Navigated Malleable Surgical Instrument
A surgical instrument can include a body, a tracking device, and a handle. The body can include proximal and distal ends, and a flow passage extending therebetween. The body can be formed from a malleable material such that it can be bent between the proximal and distal ends from a first configuration to a second bent configuration and maintain the bent configuration. The tracking device can be positioned adjacent the distal end for tracking a distal tip of the instrument. The handle can be coupled to the proximal end of the body and can include an internal flow passage in fluid communication with the body flow passage. The tracking device can include a pair of lead wires wound around the body to the handle, where the wound wires can conform to the bent configuration of the body such that they do not strain or break during bending of the body.
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This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/330,024 filed on Apr. 30, 2010. The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELDThe present disclosure relates generally to a navigated malleable surgical instrument.
BACKGROUNDThe statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Surgical procedures can be performed on anatomies such as the human anatomy for providing a therapy to the anatomy. One area of surgery includes procedures performed on facial cavities of a patient such as on the ear, nose or throat (ENT). In such a procedure, a surgical instrument such as a suction device may be inserted into such a cavity to perform a procedure for example. Because the viewing angle of a surgeon at the area of interest can be obscured by the surrounding tissue of the cavity, the ability of a surgeon to effectively apply a therapy, such as a suction procedure, can be reduced. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a mechanism so that a surgeon can provide a therapy without minimization or reduction of effectiveness of the procedure or in viewing the area to apply the therapy.
In navigation systems, instruments are provided with tracking devices. Sometimes, however, such tracking devices can be difficult to manipulate or cumbersome to the instrument. In other instances, the tracking devices can be positioned in a handle or proximal region of the instrument such that if the distal tip moves or is moved relative to the handle, the distal tip can no longer be accurately tracked.
In some procedures, it may also be difficult to effectively guide the surgical instrument through various shaped cavities of the anatomy. In an effort to address this difficulty, instruments have been developed that include flexible elongated portions configured to be permanently flexible. While these flexible instruments can conform to internal cavities of the anatomy, they do not retain any specific configuration, such that they are generally not suitable for certain procedures, such as an ENT suction procedure.
SUMMARYThis section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.
In one form, a surgical instrument is provided and can include an elongated body portion, a tracking device, and a handle portion. The elongated body portion can include a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner diameter defining a first internal flow passage between the proximal and distal ends. The body portion can be formed from a malleable metallic material such that the body portion can be bent between the proximal and distal ends from a first configuration to a second bent configuration and maintain the bent configuration. The tracking device can be positioned adjacent or near the distal end and can be adapted to cooperate with a navigation system to track a distal tip of the instrument. The handle portion can be coupled to the proximal end of the body portion and can include a second internal flow passage in fluid communication with the first internal flow passage. The tracking device can include at least a pair of lead wires wound around the body portion from the tracking device to the handle portion, the wound lead wires can be configured to conform to the bent configuration of the body portion such that they do not strain or break during bending of the body portion.
In another form, a surgical instrument is provided and can include an elongated tubular body portion, a tubular insert portion, and a sleeve. The tubular body portion can have a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner diameter defining a first internal flow passage between the proximal and distal ends. The body portion can be formed from a malleable metallic material such that the body portion can be bent between the proximal and distal ends from a first configuration to a second bent configuration and maintain the bent configuration. The tubular insert portion can have a proximal end and a distal tip, the proximal end of the insert portion can be received in the inner diameter of the distal end of the body portion, and the insert portion can be formed of a rigid, non-bendable material. The sleeve can be configured to be received over the insert portion and extend from the distal end thereof partially towards the proximal end. The instrument can further include a tracking device and a handle portion. The tracking device can be coupled to the sleeve adjacent to the distal tip of the insert, and can be adapted to cooperate with a navigation system to track the distal tip of the instrument. The handle portion can be coupled to the proximal end of the body portion and can include a second internal flow passage in fluid communication with the first internal flow passage. The tracking device can include at least a pair of lead wires helically wound around the body portion at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the body portion, where the helically wound pair of lead wires can be configured to conform to the bent configuration of the body portion such that they do not strain or break during bending of the body portion. A flexible outer layer can cover the body portion, sleeve, insert and tracking device.
Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.
The present teachings will become more fully understood from the detailed description, the appended claims and the following drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the present disclosure, its application, or uses. It should also be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.
Generally, the navigation system 10 can be used to track a location of suction instrument 100, including a distal tip or end thereof, as will be described herein. Navigation system 10 can generally include an optional imaging system 20, such as a fluoroscopic X-ray imaging device configured as a C-arm 24 and an image device controller 28. The C-arm imaging system 20 can be any appropriate imaging system, such as a digital or CCD camera, which are well understood in the art. Image data obtained can be stored in the C-arm controller 28 and sent to a navigation computer and/or processor controller or work station 32 having a display device 36 to display image data 40 and a user interface 44. The work station 32 can also include or be connected to an image processor, navigation processor, and a memory to hold instruction and data. The work station 32 can include an optimization processor that assists in a navigated procedure. It will also be understood that the image data is not necessarily first retained in the controller 28, but may also be directly transmitted to the workstation 32. Moreover, processing for the navigation system and optimization can all be done with a single or multiple processors all of which may or may not be included in the work station 32.
The work station 32 provides facilities for displaying the image data 40 as an image on the display device 36, saving, digitally manipulating, or printing a hard copy image of the received image data. The user interface 44, which may be a keyboard, mouse, touch pen, touch screen or other suitable device, allows a physician or user 50 to provide inputs to control the imaging device 20, via the C-arm controller 28, or adjust the display settings of the display device 36.
With continuing reference to
The EM tracking system 60 can use the coil arrays 64, 68 to create an electromagnetic field used for navigation. The coil arrays 64, 68 can include a plurality of coils that are each operable to generate distinct electromagnetic fields into the navigation region of the patient 34, which is sometimes referred to as patient space. Representative electromagnetic systems are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,820, entitled “Position Location System,” issued Jun. 22, 1999 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,939, entitled “Method and System for Navigating a Catheter Probe,” issued Jan. 14, 1997, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The coil arrays 64, 68 can be controlled or driven by the coil array controller 72. The coil array controller 72 can drive each coil in the coil arrays 64, 68 in a time division multiplex or a frequency division multiplex manner. In this regard, each coil may be driven separately at a distinct time or all of the coils may be driven simultaneously with each being driven by a different frequency.
Upon driving the coils in the coil arrays 64, 68 with the coil array controller 72, electromagnetic fields are generated within the patient 34 in the area where the medical procedure is being performed, which is again sometimes referred to as patient space. The electromagnetic fields generated in the patient space induce currents in the tracking device 84 positioned on or in the suction instrument 100. These induced signals from the tracking device 84 can be delivered to the navigation probe interface 80 and subsequently forwarded to the coil array controller 72. The navigation probe interface 80 can also include amplifiers, filters and buffers to directly interface with the tracking device 84 in the instrument 100. Alternatively, the tracking device 84, or any other appropriate portion, may employ a wireless communications channel, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,474,341, entitled “Surgical Communication Power System,” issued Nov. 5, 2002, herein incorporated by reference, as opposed to being coupled directly to the navigation probe interface 80.
The tracking system 60, if it is using an electromagnetic tracking assembly, essentially works by positioning the coil arrays 64, 68 adjacent to the patient 32 to generate a magnetic field, which can be low energy, and generally referred to as a navigation field. Because every point in the navigation field or patient space is associated with a unique field strength, the electromagnetic tracking system 60 can determine the position of the instrument 100 by measuring the field strength at the tracking device 84 location. The coil array controller 72 can receive the induced signals from the tracking device 84 and transmit information regarding a location, where location information can include both x, y, and z position and roll, pitch, and yaw orientation information, of the tracking device 84 associated with the tracked suction instrument 100. Accordingly, six degree of freedom (6 DOF) information can be determined with the navigation system 10.
