Abstract: A fusion-imaging method for radiofrequency ablation is provided, including: obtaining preoperative volume image of an individual; reconstructing a virtual three-dimensional model of a target area of the individual according to the preoperative volume image; creating a global reference frame by a tracking device and registering the virtual three-dimensional model to the global reference frame; obtaining an ultrasound image of the target area by using an ultrasonic probe and tracking the ultrasonic probe by the tracking device in order to register the ultrasonic image to the global reference frame; capturing a virtual corresponding image corresponding to a portion of the virtual three-dimensional model along a plane of the ultrasonic image; and overlapping the ultrasonic image and the virtual corresponding image and simultaneously displaying the overlapping image and a virtual radiofrequency ablation probe model.

Abstract: Methods, non-transitory computer readable media, tracker devices, central processor devices, and optical tracking systems that facilitate improved optical tracking in surgical environments are disclosed. With this technology, background images are captured within an acquisition sequence. The background images are used to analyze the quality of current images that are captured in the acquisition sequence and to determine an angular position of optical sensor modules of optical tracker devices with respect to light sources coupled to a reference frame that can be integral with an opposing one of the tracker devices. Using multiple tracking devices facilitates a reciprocal angular position determination that is more accurate and can withstand occlusion of an optical sensor module.

Abstract: A system comprising: a magnetic transmitter configured to generate magnetic fields; a magnetic sensor configured to generate signals based on characteristics of the magnetic fields received at the magnetic sensor; and one or more computer systems configured to: receive the signals from the magnetic sensor; determine, based on the signals received from the magnetic sensor, an electromagnetic (EM) pose of the magnetic sensor relative to the magnetic transmitter; determine one or both of: i) an inertial pose of the magnetic sensor relative to the magnetic transmitter based on inertial data associated with the magnetic transmitter and the magnetic sensor, or ii) an optical pose of the magnetic sensor relative to the magnetic transmitter based on optical data associated with the magnetic transmitter and the magnetic sensor; determine an estimated pose of the magnetic sensor relative to the magnetic transmitter based on the EM pose and the one or both of the inertial pose or the optical pose; determine distorted ma

Abstract: The present invention relates to determining the rotation of an interventional device in an ultrasound field. An interventional device is provided that is suitable for being tracked in an ultrasound beam of a beamforming ultrasound imaging system by correlating transmitted ultrasound signals from the beamforming ultrasound imaging system as detected by ultrasound receivers attached to the interventional device with the beamforming beam sequence of the ultrasound signals. The interventional device includes a longitudinal axis (A-A?), a first linear sensor array (12) comprising a plurality of ultrasound receivers (R1 . . . n) wherein each ultrasound receiver has a length (L) and a width (W), and wherein the array extends along the width (W) direction. Moreover the first linear sensor array (12) is wrapped circumferentially around the interventional device with respect to the axis (A-A?) such that the length (L) of each ultrasound receiver is arranged lengthwise with respect to the axis (A-A?).

Abstract: Markers, microwave probes, and related systems and methods are provided for localizing lesions within a patient's body, e.g., within a breast. The marker includes an energy converter e.g., one or more photodiodes, for transforming energy pulses striking the marker into electrical energy, a switch, e.g., FET, coupled to the photodiodes such that light from a probe cause the switch to open and close. A pair of antenna wires are coupled to the switch to provide an antenna, the switch configured to open and close when light strikes the photodiodes to modulate signals from the probe reflected by the antenna back to the probe to identify the location of the marker. The marker also includes an electro static discharge (ESD) protection device coupled to the switch to provide protection against an electrostatic discharge event.

Abstract: A method of deploying an interventional instrument comprises identifying a target structure within a patient anatomy in an anatomic frame of reference. The method further comprises determining a target region representing a location of the target structure in the the anatomic frame of reference with respect to a current location of the interventional instrument and recording a first engagement location of the interventional instrument within the target. Determining the target region includes determining a probabilistic distribution of the location of the target structure relative to the current location of the interventional instrument and associating each of the plurality of target points with a probability of engaging the target structure.

Abstract: A system, including various apparatus and methods, for surgical navigation is provided. The system is configured to track the spine of a patient by capturing images via one or more cameras. The cameras are configured to capture images of one or more arrays. The system transmits the images to a computer system. The one or more arrays are releasably secured with the spine of the patient, such as by a spine pin or a spine clamp. The system can determine the spatial position and orientation of relevant anatomical features, implants, and instruments using and processing the captured images.

