. This pressure differential may result in excessive lubricating oil, flowing through a drain or scavenge line of the gearbox resulting in a leak from the gearbox to the starter and, consequently, out through the breach.
In recent lubrication system designs, a valve system has been implemented to counteract the potential oil loss through the drain or scavenge line. The valve system includes a check valve that is disposed in the stator and a face seal assembly disposed between the gearbox and the stator. Although this configuration minimizes oil leakage when a low pressure differential exists, it has been found that oil may undesirably leak through the face seal when the pressure differential exceeds a predetermined value, such as 2 psid.
Accordingly, there is a need for a face seal that prevents oil leakage when a pressure differential between a turbine plant accessory and a gearbox is greater than 2 psid. Additionally, it is desirable for the face seal to provide having improved fluid flow control in the unlikely event of an accessory housing breach and to sufficiently seal the starter housing and the rotary shaft. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the invention.
BRIEF SUMMARYThe present invention provides a lubrication system for supplying lubricant between a first housing and a second housing, the first and second housings each comprising air and lubricant. The system includes a lubricant supply tube, an output shaft, and a seal assembly. The lubricant supply tube extends at least partially through the second housing and is configured to receive a supply of lubricant from the first housing. The output shaft is rotationally mounted within the second housing. The seal assembly is mounted to the output shaft and is disposed within the second housing. The seal assembly is configured to pump at least a portion of the air out of the second housing and includes a seal case, a seal stator, a ring seal, and a seal rotor. The seal case is mounted on the second housing. The seal stator is mounted within the seal case and has a first side, a second side, an inner diameter and an outer diameter, where the first side faces the seal case. The ring seal is disposed between the seal stator first side and the seal case. The seal rotor is mounted on the output shaft and has a side facing the seal stator first side. The seal rotor side has an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface, and is configured to pump air from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface to thereby pump the air out of the second housing. The seal rotor includes grooves formed therein. During a breach of at least one of the first and the second housings, a first force is exerted on the stator in a first direction by an air film generated by the seal rotor, a second force is exerted on the stator in the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the groove, a third force is exerted on the seal stator in a second direction opposite the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the ring seal, a fourth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by a differential engine pressure across the ring seal, a fifth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by the spring, and the seal stator inner diameter is configured and the ring seal is positioned such that separation forces comprising the first and the second forces are substantially equal to or less than closing forces comprising the third, the fourth, and the fifth forces.
In another embodiment, by way of example only, a lubrication system is provided for supplying lubricant between a first housing and a second housing, the lubricant supplied by a lubricant supply tube extending at least partially through the second housing and configured to receive a supply of lubricant from the first housing, and an output shaft rotationally mounted within the second housing, the first and second housings each comprising air and lubricant. The system includes a seal assembly mounted to the output shaft and disposed within the second housing. The seal assembly is configured to pump at least a portion of the air out of the second housing and includes a seal case, a seal stator, a ring seal, and a seal rotor. The seal case is mounted on the second housing. The seal stator is mounted within the seal case and has a first side, a second side, an inner diameter and an outer diameter, where the first side faces the seal case. The ring seal is disposed between the seal stator first side and the seal case. The seal rotor is mounted on the output shaft and has a side facing the seal stator first side. The seal rotor side has an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface, and is configured to pump air from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface to thereby pump the air out of the second housing. The seal rotor includes grooves formed therein. During a breach of at least one of the first and the second housings, a first force is exerted on the stator in a first direction by an air film generated by the seal rotor, a second force is exerted on the stator in the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the groove, a third force is exerted on the seal stator in a second direction opposite the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the ring seal, a fourth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by a differential engine pressure across the ring seal, a fifth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by the spring, and the seal stator inner diameter is configured and the ring seal is positioned such that separation forces comprising the first and the second forces are substantially equal to or less than closing forces comprising the third, the fourth, and the fifth forces.
