Impact sensors and systems including impact sensors
An impact sensor system includes at least one impact sensor including at least a first conductive layer, at least a second conductive layer, and at least one insulating layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The insulating layer maintains the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in spaced, non-contacting relation. The first conducting layer and the insulating layer are deformable upon an impact to the first conducting layer such that separation between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer decreases upon an impact of a predefined nature. The impact sensor system also includes circuitry in connection with the impact sensor to measure a change in at least one electrical property of the impact sensor resulting from the decrease in the separation between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer. A body armor system to be worn by a person includes at least one section of body armor and at least one impact sensor associated with at least a section of the body armor.
This application claims priority on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/919,370 filed Mar. 23, 2007, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates generally to impact sensors and systems including such impact sensors and, particularly, to impact sensors and systems for use by personnel (such a law enforcement personnel, military personnel and the like) under conditions of potentially life-threatening impacts.
Ballistic resistant armor is used in many applications including, for example, protection of vehicles and persons from impacts from ballistic and other threats. Body armor to be worn on a person for protection from, for example, ballistic, knife, stab, spike and other threats, has been available for several decades. In general, body armor protects vital parts of the human torso against penetration and severe blunt trauma as, for example, generated by ballistic projectiles. Monolithic and multi-component ceramic plates have been used in a number of hard body armors (that is, body armors including hard projectile resistant components or plates). See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,253,655 and Canadian Patent No. 2,404,739, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Improved hard body armor systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,284,470, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Relatively soft or pliant body armor, providing increased comfort for the user, often includes ballistic panels or packages formed, for example, from DuPont's KEVLAR® ballistic grade fibers/fabrics. Improved soft body armor systems are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/405,221, filed Apr. 17, 2006, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Although both hard and soft body armor are quite effective in preventing penetration by ballistic threats, it would be desirable to provide an alarm to, for example, notify a command post or base in the case of a ballistic or other severe impact. In that regard, injuries to individuals equipped with body armor can and do occur, requiring that assistance be provided to such individual. Moreover, even absent an injury, an impact indicates that the individual is likely to be in need of immediate assistance.
Outside of the field of body armor, there have been a number of attempts to provide systems that sense when a wearer has been impacted by an object. For example, wearable piezoelectric force sensors have been used to detect the amount of force delivered to a competitor's body in martial arts competitions. See, for example, Chi, E. H., Introducing Wearable Force Sensors in Martial Arts, Pervasive Computing, IEEE CS (July-September 2005). In such systems, a body protector worn by a competitor is provided with such force sensors. Upon sensing an impact, a wireless transmitter sends a signal of the sensed impact to a judge's computer that scores and displays points.
Wearable force sensing systems have also been developed for use in the field of wearable computing. For example, ELEKTEX fabrics available form Eleksen Inc. of Waltham, Massachusetts have been used to form wearable, wireless fabric keyboards and controllers. The fabric operates by detecting changes in conductivity across an intricate web of conducting fibers through which current flow is maintained. A processor operating specialized software monitors the fabric, determining where deformations occur when the fabric is pressed.
Many currently available force sensor systems have power consumption requirements that make the sensor systems unsuitable for use in connection with mobile personnel, such as personnel equipped with body armor. Other types of force sensor systems are not suitably robust to provide reliable sensitivity in the case of, for example, a ballistic impact.
Thus, although wearable force and impact sensors have been developed in a number of fields, it remains desirable to develop a sensor system suitable for use by personnel under conditions of potentially life-threatening impacts, and particularly, by personnel equipped with body armor systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn one aspect, the present invention provides an impact sensor system including at least one impact sensor including at least a first conductive layer, at least a second conductive layer, and at least one insulating layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The insulating layer maintains the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in spaced, non-contacting relation. The first conducting layer and the insulating layer are deformable upon an impact (for example, an impact of a predefined nature such as of a predetermined force etc.) to the first conducting layer such that the separation between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer decreases upon the impact. The impact sensor system also includes circuitry in connection with the impact sensor to measure a change in at least one electrical property of the impact sensor resulting from the decrease in the separation between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer.
