EXPANDABLE METAL-TO-METAL SEAL
A seal includes a seal body configured to form a teardrop shaped seal member upon axial compression of the seal body; a gauge ring in operable communication with the seal body and capable of applying an axial load on the seal body and method
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In the hydrocarbon recovery arts, seals are endlessly used to effect working conditions supportive of desired production fluid recovery. In recent years engineering and development dollars have been spent attempting to improve both pressure holding capacity and longevity. One type of seal receiving significant interest is a metal-to-metal seal due to the fact that of many types metal seals exhibit high temperature tolerance, high-pressure capability, robust chemical resistance, and high durability.
Although there are many types of seals that utilize metal as a ceiling structure, those receiving the most attention contemporaneously with the filing of this document are heavier wall metal seals that are deformed in order to bring them into contact with another structure in a manner where seal is created against that other structure. While such seals do indeed provide all of the above noted benefits with respect to metal-to-metal seals, recovery sometimes can be difficult. Such seals experience a high degree work hardening when they are set and because of this work hardening experience loss of resilience. This is of course an issue with respect to stretching a seal out to retrieve it from the wellbore.
SUMMARYA seal includes a seal body having a bridge; a leg extending from the bridge; and a gauge ring in operable communication with the leg, the gauge ring including a support surface for the leg, the gauge ring interacting with the seal body to cause axial compression thereof, thereby forming a teardrop configuration of the bridge.
A seal includes a seal body configured to form a teardrop shaped seal member upon axial compression of the seal body; a gauge ring in operable communication with the seal body and capable of applying an axial load on the seal body.
A downhole sealed system, includes at least one tubular member of the tubular system disposed in one of radially inwardly of or radially outwardly of another component of the system; and a seal disposed annularly at the tubular member, the seal having a teardrop shaped cross section.
A method for setting a seal in a target tubular includes axially compressing a seal; bending the bridge into a teardrop shape in sealing contact with the tubular; and substantially preventing introduction of bending stress into the leg.
Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures:
Initially it is to be understood that the seal created as disclosed herein performs better in one respect due to its teardrop cross sectional shape. The shape itself helps to absorb backlash in the setting force and therefore renders the seal more reliable. This is described in more detail in connection with one embodiment of a seal that forms the stated shape. It is also to be understood that although the drawings hereof illustrate a seal that bows radially outwardly, the components can easily be reversed such that the seal will bow radially inwardly such that the seal will be formed against a tubular radially inwardly disposed of the seal device rather than radially outwardly of the seal device as specifically illustrated.
Referring to
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The prevention of bending reduces work hardening effects that would otherwise be experienced in these locations. Such reduction in work hardening effectively equates to more residual elasticity in the material of the seal in locations of the seal (legs and roots) that will be subject to bending stresses upon retrieval of the seal. During setting of the seal the bending stress is localized in the bridge 18 and in retrieval, bending stress is localized in the legs and roots. Generally, materials that are somewhat ductile can be bent at least once without breaking, work hardening, of course, building within the material during this and any subsequent bending stress. Since in the disclosed seal, the configuration ensures that bending is experienced substantially only once in each localized area of the seal 12, the likelihood of each localized area enduring sufficient stress to rupture is dramatically reduced. The protective action of the surfaces 28 and 30 extends to both the legs 20 and 22 and leg roots 36 and 38, respectively. By avoiding stress in these structures during setting of the seal 10, the ability to retrieve the seal 10, without suffering a rupture of the seal, is facilitated. It is further noted that in the seal 10, nowhere is there a sharp bend of the material of the seal body 12. Rather, all bends are gradual thereby spreading the stress over a broader area of the seal material. This avoids point stresses that generally create weaknesses in the seal both while being initially deformed and certainly while being retrieved. As such, embodiments of the invention alleviate the problem found in the prior art as noted above.