Abstract: An impedance reflector apparatus, systems, and methods are provided for detecting a marker implanted within tissue that includes a switch for changing a configuration of an antenna of the marker. The apparatus includes a set of transmit electrodes coupled to a signal generator for transmitting a drive current into tissue to generate an electromagnetic field around the marker, a set of receive electrodes configured to detect voltage signals within the tissue corresponding to the electromagnetic field, and a light source for delivering light pulses into the body to open and close the switch to change the configuration of the antenna of the marker. A processor coupled to the receive electrodes processes the detected voltage signals to identify changes in the electromagnetic field that are synchronized with the light pulses to determine whether the marker is operating properly.

Abstract: A patch includes a sensor layer and adhesive disposed along an outer surface of the sensor layer. The sensor layer has a plurality of sensors, each adapted to measure a value of an electric field, and a plurality of magnets wherein each of the plurality of magnets is collocated with one of the plurality of sensors. Electric field data from the plurality of sensors is provided to a cardiac monitor.

Abstract: A method for mapping the trajectory of a part of the anatomy of a human or animal body. The method comprises receiving signals from a sensor attached to part of the anatomy, which include three dimensional position information indicating the location of the sensor, determining from the signals at least two angles of rotation of the part of the anatomy to which the sensor is attached with respect to a centre of rotation of another part of the body, transforming the signals to provide two dimensional coordinate data where a first dimension in the two dimensional coordinate space represents a first angle of rotation of the part of the anatomy, and a second dimension in the two dimensional coordinate space represents a second angle of rotation of the part of the anatomy; and stores the two dimensional coordinate data.

Abstract: A medical image diagnostic apparatus according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry. The medical image diagnostic apparatus performs image registration between medical image data. The processing circuitry extracts a structure of the subject included in the medical image data. The processing circuitry sets a display scale of the subject to a specified value. The processing circuitry performs image registration between the medical image data on the display scale of the specified value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for navigating an instrument relative to a patient that can be near a field distorting feature. A localizer can generate an electromagnetic field that is sensed by a tracking device to determine a location of the tracking device with the sensed electromagnetic field. The system and related method can assist in determining whether a navigation field is distorted near a tracking device of the instrument.

Abstract: Shift register includes signal writing circuit, voltage control circuit and output circuit. The signal writing circuit is configured to write inverted signal of input signal provided by signal input terminal into second node responsive to control of second clock signal provided by second clock signal terminal. The voltage control circuit is configured to write first operating voltage into first node and write second clock signal into third node in voltage control circuit in response to control of voltage at first node, write second operating voltage into third node in response to control of second clock signal and write first clock signal provided by first clock signal terminal into first node in response to control of voltage at third node and first clock signal. The output circuit is configured to write second or first operating voltage into signal output terminal in response to control of voltage at first or second node.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a medical probe tracking system includes a first probe, a magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field, and processing circuitry to measure first electrical currents between body surface electrodes and first probe electrodes, receive magnetic position signals from a magnetic field sensor of a second probe, compute first position coordinates of the first probe in a first coordinate frame responsively to distribution of the first electrical currents, render an initial 3D representation of the first probe in the first coordinate frame and then compute a current-position map with respect to a second coordinate frame defined by the magnetic field generator, find a transformation between the first and second coordinate frames, apply the transformation to the first position coordinates yielding second position coordinates, and render a modified 3D representation of the first probe according to the second position coordinates in the second coordinate frame.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for wireless capsule endoscope with adaptive frame rate, comprising: a recorder data processor to filter the first posture information of a capsule endoscope and the second posture information of a portable recorder to obtain a quaternion p0 of the first posture information and a quaternion p1 of the second posture information, and to calculate an interpolated median s0 between p0 and p1 at time t0, and an interpolated median s1 between p?0 and p?1 at time t1; the recorder data processor also calculates a difference diff0 between the interpolated median s0 and s1, and works out the dot product of the difference diff0 and unit quaternion [1, 0, 0, 0].

Abstract: A method includes, receiving from a calibration probe multiple data points acquired in an organ of a patient, each data point including (i) a respective position of the calibration probe, and (ii) a respective set of electrical values indicative of respective impedances between the position and multiple electrodes attached externally to the patient. A mapping between sets of the electrical values and respective positions in the organ is constructed, by performing for each received data point: if the mapping already contains one or more existing data points in a predefined vicinity of the data point, the one or more existing data points are adjusted responsively to the received data point, and if the predefined vicinity does not contain any existing data points, the received data point is added to the mapping. A position of a medical probe is subsequently tracked in the organ using the mapping.