In one embodiment, at least a portion of the first conductive layer contacts the second conductive layer upon the impact. In such an embodiment, the impact sensor can operate in the manner of a switch and current flows through at least a portion of the circuitry only upon contact between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer. In another embodiment, the circuitry measures a change in capacitance of the impact sensor resulting from the decrease in the separation between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer.
The impact sensor system can further include at least a second insulating layer and at least a third conductive layer. The second insulating layer can be positioned between the third conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The second insulating layer maintains the third conductive layer and the second conductive layer in spaced, non-contacting relation. The second conducting layer and the second insulating layer are deformable upon an impact (for example, of a predefined nature) to the second conducting layer such that the separation between the second conducting layer and the third conducting layer decreases upon the impact. The circuitry can further be adapted to measure a change in at least one electrical property of the impact sensor resulting from the decrease in the separation between the second conducting layer and the third conducting layer.
In another embodiment, at least a portion of the second conductive layer contacts the third conductive layer upon the impact. In such an embodiment, the impact sensor can operate in the manner of a switch and current flows through at least a portion of the circuitry only upon contact between the second conducting layer and the third conducting layer. In another embodiment, the circuitry measures a change in capacitance of the impact sensor resulting from the decrease in the separation between the second conducting layer and the third conducting layer.
The impact sensor system can include a plurality of impact sensors positioned, for example, in a grid.
Insulating layers of the impact sensors of the present invention can, for example, have a thickness of less than 1 mm. Conducting layers separated by such insulating layers (for example, the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer) can, for example, have a thickness in the range of approximately 20 μm to approximately 1000 μm.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a switch including at least a first conductive layer, at least a second conductive layer and at least one insulating layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The insulating layer maintains the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in spaced, non-contacting relation. The first conducting layer and the insulating layer are deformable upon an impact or application of a force (for example, of a predefined nature) to the first conducting layer such that the first conducting layer contacts the second conducting layer upon the impact or the application of the force.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a system for detecting an impact to a person wearing the system, including an impact sensor as described above, at least one control system to monitor the impact sensor system and determine if an impact has occurred, and at least one communication system in operative connection with the control system. The communication system can, for example, be adapted to transmit a signal upon determination of an impact by the control system.
The control system can, for example, include a microprocessor. The communication system can, for example, include a cellular phone or radio module. The system can further include a recording system in operative connection with the control system. The recording system can, for example, be adapted to record environmental sounds upon determination of an impact by the control system.
The system can further include an actuator adapted to communicate an alarm via the communication system upon manual activation by the person.
The impact sensor can, for example, be adapted to sense penetration of the sensor by a projectile.
In several embodiments, the communication system includes a communication unit in connection with the control system. The communication unit includes a wireless transmitter to communicate with at least one other component of the communication system positioned remote from the communication unit. The communication system can, for example, further include a cellular phone or radio module positioned remote from the communication unit and including a wireless receiver to communicate with the communication unit.
In still a further aspect, the present invention provides a body armor system to be worn by a person, including at least one section of body armor and at least one impact sensor. The impact sensor can, for example, be an impact sensor as described above. The body armor system can further include at least one control system to monitor the impact sensor to determine if an impact has occurred. The body armor system can also further include a communication system in operative connection with the control system as described above.
In several embodiments of the present invention, a communication port can be provided in communicative connection with the control system which is adapted to be connected to a computer to enable entry of control data. Further an indicator such as an audio source (for example, a speaker) can be provided in operative connection with the control system to provide an alarm (for example, an audible alarm) upon determination of an impact by the control system or upon manual activation.
