DLC FILM COATED PLASTIC CONTAINER, AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE PLASTIC CONTAINER
The present invention provides method of DLC film coating a plastic container by DLC film coating the container in an apparatus, where the apparatus comprises a container side electrode which forms one portion of a pressure-reducing chamber and a facing electrode, where the container side electrode is formed so that the average inner hole diameter (R2) of the inner wall surrounding a neck portion is smaller than the average inner hole diameter (R1) of the inner wall surrounding the body portion, and the average distance (d2) between the outer wall of the container and the inner wall of the container side electrode in a horizontal cross section with respect to the vertical direction of the container at the neck portion becomes longer than the average distance (d1) between the outer wall of the container and the inner wall of the container side electrode.
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The present invention is related to a plastic container having an inner wall surface coated with a diamond like carbon (DLC) film, a manufacturing method thereof and a manufacturing apparatus therefor.
PRIOR ART TECHNOLOGYJapanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. HEI 8-53117 discloses an apparatus for manufacturing a carbon film coated plastic container which coats the inner wall surface of the plastic container with a carbon film, and a manufacturing method thereof. As shown in
The manufacturing method of the same laid-open patent application forms a carbon film by a plasma CVD method which generates plasma between the external electrode and the internal electrode in the same apparatus. Namely, in the method of manufacturing a carbon film coated plastic container, a space having a shape roughly similar to the external shape of a housed container is formed in the external electrode, the external electrode is insulated by an insulating member which makes contact with the mouth portion of the container housed inside this space, an internal electrode is inserted into the inside of the container housed inside the space from the mouth portion of the container and this internal electrode is grounded, the inside of the space of the external electrode is exhausted, a source gas is supplied to the inside of the container housed inside the space of the external electrode, and then a high frequency is applied to the external electrode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAccording to research conducted by the inventors of the present invention, a DLC film coated plastic container manufactured by electrodes similar to those disclosed in the laid-open patent application described above had a satisfactory oxygen barrier property (the oxygen permeability was reduced to less than one tenth compared to the base material) but the color of the neck portion was dark. Further, when the container was recycled, there were cases where the coloration of the neck portion caused problems such as coloration of the recycled items.
In the laid-open patent application described above, plasma is created after a prescribed film forming pressure is achieved by balancing the exhaust of the inside of the space housing the plastic container and the supply of source gas to the inside of the plastic container. Accordingly, when plasma is created and before and after this, the source gas normally flows through the inside of the plastic container, and this forms a source gas flux. In the case where a container having a container shape in which the neck portion is narrow relative to the body portion is made the object, the cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section at the neck portion of the container with respect to a central axis of the vertical direction of the container becomes smaller suddenly compared to the body portion. Due to this kind of sudden decrease of cross-sectional area, the present inventors discovered that the gas pressure of the source gas flowing through the inside of the container rises at the neck portion which causes the plasma density to also rise. In this way, because the DLC film formed on the inner wall surface of the neck portion of the container exposed to high density plasma receives more plasma damage or a stronger plasma etching effect, there is considerably more coloring of dark yellowish brown at the neck portion than there is at the body portion.