Abstract: Systems and methods for visualization of a surgical site are disclosed. An imaging device provides image data of the surgical site. A computing device detects, in the image data, at least one obstruction. The computing device filters the image data to remove the at least one obstruction by being configured to alter pixels related to the at least one obstruction based on at least one of (i) one or more buffered frames and (ii) one or more pixels adjacent to the pixels related to the at least one obstruction. The computing device generates an output from the filtered image data. A display device presents the output for visualization of the surgical site.

Abstract: A guidewire insertion tool configured to measure a length of an anatomic region. The tool can include a housing, a light chamber, and a track at least partially extending through the light chamber. The track is adapted to guide a guidewire as it is advanced through the insertion tool. The tool can also include an optical sensor assembly in optical communication with the light chamber. The optical sensor assembly can include one or more light sources, an optical sensor, and a magnifier. The one or more light sources can be adapted to direct light toward a portion of the guidewire within the track, and the optical sensor can be adapted to receive reflected light from the portion of the guidewire within the tract. A processing unit can analyze data from the optical sensor assembly to determine the length of the anatomic region and output the measurement to a display.

Abstract: A method includes registering a fluoroscopic imaging system and a position tracking system to a common frame of reference. A region of interest is marked in a patient body by the position tracking system. Using the common frame of reference, a field of view of the fluoroscopic imaging system is set such that the region of interest appears in the field of view.

Abstract: A method for controlling x-ray frame rate of an imaging system for a catheter procedure system includes generating a first control signal that indicates a first frame rate and providing the first control signal to an imaging system. The imaging system obtains a first set of images at the first frame rate based on the first control signal. At least one parameter of a catheter procedure performed by the catheter procedure system is determined and a second control signal is generated based on the at least one parameter of the catheter procedure. The second control signal indicates a second frame rate. The second control signal is provides to the imaging system to adjust the first frame rate to the second frame rate. The imaging system obtains a second set of images at the second frame rate and displays the second set of images on a display.

Abstract: Localization array position determination in a treatment room coordinate system is described. A method may include imaging, using an imaging system, a position of one or more markers integrated with a localization array in a treatment room and transforming the position of the one or more markers to a treatment room coordinate system. The method also includes determining the position of the localization array in the treatment room coordinate system based on the transforming.

Abstract: A manipulator system includes: a manipulator including an elongated flexible section, a movable section provided at a distal end of the flexible section, and a driver that is provided at a proximal end of the flexible section and that drives the movable section; an insertion section having a channel into which the manipulator is inserted; an advancing/retreating section that advances/retreats the manipulator and that causes the movable section of the manipulator to protrude from, and to be withdrawn into, a distal end of the channel; a protrusion-state acknowledgement section that acknowledges a protrusion state in which an entirety of the movable section protrudes from the distal end of the channel; and a restricting section that, when the protrusion state is acknowledged with the protrusion-state acknowledgement section, restricts further retreating motion of the driver performed by the advancing/retreating section.

Abstract: Electrophysiological signals from a graphical representation of an electrophysiology map including a plurality of electrophysiology data points can be sorted by receiving user inputs specifying a number of virtual electrodes for a virtual catheter and defining a pathway of the virtual catheter. A corresponding number of virtual electrodes can be defined on the pathway of the virtual catheter, and one or more electrophysiology data points relevant to electrical activity at the virtual electrodes can be identified, allowing output of a graphical representation of electrophysiological signals corresponding to the identified electrophysiology data points. Relevant electrophysiology data points can be identified by applying one or more relevance criterion, such as a distance criterion, a bipole orientation criterion, a time criterion, and/or a morphology criterion.

Abstract: Systems and methods of radiograph correction and visualization are disclosed. Certain embodiments provide a method for generating a 3D model of at least part of one anatomical object based on one or more radiographs. The method further includes positioning the 3D model based on information indicative of a normalized projection comprising information indicative of a desired position and orientation of the at least part of one anatomical object with respect to the projection plane. The method further includes generating a 2D projection of the 3D model onto the projection plane. The method further includes generating one or more modified radiographs of the at least part of one anatomical object based on the 2D projection.