The present invention, along with the attributes and attendant advantages thereof, will best be appreciated and understood in view of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In several embodiments of the present invention, an impact sensor in, for example, the form of an open circuit, switch or capacitor provides efficient power consumption characteristics, suitable sensitivity and suitable robustness for use in connection with personnel (for example, law enforcement personnel, tactical squad personnel, SWAT personnel, military personnel etc.) under conditions of potentially life-threatening impacts. In that regard one embodiment of a system 10 of the present invention as illustrated in
In several embodiments of the present invention, first conductive layer 30 and second conductive layer 40 are maintained in spaced, non-contacting relation to each other via a deformable insulating layer 60 (that is, a layer of an insulating, nonconductive material) positioned between first conductive layer 30 and second conductive layer 40. Insulating layer 60 prevents contact of first conductive layer 30 with second conductive layer 40 under normal (nonimpact) conditions, thereby maintaining sensor 20 in the state of an open switch. Upon impact of a suitable force, insulating layer 60 deforms to, for example, allow contact of deforming first conductive layer 30 with second conductive layer 40.
Various materials can be used in conductive layers 30 and 40. For example, such materials can include flexible metallic sheets. Conductive woven fabrics (for example, metallic woven fabrics or metal-plated woven fabrics), conductive carbon materials, polymer/metal composite materials and conductive polymeric materials can also be used. Various insulating materials are also suitable for use in insulating layer 60. For example, various insulating woven fabrics, insulating gels, insulating polymeric materials (including, but not limited to, open-celled foams, polymeric sheets or films, resilient polymeric beads, polymeric fabrics and other polymeric materials) and/or other insulating materials can be used. As clear to one skilled in the art, the amount of force required to cause senor 20 to indicate an impact can be readily predetermined by choice of an insulating material of appropriate physical characteristics. In that regard, the thickness and deformability of insulating layer 60 determine the amount of impact force required to provide a sensed impact event such as illustrated in
In several studies of the present invention, sensor 20 included conductive layers 30 and 40 formed from sheets of aluminum separated by a plastic. In several, other studies of the present invention a commercially available, double-sided copper printed circuit board (PCB) material was used as sensor 20. The flexible PCB material was purchased from Cross and Bradley Ltd of the United Kingdom under part no. PCL3-17/25-FR, wherein the copper outer layers were 17 μm thick and the intermediated insulating layer was 25 μm thick. In still other studies, conductive fabric (fabric woven from metal—(for example, Ni, Cu, Ag, etc.) plated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers) available from Anjinelectron of Korea was used as the conductive outer layers and a thin layer of an insulating polymeric film was used as the insulating layer. The results set forth in
As illustrated, for example, in
Impact sensors for use in connection with body armor systems of the present invention can operate in a manner other than or take forms other than the open circuits or switches described above. In that regard, in several embodiments a change in capacitance can be measured. Such impact sensors can have a structure similar to the impact sensor 40 of
Alternatively, an impact sensor of the present invention can include material that generates a voltage upon an impact. For example, a body armor system of the present invention can include an impact sensor which can include a piezoelectric material (for example, a polyvinylidene fluoride or PVDF piezo film) adjacent body armor. The piezoelectric film can be a single film or sheet (as opposed to a laminate) that simply generates a voltage spike when the film, sheet or other form of impact sensor is deformed or stressed. It is not required to maintain a voltage across the film or sheet. The voltage generated by deformation or stress of the impact sensor can be used to, for example, trigger electronics to “wake up” and send an alarm signal (as described further below) if the voltage is, for example, above a certain threshold associated with an impact of a predetermined nature.
Still further, an impact sensor can measure shock waves resulting from an impact. Such an impact sensor can, for example, include a gel layer (for example a foam material filled or impregnated with a gel). When an impact occurs, a shock wave travels through the material (similar to the ripples produced in a pool of water after dropping a pebble therein). The impact sensor includes a sensor that monitors for such a shock wave. The sensor can, for example, include a piezoelectric element that is deformed by the arrival of the shock wave. Alternatively, the sensor can include a microphone. A threshold can, for example, be set to create an alarm signal upon detection of an impact of a predetermined nature.
