System for Selective Incremental Closing of a Hydraulic Downhole Choking Valve
Systems for operating one or more sliding sleeve valves in an incremental, step-type fashion between open and closed positions, permitting the valve or valves to be choked to progressively smaller flow areas. The systems of the present invention also permit the valve or valves to be fully closed without having to progress through incremental steps.
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1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to devices and methods for operating a valve in an incremental fashion.
2. Description of the Related Art
Sliding sleeve valves are often used in a hydrocarbon production string to selectively control the flow of production fluid into the production string. A sliding sleeve valve typically includes an outer cylindrical housing that defines a flowbore and a sleeve member that is moveably disposed within the housing. Both the housing and the sleeve member include openings. When the openings are aligned, fluid can be communicated through the openings and into the flowbore.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention provides systems for operating one or more sliding sleeve valves in an incremental, step-type fashion between open and closed positions. This permits the valve or valves to be choked to progressively smaller flow areas. The systems of the present invention also permit the valve or valves to be fully closed without having to progress through incremental steps.
In a preferred embodiment, a sliding sleeve valve is interconnected with hydraulic open and close lines so that fluid flow through the hydraulic lines will actuate the sleeve valve between open and closed positions. In preferred embodiments, the close line incorporates a fluid metering assembly which is operable to flow discrete increments of hydraulic fluid into or out of the sleeve valve. The fluid metering assembly preferably includes a bi-directional check valve assembly and an incremental piston assembly.
During exemplary operation of the system, the sliding sleeve valve is incrementally choked from a fully open position to a partially open position by flowing hydraulic fluid into the close line at a pressure that is below a predetermined level. The incremental piston assembly will be operated to transmit a predetermined discrete amount of fluid to the sleeve valve, thereby moving the sleeve member incrementally toward a closed position.
In the event that it is desired to fully close the sliding sleeve valve, fluid is flowed into the close line at a pressure that is above the predetermined level. The pressurized fluid will open a check valve within the check valve assembly and permit fluid to pass in an unrestricted manner through the fluid metering assembly. The sleeve valve will then be shifted to a fully closed position.
The advantages and further aspects of the invention will be readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters designate like or similar elements throughout the several figures of the drawing and wherein:
A hydrocarbon production string 28 is disposed within the wellbore 10. An annulus 30 is defined between the outer radial surface of the production string 28 and the casing 24. The production string 28 may be made up of sections of standard production tubing or, alternatively, be formed of coiled tubing, in a manner known in the art. The production string defines an interior flowbore 32 by which production fluids may be conveyed to the surface 12. The production string 28 includes production nipples 34, 36, 38 which are located proximate each of the production zones 16, 18, 20, respectively.
Although three production zones and three production nipples are depicted in
A common hydraulic “open” line 40 extends from a surface-based pump, or open side fluid source, 42 and is interconnected with each of the production nipples 34, 36, 38 in a manner which will be described in further detail shortly. In addition, a separate hydraulic “close” line extends from a surface pump, or close side fluid source, 44 to each of the production nipples 34, 36, 38. Close line 46 extends from the pump 44 to production nipple 34. Hydraulic close line 48 extends from the pump 44 to the second production nipple 36, and hydraulic close line 50 extends from the pump 44 to the third production nipple 38. A hydraulic metering assembly 52 is integrated into each of the close lines 46, 48, 50. It is noted that, while the open side fluid source 42 and closed side fluid source 44 are depicted schematically as separate fluid sources, they may, in fact be a single pump or other fluid source.
A radially-enlarged recess 68 is formed in a portion of the flowbore 58 of the housing 56. A flange 70 extends radially outwardly from the sleeve member 64 and into the recess 68 to divide the recess 68 into first and second fluid chambers 72, 74. The fluid chambers 72 and 74 are defined between the inner sleeve member 64 and the recess 68 of the housing 56. Fluid seals 76, of a type known in the art, ensure fluid tightness for the chambers 72, 74. One of the hydraulic fluid “close” lines 46, 48 or 50 is interconnected with the first chamber 72. The hydraulic fluid “open” line 40 is interconnected with the second chamber 74.
The fluid metering assemblies 52 each include a bi-directional check valve assembly 78 and an incremental piston assembly 80 which are incorporated into the close line 46, 48 or 50 in a parallel fashion by the use of fluid line splitters 82. The check valve assembly 78 is shown in greater detail in
A second check valve 102 is located within the second flow path 92. The second check valve 102 blocks fluid flow from the outlet 88 toward the inlet 86, but it will selectively permit fluid flow from the inlet 86 toward the outlet 88. In the depicted embodiment, the second check valve 102 includes a closure member 104 that is biased by a compression spring 106 against a valve seat 108. The spring provides a bias force upon the closure member 104 that can be overcome by a second level of pressure by fluid flowing along the second flow path 92 toward the outlet 88. The second level of pressure is greater than the first level of pressure. As a non-limiting example, a fluid pressure of about 5000 psi would unseat the closure member 104 from the valve seat 108 and allow fluid to pass through the second flow path 92.