Abstract: A technology is described for using a medical implement or a fluoroscopic image with reference to an image data set and a body of a person. A method may include detecting visual image data of a body of a patient and a medical implement. The optical codes on the body of the patient and on the medical implement may be identified. One operation is aligning the image data set with the body of the person using one or more optical codes on the body of the person and the fixed position of an image visible marker with respect to the optical code. A position of the medical implement with respect to the body of the person may be determined using one or more optical codes on the medical implement and the body of the person to reference the medical implement to the image data set and the body of the person.

Abstract: A system for tracking a femoral frame of reference in computer-assisted surgery comprises a sensor unit. The sensor unit is adapted to be secured to the femur. The sensor unit comprises accelerometer and gyroscope sensors that produce orientation data. A processing unit receives gyroscope and accelerometer data. The processing unit comprises a gyroscope-data calculator to provide calculated acceleration data resulting from movements of the femur, an accelerometer-data calculator to calculate measured acceleration data resulting from movements of the femur, and an acceleration comparator to relate an orientation of the sensor unit to the femur to define a femoral frame of reference. The femoral frame of reference is defined from the comparison between the calculated and the measured acceleration data. A sensor orientation interface provides orientation data for the femur from a tracking of the femoral frame of reference. A method for tracking a femoral frame of reference is also provided.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for navigation-assisted medical devices. Some aspects relate to correlating features of depth information generated based on captured images of an anatomical luminal network with virtual features of depth information generated based on virtual images of a virtual representation of the anatomical luminal network in order to automatically determine aspects of a roll of a medical device within the luminal network.

Abstract: A surgical system includes a surgical tool and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to provide a plurality of virtual haptic interaction points where each virtual haptic interaction point is associated with a portion of the surgical tool such that movement of the surgical tool corresponds to movement of the plurality of virtual haptic interaction points, establish a haptic object that defines a working boundary for the surgical tool, and constrain at least one of the portions of the surgical tool based on a relationship between at least one of the plurality of virtual haptic interaction points and the haptic object.

Abstract: A method, system and computer programs for computing simultaneous rectilinear paths using medical images are disclosed. The method comprises receiving a 3D medical image comprising voxels representing a volume of an anatomical region of a patient and a preliminary path determined by two points traversing said 3D medical image, wherein said 3D medical image has segmented therein at least one area of interest, the preliminary path comprising a security zone with a given distance; computing a distance map of said area of interest and mapping its voxels to a first value or to a second value depending on a distance threshold, the latter being equal to said given distance of the security zone; selecting the voxels having said second value and projecting them using a frustum that projects the preliminary path onto a single point, to obtain a 2D projected image that includes a plurality of rectilinear paths.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various systems and methods for an improved minimally invasive surgical tracking system. As disclosed herein, a computer assisted surgical system (CASS) may include an internal tracking device that obtains relative locational data of one or more surgical tools not trackable via a global tracking system. The internal tracking device having an external portion that is trackable global tracking system. Based on the known characteristics and location of the internal tracking device the CASS determines the location of the one or more surgical tools relative to the patient and other objects in the operating room.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to medical imaging systems that instantly and/or automatically detect borders. Embodiments of the invention provide an imaging system that automatically detects a border at a location within a vessel in response only to navigational input moving the image to that location. In some embodiments, systems and methods of the invention operate such that when a doctor moves an imaging catheter to a new location with in tissue, the system essentially instantly finds, and optionally displays, the border(s), calculates an occlusion, or both.