Returning to
System 10 can further include a communication system 80 in communicative connection therewith. Communication system 80 is preferably operable to transmit a signal of an impact event back to a command post or base (for example, to a police station or central control in the case of a police officer equipped with sensor 20). In one embodiment, existing cellular phone infrastructure, represented by antennae 100, is used to transmit messages/information. Communication system 80 can, for example, include a dual-tone, multi-frequency (DTMF) decoder system 82 to effect tone dialing, which is used by most public switched telephone networks (PSTN) for number dialing and is also used to provide for transfer of small amounts of data. A cell phone module 84 in communicative connection with an antenna 86 can also be provided. Wireless broadband internet services can also be used as such become more commonly available. Wireless Enhanced 911 (E911) services can also be used in the present invention.
In another embodiment, an existing standard radio carried by first responders and other emergency personnel is used to transmit messages 200 and information from impact sensor 20. Communications module 210 is connected to radio 200 via the radio's remote speaker/microphone jack. Communications utilizes the radio's power. Upon incident microphone feed to the radio and broadcasts a user defined distress call and user location to a predefined radio channel while continuously recording live feed for a predetermined amount of time. User programming could be made possible via the use of a USB connection. Alternatively, the electronics for the communications module may be contained as a separate unit 200 that would then be interconnected to the police radio 200 by the remote speaker/microphone jack. This unit would further have the ability to be connected to a remote speaker/microphone 230 of the user's choice.
System 10 can, for example, include a communication port 81 (for example, a USB port or a wireless communication module) for connection of system 10 to a personal computer operating, for example, a general purpose operating system such as MICROSOFT WINDOWS® to program certain aspects of system 10 as described below. Communication port 81 can, for example, be part of communication system 80.
In addition to transmissions to a command post or base, communication system 80 can also communicate with other communication systems 80 in the vicinity thereof or range thereof in the case of an impact or penetration (such as a gunshot). Such communication can, for example, be effected via, a communication unit 80a (such as a radio frequency transmitter/transceiver as described further below) and can provide additional assurance that an alarm message will be received and acted upon quickly. Communication unit 80a can, for example, send a signal that can be received by all like systems 10 in the range thereof.
In another embodiment, an existing standard radio carried by first responders and other emergency personnel is used to transmit messages 200 and information from impact sensor 20. Communications module 210 is connected to radio 200 via the radio's remote speaker/microphone jack. Communications module 200 utilizes the radio's power. Upon incident notification from sensor 20, the module 210 intermittently intercepts the microphone feed to the radio and broadcasts a user defined distress call and user location to a predefined radio channel while continuously recording live feed for a predetermined amount of time. User programming could be made possible via the use of a USB connection. Alternatively, the electronics for the communications module may be contained as a separate unit 220 that would then be interconnected to the police radio 200 by the remote speaker/microphone jack. This unit would further have the ability to be connected to a remote speaker/microphone 230 of the user's choice.
In several embodiments, communication system 80, or a portion thereof, as described above was remote from, but in wireless communication with, other electronics of system 10. As illustrated, for example, in
Wireless communication unit 80a can, for example, operate similar to a vehicle key fob that communicates via radio frequency (RF) transmission to a vehicle (for example, a car). Such devices require very little power. Indeed, batteries used in such devices rarely if ever require changing. Each system 10 can have its own serial code or other unique identifier.