In this regard, it is an object of the present invention to provided an apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container which has the same degree of oxygen barrier property as a prior art DLC film coated plastic bottle, and can prevent the coloring of the DLC film formed on the neck portion of the container. Namely, it is an object to mitigate plasma damage or plasma etching of the DLC film at the neck portion by adjusting the relationship between the space (neck portion offset distance) between the container outer wall at the neck portion of the container and the container side electrode inner wall and the space (body portion offset distance) between the container outer wall at the body portion of the container and the container side electrode inner wall under conditions in which a desired oxygen barrier property is obtained. Further, it is an object to prevent irregular color of the container and solve recycling problems due to the coloring described above by providing a manufacturing apparatus that makes it possible to form a transparent film roughly the same as that of the body portion on the neck portion. Further, by adjusting the neck portion offset distance and the body portion offset distance, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of irregular color in the rotation direction of the container central axis.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to regulate the neck portion offset distance in more detail in the manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention. Namely, an optimum neck portion offset is regulated with the plasma density distribution, the oxygen barrier property (oxygen permeability) or the coloration degree of the container as an indicator.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing apparatus which has a container side electrode having an inner wall structure suited to a container having an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction of the container. At this time, combined concrete and simple shapes of the inner wall structure of the container side electrode are proposed.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to propose combined concrete and simple shapes of the inner wall structure of an optimum container side electrode for containers having an angular tube-shaped body portion.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to concretely regulate the body portion offset distance for obtaining a container coloration degree (which changes depending on plasma density distribution shifts and the like) below a prescribed value, and a required oxygen barrier property in the manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
Further, as an object of both securing a required oxygen barrier property and preventing coloration, it is an object of the present invention to provide a plurality of manufacturing methods which prevent coloration of the container by controlling the increase of source gas pressure inside the container at the neck portion so as to form a uniform plasma density distribution. Further, it is an object of the present invention to also propose an optimum manufacturing apparatus when executing these manufacturing methods.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing apparatus which solves the problems described above and at the same time makes it possible to prevent the adherence of dust to a source gas inlet pipe.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide an optimum manufacturing method and an optimum manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing containers for beverages.
In this way, it is an object of the present invention to provide a recyclable plastic container which has an oxygen gas barrier property and can prevent coloration of the neck portion.
An apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention includes a container side electrode which forms one portion of a pressure-reducing chamber which houses a container formed from plastic in which the cross-sectional area of an opening of said container is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section at a body portion of said container and a neck portion is provided between said opening and said body portion, and a facing electrode which faces said container side electrode and is arranged inside said container or above said opening, wherein said container side electrode and said facing electrode are made to face each other via an insulating body which forms a portion of said pressure-reducing chamber, source gas supply means which supply a source gas that is converted to plasma for coating the inner wall surface of said container with a diamond like carbon (DLC) film includes a supply gas inlet pipe provided in said pressure-reducing chamber to introduce said source gas supplied to said pressure-reducing chamber to the inside of said container, exhaust means which exhaust gas inside said pressure-reducing chamber from above the opening of said container are provided, and high frequency supply means which supply a high frequency is connected to said container side electrode, wherein said container side electrode is formed so that the average inner hole diameter (R2) of the inner wall surrounding said neck portion when the container is housed becomes smaller than the average inner hole diameter (R1) of the inner wall surrounding said body portion, and the average distance (d2) between the outer wall of said container and the inner wall of said container side electrode in a horizontal cross section with respect to the vertical direction of said container at said neck portion becomes longer than the average distance (d1) between the outer wall of said container and the inner wall of said container side electrode in a horizontal cross section with respect to the vertical direction of said container at said body portion.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, preferably said average distance d2 is formed to be a distance which suppresses the rise in plasma density accompanying the rise in pressure of the source gas converted to plasma at said neck portion inside said container in order to form a roughly uniform plasma density inside said container.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, preferably said average distance d2 is formed to be the same as or shorter than the distance at which the strength of ionic impacts due to collisions of the ions of the source gas converted to plasma with the inner wall surface of said container forms an ionic impact strength capable of forming a DLC film having a prescribed lower limit oxygen barrier property, and said average distance d2 is formed to be the same as or longer than the distance at which the entire wall surface of said container has a roughly uniform color by suppressing coloration of a specific part of said container from said neck portion to said opening caused by plasma damage or plasma etching of the inner wall surface of said container due to the increase in plasma density accompanying the increase in pressure of the source gas converted to plasma in said neck portion inside said container.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, preferably said average distance d2 is formed to be a distance at which the DLC film coated plastic container secures a prescribed oxygen barrier property and the entire wall surface of said DLC film coated plastic container has a roughly uniform color.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, preferably the average diameter of said body portion of said container is made D1, the average diameter of said neck portion is made D2, and in the case where K is made an offset coefficient that satisfies the relationship of Equation 1, the offset coefficient K satisfies the relationship of Equation 2 or Equation 3, and said average distance d2 forms the d2 determined from Equation 1.