Referring now to
Suction instrument 100 can include a tube assembly 110, a handle assembly 114 and a tracking sensor arrangement 118. Suction instrument 100 can be configured for a single use such that it would be disposed after such use. The tube assembly 110 can include a malleable elongated tubular body 126 and an insert portion 130. The tubular body 126 can include an outer diameter 134 and an inner diameter 138 and can have a first end 142 coupled to the handle assembly 114 and a second opposite end 148 configured to receive insert portion 130, as shown in
The insert portion 130 can be configured to provide non-malleable support for at least the tracking sensor 84. Insert portion 130 can include an outer diameter 160 substantially equal to the inner diameter 156 of annular recess 152, and an inner diameter 164 substantially equal to the inner diameter 138 of malleable elongated body 126, as also shown in
Insert portion 130 can include a sleeve 190 received on an exterior thereof, as shown in
With particular reference to
The coil assemblies 214 can include three coil assemblies as described above that cooperate with the navigation system 10 such that 6 DOF tracking information can be determined. It should be appreciated, however, that two coil assemblies 214 could also be used in conjunction with navigation system 10 such that 6 DOF tracking information can also be determined. In a configuration where three coil assemblies 214 are utilized, two of the three coil assemblies can be positioned at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis 208 with the third coil assembly being positioned at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis 208 or parallel thereto. The three coil assemblies 214 can also each be positioned at an angle relative to each other. As discussed above, an exemplary angle of the three coil assemblies 214 relative to the longitudinal axis 208 can be 45 or 55 degrees, which also provides for optimal packaging and spacing of the coil assemblies circumferentially around sleeve 190. It should be appreciated that while an angle of 45 or 55 degrees has been discussed, other angles could be utilized with coil assemblies 214 and instrument 100 as may be required. It should also be appreciated, as discussed above, that the coil assemblies could be positioned parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 208.
In a configuration where tracking device 84 includes two coil assemblies 214, the two coil assemblies can similarly be positioned equidistant or 180 degrees spaced around an outer perimeter of sleeve 190, as well as can each be positioned at an angle relative to each other and at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis 208 of the tube assembly 110. In this configuration, the two coil assemblies can also cooperate with navigation system 10 such that 6 DOF tracking information can be determined. In one exemplary configuration, the two coil assemblies 214 can be positioned at an angle of about 0 to 90 degrees, including about 45 degrees relative to longitudinal axis 208 of the tube assembly 210.
With additional reference to
With particular reference to
With particular reference to
Printed circuit board 232 can include a flexible backing 244 such that it can readily conform to the contour of an outer surface of the body 126, as shown for example in
The second set of lead wires can include three respective pairs of wires 236A, 236B, 236C, as generally shown in
The second set of lead wires 236, which includes the three pairs of twisted wires 236A-C, can be helically wound around elongated body 126 from the printed circuit board 232 to the second end 148, as generally shown for example in
Once the second set of wires 236 has been helically wound around the outside of tubular body 126 to the first end 142, the wires can be routed into slots 254 in handle assembly 114 and connected to respective lead wires of a cable connector assembly 258, as generally shown in
With particular reference to
As discussed above, the handle assembly 114 can include multiple components, such as for example two halves, with one of the halves shown in
With particular reference to
In operation and with additional reference to
Moreover, the helically wound configuration of wires 236 along with the Teflon coating provides for the ability to bend malleable body 126 at various angles including through ninety degrees without breaking the wires. More specifically, by winding wires 236 helically around body 126 at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis and at a close proximity to each other, the wound wires can conform to the bent shape and move or flex axially with the bent tube such that they do not strain and/or break during the bending. In addition, the Teflon coating provides added lubricity for the wires to have relative motion between the tube and the outer shrink coating 272 during bending.