Communication system 80 can, for example, “learn” to which system 10 it is associated. In one embodiment, system 10 can be supplied with a label having a unique serial number thereon. When one or more systems 10 arrive at a destination (for example, a police station, a military post etc.) system 10 can be connected (for example, via USB cable via a wireless connection) to a computer and all the relevant data installed from the computer, including, for example, the system serial numbers, the telephone numbers for the text and voice messages, and pre-recorded voice messages (see
In another embodiment, a switch 82a was placed in communicative connection with communication unit 80a. When system 10 is shipped from the manufacturer, communication unit 80a in system 10 can, for example, be in a non-transmitting mode. This mode or state can, for example, assist in maintaining battery charge. Moreover, regulations may not permit air shipment if communication unit 80a of system 10 is in a transmitting mode. Upon arrival at its final destination, communication unit 80a can be activated by actuating switch 82a. In several embodiments, when communication system 80 is placed in communication (for example, via a USB connection) to a computer, and switch 82a is actuated (whether or not it has been previously actuated), communication unit 80a transmits a short burst of RF energy, providing the serial number and/or other information associated with system 10. This procedure makes bar coding or other labeling of the transmitted information by the manufacturer unnecessary and avoids the need for a corresponding bar code reader (or other sensor/reader system) at the customers site.
Positioning communication system 80 remote from the remainder of system 10 can, for example, provide a number of advantages. For example, communication system 80 can be relatively large in comparison to other components and it can be difficult to position communication system 80 on or within body armor 200 without causing inconvenience to the user. This is particularly the case if communications system 80 is a radio. Moreover, remote positioning of communication system 80 can simplify wiring and reliability of components associated with body armor 200. Furthermore, given the low power requirements of other components of system 10, battery 50 can, for example, be sealed and not be replaceable. Communication system 80 can include its own power source 88 (for example, a battery). Battery 88 can be a replaceable and/or rechargeable battery. Battery 88 can remain operable over an extended period (for example, in excess of one year). In several embodiments, communication system 80 senses when battery 88 is low in charge (using sensing systems as known in the art), and communicates a signal to, for example, a command or base station that battery 88 should be replaced.
System 10 can also include one or more subsystems to monitor the state of system 10. In one embodiment as illustrated in
In cases in which commercial cellular phone communications networks are used, text or voice charges can be avoided for system test transmissions by having communication system 80 call a predetermined or fixed telephone number and then hanging up before that number is answered. However, the receiving telephone can log or otherwise note the incoming number using systems and methods known in the communication arts.
In another embodiment, cell phone module 84 of communication system 80 can, for example, be programmed to call the predetermined telephone number and hang up as described above. Manual activation can also be made possible. The receiving phone system can, upon receipt of the call, call back the telephone number associated with communication system 80. Upon making a connection (for example, after a few rings) the calling phone can hang up. This receipt of the call signal by communication system 80 completes the test of system 10 and of communication system 80. Upon successful completion of such a test, an indication such as a green LED on cell phone module 84 of communication system 80 or other indication can be activated, thereby indicating that the test was completed successfully. If a problem had been detected, (for example, one or more broken contacts, battery 50 determined to be low, etc.) then cell phone module 84 of communication system 80 does not make the call to the predetermined telephone number (or calls and does not hang up), thereby providing an indication of a problem. Further, the successful test indicator (for example, a green LED on cell phone module 84) will not be activated and the user will know there is a problem.
In another embodiment, cell phone module 84 can be programmed to call a specific telephone number periodically (for example, every 24 hours). As described above, it can be programmed to (if there is no fault or problem) hang up after, for example, two rings. In this embodiment, the command or home base can be equipped with a phone system 300 (see
Alternatively, text and/or voice messaging available from commercial cellular phone services can be used in such self testing methodologies.
It is possible that sensor 20 can be inadvertently or accidentally impacted, penetrated or punctured. In several embodiments, an alarm procedure was initiated upon such an event as described above. Further, an indication or local alarm that is detectible by the user was also initiated. For example, an alarm such as an audible alarm via an audio source 78 (for example, a speaker) could be initiated. Further, communication unit 80 can be provided with a vibrating mechanism 89 (as known, in the cellular phone arts) that can, for example, vibrate every few seconds (for, example, every 15 seconds) to indicate to the user that an alarm call was in progress. In this manner, the user gains comfort knowing that an emergency call had been transmitted. Further, if the incident arose from a false alarm (for example, an inadvertent puncture of sensor 20), the user could call in to the command post or base to cancel the associated alarm, thereby avoiding a substantial backup and/or rescue operation.
