WELL BARRIER APPARATUS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS
A barrier forming apparatus is deployable through a conduit component in a well. The apparatus has a snap latch that removably couples to a work string. A mandrel element in the apparatus is selectively moveable with the coupling element. A plurality of locator dogs on the apparatus are spring biased and are activated when pressure is applied to a piston in the apparatus, which release the locator dogs. Once activated, the locator dogs engage a first grove the in the conduit component. When the work string is pulled up while the apparatus is held by the locator dogs, a plurality of locking dogs are activated by movement of a mandrel element caused by the work string. The locking dogs engage second grooves in the conduit component. Continued pulling of the work string moves a cone attached to a distal end of the mandrel element, and the moving cone deforms a barrier element positioned between an end of the apparatus' housing and the cone. The deformed barrier element forms a barrier in the conduit component between upper and lower completions. Removal of the barrier is achieved by reversing the steps. The apparatus can be used to isolate an expandable sand screen section below the conduit component.
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This is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/866,902, filed 22 Nov. 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference and to which priority is claimed.
BACKGROUNDSome wells may have an Expandable Sand Screen (ESS) system, other type of screen, slotted liner, or other type of completion open to the formation. In these wells, it is often necessary to use a valve or other device between the upper and lower completions to reduce or stop fluid loss to the formation. In many applications, the valves are kept closed when needed and are then opened after the upper completion is run, but the valves can never be closed again. Although some valves (such as ball valves) can be opened and closed multiple times, these types of valves typically have a restricted inner diameter that prevents there use with an ESS system. For example, the restricted inner diameter of such valves cannot accommodate the various tools associated with the ESS system, such as an expansion tool.
Embodiments of the present disclosure include a barrier plug having a plurality of dogs and a barrier element. In the well hole, a nipple or conduit component is installed below the liner hanger of the lower completion, and an expandable sand screen section is installed below the nipple. The barrier plug is positioned on a work string below an expansion tool for an expandable sand screen (ESS) system, and the work string and plug are run in the well hole. As the sting is lowered, the barrier plug and expansion tool are passed through the nipple and are run through the expandable sand screen section.
Once the screen has been expanded, the work string is pulled up so that the barrier plug passes out of the screen and enters the nipple. In one arrangement, locator dogs on the plug are activated to engage corresponding grooves on the inside of the nipple to set the plug, and locking dogs are activated to engage corresponding grooves on the inside of the nipple to lock the plug in the nipple. In another arrangement, one set of dogs is used for both locating and locking the plug inside the nipple. The work string is then pulled further up, and the force deforms the barrier element on the plug against the inside of the nipple to create a sealed barrier in both directions through the nipple. Later during production, the barrier plug can be disengaged from the nipple and carried on a running tool attached to the bottom of the upper completion. When the upper completion is later pulled, the barrier plug and barrier element can again be set in the nipple to create a sealed barrier. Because the barrier plug can be set and removed as desired, it provides flexibility for well operations.
The nipple in which the barrier plug is set and locked can have a substantially large inside diameter so that well operations can use various forms of equipment (e.g., an expansion tool) beyond the nipple. In one alternative, a flow control bottom assembly can be installed below the nipple so that fluid pumped off the bottom can be used to open the barrier plug rather than unlocking the plug and holding on to it with the upper completion. If the barrier plug is installed on the upper completion and needs to be removed for whatever reason, the barrier plug can be cut or knocked off the end into the rathole. The foregoing summary is not intended to summarize each potential embodiment or every aspect of the present disclosure.
As shown in the first stage #1 of
At the second stage #2 of
At the third stage #3 in
In the fourth stage #4 of
In the fifth stage #5 of
With the barrier plug 50 locked in position and the barrier element 58 set, various well operations can be performed while the lower completion remains isolated from the upper completion. This isolation can minimize fluid loss to the lower completion during these well operations. Once ready, the barrier plug 50 can be removed from the nipple 30 to allow production to proceed in the lower completion. Accordingly,
In stage #7 of
At stage #10 of
Although the embodiment of the barrier plug 50 discussed herein has been described as having two sets of dogs (i.e., locator dogs 54 and locking dogs 56), an alternative embodiment of the barrier plug 50 may only include one set of dogs positioned around the plug 50. This one set of dogs may be used to both locate and lock the plug 50 in the nipple 30 when activated. In addition, the one set of dogs may be activated by spring bias, by moveable mandrels, by hydraulic pressure pumped to the plug 50 via the work string 20, or by any combination of these activation techniques.