Abstract: A method comprises generating an image of a set of connected passageways of a patient anatomy and modeling the set of connected passageways of the patient anatomy as a structure of linked bounded-surface elements. The method also comprises receiving position information for a point on an instrument indicating a position of the point relative to the connected passageways and generating adjusted position information for the point including comparing the received position information to the structure of linked bounded-surface elements. The method also comprises creating an adjusted instrument image with the adjusted position information and generating a composite image including the image of the set of connected passageways and the adjusted instrument image.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a real-time surgery method and apparatus for displaying a stereoscopic augmented view of a patient from a static or dynamic viewpoint of the surgeon, which employs real-time three-dimensional surface reconstruction for preoperative and intraoperative image registration. Stereoscopic cameras provide real-time images of the scene including the patient. A stereoscopic video display is used by the surgeon, who sees a graphical representation of the preoperative or intraoperative images blended with the video images in a stereoscopic manner through a see-through display.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including a tube configured to traverse a subject's aortic valve. A frame is disposed within a portion of the tube, and an impeller is disposed inside the tube such that, when the impeller and the tube are deployed inside the subject, a gap between an outer edge of the impeller and an inner surface of the tube is less than 1 mm. The impeller rotates such as to pump blood from the left ventricle to the aorta, and is stabilized with respect to the tube, such that, during rotation of the impeller, the gap between the outer edge of the impeller and the inner surface of the tube is maintained. The impeller includes at least one impeller blade defined by a helical elongate element, and a film of material supported by the helical elongate element. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: A surgical system includes a surgical tool associated with a virtual haptic interaction point such that movement of the virtual haptic interaction point corresponds to movement of the surgical tool. The surgical system further includes a processing circuit to establish a virtual entry boundary and activate a haptic object, which constrains the surgical tool after the haptic interaction point crosses the virtual entry boundary.

Abstract: A system and method for image guidance providing improved perception of a display object in a rendered scene for medical device navigation. The system can receive emplacement information associated with a medical device and determine an emplacement of a display object associated with the medical device. The system can further identify a selected surface of the display object and cause a display to display a selective-transparency rendering of the selected surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system of visualizing a first sensed shape of a first elongated device (14) having a first) length and a second sensed shape of a second elongated device (16) having a second length. The first elongated device (14) and the second elongated device (16) are physically linked to one another over at least a part (28) of the first and second lengths. The first sensed shape and the second sensed shape have been obtained independently of each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mirror display system. The mirror display system includes a sensor module, a mirror display including an optical mirror and a display, and at least one control circuit electrically connected to the sensor module and the mirror display, wherein the at least one control circuit may determine a first angle value indicating a graze direction of a user reflected in the optical mirror through the sensor module, determine a distance value between a subject reflected in the optical mirror and the mirror display, determine a depth value of the subject on the mirror display based on the first angle value and the distance value, and display an object having a depth value corresponding to the depth value of the subject through the display.

Abstract: Provided is a device for elasticity detection, comprising a processor (1), an imaging device (2), an ultrasonic transducer (3) and a puncturing device (4). The ultrasonic transducer (3) is connected to the processor (1) and is configured to detect and obtain morphology characteristic information and elasticity characteristic information of a tissue. The imaging device (2) is connected to the processor (1) and is configured to obtain a morphology image and an elasticity image of the tissue according to the morphology characteristic information and the elasticity characteristic information, respectively, under the control of the processor (1), and merge and display the elasticity image in the morphology image. The puncturing device (4) is connected to the processor (1) and is configured to determine a puncture position according to guidance of the merged image and perform a puncturing and sampling on the tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus for the ultrasound guided refilling of a drug delivery pump includes an ultrasound imaging transducer having a nosepiece and a support device coupled to the nosepiece of the ultrasound imaging transducer. The support device can have two support holes whose centers are positioned along a horizontal axis of the support device. A marker can be placed in each of the two support holes. The vertical axis of the ultrasound imaging transducer coincides with the vertical axis of the support device. When imaging using this apparatus and the port inlet of the pump is visualized using the ultrasound transducer, two primary marks on skin can be created by inserting a marker into the support holes. The apparatus can then be rotated around its vertical axis, and a marker again inserted into the support holes to create two secondary marks. The inlet port of the pump is then marked at the intersection of lines which connects the primary marks and respectively the secondary marks.

Abstract: A method for improving the accuracy of a digital medical model of a part of a patient, the method includes obtaining a set of at least 2 medical images of the patient, where an element including a predefined geometry and/or predefined information was attached to the patient during the recording of the medical images; obtaining at least 2 tracking images taken with at least one camera having a known positional relationship relative to the medical imaging device, the tracking images depicting at least part of the element; determining any movement of the element between acquisition of the at least 2 tracking images; and generating the digital medical model from the acquired medical images, wherein the determined movement of the element is used to compensate for any movement of the patient between the acquisition of the medical images.

Abstract: Systems and methods for femoral medial condyle spherical center identification and tracking are described herein. Once the spherical center of the medial condyle is identified, the spherical center is tracked using a pin or internal reference. The spherical center may be used to provide a key kinematic motion reference, such as when the medial condyle is adjusted during a surgical procedure. The tracking may be used to provide optical tracking, inertial tracking, or other tracking. In contrast with surface-mounted optical trackers, the spherical center tracking is not lost during resection (e.g., removal) of a bone surface. Tracking the medial condyle spherical center may reduce or eliminate the need for a surface-mounted optical tracker or preoperative 3-D modeling or of the joint.