In several studies of the present invention, the control system and communication system included an MC56 GSM Modem (US triband version) available from Siemens, a PIC micontroller (PIC 16F6520), an ISD4001 sound recording chip, an MT88L70 DTMF tone decoder (Mitel Semiconductor), an SSM2167 Audio VOGAD (Voice Operated Gain Adjusting Device) (Analog Devices), a CP2102 USB interface (silicon laboratories), power regulators, an electret microphone, a dual band 800/1900 MHz antenna, and an SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card and holder.
Any number of system operation and communication schemes can be used in the present invention. For example, in one embodiment, microphone 76 begins recording upon sensing of an impact event as described above. Upon establishing a communication link with a base, a text SOS message can be sent via, for example, short message service (SMS) available via cellular phone service to one or multiple recipients. A prerecorded voice message can also be sent to the base. Spoken identification of the system can facilitate operator understanding of an alarm without the need for or intervention of computers, databases etc. Likewise, a predetermined amount of the environmental recording initiated upon sensing the impact event can also be transmitted. After transmission of any recording or immediately upon forming a connection, microphone 76 can be used to transmit live sound/voice. Sound recording of the incident can, however, continue. Two-way communications can also be established via cell phone module 84. Cell phone module 84 can also be used to send information via the Internet or a wireless Internet connection can be made directly via, for example, processor 72 and attendant hardware as known in the art.
Cellular phone module 84 and radio 200 can also be used as a locator (using triangulation methods known in the art). Other location system such as GPS etc. can additionally or alternatively be used. An alarm can also be sounded via a audio source 78 to assist in locating the individual wearing sensor 20.
Various cell phone protocols including GSM, CDMA, GPRS, UMTS, PCS and others can be used in the present invention. GSM, for example, typically provides relatively fast connect times. It is used widely in Europe and is gaining in popularity in the United States.
While the present invention has generally been described in connection with a communications system that includes a cellular phone, the communications in the present invention can additionally or alternatively be effected via a radio system and as is commonly carried by police and other emergency personnel. As illustrated in
In addition to establishing a communication link upon sensing of an impact event as described above, a silent alarm/communication link can also be established manually via a manual actuator 92 to send a silent alarm should the individual equipped with system 10 be in need of assistance.
The foregoing description and accompanying drawings set forth the preferred embodiments of the invention at the present time. Various modifications, additions and alternative designs will, of course, become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing teachings without departing from the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is indicated by the following claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes and variations that fall within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims
1-4. (canceled)
5. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one impact sensor comprises a plurality of electrically-separated impact sensors arranged in a grid, wherein each electrically-separated impact sensor of the plurality of electrically-separated impact sensors corresponds to a region of anatomy of a wearer that wears the body armor system.
6-8. (canceled)
9. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the control system comprises a microprocessor.
10. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising
- a sound recording system in operative connection with the control system.
11. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising
- a manually-operable alarm actuator communicatively-coupled to the communication system.
12. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein each of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layers include a flexible material, wherein the flexible material includes a metallic sheet, conductive woven fibers, a conductive carbon material, a polymer/metal composite material, or a conductive polymeric material.
13. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the communication system comprises:
- a transmitter unit communicatively-coupled to the control system, wherein the transmitter unit includes a wireless transmitter that is communicatively-coupled with one or more of a local receiver and a remote receiver.