Given the above description of how the barrier plug 50 can be used with an ESS system, we now turn to additional details of the barrier plug 50 as shown in
As best shown in the detailed view of
The upper mandrel 140 is moveable in the upper housing 120 and holds upper and lower stop dogs 142 and 144 that can be selectively caught in catches 122 and 124 as discussed below. The sleeve 150, which snap latches to the snap latch mechanism 110, is moveable within the upper mandrel 140, and its movement is restricted by engagement with the stop dogs 142 and 144 held by the upper mandrel 140. In particular, upper and lower narrow portions 152 and 156 visible in
As best shown in the detailed view of
Several components are positioned on the intermediate and lower mandrels 190 and 200 and include a piston 170, the locator dogs 54, the locking dogs 56, and the barrier element 58. As shown in
The plurality of locator dogs 54 are positioned around the intermediate mandrel 190 and are moveable in and out of slots 162 defined in the lower housing 160. Springs 184 push the locator dogs 54 out of the slots 162, but the spring force is not applied until extended ends 182 of the locator dogs 54 are released by extended ends 172 of the moveable piston 170. (The position in
As shown at the bottom of
As best shown in the detailed view of
In the arrangement of
Given the above details of the barrier plug 50, we now turn to a process 300 of deploying and retrieving the barrier plug 50 as shown in the flowchart of
As discussed previously, the plug 50 is initially positioned on a work string along with an expansion tool (e.g., 22 of
Once expansion is complete, the barrier plug 50 is run to a desired position relative to the nipple 30 as shown in the first deployment stage 321 in
In the second deployment stage 322 in
In the third deployment stage 323 in
In the fourth deployment stage 324 in
In the fifth deployment stage 325 in
From this point, the upper components (not shown) and snap latch mechanism 110 can be removed. Then, as shown in the barrier stage 330 of
During an expansion stage #1 in
At the third stage #3 in
Once ready, the barrier plug 50 can be removed from the nipple 30 to allow production to proceed in the lower completion. Accordingly, in stage #5 in
With the benefit of the present disclosure, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made to the components. For example, the barrier plug 50 has been described as being used in conjunction with an Expandable Sand Screen system. However, the barrier plug 50 can be used for various other purposes to form a barrier in a well. For example, the barrier plug 50 can generally be used in applications where the completion is open to the formation. In addition, the barrier plug 50 has been described as being used in conjunction with a nipple 30 having inner grooves, where the nipple 30 is positioned below a liner hanger in a well. However, the nipple can install above a liner hanger, can install on a separate run below a packer in the well, or can install in other locations.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the barrier plug 50 can be used with any type of conduit element having grooves and that the conduit element can be positioned in various locations of a well. For example, the conduit element can be installed in a position somewhere in the casing and not necessarily below a liner hanger, and the conduit element can be installed on a separate run in the well below a packer. Moreover, the conduit component can be either a separate component such as the nipple 30 that attaches to the liner hanger 12 and the expandable sand screen 26 or can be integral with either one or both of these components.
The foregoing description of preferred and other embodiments is not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of the inventive concepts conceived of by the Applicants. In exchange for disclosing the inventive concepts contained herein, the Applicants desire all patent rights afforded by the appended claims. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims include all modifications and alterations to the full extent that they come within the scope of the following claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims
1. A barrier forming apparatus deployable through a conduit in a well, the apparatus comprising:
- a housing having a first end, a second end, and a side, the side defining at least one first slot;
- a coupler positioned at the first end of the housing and removably coupling to a work string;
- a mandrel positioned in the housing and moveable with the coupler, the mandrel having a distal end extending beyond the second end of the housing;
- at least one first dog positioned between the mandrel and the housing and being moveable between a retracted position and an extended position within the at least one first slot by movement of the mandrel; and
- a barrier element positioned between the second end of the housing and the distal end of the mandrel and being deformable by movement of the distal end of the mandrel towards the second end of the housing.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the distal end of the mandrel comprises a body for at least partially expanding an expandable sand screen in the well.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the coupler comprises a snap latch latchable to a complimentary element on the work string.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the barrier element comprises an elastomeric sleeve positioned about a portion of the mandrel.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the elastomeric sleeve comprises edge portions with a greater Durometer hardness than a central portion.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mandrel comprises a narrow portion and a wide portion, the mandrel element being moveable to a first position in which the narrow portion is adjacent the at least one first dog and the at least one first dog is moveable to the retracted position in the at least one first slot, the mandrel being movable to a second position in which the wide portion is adjacent the at least one first dog and the at least one first dog is movable to the extended position in the at lease one first slot.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one first dog in the extended position is engageable with at least one first groove defined in an inner passage of the conduit.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one second dog positioned between the mandrel and the housing, the housing defining at least one second slot, the at least one second dog being movable between a retracted position and an extended position within the at least one second slot.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one second dog in the extended position lockably engages at least one groove defined in an inner passage of the conduit in a first direction toward the first end of the housing.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
- a piston movable from a first position to a second position on the mandrel by pressure communicated from the work string coupled to the coupler, the piston in the first position engaging the at least one second dog in the retracted position, the piston in the second position disengaging the at least one second dog; and
- a biasing element biasing the at least one second dog from the retracted position toward the extended position within the at least one second slot.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the mandrel defines a central bore communicating with the work string and defines a passage communicating from the central bore to an outside surface of the mandrel, the mandrel having a first seal on one side of the passage and engaging the piston, the piston having a second seal engaging the mandrel on another side of the passage.