d2=K×(D1−D2)/2+d1 (Equation 1)
0.29≦K≦0.79 where 0.2 mm≦d1≦2.0 mm (Equation 2)
0.11≦K≦0.51 where 2.0 mm<d1≦4.0 mm (Equation 3)
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, preferably the average diameter of said body portion of said container is made D1, the average diameter of said neck portion is made D2, an offset coefficient that satisfies the relationship of Equation 4 is made K, and when a of Equation 4 is a container compensation coefficient that takes into account the container shape dependency satisfying Equation 5, the offset coefficient K satisfies the relationship of Equation 2 or Equation 3, and said average distance d2 forms the d2 determined from Equation 4.
d2=αK×(D1−D2)/2+d1 (Equation 4)
α=(D1/D2)2/3.54 (Equation 5)
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably said container has an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction, and the inner wall shape of said container side electrode is formed to be an axial symmetrical shape with respect to said central axis when said container is housed.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably when said container is housed in said container side electrode, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said body portion of said container is formed to have a cylindrical shape, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said neck portion of said container is formed to have a truncated cone shaped cylindrical shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the container opening, and the inner wall of said container side electrode is formed to have a continuous shape that does not have different stages.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 8, preferably the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding the opening of said container is formed to have a cylindrical shape.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably said body portion of said container has a square tube shape, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said body portion of said container is formed to have a square tube shape, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said neck portion of said container is formed to have a truncated pyramid shaped square tube shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the container opening, a square tube shape or a shape which is a combination of these, and the inner wall of said container side electrode is formed to have a continuous shape that does not have different stages.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 10, preferably the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding the opening of said container is formed to have a square tube shape.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, preferably said container side electrode is formed so that d1 is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm.
Further an apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention includes a container side electrode which forms one portion of a pressure-reducing chamber which houses a container formed from plastic, and a facing electrode which faces said container side electrode and is arranged inside said container or above said opening, wherein said container side electrode and said facing electrode are made to face each other via an insulating body which forms a portion of said pressure-reducing chamber, source gas supply means which supply a source gas that is converted to plasma for coating the inner wall surface of said container with a DLC film includes a supply gas inlet pipe provided in said pressure-reducing chamber to introduce said source gas supplied to said pressure-reducing chamber to the inside of said container, exhaust means which exhaust gas inside said pressure-reducing chamber from above the opening of said container are provided, and high frequency supply means which supply a high frequency is connected to said container side electrode, wherein exhaust conductance adjustment means are provided to carry out adjustment by freely restricting the amount of gas exhaust that is exhausted from a horizontal cross section of said pressure-reducing chamber above the opening of said container.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, preferably said container is a container for beverages.
Further a method of manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention includes the steps of exhausting the inside of a container formed from plastic to a pressure less than or equal to a prescribed pressure, then introducing a source gas which will be converted to plasma to the inside of said container while continuing to exhaust the inside of said container so that the inside of said container is replaced with said source gas and a prescribed equilibrium pressure is formed inside said container, then stopping most of the exhaust of the inside of said container and making the introduction rate of said source gas smaller than the introduction rate at the time of replacement so that the flow of said source gas inside said container is slowed and the pressure distribution inside said container is made roughly uniform, and then generating source gas type plasma inside said container to form a DLC film on the inner wall surface of said plastic container.
Further, a method of manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention includes the steps of exhausting the inside of a container formed from plastic to a pressure less than or equal to a prescribed pressure, then making the exhaust rate inside said container smaller or zero and introducing a source gas which will be converted to plasma to the inside of said container, and then generating source gas type plasma inside said container to form a DLC film on the inner wall surface of said plastic container at the point in time when the pressure distribution inside said container is roughly uniform and a prescribed pressure has been reached.
In the method of manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container described in claim 15 or 16, preferably said container is a container for beverages.
A DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention is a plastic container having a DLC film formed on the inner wall surface thereof in which the cross-sectional area of an opening of said container is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section at a body portion of said container and a neck portion is provided between said opening and said body portion, wherein the DLC film formed on said neck portion has a lower graphite mixing proportion than the DLC film formed on said body portion, and the oxygen permeability of said container is less than or equal to 0.0050 ml/container (500 ml PET container)/day (23° C. and RH90%, measurement values after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement). At this time, preferably the amount of graphite mixing of the DLC film formed on said neck portion is 5˜18% of the amount of graphite mixing of said body portion. In this regard, the amount of mixing is compared for the same film thickness.