14. An apparatus, comprising:
- a body armor system including: at least one panel section of ballistic resistant armor and at least one impact sensor positioned outside of and adjacent to at least a panel section of ballistic resistant armor; wherein the at least one impact sensor includes a multi-layer structure having a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and an insulating layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein an overall thickness of the multi-layer structure includes an entire thickness of each of: the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer and the insulating layer, wherein the multi-layer structure is arrangeable in one of: a non-impact orientation, and an impact orientation, wherein the non-impact orientation includes the insulating layer including a substantially constant thickness that maintains the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in a spaced-apart, non-contacting relationship without upsetting the overall thickness of the multi-layer structure, wherein the impact orientation includes a portion of the insulating layer not maintaining the spaced-apart, non-contacting relationship of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer such that a portion of the first conductive layer directly contacts a portion of the second conductive layer, wherein the impact orientation of the multi-layer structure includes one of: a non-pierced orientation and a pierced orientation, wherein the pierced orientation includes a passage that extends through the overall thickness of the multi-layer structure, wherein the entire thickness of the insulating layer is not constant when the multi-layer structure is arranged in the non-pierced orientation, wherein the body armor system further comprising circuitry in connection with the impact sensor and control system.
15-16. (canceled)
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the portion of the first conductive layer directly contacting the portion of the second conductive layer, the first conductive layer is in electrical communication with the second conductive layer.
18. The body armor system of claim 14 wherein the insulating layer includes a woven fabric, an insulating gel, an open-celled foam, a polymeric sheet or resilient polymeric beads.
19. The apparatus claim 14 further comprising
- a third conductive layer, and
- a second insulating layer disposed between the third conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
20. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising
- a communication system communicatively-coupled to the control system.
21. (canceled)
22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the communication system includes a communication port that communicatively-couples the control system to a computer.
23. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the entire thickness of the first conductive layer is between approximately about 20 to 1000 μm, wherein the first conductive layer is formed from a malleable conductive material, wherein the entire thickness of the insulating layer is less than approximately about 1 mm.
24. A method, comprising the steps of:
- providing at least one impact sensor of a body armor unit including: a first flexibly-malleable conductive layer, a second flexibly-malleable conductive layer, and a flexibly-malleable insulating layer disposed between the first flexibly-malleable conductive layer and the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer;
- maintaining a non-impact orientation of the at least one impact sensor by utilizing the flexibly-malleable insulating layer to retain the first flexibly-malleable conductive layer and the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer in a spaced-apart, non-contacting relationship;
- malleably-deforming the at least one impact sensor by flexibly-moving the first flexible conducting layer through an entire thickness of each of the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer and the flexibly-malleable insulating layer such that the flexibly-malleable insulating layer fails to maintain the first flexibly-malleable conductive layer in the spaced-apart, non-contacting relationship with respect to the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer such that a portion of the first flexibly-malleable conductive layer directly contacts a portion of the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer;
- communicative-coupling circuitry with the at least one impact sensor; and
- utilizing the circuitry for detecting and communicating a change in at least one electrical property resulting from the portion of the first flexibly-malleable conductive layer directly contacting the portion of the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the at least one impact sensor includes a plurality of electrically-separated impact sensors arranged in a grid, the method further comprising the step of:
- associating each electrically-separated impact sensor of the plurality of impact sensors with a region of anatomy of a wearer that wears the body armor unit.
26. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of:
- communicatively-coupling a recording system to the at least one impact sensor; and
- recording environmental sounds upon the portion of the first flexibly-malleable conductive layer directly contacting the portion of the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer.
27. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of:
- communicatively-coupling a manually-operable alarm actuator to the at least one impact sensor; and
- transmitting an alarm upon manual activation of the manually-operable alarm actuator.
28. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of:
- communicatively-coupling a communication system to the at least one impact sensor; and
- transmitting a signal to a receiver upon the portion of the first flexibly-malleable conductive layer directly contacting the portion of the second flexibly-malleable conductive layer.
29. (canceled)
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 14, 2008
Publication Date: Aug 9, 2012
Inventors: Eric J. Beck (Valencia, PA), Peter A. Frank (London), Terry G. Giles (Purley), James A. Hendrickson (Freedom, PA)
Application Number: 12/075,935
International Classification: F41H 1/02 (20060101);