REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR MANAGING OIL THEREIN
Refrigerant circuit (2) comprising a low pressure compressor unit (38) having a low pressure refrigerant outlet (42) in a low pressure sub-circuit (4) and a higher pressure compressor unit (8) having a higher pressure refrigerant inlet (12) in a higher pressure sub-circuit (6), wherein the low pressure refrigerant outlet (42) and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet (12) are fluidly connected with each other, further comprising an oil reservoir (56) connected by a low pressure oil inlet conduit (54) to the low pressure sub-circuit (4) for receiving oil therefrom and connected via an oil discharge (62) to the higher pressure sub-circuit (6).
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This application is entitled to the benefit of, and incorporates by reference essential subject matter disclosed in PCT Application No. PCT/ EP2007/008485 filed on Sep. 28, 2007.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONRefrigerant circuits are known and widely induced, for example in air conditioning systems, refrigeration apparatus, etc. A conventional refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor unit, comprising one or a plurality of individual compressors, a heat rejecting heat exchanger, an expansion device and an evaporator in flow direction serially connected with each other. A two-stage refrigerant circuit comprises two refrigerant circuits working at different temperature levels and connected with each other. In a so called cascade arrangement the two refrigerant circuits are fluidly disconnected from each other and only in a heat exchange relationship connected with each other. In a booster arrangement, the two different level refrigerant circuits are fluidly connected with each other with the outlet of the lower compressor unit being typically at the same pressure level as the inlet of the higher pressure refrigerant circuit.
In order to maintain lubrication of the components and particularly of the pressure unit in the refrigerant circuit, a lubricant, typically oil, is admixed to the refrigerant in a predetermined amount. Typically approximately 2% of the refrigerant is lubricant and oil, respectively, while the remaining approximately 98% are the actual refrigerant. In order to maintain correct lubrication of the compressor unit an oil separator is typically provided in the high pressure line leaving the compressor unit and an oil level regulator is provided for the compressor unit in order to inject lubricant and oil, respectively, into a respective compressor of the compressor unit once the oil level therein is below a predetermined minimum oil level. In two stage refrigerant circuit having the two stages fluidly connected with each other, there is the risk for accumulating lubricant in one of the two stages. While it is relatively easy to inject lubricant accumulated from the higher pressure sub-circuit into the low pressure sub-circuit, the opposite, i.e. transferring lubricant from the low pressure sub-circuit into the higher pressure sub-circuit requires to bridge a substantial pressure difference.
Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide means for transferring lubricant from the low pressure sub-circuit to the higher pressure sub-circuit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONExemplary embodiments of the invention include a refrigerant circuit comprising a low pressure compressor unit having a low pressure refrigerant outlet in a low pressure sub-circuit and a higher pressure compressor unit having a higher pressure refrigerant inlet in a higher pressure sub-circuit, wherein the low pressure refrigerant outlet and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet are fluidly connected with each other, further comprising an oil reservoir connected by a low pressure oil inlet conduit to the low pressure sub-circuit for receiving oil there from and connected via a non-return valve to the higher pressure sub-circuit.
It is to be noted that in the context of this description the terms lubricant and oil are exchangeable, i.e. the term oil is not restricted to oil in its narrow meaning but extends to lubricants as a whole.
The respective compressor units may each comprise a single or a plurality of individual compressors.
An other exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a method for managing oil in a refrigerant circuit comprising a low pressure compressor unit having a low pressure refrigerant outlet in a low pressure sub-circuit and a higher pressure compressor unit having a higher pressure refrigerant inlet in a higher pressure sub-circuit, wherein the low pressure refrigerant outlet and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet are fluidly connected with each other, comprising the step of collecting excess oil from the low pressure sub-circuit in an oil reservoir and pressurizing the oil in the oil reservoir for transferring oil into the higher pressure sub-circuit.
Embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail below with reference to the figures, wherein:
The respective embodiments comprise similar or identical portions and elements and like reference numbers correspond to similar or identical features. Any disclosures given with respect to any of the embodiments likewise applies to the other embodiments unless it is technically impossible in view of the differences between the embodiments.
Line 20 connects the heat rejecting heat exchanger 18 with a receiver 22. Receiver outlet 24 is connected via an expansion means 26 to an evaporator 28. Line 30 connects the output 32 of the evaporator 28 with the medium pressure line 34 which further connects to the higher pressure refrigerant inlet 12. An inter cooler circuit 36 serves for sub cooling a refrigerant leaving the receiver 22, as known in the art.
Optionally, a branch-off line 45 can be provided connecting a refrigerant line portion at a position before the expansion means 26 with the line 30 at a position before the low pressure expansion device 44, especially at a position between the branching off medium pressure line 34 and the low pressure expansion device 44.