Abstract: A medical device can be localized by providing at least three non-colinear localization elements (e.g., electrodes) thereon. Once placed in a non-ionizing localization field, three adjacent localization elements, at least one of which will typically be a spot electrode, may be selected, and the non-ionizing localization field may be used to measure their locations. A cylinder is defined to fit the measured locations of the selected localization elements. The cylinder is rotationally oriented using the measured location of a spot electrode. Location and rotational attitude information may be used to construct a three-dimensional representation of the medical device within the localization field. The electrodes may be provided on the medical device or on a sheath into which the medical device is inserted. The invention also provides systems and methods for identifying and calibrating deflection planes where the medical device and/or sheath are deflectable.

Abstract: A processor of a general-purpose terminal acquires position information indicating whether a biological body is punctured from a first side of an ultrasonic probe apparatus or a second side opposite to the first side and angle information indicating a puncture angle, where these items of information are entered on a touch panel of a display, transmits these items of information to the probe apparatus via a wireless communication circuit, acquires, via the communication circuit, image information generated and transmitted by the probe apparatus based on reflected waves obtained by transmitting ultrasonic waves into the biological body from the probe apparatus at a first angle based on the above information, superimposes a puncture guide indicating a puncture path based on the above information on an ultrasonic image of the biological body or a puncture needle based on the image information, and displays a result of the superimposing on the display.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing a discectomy are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a surgical tool for use in a therapeutic treatment of a patient includes a handle; an upper arm coupled to the handle; a lower arm coupled to the handle; a pivot arm coupled to one of the upper arm or the lower arm via a first pivot pin; and an end effector pivotably coupled to the pivot arm via a second pivot pin, wherein actuation of the handle causes movement of the pivot arm and articulation of the end effector.

Abstract: Presented are methods and systems for determining, monitoring, and displaying the relative positioning of two rigid bodies during surgery. In particular, the present disclosure relates to methods and systems for positioning a prosthesis relative to a bone during a surgery as well as to systems and methods for verifying resulting relative positioning of adjacent bones.

Abstract: An optical tracking system includes at least one tracking array for generating and optically transmitting data between 1 and 2,000 MB/s. At least one tracker for optically receiving the optically transmitted data between 1 and 2,000 MB/s is also provided. The tracking system is used not only for tracking objects and sending tracking information quickly but also providing the user or other components in an operating room with additional data relevant to an external device such as a computer assisted device. Orthopedic surgical procedures such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are performed more efficiently and with better result with the optical tracking system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein that can allow for wirelessly powering and/or communicating with a sterile-packed electronic device without removing the electronic device from its sterile packaging and while maintaining the sterility of the electronic device. In some embodiments, a base station with a power transmitter wirelessly transfers power to a power receiver of the electronic device, for example using inductive, capacitive, or ultrasonic coupling. The base station or another external device can also be used to wirelessly program or interrogate the electronic device. Battery charging circuits and switching circuits for use with said systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an eye-safe laser triangulation measurement system, including a laser transmitter, an optical projection apparatus, a laser beam capturing unit, a cooperation unit, and an image processing apparatus. The laser transmitter is configured to generate point pulse laser of a pulse laser beam. The optical projection apparatus is disposed at a front end of the laser transmitter, and is configured to convert the point pulse laser into a line laser. The laser beam capturing unit is configured to capture reflected light obtained by the line laser at a target position to obtain a laser image. The cooperation unit is configured to control on and off of the laser transmitter, and control capture of the laser beam capturing unit. The image processing apparatus is configured to perform 3D modeling on the laser image to obtain a distance to the target position.

Abstract: A surgical instrument comprises an outer sleeve including an inner surface that defines a cavity. An inner shaft is fixed with the outer sleeve and extends within the cavity. The inner shaft includes a drive engageable in a torque interface with a first mating surface of a bone fastener. An inner sleeve is disposed between the inner shaft and the outer sleeve. The inner sleeve is axially fixed and rotatable relative to the outer sleeve. The inner sleeve includes an element connectable in a connection interface with a second mating surface of the bone fastener. Systems, spinal implants and methods are disclosed.