AUTOMATED VEHICLE CONVEYANCE APPARATUS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
The Personal Mass Transit (PMT) system utilizes a removable vehicle conveyance apparatus and method for conveying transit vehicle car-pods and their contents from one transit station to another autonomously. Vehicle conveyance apparatus are stored off-line in storage silos and other areas awaiting on-demand transit system instruction to pickup vehicles at loading points and convey them to different stations as requested by occupants or pre-programmed instructions. The PMT system further utilizes a number of transmitter-receivers nodes and control computers to manage all aspects of operation of the transportation system. Any number of different types of PMT vehicles could ride the transit system when equipped with the correct coupling points and remain under the maximum combined curb weight of any particular area or type of transit track in order to be transported on the PMT system.
Applicant claims the benefit of priority of prior, co-pending provisional application Ser. No. 61/556,741, filed Nov. 7, 2011, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTIONThe invention disclosed herein relates in general to the field of transportation, and more particularly, to the autonomous conveyance of vehicles carrying people and commerce along tracks using detachable, self-conveyed apparatus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONPublic mass transit is a good way to move a lot of people at one time. Established modes of public transportation are reliable and convenient for many daily transit riders. Except during the busiest of commute hours, seats are available and the mass transit systems run on time. If a rider wants to go somewhere, they simply walk to a bus stop or train station at a specific time, pay a transit fee, get on-board, and the transit ensues. Schedules are set at specific intervals and carriages are usually big enough to accommodate sitting and standing riders in the same place. While this is the established mode of public transportation, a better public mass transit system would allow riders to choose their own departure time and provide a way to get to and from the transit station.
Recently, new types of on-demand car rentals systems have come of age. For a modest price, you can pick-up a car from a local parking lot and use it for as long as you want and then return it to a parking lot. This makes getting to and from places easier and circumvents the burden of owning a car. An on-demand car, however, does not prevent the driver from sitting in grid-lock during rush hour or give drivers any added incentive to ride public mass transit. Public mass transit also suffers from a proximity issue; people simply do not like to sit next to people they do not know. In America, as well as most other countries, people do not like to share their personal space and will gladly add hours to a daily commute in order to prevent it. While personal space would be considered an important reason daily commuters do not use public mass transportation, waiting for the scheduled arrivals and departures of trains, buses and streetcars can discourage mass transportation for most would-be riders. In addition, the roads are clogged with people in cars, the freeways are overcrowded with commuters spending countless hours sitting in stop and go traffic and public mass transportation systems are still based on large carriages carrying large amounts of people crowded together in the same place. Even the few on-demand systems being developed suffer from the fact that the transportation pods crowd the rail system while not in use, thus, forcing the rail system to secure large amounts of pod storage space. As self-driving, self-aware, vehicles take to the streets in the near future, not even they can overcome the overcrowded expressways. Many auto companies have started to adopt the new self-aware automobile safety features; cars that stop on their own, cars that warn the driver of impending danger or even wake a sleepy driver are all on the market as features. While this will make the commute safer, it will not solve the problems of crowded public mass transit or congested freeways.
SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIPTIONThe automated vehicle conveyance apparatus transportation system is an on-demand transportation system to convey people and commerce along a network of transit closed tracks comprised of removable self-propelled vehicle conveyance apparatus, removable self-propelled vehicle car-pods, loading and unloading stations, transit tracks, off-line apparatus storage silos, area network computer control and monitoring systems.
The automated vehicle conveyance apparatus system is also known as Personal Mass Transit (PMT). Personal Mass Transit is an automated, on-demand, mass transit system utilizing a plurality of removable vehicle conveyance apparatus, a plurality of removable vehicle car-pods with system interfaces, a plurality of local and wide-area network tracks, a plurality of track switching systems, a plurality of computer control systems, a plurality of vehicle tracking systems, a plurality of back-up systems, a plurality of off-line conveyance apparatus storage silos, a reservation system and an all-weather track shroud with built-in solar collectors. The PMT system safely and efficiently moves people and their belongings from a departure station to a destination station in vehicle car-pods, which are temporarily coupled to a vehicle conveyance apparatus. Drivers become riders as each individual car-pod is conveyed autonomously while coupled to a vehicle conveyance apparatus along the transit track. In one embodiment of the automated vehicle conveyance transit system, riders drive a car-pod to a transit station where they are coupled to a vehicle conveyance apparatus that is suspended from an elevated transit track, where the vehicle conveyance apparatus is autonomously loaded onto the transit track network and conveyed to the destination station chosen by the rider.