Further, the oxygen permeability of the container is given for a 500 ml container prescribed as a standard, but this can be applied to containers having other capacities by carrying out ratio conversion. For example, in a 1000 ml container, oxygen permeability is less than or equal to 0.0100 ml/container/day.
Further, a DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention is a plastic container having a DLC film formed on the inner wall surface thereof in which the cross-sectional area of an opening of said container is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section at a body portion of said container and a neck portion is provided between said opening and said body portion, wherein the DLC film formed on said neck portion has a higher hydrogen atom content than the DLC film formed on said body portion, and the oxygen permeability of said container is less than or equal to 0.0050 ml/container (500 ml PET container)/day (23° C. and RH90%, measurement values after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement). At this time, preferably the composition proportion of carbon and hydrogen (carbon atom/hydrogen atom) of the DLC film formed on said neck portion is 37/63˜48/52, and the composition proportion of carbon and hydrogen (carbon atom/hydrogen atom) of the DLC film formed on said body portion is 55/45˜75/25.
Further, a DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention is a plastic container having a DLC film formed on the inner wall surface thereof in which the cross-sectional area of an opening of said container is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section at a body portion of said container and a neck portion is provided between said opening and said body portion, wherein the DLC film formed on said neck portion has a lower graphite mixing proportion and a higher hydrogen atom content than the DLC film formed on said body portion, and the oxygen permeability of said container is less than or equal to 0.0050 ml/container (500 ml PET container)/day (23° C. and RH90%, measurement values after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement). At this time, preferably the amount of graphite mixing of the DLC film formed on said neck portion is 5˜18% of the amount of graphite mixing of said body portion, the composition proportion of carbon and hydrogen (carbon atom/hydrogen atom) of the DLC film formed on said neck portion is 37/63˜48/52, and the composition proportion of carbon and hydrogen (carbon atom/hydrogen atom) of the DLC film formed on said body portion is 55/45˜75/25.
In the apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container of the present invention, it is possible to prevent coloration of the DLC film at the neck portion of a container manufactured to have the same level of oxygen barrier property as a prior art DLC film coated plastic bottle. This is achieved by adjusting the relationship between the neck portion offset length and the body portion offset length to mitigate plasma damage or plasma etching of the DLC film at the neck portion. In this way, irregular color of the container can be prevented by forming a transparent film roughly the same as that of the body portion on the neck portion, and this makes it possible to solve the recycling problem due to coloration.
Further, in the present invention, an optimum offset is determined by indicating the plasma density distribution, the oxygen barrier property (oxygen permeability) or the coloration level of the container.
Further, the present invention shows concrete and simple embodiments of a manufacturing apparatus suited to a container having an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction of the container or a container having a square tube shaped body portion. In this way, instead of preparing a separate container side electrode to match each of the various shapes of beverage containers, for example, the container side electrode can be used for all applications.
The present invention concretely shows the body portion offset length in the manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, and in this way a container coloration level at or below a prescribed value and a required oxygen barrier property were obtained.
Further, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, coloration of the container is prevented by suppressing the rise in source gas pressure at the neck portion inside the container and carrying out control so that the plasma density distribution becomes uniform, whereby both a required oxygen barrier property is secured and coloration is prevented. Further, the present invention proposes an optimum manufacturing apparatus when this manufacturing method is carried out.
Further, the present invention is designed to solve the problems described above and at the same time prevent the adherence of dust to the source gas inlet pipe.
Further, because both an oxygen barrier property and transparency are obtained, the present invention is ideally suited to the manufacture of beverage containers which require transparency and recyclability.
Further, the DLC film of the container manufactured by the apparatus of the present invention is a fine DLC film having a small number of graphite like carbon sp2 bonding structures and a high proportion of sp3 bonding structures (diamond structures and the like). This DLC film makes it possible to achieve a light uniform color over the entire container while securing an oxygen barrier property.