Referring now to
In operation, the fluid metering assemblies 52 are used to operate each of the production nipples 34, 36, 38 by increments between an extreme open position (i.e., the fully open position depicted in
When it is desired to choke the production flow into the production nipples 34, 36, 38, the hydraulic metering assemblies 52 may be actuated to sequentially move their respective production nipples to choked position of smaller flow area, as illustrated in
Once the sleeve member 64 has been moved axially downwardly in an incremental manner, as described, fluid pressure within the close line 46, 48 or 50 is reduced or bled off to permit the compression spring 134 of the incremental piston assembly 80 to return the piston 124 to its retracted position. The compression spring 134 will urge the piston member 124 back to its retracted position. Fluid will pass around the piston portion 126 to refill the piston chamber 118 with fluid. Following the reduction in pressure, the close line 46, 48 or 50 can be repressurized as described above to move the sleeve member 64 a further incremental distance axially downwardly with respect to its surrounding housing 56. From the partially choked position shown in
The hydraulic metering assemblies 52 also may be actuated to move an associated production nipple 34, 36 or 38 to the fully closed position shown in
The foregoing description is directed to particular embodiments of the present invention for the purpose of illustration and explanation. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that many modifications and changes to the embodiment set forth above are possible without departing from the scope and the spirit of the invention.
Claims
1. A hydraulic metering assembly for operating a hydraulic device from a fluid source between a fully open position and a fully closed position, the hydraulic metering assembly comprising:
- an incremental piston assembly operably interconnected with the hydraulic device and operable to deliver metered amounts of fluid from the fluid source to the hydraulic device, thereby operating the hydraulic device incrementally from the fully open position toward the fully closed position; and
- a bypass mechanism to selectively permit substantially unrestricted fluid flow from the fluid source to the hydraulic device to move the hydraulic device to the fully closed position.
2. The hydraulic metering assembly of claim 1 wherein the bypass mechanism comprises a check valve that will open upon application of a predetermined level of fluid pressure.
3. The hydraulic metering assembly of claim 1 wherein the incremental piston assembly comprises:
- a housing defining a piston chamber and having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; and
- a piston member moveably disposed within the piston chamber between a retracted position and an extended position, the piston member displacing a volume of fluid from the piston chamber through the fluid outlet during movement from its retracted position to its extended position.
4. The hydraulic metering assembly of claim 3 wherein the incremental piston assembly further comprises a spring for returning the piston member from its extended position to its retracted position.
5. A hydrocarbon production assembly for use in a wellbore comprising:
- a hydrocarbon production string;
- a production nipple incorporated into the production string, the production nipple being operable between fully open, fully closed and partially open positions;
- a hydraulic open line interconnecting a fluid source with the production nipple to flow fluid from the fluid source to the production nipple to move the production nipple toward the fully open position;
- a hydraulic close line interconnecting a fluid source with the production nipple to flow fluid from the fluid source to move the production nipple toward the fully closed position;
- a hydraulic metering assembly incorporated into the close line, the hydraulic metering assembly comprising:
- a) an incremental piston assembly operable to deliver metered amounts of fluid from the fluid source to the production nipple, thereby operating the production nipple incrementally from the fully open position toward the fully closed position; and
- b) a bypass mechanism to selectively permit substantially unrestricted fluid flow from the fluid source to the production nipple to move the production nipple to the fully closed position.
6. The hydrocarbon production assembly of claim 5 wherein the bypass mechanism comprises a check valve that permits fluid flow from the fluid source to the production nipple upon application of a fluid pressure above a predetermined level.
7. The hydrocarbon production assembly of claim 6 further comprising a check valve that permits one-way fluid flow away from the production nipple.
8. The hydrocarbon production assembly of claim 5 wherein the incremental piston assembly comprises:
- a housing defining a piston chamber and having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; and
- a piston member moveably disposed within the piston chamber between a retracted position and an extended position, the piston member displacing a volume of fluid from the piston chamber through the fluid outlet during movement from its retracted position to its extended position.
9. The hydrocarbon production assembly of claim 8 wherein the incremental piston assembly further comprises a spring for returning the piston member from its extended position to its retracted position.
10. The hydrocarbon production assembly of claim 5 wherein the production nipple comprises a sliding sleeve valve comprising:
- an outer housing defining an axial flowbore;
- a lateral fluid flow port disposed through the housing;
- a sleeve member disposed within the flowbore of the housing and having a lateral opening disposed therethrough;
- the sleeve member being moveable with respect to the housing so that the lateral opening of the sleeve member is selectively alignable with the flow port of the housing to provide an adjustable flow area.
11. The hydrocarbon production assembly of claim 10 wherein:
- the flowbore of the housing provides a recess; and
- the sleeve member presents a radially extending flange that is disposed within the recess to define first and second fluid chambers.
12. A method for controlling a sleeve valve between an open position and a closed position, the method comprising the steps of:
- associating the sleeve valve with an open side fluid source for moving the sleeve valve to its open position;
- associating the sleeve valve with a closed side fluid source for moving the sleeve valve to its closed position;
- incorporating a hydraulic incremental piston device between the closed side fluid source and the sleeve valve, the incremental piston device being operable to transmit fluid to the sleeve valve in discrete increments;
- moving the sleeve valve to a substantially fully open position; and
- actuating the incremental piston device to move the sleeve valve from the substantially fully open position to a partially open position.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of bypassing the incremental piston device to move the sleeve valve to its closed position.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 26, 2008
Publication Date: Mar 4, 2010
Applicant: Baker Hughes Incorporated (Houston, TX)
Inventors: Jesse J. Constantine (Kingwood, TX), Conrad G. Weinig (Missouri, TX), Aaron T. Jackson (Tomball, TX)
Application Number: 12/198,248
International Classification: E21B 34/08 (20060101);