In this embodiment, the car-pods are not stored on the transit track system, which lessens the environmental impact or need to secure large amounts of storage space in crowded urban areas or build-out large storage tracks. Even in suburban areas, where large amounts of transit vehicle storage space might be easier to secure, the large amounts of storage space for the car-pods is not needed. Each car-pod is only temporarily coupled to the vehicle conveyance apparatus allowing the car-pod to drive to a transit station for loading and drive away from the destination station once it is unloaded.
In one embodiment, the transit traffic using the PMT system is on-demand, because there are is not a schedule or timeline to adhere to. Commuters arrive at a transit load-point in a car-pod and are loaded onto the transit track network for automated, hands-free, transportation. This can save energy and environmental pollution by not operating unneeded buses or trains that run on pre-determined schedules. This is because each car-pod navigates the transit system as needed. In addition, the vehicle conveyance apparatus can exit the transit tracks and move to storage silos where the vehicle conveyance apparatus stack vertically one on top of the other. The vehicle conveyance apparatus stacking further minimizes environmental impact on surrounding areas and eliminates the need to secure large amounts of on-line carriage storage of car-pod space. Other on-demand transit systems have been proposed, but no solution has been found to relieve the urban and suburban area storage space issue. Previous on-demand transit systems require on-line storage of trains or transit carriages without regard to overall system impact, convenience, or cost.
The space saving nature of the PMT system is further illustrated because the vehicle conveyance apparatus storage silos can be built as high or dug as deep as needed to service a particular area of the transit system while also keeping the conveyance apparatus close to transit load and unload points. Not requiring large amounts of on-line vehicle conveyance apparatus storage space also allows for the loading and unloading stations to be modest in size, because the loading and unloading vehicle conveyance apparatus points need not be greatly larger than the size of the transit car-pod being conveyed and track it is loaded onto or off of.
In one embodiment, street drivable public and privately owned lightweight car-pods are utilized in the PMT. Currently, public mass transit systems are not designed to accommodate drivable car-pods regardless of ownership. Public car-pods would be available at public parking areas and the like, similar to modern membership-based car sharing systems, which turns any city into a giant parking lot for the transit system while also allowing for easy pickup and drop-off. In addition, drivable car-pods that can be parked any number of places helps to alleviate the last mile of transit problem. If a local mass transit system allowed a person to keep their seat once they arrived at the transit stop, that person could then drive their seat, in the form of a car-pod to their final destination and park it. Thus, the rider's journey is over when they say it is over, not before.
In one embodiment, the PMT system is a compact, lightweight, detachable, vehicle conveyance apparatus transportation system to move people and commerce autonomously along a network of elevated tracks. The PMT system is an on-demand high efficiency transit system allowing riders privacy and ease of use while lowering energy use, lessening environmental impact and easing congested freeways.
Further aspects of the invention will become apparent from consideration of the drawings and the ensuing description of preferred embodiments of the invention. A person skilled in the art will realize that other embodiments of the invention are possible and that the details of the invention can be modified in a number of respects, all without departing from the inventive concept. Thus, the following drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limited to the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements.
A removable transit vehicle conveyance apparatus for transporting vehicles containing people and commerce along a network of tracks creating a transportation system is described. The transportation system is comprised of a plurality of removable, self-propelled transit vehicle conveyance apparatus and similarly removable, self-propelled transit car-pods.
Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. In the following description and claims, the terms “coupled” and “connected,” along with their derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. “Coupled” is used to indicate that two or more elements, which may or may not be in direct physical or electrical contact with each other, co-operate or interact with each other. “Connected” is used to indicate the establishment of communication between two or more elements that are coupled with each other.