The meaning of the symbols is as follows. 1 shows an upper electrode, 2 shows a lower electrode, 3 shows a container side electrode, 4 shows an insulating body, 5 shows a facing electrode, 5a shows a tubular body, 5b shows a tubular body end, 5c shows an internal electrode, 6 shows a pressure-reducing chamber, 7 shows a plastic container, 8 shows an O-ring, 9 shows a source gas inlet pipe, 9a shows a blowout hole, 10 shows an opening, 11 shows an annular portion of the facing electrode, 12 shows a matching box, 13 shows a high frequency power source, 14 shows high frequency supply means, 16 shows a pipeline, 17 shows a source gas generating source, 18 shows source gas supply means, 19 shows a vacuum valve, 20 shows an exhaust pump, 21 shows exhaust means, 23 shows an exhaust port, 50 shows exhaust conductance adjustment means, 51 shows a restrictor, 52 shows a through hole, and 53 shows a restrictor opening/closing mechanism.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTIONDetailed descriptions showing embodiments of the present invention are given below, but it should not be interpreted that the present invention is limited to these descriptions.
First, the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing a DLC film coated plastic container according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The container side electrode 3 is constructed from an upper electrode 1 and a lower electrode 2 which can be attached to and removed from the upper electrode 1. An O-ring 8 is arranged between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 to ensure airtightness. The upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 form a conducting state so as to form one body as a container side electrode. The container side electrode 3 has a structure that is divided into the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 to provide a housing opening for housing the plastic container 7 inside the container side electrode 3. In
The container side electrode 3 shown in
Further, as shown in
When (R2<R1) and (d2>d1) are satisfied, the average neck portion offset length d2 preferably forms a distance that suppresses the increase of plasma density accompanying the increase in pressure of the source gas converted to plasma at the neck portion inside the container in order to form a roughly uniform plasma density inside the container. By making the plasma density uniform, degradation due to plasma damage or plasma etching of the DLC film formed on the neck portion is mitigated.
When (R2<R1) and (d2>d1) are satisfied, the average neck portion offset length d2 is formed to be the same as or shorter than the distance at which the strength of ionic impacts due to collisions of the ions of the source gas converted to plasma with the inner wall surface of the container forms an ionic impact strength capable of forming a DLC film having a prescribed lower limit oxygen barrier property. At the same time as this, the average neck portion offset length d2 is preferably formed to be the same as or shorter than the distance at which the entire wall surface of the container has a roughly uniform color by suppressing coloration of a specific part of the container from the neck portion to the opening caused by plasma damage or plasma etching of the inner wall surface of the container due to the increase in plasma density accompanying the increase in pressure of the source gas converted to plasma in the neck portion inside the container.
In the apparatus of the present invention, the formation of a DLC film on the inner wall surface of the container 7 is carried out by a plasma CVD method. Namely, discharging is produced by the high frequency applied between the container side electrode 3 and the facing electrode 5, plasma is generated, and if the conditions for continuing discharge are satisfied, the plasma discharge is stabilized. Then, the source gas is decomposed by the plasma to form various kinds of radicals (most of which are ionized to positive). On the other hand, the electrons produced by discharging accumulate on the inner wall surface, and a prescribed potential drop (the application of a self bias voltage) is created, whereby a potential well (called a sheath potential) is possible. Then, the energy of the kinds of radicals ionized at the inner wall surface of the container 7 are accelerated by the sheath potential created on the container wall surface, and these randomly collide with the entire inner surface of the inner wall surface. At this time, the undecomposed radicals and ions are finally decomposed on the inner wall surface of the container, and if the source gas is a hydrocarbon gas, there is bonding between adjacent carbon atoms and between carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, and the release of temporarily bonded hydrogen atoms (a spattering effect) occurs. When the above processes are carried out, a very fine DLC film is formed on the inner wall surface of the container 7. By applying a moderate high frequency output and selecting a suitable gas flow rate, plasma discharge will continue between the container side electrode 3 and the facing electrode 5.