Further, by providing the tracking device 84 near the distal tip 222, the distal tip 222 of the suction instrument can be tracked to provide substantially accurate position data for the distal tip of suction instrument 100 when out of a line of sight in a body cavity of patient 34. This is particularly useful for the malleable suction instrument 100 because, for example, the tip can be bent or moved relative to the handle and still be tracked. On the other hand, if the tracking device was in the handle (such as in a hind tracked system) and the body 126 was subsequently bent or shaped, the navigation system would no longer be able to accurately track the position of the distal tip. In this regard, the present teaching provide a tip tracked malleable suction instrument that can be bent or shaped into various configurations as may be required during a procedure, and the distal tip can be accurately tracked in any of the various bent positions.
In use, the patient 34 can be positioned on an operating table or other appropriate structure and appropriate image data of a patient or navigation space can be obtained, such as an ENT area. The image data can be registered to the navigation space as is known in the art. The surgeon 50 can determine a shape of the malleable suction instrument 100 to reach a target site and bend the suction instrument 100 to the determined shape where instrument 100 retains the bent shape, as discussed above. The bent or shaped surgical instrument 100 can then be guided to the target site with an icon representing the position of the distal tip of instrument 100 being superimposed on the image data. The icon can show the tracked relative position of the distal tip as instrument 100 is navigated to the target site. In addition, if during navigation of the shaped instrument 100 to the target site, the surgeon determines that the shaped configuration will need to be altered, the surgeon can bend and/or reshape the instrument 100 to a newly shaped configuration and proceed again as discussed above.
With additional reference to
With additional reference to
The coil assemblies 214″ can be formed in various selected shapes, such as elliptical, circular, or oval. In one exemplary configuration, the axial coil 304 can be concentric with and wrapped around an outer surface of sleeve 190 or body 126, as shown in
While one or more specific examples have been described and illustrated, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalence may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present teachings as defined in the claims. Furthermore, the mixing and matching of features, elements and/or functions between various examples may be expressly contemplated herein so that one skilled in the art would appreciate from the present teachings that features, elements and/or functions of one example may be incorporated into another example as appropriate, unless described otherwise above. Moreover, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the present teachings without departing from the essential scope thereof.
Claims
1. A surgical instrument, comprising:
- an elongated body portion having a proximal end and a distal end, the body portion having an inner diameter defining a first internal flow passage between the proximal and distal ends, the body portion formed from a malleable metallic material such that the body portion can be bent between the proximal and distal ends from a first configuration to a second bent configuration and maintain the bent configuration;
- a tracking device positioned adjacent the distal end and adapted to cooperate with a navigation system to track a distal tip of the instrument; and
- a handle portion coupled to the proximal end of the body portion and including a second internal flow passage in fluid communication with the first internal flow passage, the tracking device including at least a pair of lead wires wound around the body portion from the tracking device to the handle portion, the wound lead wires configured to conform to the bent configuration of the body portion such that they do not strain or break during bending of the body portion.
2. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the pair of lead wires is helically wound around the body portion from the tracking device to the handle portion.
3. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein the pair of lead wires are helically wound around the body portion with each revolution of the helically wound pair of wires being axially spaced apart by 15-45 mm.
4. The surgical instrument of claim 3, further comprising an outer polymeric shrink fit layer covering the elongated body portion and tracking device.
5. The surgical instrument of claim 3, wherein the pair of lead wires are twisted together and helically wound around the body portion at an angle of 5-45 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the body portion.
6. The surgical instrument of claim 5, wherein the angle includes about 30 degrees.
7. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein the pair of lead wires each include a lubricous coating on an outer surface thereof.
8. The surgical instrument of claim 1, further comprising:
- a tubular insert portion having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end of the insert portion configured to be received in the distal end of the body portion, the insert portion being formed of a rigid, non-bendable material; and
- a sleeve configured to be received over the insert portion and extend from the distal end thereof partially towards the proximal end;
- wherein the tracking device is coupled to the sleeve adjacent the distal end thereof.
9. The surgical instrument of claim 8, wherein the sleeve includes a depression formed in an outer surface thereof and having a longitudinal axis positioned at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the body portion; and
- wherein the tracking device includes an electromagnetic coil arranged to be positioned in the depression.