Other independent features and advantages of the preferred system will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
Before proceeding with the detailed description, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to use in conjunction with a specific type of rotating machine. Thus, although the present invention is, for convenience of explanation, depicted and described as being implemented in a turbine starter, it should be appreciated that it can be implemented in numerous other machines including, but not limited to, various generators, pumps, or other shaft driven accessories having a need for lubrication.
Turning now to the description,
The gearbox 112 is disposed within a gearbox housing 113 and typically includes a non-illustrated lube oil supply pump that feeds lubricant to the gearbox 112 and a plurality of passages (not shown) through which oil freely passes to supply lubrication to the gearbox 112 components. The passages are in fluid communication with the accessory 114 via a lubrication exhaust opening 118 and a lubrication return opening 120.
The accessory 114 preferably receives lubricant from the gearbox 112 and may be any one of numerous types of devices, components, or systems conventionally coupled to a gearbox. For example, the accessory 114 may be an air turbine starter, such as the exemplary air turbine starter depicted in
The lubrication supply tube 102 supplies lubricant from the gearbox 112 to the accessory 114 and, in this regard, extends between the gearbox 112 and accessory 114. In one exemplary embodiment, such as shown in
The lubrication supply tube 102 may have any one of numerous configurations, and may be further designed to supply the lubricant at a predetermined flow rate. In an exemplary embodiment, the flow rate is regulated by the size of the lubricant supply tube inlet 128. For example, if the inlet 128 has a small diameter, less lubricant will flow into the accessory 114; however, if the inlet 128 has a large diameter, more lubricant will flow into the accessory 114. In another exemplary embodiment, the lubrication supply tube 102 is configured to operate with a flow regulator 132. The flow regulator 132, if included, is coupled to the lubrication supply tube 102, and any one of numerous conventional flow regulators may be employed and therefore coupled thereto. Examples of suitable flow regulators include, but are not limited to, regulator orifices, fluidic devices, valves, and pressure regulators. In another exemplary embodiment, the lubricant flow rate is controlled to a constant magnitude. Alternatively, the flow regulator 132 may include an adjustment mechanism configured to allow an operator to customize the flow rate.
The lubricant control assembly 104 regulates the supply and return of lubricant between the gearbox 112 and accessory 114. The lubricant control assembly 104 includes a receptacle 134 and a check valve assembly 136, which are each configured to provide different regulating functions.
The receptacle 134 is configured to indicate whether the amount of lubricant within the accessory 114 exceeds a predetermined threshold. In one exemplary embodiment, the receptacle 134 has at least a sidewall 138, such as a wall constructed from a standpipe, having a predetermined height that extends from the accessory housing 122. The sidewall 138 and accessory housing 122, together, define a predetermined volume. Alternatively, the receptacle 134 is a cup that is coupled to a desired section of the accessory housing 122. When the volume of lubricant collected in the receptacle 134 exceeds the predetermined volume of the receptacle 134, the excess lubricant spills over the sidewall 138 and flows toward the check valve assembly 136.
The check valve assembly 136 is configured to selectively open or close in response to a pressure differential existing between the interior portion of the gearbox 112 and the interior of the accessory 114, such as, for example, a pressure differential in the range of about 0.1 psi to about 10 psi. Any one of numerous suitable check valve configurations may be employed, including, but not limited, those configurations disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/732,935, entitled AIR TURBINE STARTER HAVING A LOW DIFFERENTIAL CHECK VALVE, filed Dec. 10, 2003, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/788,757, entitled “PASSIVE IMPROVED AIR TURBINE STARTER LUBRICATION SYSTEM” filed on Feb. 27, 2004 and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/786,374, entitled “AIR TURBINE STARTER HAVING A FORCE BALANCED, PRESSURE ENERGIZED, WEIGHTED CHECK VALVE” filed on Feb. 24, 2004, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Preferably, the check valve assembly 136 is disposed within the accessory housing 122 proximate its exhaust opening 126, which provides an outlet through which excess lubricant exits the accessory 114. Turning to
It will be appreciated that the position of the check valve assembly 136 relative to the exhaust opening 126 facilitates the return of the lubricant to the gearbox 112. In one exemplary embodiment, such as in the embodiment depicted in
As previously noted, the accessory 114 preferably includes a plurality of filters 106 and 108 for removing particles or contaminants that may be present in the lubricant. The filters 106 and 108, which can each have any one of numerous configurations, are placed along various sections of the accessory 114. In one exemplary embodiment, and as noted above, the filter 106 is placed proximate the lubricant supply tube 102. In another exemplary embodiment, the filter 106 is instead, or in addition, coupled upstream of the lubricant control assembly 104 and is a series of shelves or zones that are each configured to allow lubricant to pool therein. As the lubricant fills a first shelf or zone, gravity causes particles and contaminants in the lubricant to settle onto the shelf or zone. When an excess of lubricant is present on the shelf or zone the excess lubricant spills to the next shelf or zone and repeats the settling process.