Low pressure sub-circuit 4 similarly comprises a low pressure compressor unit 38 having a plurality of individual compressors 40 and a common low pressure refrigerant outlet 42 which, in this embodiment, is identical to the medium pressure line 34 and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet 12, but is at least fluidly connected to the higher pressure refrigerant inlet 12.
A low pressure expansion device 44 and a low pressure evaporator 46 close the low pressure sub-circuit 4 to the low pressure refrigerant inlet 48.
The embodiment of
A higher pressure oil system 50 connects the oil sumps of the compressors 10 with each other in order to provide an equal oil level within the compressors. A similar compensation conduit 52 connects the individual compressors 40 of the low pressure compressor unit 38. This compensation conduit 52 is further connected via low pressure oil inlet conduit 54 to an oil reservoir 56. A low pressure shut-off valve 58 is arranged in the oil inlet conduit 54. Oil reservoir 56 is connected by means of oil discharge conduit 60 to the higher pressure sub-circuit 6 and preferably to the higher pressure refrigerant inlet 12. The oil discharge conduit 60 comprises an oil discharge valve 62 which preferably is a non-return valve 62, but may also be a shut-off valve. Moreover, a pressure release means 64 is connected to the oil reservoir 56. Preferably, the pressure release means 64 comprises a release conduit 66 connecting the oil reservoir 56 with a low pressure section line 48 and comprises a release valve 68.
During normal operation, the low pressure discharge valve 58 is open, while the oil discharge valve 62 and the release valve 68 are closed. Excess oil from the low pressure compressor unit 38 may flow through the low pressure oil inlet conduit 54 into the oil reservoir 56. Oil reservoir 56 can be fluidly connected to the oil sump of the low pressure compressor unit 38 and particularly to the individual oil sumps of the compressors 40 so that oil level in the oil sump(s) and the oil reservoir 56 are always flush, if the low pressure discharge valve 58 is in its open state. Alternatively, a tapping means (not shown) can be provided for each individual compressor 40 or the whole low pressure compressor unit 38 for tapping just the excess oil from the low pressure compressor unit 38. In both cases excess oil is collected in the oil reservoir 56. Once oil has accumulated in the oil reservoir 56, the low pressure discharge valve 58 is closed and the pressure in the oil reservoir 56 is increased, for example by allowing heating of the oil reservoir 56 and the refrigerant and oil therein by means of ambient conditions. Typically the oil reservoir 56 will be in a machine room at a temperature of roughly 20° C., while the temperature of the oil and the refrigerant in the oil reservoir 56 will be much lower, dependent on the fluid exchange with the low pressure compressor unit 38. If for example carbondioxide having a temperature of approximately minus 30° C. and a pressure of approximately 14.3 bar is allowed to warm up to approximately 2° C., the pressure within the oil reservoir 56 will substantially increase and will particularly be above the pressure of roughly 30 bar at the higher pressure refrigerant inlet 12 and once the oil discharge valve 62 opens, the oil can be transferred due to the pressure difference to the higher pressure refrigerant in the line 12. If the oil discharge valve 62 is a non-return valve, which opens for example if the pressure difference is approximately 0.07 bar, it will automatically open once the pressure in the oil reservoir 56 exceeds the pressure of the higher pressure refrigerant inlet 12. Alternatively, if the oil discharge valve 62 is a shut-off valve, it can actively be opened and closed for transferring the oil.
Once the oil has been transferred, the oil discharge valve 62 closes automatically or will be actively closed and the overpressure of the oil reservoir 56 is discharged to the release valve 68 to the low pressure suction line 48. Once the pressure in the low pressure suction line 48 and the oil reservoir 56 is balanced, the low pressure discharge valve 58 can be opened again in order to allow the collection of excess oil in the oil reservoir 56.
Sensor means (not shown) can be provided for detecting whether sufficient excess oil has been collected in the oil reservoir 56 and a control (not shown) can initiate the oil transportation as previously described. It is also possible to provide a timer which after a pre-determined time has elapsed, starts a corresponding oil transfer operation. It is within the average skill of the skilled person in the field to provide the necessary sensors, control, etc. for implementing either of the described oil transfer modes.
Situations might exist where the temperature in the machine room for the oil reservoir 56 is not sufficient to generate sufficient pressure within the reservoir 56. For initiating or accelerating the built up of the pressure in the oil reservoir 56, it is possible to open the oil discharge valve 62 once the low pressure discharge valve 58 has been closed for oil transfer. Once the oil discharge valve 62 is opened, higher pressure refrigerant from the higher pressure refrigerant inlet 12 may flow into to oil reservoir 56 at a pressure of approximately 30.5 bar and a temperature of approximately minus 5° C. Accordingly, the pressure in the oil reservoir 56 will be relatively close to the target pressure for transferring the oil and at a relatively low temperature. Subsequently, the oil discharge valve 62 is closed again and ambient air around the oil reservoir 56 may heat up the refrigerant and oil within the oil reservoir 56. Already a slight temperature increase will be sufficient to provide a sufficient pressure difference between the oil reservoir and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet line 12 for transferring the oil thereto.