In this regard, if the strength of ionic impacts due to collisions of the ions of the source gas converted to plasma with the inner wall surface of the container is weak, a fine DLC film will not be obtained, and an oxygen barrier property will not be obtained. As the average neck portion offset length d2 becomes larger, the self bias voltage becomes smaller and the strength of the ionic impacts becomes weaker. Accordingly, the average neck portion offset length d2 must be an average neck portion offset length d2 that obtains an ionic impact strength greater than or equal to an ionic impact strength capable of forming a DLC film having a prescribed lower limit oxygen barrier property. Namely, the average neck portion offset length d2 needs to be formed to be the same as or shorter than the distance at which the strength of ionic impacts due to collisions of the ions of the source gas converted to plasma with the inner wall surface of the container forms an ionic impact strength capable of forming a DLC film having a prescribed lower limit oxygen barrier property. In this regard, the prescribed lower limit oxygen barrier property is an oxygen permeability of 0.0050 ml/container (500 ml PET container)/day (23° C. and RH90%, measurement values after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement).
When the average neck portion offset length d2 becomes shorter, the self bias voltage becomes higher. Then, with regard to the shoulder portion in comparison with the body portion, because an increase in plasma density occurs accompanying the increase in pressure of the source gas converted to plasma at the neck portion inside the container, there is more exposure to excessive plasma than there is at the body portion, whereby coloration at a specific part of the container from the neck portion to the opening is created by degradation (bonding state and the like) due to plasma damage or plasma etching. In order to make the entire wall surface of the container have a roughly uniform color, the average neck portion offset length d2 needs to be made sufficiently long so that this coloration does not occur.
To summarize the above, the average neck portion offset length d2 is preferably formed to be a distance at which the DLC film coated plastic container secures a prescribed oxygen barrier property and the entire wall surface of the DLC film coated plastic container has a roughly uniform color. Further, the prescribed oxygen barrier property is an oxygen permeability which is less than or equal to 0.0050 ml/container (500 ml PET container)/day (23° C. and RH90%, measurement values after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement).
Further, the average neck portion offset length d2 is calculated from Equation 1. As indicated by the symbols in
d2=K×(D1−D2)/2+d1 (Equation 1)
0.29≦K≦0.79 where 0.2 mm≦d1≦2.0 mm (Equation 2)
0.11≦K≦0.51 where 2.0 mm<d1≦4.0 mm (Equation 3)
In this regard, the average diameter of the body portion is the diameter of a cylinder in the case where the container body portion is approximated by a cylindrical shape having the same height and the same volume. The average diameter of the neck portion is the diameter of a cylinder in the case where the container neck portion is approximated by a cylindrical shape having the same height and the same volume.
In this regard, the offset coefficient K is a parameter used at the time the average neck portion offset length d2 is determined using D1, D2 and d1, and when K=0, this forms d2=d1, and the inner wall of the space housing the container of the container side electrode 3 forms a similar shape that almost touches the container. On the other hand, when K=1, this forms d2=(D1−D2)/2+d1, and the inner wall of the space housing the container of the container side electrode 3 forms a cylindrical shape. The average neck portion offset length d2 at the time of forming a distance at which the DLC film coated plastic container secures a prescribed oxygen barrier property and the entire wall surface of the DLC film coated plastic container has a roughly uniform color is determined by the offset coefficient K given by Equation 2 or Equation 3.
Further, in order to compensate the container shape dependency of Equation 1, the average neck portion offset length d2 may be determined from Equation 4 by introducing the container compensation coefficient α shown in Equation 5. At this time, the offset coefficient K satisfies the relationship of Equation 2 or Equation 3.
d2=αK×(D1−D2)/2+d1 (Equation 4)
α=(D1/D2)2/3.54 (Equation 5)
In the case where the container has an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction, the inner wall shape of the container side electrode 3 is preferably formed to be an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the container central axis when the container is housed. In this case, because a horizontal cross section of the container with respect to the central axis forms a circular shape, the inner wall of the container side electrode 3 also forms a circular shape concentric with this. In this way, the offset length on a horizontal cross section of the container with respect to the central axis becomes the same everywhere. Accordingly, it is possible for the distribution of the self bias voltage created on the container wall surface to be made uniform on a horizontal cross section of the container with respect to the central axis.