In another exemplary embodiment, a filter 108 is coupled downstream of the lubricant control assembly 104 and lubricating oil is filtered prior to returning to the gearbox 112. In one exemplary embodiment, the downstream filter 108 is coupled to the accessory housing 122 at the exhaust opening 126. In another exemplary embodiment shown in phantom in
The face seal assembly 110 seals lubricant within the accessory 114 by providing a close clearance seal between an output shaft 130 and the accessory 114 components. With reference to
At least a portion 182 of the rotor assembly first side 174 is adapted to sealingly engage the stator seal assembly 142 and is preferably configured to pump air from an outer peripheral surface of the rotor seal assembly first side 174 to an inner peripheral surface of the rotor seal assembly first side 174. Consequently, air is thereby pumped from inside of the accessory 114 to either the intermediate housing 116 or elsewhere, such as, for example, the engine gear box 112.
In one example, as illustrated in
With reference to
Other stator assembly configurations may be used with the rotor seal assembly 144 as well. In one exemplary embodiment, the stator seal assembly 142 sealingly engages the rotor seal assembly 144 by rotationally sliding contact between the stator flat annular face 158 and a portion of the rotor seal assembly 144 fixed to the rotating shaft 130. In another exemplary embodiment, the seal stator 148 sealingly engages the rotor seal assembly 144 by riding a fluid film, such as an air film, between the stator flat annular face 158 and a sealing surface on the rotor seal assembly 144 adapted for film-riding. In other alternate embodiments, the stator sealing face 158 sealingly engages the rotor seal assembly 144 by riding a fluid film between the rotor assembly sealing surface and the stator face 158 which is adapted for film-riding. Suitable film-riding surfaces include, but are not limited to spiral grooves, shrouded or unshrouded Rayleigh pads, wave, trapezoid, rectangle, truncated spiral grooves, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,409, U.S. Pat. No. 5,873,574, U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,561, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,395, each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
During face seal assembly 110 operation, the stator flat annular face 158 is lifted away from the rotor first side 174 on an air or gas film. The pumping of the lifting features in the rotor 144, shown in this embodiment as grooves 188, pumps air and oil from a cavity in the accessory housing 122 into the intermediate housing 116. During an accessory housing 122 breach, the differential pressure across the seal assembly 110 may exceed the pumping capability of the lifting features or grooves 188 leading to air/oil mist flowing from the intermediate housing 116 to the accessory housing 122 and then overboard. If the oil loss rate is sufficiently high, the engine can lose lubrication and may have to be shut down. Therefore, it is desirable to create a pressure balance on the seal assembly 110 that causes the stator flat annular face 158 and the rotor first side 174 to contact one another during a breach condition so that the leakage across the air film riding seal is decreased.
A portion of the stator 148 showing the pressure balance on the seal assembly 110 is illustrated schematically in
During a non-breach condition, Force A is preferably greater than Force E to thereby separate the stator flat annular face 158 from the rotor first side 174. Because no breach exists, no differential engine pressure exists and Forces B, C and D equal zero. It will be appreciated that the maximum distance of separation between the stator flat annular face 158 and the rotor first side 174 exists at a location where Force A equals Force E.