In one embodiment, the public mass transit system provides a way to move a lot people at one time in an efficient manner and at the same time allow each rider to choose his or her own schedule. In addition to choosing their own schedule, this public mass transit system would also give each rider comfort amenities and their own personal space to commute in. Each rider or small group of riders would have their own personal carriage similar to automobile drivers. The rider would be free to talk on the phone, catch-up on email, or simply take a nap in privacy. This public mass transit system would also provide a way for passengers to get to and from the transit hub without having to walk too far or take some other form of mass transit. By giving people their own space on their own schedule and the ability to get to and from a transit hub, public mass transit would be more attractive to more people, and would become personalized to each riders schedule and individual need.
The PMT system would also be scalable and adaptable to different types of mass transit requirements. In one embodiment, smaller private-campus style systems would work within the confines of a particular business campus or business park where walking distances have become too great and many workers do not want to ride a bicycle or drive from one locale to another. In addition, the private-campus system would allow for tracks leading to and from larger wide-area public network transit systems, but restrict movement to those authorized to commute within the private-system. In one embodiment, the PMT system would incorporate intra-city tracks used for local urban transportation with additional tracks that lead to high-speed city-to-city expressways. This PMT system can additionally include ultra high-speed maglev or other advanced propulsion enabled apparatus that would encapsulate the standard local system car-pod and load them onto specialized high-speed track networks connecting cities at greater distances.
In one embodiment, an automated vehicle conveyance via the PMT begins when drivers and riders arrive at transit stations (
In one embodiment, in standby-mode the car-pod would moves the two vehicle support wheels (item 4) and the location assembly (
In one embodiment, another mode of operation of the car-pod is kneeling-mode. In kneeling-mode the two vehicle support wheels (item 4) moves to a position that stabilizes the vehicle to ease the loading and unloading of passengers. The car-pod doors would open while in kneeling-mode, allowing passengers to enter or exit the car-pod. In one embodiment, another mode of the car-pod is street-mode. While in street-mode, the car-pod operates like an ordinary car. In one embodiment, the required safety features and standard passenger amenities are included in the car-pod and vehicle top speed would be determined by specific model types and features. In one embodiment, street-mode allows the driver of the car-pod to navigate roads, streets, priority vehicle lanes or any combination thereof, without the necessity of being loaded onto the transit rail system.
In one embodiment, another mode of the car-pod is latch-mode. In this embodiment, latch-mode is used to couple the car-pod to a vehicle conveyance apparatus (
In one embodiment, many different types of car-pods would be available for the personal mass transit system. For example and in one embodiment, the types of car-pods could be lightweight transit vehicles, wheelchair accessible transit vehicles, ultra-lightweight individual car-pods for heavy payloads (e.g. weight challenged people, etc.). These and other types of car-pods can either be personally owned or system owned for public on-demand use. In one embodiment, publically accessible car-pods would be part of a larger subscription based mass transit system. The car-pods would be parked (
In one embodiment, privately owned vehicles would be maintained by the owner and be required to meet the PMT system requirements. In this embodiment, both publicly and privately maintained car-pods, would provide mass transit without schedules or crowded compartments, because movement on the system tracks would be considered on-demand and the running of scheduled buses and trains would be eliminated, thus, saving energy and overall system costs.
In one embodiment, as self-driving cars become more refined and adopted, the car-pod would include a driverless-mode that allows the car-pod to drive itself to the transit loading station for coupling to a vehicle conveyance apparatus for transit to a destination station. After reaching its destination station, the car-pod would be un-coupled from the vehicle conveyance apparatus entering driverless-mode before navigating itself wherever the passenger has designated as the final stop.
In one embodiment, included in the car-pod is a PMT system control interface, where this control interface would be used to enter the desired destination location and specific transit route if desired. The PMT system control interface would also include a camera, a speaker and microphone for occupant interaction and feedback. In one embodiment, this interactive interface would be a multi-function display device capable of keeping the occupant of the car-pod apprised of vehicle location on transit system, estimated time of arrival, vehicle speed, vehicle mode of operation, billing information, vehicle conformity status, apparatus conformity status, vehicle maintenance record, any pertinent updates affecting the PMT transit system, advertisements and other information. In one embodiment, the car-pod can include options like inertia dampeners and smart windows.