In the case where the container has an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction, when the container is housed in the container side electrode, the inner wall of the container side electrode surrounding the body portion of the container may be formed to have a cylindrical shape, the inner wall of the container side electrode surrounding the neck portion of the container may be formed to have a truncated cone shaped cylindrical shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the container opening, and the inner wall of the container side electrode may be formed to have a continuous shape that does not have different stages. The present inventors call the container side electrode having this shape a “cone compound electrode”, and instead of preparing a separate container side electrode to match each of the various shapes of beverage containers, for example, this structure provides a container side electrode that can be used for all applications. This corresponds to the fact that the mouth portion of the container has a cylindrical shape.
In the cone compound electrode, the shape of the inner wall of the space can be constructed from two members comprising a cylindrical base portion and a cylindrical upper portion having a truncated cone shape. By forming a truncated cone shape, the body portion offset length and the neck portion offset length can be controlled independently by a relatively simple structure. Further, an optimum electrode structure can be searched easily for various containers having different shapes.
In the cone compound electrode, the inner wall of the container side electrode surrounding the opening of the container may be formed to have a cylindrical shape.
On the other hand, in the case of so-called square bottles where the body portion of the container has a square tube shape, the inner wall of the container side electrode surrounding the body portion of the container may be formed to have a square tube shape, the inner wall of the container side electrode surrounding the neck portion of the container may be formed to have a truncated pyramid shaped square tube shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the container opening, a square tube shape or a shape which is a combination of these, and the inner wall of the container side electrode (hereafter referred to as a “pyramid compound electrode”) may be formed to have a continuous shape that does not have different stages. A DLC film coating can be obtained even when a film is formed on a square tube shaped container using the cone compound electrode described above, but the pyramid compound electrode is preferably applied in order to apply a uniform self bias voltage to the wall surface of the square bottle.
In the pyramid compound electrode, the shape of the inner wall of the space can be constructed from two members comprising a square tube base portion and a square tube upper portion having a truncated pyramid shape, and the body portion offset length and the neck portion offset length can be controlled independently by a relatively simple structure. Further, an optimum electrode structure can be searched easily for various containers having different shapes.
In the pyramid compound electrode, the inner wall of the container side electrode surrounding the opening of the container may be formed to have a square tube shape. This corresponds to the fact that the mouth portion of the container has a cylindrical shape. Further, the inner wall of the container side electrode surrounding the opening of the container may be formed to have a cylindrical shape, but in this case, stages will be created in the inner wall of the space of the container side electrode housing the container.
In the case where a pyramid compound electrode is used, in particular in the case of a 90° rotation object container, by substituting the length of one side in a horizontal cross section with respect to the container central axis at the body portion for D1 of Equation 4 and Equation 5, and by substituting the average length of one side in a horizontal cross section with respect to the container central axis at the neck portion for D2 of Equation 4 and Equation 5, K satisfies Equation 2 and Equation 3, and based on that, d2 can be calculated from Equation 4.
Next, a description will be given for the facing electrode 5. The facing electrode 5 is an electrode that faces the container side electrode 3. Accordingly, because the facing electrode 5 and the container side electrode 3 need to form an insulating state, the insulating body 4 is provided between these electrodes. The facing electrode 5 is arranged so as to be positioned above the opening 10 of the container. At this time, the entire facing electrode 5 or a portion thereof is preferably arranged near the opening 10 of the container. This shortens the distance to the container side electrode 3, and makes the plasma distribution become a uniform distribution inside the container. Further, the shape of the facing electrode 5 can be freely formed, but as shown in
In the present invention, as shown in
The facing electrode or the end of the annular portion 11 of
Further, by providing the facing electrode with the annular portion 11 of
In the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, in addition to the apparatus shown in
Further, the material of the container side electrode and the facing electrode is preferably stainless steel (SUS) or aluminum.