During a breach condition of the accessory housing 122 a differential engine pressure exists across the seal assembly 110 and Forces B, C and D are exerted against the stator ring 144. In order to prevent oil from leaking out of the accessory housing 122, the distance of separation between the stator flat annular face 158 and the rotor first side 174 is preferably reduced or eliminated. Specifically, the closing forces, Forces C, D, and E are preferably substantially equal to or greater than the separation forces, Forces A and B. Thus, unlike conventional mechanical face seal assembly configurations, the inner diameter 149 of the stator 148 is sized to cause Force C to increase at a greater rate than Force B. In this regard, the stator inner diameter 149 is relatively small. Alternatively, the radial location of the O-ring 152 may be located radially outwardly relative to the center line of the stator 148, thereby increasing Force D. In another embodiment, the size of the stator inner diameter 149 and location of the O-ring 152 are both configured such that the closing forces, Forces C, D, and E are substantially equal to or greater than the separation forces, Forces A and B. In still another embodiment, such as when an outer diameter 151 applied pressure, Force C exists, the outer diameter 151 of the stator 148 may be larger relative to conventional mechanical face seal assembly configurations and the radial location of the O-ring 152 may be disposed relatively radially inwardly.
Although the embodiment shown in
As mentioned above, the seal stator sealing face 158 contacts and seals with the rotor first side 174. To improve wear characteristics of the two contacting surfaces, certain suitable materials may be included thereon. For example, the seal stator sealing face 158 may be doped with an antioxidant to reduce or prevent oxidation of the carbon such as but not limited to phosphate antioxidant, such as a zinc phosphate, aluminum phosphate, or ceramic additive. The rotor first side 174 may include a high hot hardness coating that includes a carbide cobalt, chrome carbide nickel chrome, chrome oxide, or chrome plating. The coating may be deposited over the rotor first side 174 using any one of numerous suitable techniques, including, but not limited to plasma thermal spray, sputtering, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, high velocity oxygen fuel, ion impingement, detonation gun, and high velocity particle impingement. In some embodiments, the seal layer 182 comprises the coating. In other embodiments, the coating is disposed over the seal layer 182. It will be appreciated that the contacting surfaces may be coated entirely with the materials mentioned above, or alternatively, certain portions of the surfaces, such as those more likely to contact each other, may be selectively coated. It will be appreciated that the contacting surfaces may be made of ceramic materials including but not limited to silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, chrome oxide, chrome carbide, tungsten carbide and others known in the industry.
The accessory 114, as has been previously mentioned, may be any one of numerous types of devices, components, or systems including, for example, an air turbine starter. Turning back to
Thus, a lubrication system having an improved fluid flow control has been provided. The system can be implemented into an accessory of a gearbox, such as, for example an air turbine starter. The system can also be implemented into any generator, pump, or shaft-driven accessory that may need lubricant from a gearbox. The lubrication system may be used under the conditions of an accessory housing puncture and in particular, in instances when the breach causes a pressure differential between the accessory and gearbox.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt to a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A lubrication system for supplying lubricant between a first housing and a second housing, the first and second housings each comprising air and lubricant, the system comprising:
- a lubricant supply tube extending at least partially through the second housing and configured to receive a supply of lubricant from the first housing;
- an output shaft rotationally mounted within the second housing;
- a seal assembly mounted to the output shaft and disposed within the second housing, the seal assembly configured to pump at least a portion of the air out of the second housing and comprising: a seal case mounted on the second housing; a seal stator mounted within the seal case, the seal stator having a first side, a second side, an inner diameter and an outer diameter, the first side facing the seal case; a ring seal disposed between the seal stator first side and the seal case; and a seal rotor mounted on the output shaft and having a side facing the seal stator first side, the seal rotor side having an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface, the seal rotor configured to pump air from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface to thereby pump the air out of the second housing and includes grooves formed therein, wherein during a breach of at least one of the first and the second housings: a first force is exerted on the stator in a first direction by an air film generated by the seal rotor; a second force is exerted on the stator in the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the groove; a third force is exerted on the seal stator in a second direction opposite the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the ring seal; a fourth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by a differential engine pressure across the ring seal; a fifth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by the spring; and the seal stator inner diameter is configured and the ring seal is positioned such that separation forces comprising the first and the second forces are substantially equal to or less than closing forces comprising the third, the fourth, and the fifth forces.
2. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the ring seal is an o-ring.
3. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the ring seal is a C-seal.
4. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the ring seal comprises a diaphragm.
5. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the ring seal comprises a metal bellows.
6. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the seal rotor further comprises a seal layer coupled to the seal rotor side and the grooves are formed in the seal layer.
7. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the seal rotor includes a coating thereon and the coating comprises a high hot hardness material.
8. The lubrication system of claim 7, wherein the high hot hardness material is selected from the group consisting of carbide cobalt, chrome carbide nickel chrome, chrome oxide, or chrome plating.
9. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the seal stator comprises carbon and a phosphate antioxidant.
- a filter coupled to the return opening to thereby remove at least a portion of the contaminants from the lubricant.
10. The lubrication system of claim 1, the system further comprising:
- a check valve disposed within the second housing and configured to provide a seal between the first and second housings in response to a pressure differential therebetween.
11. A lubrication system for supplying lubricant between a first housing and a second housing, the lubricant supplied by a lubricant supply tube extending at least partially through the second housing and configured to receive a supply of lubricant from the first housing, and an output shaft rotationally mounted within the second housing, the first and second housings each comprising air and lubricant, the system comprising:
- a seal case mounted on the second housing;
- a seal stator mounted within the seal case, the seal stator having a first side, a second side, an inner diameter and an outer diameter, the first side facing the seal case;
- a ring seal disposed between the seal stator first side and the seal case; and
- a seal rotor mounted on the output shaft and having a side facing the seal stator first side, the seal rotor side having groove formed therein, an inner peripheral surface, and an outer peripheral surface, the seal rotor configured to pump air from the outer peripheral surface to the inner peripheral surface to thereby pump the air out of the second housing, wherein during a breach of at least one of the first and the second housings: a first force is exerted on the stator in a first direction by an air film generated by the seal rotor; a second force is exerted on the stator in the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the groove; a third force is exerted on the seal stator in a second direction opposite the first direction by a differential engine pressure from the seal stator inner diameter to the ring seal; a fourth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by a differential engine pressure across the ring seal; a fifth force is exerted on the seal stator in the second direction by the spring; and the seal stator inner diameter is configured and the ring seal is positioned such that separation forces comprising the first and the second forces are substantially equal to or less than closing forces comprising the third, the fourth, and the fifth forces.
12. The lubrication system of claim 11, wherein the ring seal is an o-ring.
13. The lubrication system of claim 11, wherein the ring seal is a C-seal.
14. The lubrication system of claim 11, wherein the ring seal comprises a diaphragm.
15. The lubrication system of claim 11, wherein the ring seal comprises a metal bellows.
16. The lubrication system of claim 11, wherein the seal rotor further comprises a seal layer coupled to the seal rotor side and the grooves are formed in the seal layer.
17. The lubrication system of claim 11, wherein the seal rotor includes a coating thereon and the coating comprises a high hot hardness material.
18. The lubrication system of claim 17, wherein the high hot hardness material is selected from the group consisting of carbide cobalt, chrome carbide nickel chrome, chrome oxide, or chrome plating.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 30, 2006
Publication Date: Jan 3, 2008
Applicant:
Inventors: William L. Giesler (Phoenix, AZ), Mingfong F. Hwang (Phoenix, AZ), Ronald J. Pardini (Chandler, AZ)
Application Number: 11/479,791
International Classification: F04D 29/08 (20060101);