10. The surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein the acute angle includes about 55 degrees.
11. The surgical instrument of claim 8, wherein the sleeve includes three depressions formed in an surface thereof and equally spaced circumferentially around the outer surface of the sleeve, each depression having a longitudinal axis positioned at an angle of about 55 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the body portion; and
- wherein the tracking device includes three electromagnetic coil assemblies, each coil assembly configured to be positioned in one of the three depressions formed in the outer surface of the sleeve.
12. The surgical instrument of claim 11, where in the sleeve further includes three flattened planar sections spaced circumferentially around the outer surface of the sleeve, each of the three depressions being formed in a corresponding one of the flattened sections.
13. The surgical instrument of claim 11, wherein each of the coil assemblies includes a respective pair of lead wires, each pair of lead wires being helically wound around the body portion adjacent to each other from the tracking device to the handle with each revolution of the helically wound pairs of wires being axially spaced apart by approximately 15-45 mm.
14. The surgical instrument of claim 13, further comprising a circuit board having a flexible backing configured to conform to an outer cylindrical surface of the body portion;
- wherein the three pair of lead wires each include a first and second set of lead wires, the first set of lead wires being connected to a respective coil assembly on one end and to a first end of the printed circuit board at a second opposite end, the second set of lead wires being connected to a second opposite end of the flexible circuit board at one end and being helically wound around the body portion adjacent to each other from the circuit board to the handle with each revolution of the helically would pairs of wires being axially spaced apart by approximately 30 mm.
15. The surgical instrument of claim 14, further comprising an outer polymeric shrink layer covering the sleeve, insert, flexible circuit board and body portion, the wires being moveably captured between the outer shrink layer and the body portion.
16. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tracking device includes at least one coil assembly having a plurality of windings wound to form a generally cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of less than approximately 0.5 mm and an axial length between approximately 1.5 and 2.0 mm.
17. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tracking device includes at least one coil assembly having a plurality of windings wound to form at least a partially concave or concave outer surface between opposed ends of the coil assembly, the concave outer surface configured to nest around a generally cylindrical surface of the body portion.
18. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tracking device includes at least two coil assemblies positioned adjacent the distal end of the elongated body portion and orientated perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the body portion.
19. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tracking device includes at least two coil assemblies wrapped around the body portion adjacent the distal tip, the at least two coil assemblies having a wrap axis that is non-normal and non-parallel to a longitudinal axis of the body portion.
20. The surgical instrument of claim 19, wherein the at least two coil assemblies includes three coil assemblies wrapped around the body portion in an overlapping manner relative to each other.
21. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tracking device includes at least two oval coil assemblies positioned adjacent the distal tip.
22. The surgical instrument of claim 21, further comprising an axial coil provided with the at least two oval coils.
23. The surgical instrument of claim 21, wherein the at least two oval coil assemblies includes two pair of oval coil assemblies.
24. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tracking device includes three coil assemblies each having a respective pair of lead wires extending along the body portion directly to the handle.
25. A surgical instrument, comprising:
- an elongated tubular body portion having a proximal end and a distal end, the body portion having an inner diameter defining a first internal flow passage between the proximal and distal ends, the body portion formed from a malleable metallic material such that the body portion can be bent between the proximal and distal ends from a first configuration to a second bent configuration and maintain the bent configuration;
- a tubular insert portion having a proximal end and a distal tip, the proximal end of the insert portion being received in the distal end of the body portion, the insert portion being formed of a rigid, non-bendable material;
- a sleeve configured to be received over the insert portion and extend from the distal end thereof partially towards the proximal end;
- a tracking device coupled to the sleeve adjacent to the distal tip of the insert, the tracking device adapted to cooperate with a navigation system to track the distal tip of the instrument;
- a handle portion coupled to the proximal end of the body portion and including a second internal flow passage in fluid communication with the first internal flow passage, the tracking device including at least a pair of lead wires helically wound around the body portion at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the body portion, the helically wound pair of lead wires configured to conform to the bent configuration of the body portion such that they do not strain or break during bending of the body portion; and
- a flexible outer layer covering the body portion, sleeve, insert and tracking device.