In the embodiment of
The embodiment of
Alternatively, beginning with the normal operation mode, where only the low pressure discharge valve 50 is open, this low pressure discharge valve 58 can be closed and the oil transfer valve 78 can be opened, so that pressure difference with drive excess oil from the higher pressure sub-circuit to the oil reservoir 56.
It is to be noted, that the individual approaches as shown above for increasing the pressure in the oil reservoir 56 for transferring oil to the higher pressure sub-circuit can be used various combinations with each other. It is also possible to use the additional oil transfer conduit 76 and oil transfer valve 78 with any of the above embodiments of
In general the pressure figures are given as absolute pressures.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalence my be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that it is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments within the scope of the dependent claims.
Claims
1. Refrigerant circuit comprising a low pressure compressor unit having a low pressure refrigerant outlet in a low pressure sub-circuit and a higher pressure compressor unit having a higher pressure refrigerant inlet in a higher pressure sub-circuit, wherein the low pressure refrigerant outlet and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet are fluidly connected with each other, further comprising an oil reservoir connected by a low pressure oil inlet conduit to the low pressure sub-circuit for receiving oil therefrom and connected via an oil discharge to the higher pressure sub-circuit and a receiver in the higher pressure sub-circuit, a pressurizing line connecting the receiver with the oils reservoir and a pressurizing valve in the pressurizing line.
2. Refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, wherein the oil reservoir is connected to a tapping means for tapping excess oil from the low pressure compressor unit.
3. Refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, wherein the oil reservoir is fluidly connected to the oil sump of the low pressure compressor unit so that the oil level in the oil reservoir and that of the oil sump in the low pressure compressor unit are same level during operation.
4. Refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a low pressure shut-off valve in the oil inlet conduit.
5. Refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, wherein the oil reservoir further comprises a pressure release means.
6. Refrigerant circuit according to claim 5, wherein the pressure relief means is a release conduit connecting the oil reservoir with a low pressure section line and comprising a release valve.
7. Refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a heater connected to the oil reservoir.
8. Refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a oil transfer conduit with an oil transfer valve connecting the higher pressure compressor unit to the oil reservoir.
9. Refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit comprising a low pressure compressor unit having a low pressure refrigerant outlet in a low pressure sub-circuit and a higher pressure compressor unit having a higher pressure refrigerant inlet in a higher pressure sub-circuit wherein the low pressure refrigerant outlet and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet are fluidly connected with each other, further comprising an oil reservoir connected by a low pressure oil inlet conduit to the low pressure sub-circuit for receiving oil therefrom and connected via an oil discharge to the higher pressure sub-circuit and a receiver in the higher pressure sub-circuit, a pressurizing line connecting the receiver with the oils reservoir and a pressurizing valve in the pressurizing line.
10. Method for managing oils in a refrigerant circuit comprising a low pressure compressor unit having a low pressure refrigerant outlet in a low pressure sub-circuit and a higher pressure compressor unit having a higher pressure refrigerant inlet in a higher pressure sub-circuit, wherein the low pressure refrigerant outlet and the higher pressure refrigerant inlet are fluidly connected with each other, further comprising a receiver in the higher pressure sub-circuit, a pressurizing line connecting the receiver with the oils reservoir and a pressurizing valve in the pressurizing line, comprising the step of collecting excess oil from the low pressure sub-circuit in an oil reservoir and pressurizing the oil in the oil reservoir for transferring oil into the higher pressure sub-circuit, wherein the step of pressurizing the oil reservoir comprises supplying refrigerant from the high pressure portion of the higher pressure sub-circuit into the oil reservoir.
11. Method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of tapping excess oil from the low pressure compressor unit by means of a tapping means.
12. Method according to claim 10, wherein the pressurizing is performed in intervals and further comprising the step of maintaining an equal oil level in the oil reservoir and the compressor unit at times where the oil in the reservoir is not pressurized.
13. Method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of closing a shut-off valve in the oil inlet conduit to the oil reservoir before pressurizing the same.
14. Method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of releasing pressure for the oil reservoir before opening the shut-off valve again.
15. Method according to claim 10, wherein the step of pressurizing the oil reservoir comprises the heating thereof.
16. Method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of transferring excess oil from the higher pressure sub-circuit to the oil reservoir.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 28, 2007
Publication Date: Oct 7, 2010
Applicant: CARRIER CORPORATION (Farmington, CT)
Inventors: Peter Leweke (Cologne), Christian Douven (Erkrath)
Application Number: 12/680,483
International Classification: F25B 43/00 (20060101); F25B 1/10 (20060101);