In one embodiment, the command and control module (item 26) on-board the vehicle conveyance apparatus comprise the general and specific operations required to operate the vehicle conveyance apparatus. In one embodiment, control signals are received from local track nodes (
In one embodiment, operational status feedback is transmitted to the local track nodes (
In one embodiment, the track stiffener is used to stiffen the tracks and can also be used to prevent the vehicle conveyance apparatus from swaying too far in either lateral direction should the car-pod become unstable or unbalanced during transit. In one embodiment, the primary source of power for the vehicle conveyance apparatus resides inside the PMT track. In an alternate embodiment, different variations of wireless power can be used that transfer power from one location to another without physical contact. In one embodiment, wireless transfer of power removes the need to have an electric “third rail,” saving build-out costs and conveyance apparatus maintenance.
In one embodiment, the energized PMT track transfers power to receivers inside the vehicle conveyance apparatus where the power is used to operate the apparatus and supply power to the auxiliary circuit. In one embodiment, the elevated PMT track will allow for many types of usage, including, but not limited to, loading ramps, unloading ramps, ancillary ramps, right-of-way tracks, local tracks, holding tracks, express tracks, high-speed tracks, ultra high-speed tracks, storage silos ramps, maintenance facilities ramps, personal use tracks, scenic tracks, manual control tracks and other types of ramps and tracks. In one embodiment, the track support system includes a weather shroud. The weather shroud is attached to the top of the track stiffener (item 37), and is used to protect the PMT track from debris or inclement weather. The weather shroud further serves as a mounting place for the included solar collectors. In one embodiment, the solar collectors are flexible and adhered to the top of the weather shroud in areas accessible to sunlight. In one embodiment, the PMT track system utilizes local transmitter-receiver nodes as part of a larger array of sensors and tracking methods in order to process and control each vehicle conveyance apparatus. In one embodiment, these local transmitter-receiver nodes are placed along the system tracks to transmit and receive command signals that are evaluated and authenticated prior to control instructions being given to the individual command and control nodules on-board each conveyance apparatus. The use of local transmitter-receiver nodes keeps command response time to a minimum and adds redundancy to the overall control system. In one embodiment, although each local transmitter-receiver node communicates directly with a narrow-area computer control system, each narrow-area computer control system in turn communicates with a wide-area computer control system in order to track and respond to system demands as well as anticipating future needs of specific areas based on transit patterns. The local, narrow and wide area control systems approach offers a variety of ways to track each uniquely identified vehicle conveyance apparatus on the system. For example in one embodiment, should a single communication node or control system become disabled, the built-in redundancy allows the system to continue functioning while the disabled system is repaired. In one embodiment, in the event of a system wide or area blackout, an emergency status is triggered, where each vehicle conveyance apparatus on the track network would automatically identify itself to any functional transmitter-receiver node and broadcast its destination station. In addition, other vehicle conveyance apparatus on the track system would access its own on-board memory for its originally selected destination station and broadcast it as well. In this embodiment, each conveyance apparatus is capable of triggering local track switches in order to navigate itself to its chosen destination without aid from an area computer system. In one embodiment, in the event all control systems become disabled, the emergency status would switch to a manual mode, giving limited control of the conveyance apparatus to occupants.
The local, narrow, and wide area control systems approach also offers a variety of ways to track system usage and car-pod location whether those components are on the system tracks or not. In other words, if hundreds of car-pods are on the east side of town near a transit load-point, there should be hundreds of vehicle conveyance apparatus in storage silos also on the east side of town. In one embodiment, the PMT system is programmed, within certain tolerances, to provide enough vehicle conveyance apparatus to a general area based on usage history, upcoming reservations, and incoming on-demand requests.