26. The surgical instrument of claim 25, wherein the tracking device includes at least two coil assemblies, each coil assembly coupled to the sleeve adjacent the distal tip and including a longitudinal axis orientated at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body portion.
27. The surgical instrument of claim 26, wherein the at least two coil assemblies are orientated in a non-parallel configuration relative to each other.
28. The surgical instrument of claim 27, wherein the at least two coil assemblies includes three coil assemblies; and
- wherein at least two of the three coil assemblies are orientated at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis and each other.
29. The surgical instrument of claim 25, wherein the tracking device includes at least two coil assemblies, each coil assembly coupled to the sleeve adjacent the distal tip and including a longitudinal axis orientated perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body portion.
30. The surgical instrument of claim 28, wherein each coil assembly includes a first pair of wires coupled to a flexible printed circuit board affixed to an outer surface of the body portion adjacent the distal end thereof; and wherein the at least a pair of lead wires includes three pair of lead wires each having an end coupled to the printed circuit board and being helically wound therefrom adjacent to each other around the body portion at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis thereof, with each revolution being axially spaced apart from each other by 15-45 mm.
31. The surgical instrument of claim 28, wherein each coil assembly is positioned equidistant from each other around a circumference of the sleeve.
32. The surgical instrument of claim 30, wherein the proximal end of the rigid insert portion extends into the body portion so as to extend under substantially an entire axial length of the printed circuit board.
33. The surgical instrument of claim 25, wherein the distal tip includes a chamfered or rounded tip.
34. The surgical instrument of claim 25, wherein the flexible outer layer includes a shrink fit layer formed of a polymeric material.
35. The surgical instrument of claim 25, wherein the pair of lead wires are moveably captured between the flexible outer layer and the body portion.
36. The surgical instrument of claim 25, wherein the tracking device includes three coil assemblies each having a respective pair of lead wires extending along the body portion directly to the handle.
37. A surgical instrument, comprising:
- an elongated tubular body portion having a proximal end and a distal end, the body portion having an inner diameter defining a first internal flow passage between the proximal and distal ends, and an annular recess formed in the inner diameter of the distal end, the body portion formed from a malleable metallic material such that the body portion can be bent between the proximal and distal ends from a first configuration to a second bent configuration and maintain the bent configuration;
- a tubular insert portion having a proximal end and a distal tip, the proximal end of the insert portion being received in the annular recess of the distal end of the body portion, the insert portion being formed of a rigid, non-bendable material;
- a polymeric sleeve configured to be received over the insert portion and extend from the distal end thereof partially towards the proximal end of the insert portion;
- a tracking device coupled to the sleeve adjacent to the distal tip of the insert, the tracking device adapted to cooperate with a navigation system to track the distal tip of the instrument, the tracking device including at least two electromagnetic coil assemblies coupled to a depression in an outer surface of the sleeve, each coil assembly positioned at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the body portion;
- a handle portion coupled to the proximal end of the body portion and including a second internal flow passage in fluid communication with the first internal flow passage, the tracking device including a pair of lead wires for each coil assembly helically wound around the body portion adjacent to each other at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body portion, the helically wound pairs of lead wires configured to conform to the bent configuration of the body portion such that they do not strain or break during bending of the body portion; and
- a flexible polymeric outer heat shrink layer covering the body portion, sleeve, insert and tracking device, the pairs of lead wires being moveably captured between the malleable body portion and the flexible outer layer.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 29, 2011
Publication Date: Nov 3, 2011
Patent Grant number: 9226800
Applicant: MEDTRONIC XOMED, INC. (Jacksonville, FL)
Inventors: Bruce M. Burg (Louisville, CO), Ross Smetzer (Valley Springs, CA), Andrew Bzostek (Erie, CO), Steven L. Hartmann (Superior, CO), Brad Jacobsen (Erie, CO), Matthew J. Nadeau (Lafayette, CO)
Application Number: 13/097,243
International Classification: A61B 5/05 (20060101);