One last point that should be made prior to a discussion of actuation of an exemplary seal 10 is that seal body 12 is a machined part in one embodiment such that there are no, or extremely little, residual stresses in the body 12 in the position shown in
Referring now to
Due to the shape of body 12, one will appreciate that axial shortening thereof will necessarily cause the body 12 to bulge outwardly. What may not be immediately appreciated from the drawings, however, is the action of gauge rings 24 and 26 on the process. As gauge rings 24 and 26 are moved so that they are closer to one another, surfaces 28 and 30 come into contact with legs 20 and 22, respectively. As contact is made in this location, the legs 20 and 22 are substantially supported such that they and the roots 36 and 38 from which the legs extend experience very little bending stress while the seal 10 is being set. Since the distance between gauge rings 24 and 26 is still being reduced, however, the seal body 12 must necessarily still react. Due to the supported condition of legs 20 and 22, a great majority of the bending stress in the body 12 is concentrated in the bridge 18. The stress in bridge 18 causes it to bow outwardly until it makes contact with an inside surface 40 of a tubular in which the seal 10 is being set. Once contact is made at surface 40, a load useful for creating the desired seal begins to build. As gauge rings 24 and 26 continue to be urged into closer proximity with one another it will become apparent that radiuses 32 and 34 are also important to reducing stress in the seal body 12. In the position of
It is to be appreciated from
Referring now to
The foregoing description might be reasonably understood to relate to only a symmetrically positioned seal. It is to be appreciated however that depending upon the type of movement utilized during the setting process it is sometimes advantageous to prepare the seal 10 as a non-symmetrical device. More specifically, and utilizing one-gauge-ring movement as an example, if gauge ring 24 is moved toward gauge ring 26 while gauge ring 26 is held in a stationary position it is reasonably likely that the teardrop shape 44 will contact the inside surface 40 (at interface 50) before the seal 10 is fully set. While it is subtle in the drawings utilized to exemplify the invention, careful consideration of the illustrated position of interface 50 relative to a centerline of the seal 10 will show that it is offset in the direction of gauge ring 24. This is because of the contact with surface 40 prior to fully setting of the seal 10. Once contact is made at interface 50, the positioning of side 48 is relatively fixed and the positioning of side 46 will continue to change. Side 46 will deflect under the impetus of gauge ring 24 to have a greater curvature than that of side 48. Because it is desirable to promote symmetry as much as practicable in teardrop 44 it may be desirable in certain applications to vary a thickness of the seal body 12 over its length. More specifically is possible to utilize thickness of seal body 12 to encourage early deformation in some portions of the seal body 12 and delayed deformation in other portions of the seal body 12. Generally speaking in order to enhance symmetry in the teardrop 44 a lesser thickness at the more relatively fixed end of seal body 12 will allow side 48 to more readily deform into a desirable position. Likewise, while the angles of the angled surfaces 28 and 30 and the radiuses 32 and 34 need not be symmetrical and in some applications may be better operable by being disparate. It is further to be understood that although the disclosure hereinabove describes an embodiment where each component is mirrored on both axial ends of the seal 10, albeit not necessarily with the identical dimensions or shapes, the teardrop shape can still be created with asset of the identified components on but one axial side of the seal 10 with the other side being simply attached to a carrier component.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation.
Claims
1. A seal comprising:
- a seal body having: a bridge; a leg extending from the bridge; and a gauge ring in operable communication with the leg, the gauge ring including a support surface for the leg, the gauge ring interacting with the seal body to cause axial compression thereof, thereby forming a teardrop configuration of the bridge.
2. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the seal body is formed such that residual stress therein is minimized.
3. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein a second leg extends from the bridge at an axially opposite end of the bridge.
4. A seal as claimed in claim 3 wherein the legs are of distinct dimensions from one another.
5. A seal as claimed in claim 4 wherein distinct dimensions are at least one of length, thickness and angle.
6. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the support surface for the leg is at an angle relative to an orthogonal plane through the seal that is greater than about 45 degrees.
7. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the support surface for the leg is at an angle relative to an orthogonal plane through the seal that is less than about 90 degrees.
8. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the support surface for the leg is at an angle relative to an orthogonal plane through the seal that is about 60 degrees.
9. A seal as claimed in claim 3 wherein the seal further comprises a second gauge ring having a support surface for the second leg.
10. A seal as claimed in claim 9 wherein the support surface of the gauge ring and the second gauge ring are one of angled identically to each other or angled independently of each other.
11. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the gauge ring further comprises a radius extending from the support surface.
12. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the radius is greater than about 0.13 inches.
13. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the radius is less than about 0.16 inches.
14. A seal as claimed in claim 11 wherein the further includes a second gauge ring having a second radius.
15. A seal as claimed in claim 14 wherein the radiuses are different from one another.
16. A seal as claimed in claim 1 wherein the support surface substantially prevents bending stress in the leg during setting of the seal.
17. A method for setting a seal in a target tubular comprising:
- axially compressing the seal claimed in claim 1;
- bending the bridge into a teardrop shape in sealing contact with the tubular; and
- substantially preventing introduction of bending stress into the leg.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17 further comprising retrieving the seal by:
- introducing a tensile force to the leg;
- subjecting the leg to bending stress; and
- substantially delaying the introduction of tensile bending stress in the bridge.
19. The method as claimed in claim 17 further comprising substantially returning the seal to a retrievable condition prior to introducing substantial tensile bending stress into the teardrop shape.
20. A seal comprising:
- a seal body configured to form a teardrop shaped seal member upon axial compression of the seal body; and
- a gauge ring in operable communication with the seal body and capable of applying an axial load on the seal body.
21. A downhole sealed system, comprising:
- at least one tubular member of the tubular system disposed in one of radially inwardly of or radially outwardly of another component of the system; and
- a seal disposed annularly at the tubular member, the seal having a teardrop shaped cross section.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 13, 2007
Publication Date: Mar 19, 2009
Applicant: BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED (HOUSTON, TX)
Inventors: Sean L. Gaudette (Katy, TX), James C. Doane (Friendswood, TX)
Application Number: 11/854,950
International Classification: E21B 33/06 (20060101);