In one embodiment, the PMT station is illustrated with a load/unload point (item 41) where car-pods are loaded and an unloaded point (item 42) where the car-pods are unloaded depending on whether the car-pod is departing the load point or arriving at the unload point. Many combinations of load/unload point stations, hubs or single transit tracks can be imaged by those skilled in the art allowing for ease of traffic and system on-demand requirements. In one embodiment, the PMT station illustrated includes one embodiment of a serpentine track section (item 45) intended to store vehicle conveyance apparatus for on-demand requests. In the embodiment, the vehicle conveyance apparatus would stack behind one another in preparation for coupling with car-pods as they arrive at the station for immediate departure. Also included in the embodiment shown are car-pod parking/charging stalls (item 43) that are used in the event that riders arrive at a PMT station without having picked-up a car-pod in advance. In the embodiment, the riders would be able to use their transit card or key-fob, like any other car-pod pick-up location, and secure a car-pod for immediate loading and departure. In one embodiment, a PMT station, whether the PMT station is a simple load-points or complex transit hubs where many tracks and routes would be available to riders, includes a weight scale (item 47) that is placed in front of the load-point to prevent over-weight vehicles from loading onto the track system. Further, automated vehicle control would begin as early as possible to ensure timely coupling of arriving vehicle car-pods, minimizing the need for large waiting rooms or costly infrastructure.
Although some embodiments are shown to include certain features, the applicants specifically contemplates that any feature disclosed herein may be used together or in combination with any other feature on any embodiment of the invention. It is also contemplated that any feature may be specifically excluded from any embodiment of the invention.
In one embodiment, the PMT system that allows users to request a car-pod at their residence, place of business, or any other predetermined location at a certain time. In one embodiment, the user uses an online reservation system to reserve a car-pod. In the embodiment, each car-pod would display or broadcast a reservation code like a beacon for users to match prior to presenting their key-fob or transit card for entry. In one embodiment, the car-pod would use self-guided driving technology and drive itself to the rendezvous point where the user swipes their transit card or key-fob, confirming identity, and reservation. In this embodiment, the PMT system is an automated car valet service arriving when needed and driving away when finished. In one embodiment, the PMT vehicles are optionally reserved or requested using PMT reservation system enabled devices, including, but not limited to, computers, PDA's, cell phones, smart phones, curb-side kiosks, transit station kiosks and other reservation devices.
In one embodiment, the PMT system includes a modular car-pod body, where each vehicle car-pod has a modular removable body. Designed for systems or cabins requiring ultra-lightweight vehicle conveyance due to heavier than standard payloads, this embodiment utilizes vehicle bodies that separate from the chassis (where the vehicle's conveyance mechanism usually resides) at the point of coupling, allowing the body and the contents of the body to be transported independently from the chassis. While in one embodiment dual-drive electric motors are used to propel the vehicle conveyance apparatus, in alternate embodiments, a different type of propulsion is used (e.g., maglev locomotion, other advanced locomotion technology, etc.).
In one embodiment, standard local car-pods are encased in high-speed transit bogies utilizing maglev or similar advanced propulsion systems designed to ride on high-speed track systems without the occupants leaving their car-pod. In this embodiment, the transit bogies await car-pods on a transition track designed to receive car-pods already in transit. Transit bogies would match the speed of incoming car-pods and catch them with a separate coupling mechanism, where the transit bogies take over the services and control while transporting the car-pods at high-speed to the next city . The transit bogie transverses another transition track where it releases the car-pod back to a local area PMT track system.
A number of safety features can be used including, but not limited to, safety grappling hooks that are attached to the car-pod and pointed upwards and slightly in-wards in the event of a catastrophic derailment. In this embodiment the conveyance apparatus and car-pod are equipped with gravitation sensors that detect if the car-pod is falling from the track. In this event, the grappling hooks are shot skyward by a small explosive charge with the intent of wrapping around the transit track and arresting the downward trajectory of the car-pod. In one embodiment, another safety device for a catastrophic derailment utilizes exterior car-pod airbags (e.g. large airbags that are built into the exterior of the car-pod and deployed similarly to standard automobile airbags in the event the car-pod is detached from the vehicle conveyance apparatus or track system. The same on-board gravitational sensor would deploy the airbags outside the car-pod).
In one embodiment, emergency tow-bots are stationed track-side in the event a vehicle conveyance apparatus becomes disabled. In this embodiment, the emergency drone-type tow-bots approach the stranded vehicle, attach itself to the vehicle conveyance apparatus tow-point (
Many variations of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art. Some variations include: multiple-track support designs, stacked track designs, underground tunnel track systems, underwater tube track systems, personal use track lines, scenic track routes, joy-riding track lines (designed to allow riders direct manual-fly-mode control of the vehicle conveyance apparatus), and manual fly-mode (which while on designated areas of track) high-speed city to city track systems, as well as others.