12. A barrier forming system for a well, the system comprising:
- a conduit deployable in the well, the conduit having an inner passage and defining at least one first groove in the inner passage; and
- a plug deployable through the conduit, the plug at least including: a housing having a first end, a second end, and a side, the side defining at least one first slot, a coupler positioned at the first end of the housing and removably coupling to a work string, a mandrel positioned in the housing and moveable with the coupler, the mandrel having a distal end extending beyond the second end of the housing, at least one first dog positioned between the mandrel and the housing and being moveable between a retracted position and an extended position within the at least one first slot by movement of the mandrel, the at least one first dog in the extended position being engagable with the at least one first groove in the inner passage of the conduit, and a barrier element positioned between the second end of the housing and the distal end of the mandrel, the barrier element being deformable by movement of the distal end of the mandrel towards the second end of the housing to engage the inner passage of the conduit.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the mandrel element comprises a narrow portion and a wide portion, the mandrel element being moveable to a first position in which the narrow portion is adjacent the at least one first dog and the at least one first dog is movable to the retracted position in the at least one first slot, the mandrel being moveable to a second position in which the wide portion is adjacent the at least one first dog and the at least one first dog is movable to the extended position in the at lease one first slot.
14. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
- a first lock positioned on the mandrel and engageable with the housing when the mandrel is in the first position; and
- a second lock positioned on the mandrel and engageable with the housing when the mandrel is in the second position.
15. The system of claim 12, further comprising at least one second dog positioned in at least one second slot defined in the housing and movable between a retracted position and an extended position in the at least one second slot.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the conduit defines at least one second groove in the inner passage, and wherein the at least one second dog in the extended position lockably engages the at least one second groove in a first direction toward the first end of the housing.
17. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
- a piston movable from a first position to a second position on the mandrel by pressure communicated from the work string coupled to the coupler, the piston in the first position engaging the at least one second dog in the retracted position, the piston in the second position disengaging the at least one second dog; and
- a biasing element biasing the at least one second dog from the retracted position toward the extended position within the at least one second slot.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the mandrel defines a central bore communicating with the work string and defines a passage communicating from the central bore to an outside surface of the mandrel, the mandrel having a first seal on one side of the passage and engaging the piston, the piston having a second seal engaging the mandrel on another side of the passage.
19. A well barrier method comprising the steps of:
- installing a conduit in the well, the conduit defining one or more inner grooves;
- deploying a plug in the well on an end of a work string;
- engaging one or more dogs on the outside of the plug in the one or more inner grooves to hold the plug in the conduit;
- deforming a barrier element against the conduit by pulling up on the work string; and
- disconnecting the end of the work string from the plug.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein installing the conduit comprises:
- installing the conduit below a liner hanger in the well, and
- installing an expandable sand screen below the conduit.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein deploying the plug in the well on the end of the work string further comprises using a cone shaped portion on a distal end of the plug to at least partially expand the expandable sand screen.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein engaging the one or more dogs on the outside of the plug in the one or more inner grooves to hold the plug in the conduit comprises:
- activating at least one of the one or more dogs on the outside of the plug to engage at least one of the one or more grooves by applying fluid pressure through the work string.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein activating the at least one dog comprises:
- biasing the at least one dog after applying fluid pressure; and
- lockably engaging the at least one biased dog against the at least one groove in only a first direction.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein deforming the barrier element against the conduit by pulling up on the work string comprises deforming the barrier element between an end of a mandrel of the plug and a portion of a housing of the plug, the mandrel being movable relative to the housing by the pulling up of the work string.
25. The method of claim 19, wherein deforming the barrier element against the conduit by pulling up on the work string comprises:
- locking a movable mandrel within the plug; and
- locking the one or more dogs in the one or more inner grooves with the locked movable mandrel.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 16, 2007
Publication Date: May 22, 2008
Applicant: WEATHERFORD/LAMB, INC. (Houston, TX)
Inventors: ROBERT COON (Missouri City, TX), Michael J. Foster (Katy, TX)
Application Number: 11/941,528
International Classification: E21B 33/127 (20060101);