All such variations are intended to be within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims
1. An on-demand personalized mass transit system that conveys a passenger between two transit stations, the system comprising:
- the two transit stations, wherein at least one of the two transit stations is coupled to a roadway;
- a transit track coupled between the two transit stations;
- a car-pod that carries the passenger, the car-pod includes a roadway self-propulsion mechanism enabling the car-pod to independently travel over the roadway; and
- a vehicle conveyance apparatus that carries the car-pod, the vehicle conveyance apparatus including a transit track self-propulsion mechanism that propels the vehicle conveyance apparatus along the transit track.
2. The on-demand personalized mass transit system of claim 1, wherein the transit track is a closed system track.
3. The on-demand personalized mass transit system of claim 2, wherein the transit track is an elevated track.
4. The on-demand personalized mass transit system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the two transit stations is selected from the group consisting of an embarkation station and a disembarkation station.
5. The on-demand personalized mass transit system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a vehicle conveyance apparatus silo that stores a plurality of vehicle conveyance apparatus.
6. The on-demand personalized mass transit system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle conveyance apparatus is coupled to another vehicle conveyance apparatus carrying another car-pod, and the vehicle conveyance coupled to the another vehicle conveyance apparatus travel coupled together as a transit vehicle pod-train.
7. The on-demand personalized mass transit system of claim 1, further comprising:
- a pick-point switcher that switches the vehicle conveyance apparatus from the transit track to another transit track, wherein the vehicle conveyance apparatus is switched while carrying the car-pod.
8. A vehicle conveyance apparatus to convey a car-pod carrying a passenger along a transit track between two end stations, the vehicle conveyance apparatus comprising:
- a chassis;
- a self-propulsion mechanism, coupled to the chassis, the self-propulsion mechanism configured to independently convey the vehicle conveyance apparatus along the transit track;
- a car-pod coupling mechanism, coupled to the chassis, the car-pod coupling mechanism to securely couple the car-pod to the vehicle conveyance apparatus, wherein the car-pod is capable to independently travel over a roadway coupled to the transit track; and
- a transit track coupling mechanism, coupled to the self-propulsion mechanism, the transit track coupling mechanism configured to couple the vehicle conveyance apparatus to the transit track.
9. The vehicle conveyance apparatus of claim 8, wherein the self-propulsion mechanism comprises:
- a drive wheel to propel the vehicle conveyance apparatus along the transit track; and
- a drive motor to power the drive wheel.
10. The vehicle conveyance apparatus of claim 8, wherein the self-propulsion mechanism is capable to move the vehicle conveyance apparatus forward and backward.
11. The vehicle conveyance apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
- a power receiver to receive power wirelessly from the transit track.
12. The vehicle conveyance apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
- a command and control module to operate the vehicle conveyance apparatus.
13. The vehicle conveyance apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
- a pick-point loading/unloading point, wherein the pick-point loading/unloading point is used by a pick-point switcher to transfer the vehicle conveyance apparatus to another transit track.
14. The vehicle conveyance apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
- a support wheel, coupled to the chassis, to carry a weight of the vehicle conveyance apparatus.
15. The vehicle conveyance apparatus of claim 14, wherein the support wheel further carries a weight of the carried car-pod.
16. A car-pod to carry a passenger between a beginning destination to an ending destination, the car-pod comprising:
- a chassis;
- a vehicle conveyance coupling mechanism, coupled to the chassis, the vehicle conveyance coupling mechanism to securely couple the car-pod to a vehicle conveyance apparatus, wherein the coupled car-pod conveys along a transit track propelled by the vehicle conveyance apparatus; and
- a self-propulsion mechanism, coupled to the chassis, the self-propulsion mechanism to independently propel the car-pod along a roadway if the car-pod is uncoupled from the vehicle conveyance apparatus.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 6, 2012
Publication Date: May 23, 2013
Inventor: Keith Andrew LaCabe (San Francisco, CA)
Application Number: 13/670,301
International Classification: B61B 1/02 (20060101); B61B 13/00 (20060101); B61D 1/00 (20060101); B61D 3/18 (20060101); B61C 3/02 (20060101); E01B 7/00 (20060101);