The insulating body 4 serves the role of forming an insulating state between the facing electrode 5 and the container side electrode 3, and also serves the role of forming one portion of the pressure-reducing chamber 6. The insulating body is formed by a fluororesin, for example. The pressure-reducing chamber 6 is formed by assembling the container side electrode 3, the insulating body 4 and the facing electrode 5 to be mutually airtight. Namely, an O-ring is arranged between the container side electrode 3 and the insulating body 4 to ensure airtightness. Further, an O-ring (not shown in the drawings) is also arranged between the insulating body 4 and the facing electrode 5 to ensure airtightness. In the apparatus of
The source gas inlet pipe 9 is formed to have a hollow (cylindrical) shape. The material in the case where the apparatus is constructed so that the facing electrode is arranged outside the container as in
By inserting the tip portion of the source gas inlet pipe 9 through the opening of the plastic container to a position near the mouth portion as shown in
Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, the source gas inlet pipe is inserted inside the plastic container at the time a source gas is introduced, and source gas inlet pipe insertion/removal means (not shown in the drawings) may be provided to place the source gas inlet pipe in a removed state from the plastic container at the time plasma is generated. The source gas inlet pipe insertion/removal means make it possible to distribute source gas and form a DLC film over the entire inside of the plastic container, and there is absolutely no adherence of dust because the source gas inlet pipe make it possible to remove the source gas inlet pipe from the plasma region at the time a film is formed. Further, in the case where source gas inlet pipe insertion/removal means are provided to place the source gas inlet pipe in a removed state from the plastic container when plasma is generated, a valve (shutter) (not shown in the drawings) which can be freely opened and closed for the purpose of controlling the exhaust rate of the source gas is preferably provided near the opening 10.
Further, dust incineration means (not shown in the drawings) may be provided to incinerate dust adhering to a ceramic material type source gas inlet pipe 9 in the present apparatus. Two or more source gas inlet pipes which can be arranged in an alternating manner are prepared, and after a film is formed a prescribed number of times, the arrangement of the source gas inlet pipes are switched, and the dust adhering to the source gas inlet pipe in standby is incinerated by operating the dust incineration means.
The source gas supply means 18 introduces the source gas supplied from a source gas generating source 17 to the inside of the plastic container 7. Namely, one side of a pipeline 16 is connected to the facing electrode 5 or the insulating body 4, and the other side of the pipeline 16 is connected to one side of a mass flow controller (not shown in the drawings) via a vacuum valve (not shown in the drawings). The other side of the mass flow controller is connected to the source gas generating source 17 via a pipeline. The source gas generating source 17 generates a hydrocarbon gas or the like such as acetylene or the like.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons and the like which form a gas or liquid at room temperature are used as a source gas. In particular, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, cyclohexane and the like having a carbon number of 6 or higher are preferred. Ethylene type hydrocarbons and acetylene type hydrocarbons represent examples of aliphatic hydrocarbons. These materials may be used separately or as a gas mixture or two or more types. Further, these gases may be used in a way in which they are diluted by a noble gas such as argon or helium. Further, in the case where a silicon-containing DLC film is formed, a Si-containing hydrocarbon type gas is used.
The DLC film in the present invention refers to an amorphous carbon film containing sp3 bonding which is a carbon film that is also called an i-carbon film or a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film (a-CH). The amount of hydrogen contained in the DLC film which sets the film quality from hardness to softness (polymer like) is in the range from 0 atom % to 70 atom %.
The exhaust means 21 is constructed from a vacuum valve 19 and an exhaust pump 20 as well as a pipeline that connects these. The space 40 formed inside the member formed from the insulating body 4 and the facing electrode 5 is connected to one side of an exhaust pipeline. For example, in
The high frequency supply means 14 is formed from a matching box 12 which is connected to the container side electrode 3, and a high frequency power source 13 which supplies a high frequency to the matching box 12. The matching box 12 is connected to the output side of the high frequency power source 13. In
The container according to the present invention includes a container that uses a cover or a stopper or is sealed, or a container used in an open state that does not use these. The size of the opening is determined in accordance with the contents. The container shape is especially preferred to be a container shape having a neck portion in which the cross-sectional area of the opening of the container is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section at the body portion of the container. This is because in a container having this shape, the pressure increases at the neck portion when the source gas flows, and this also increases the plasma density, whereby the DLC film receives plasma damage or plasma etching. Further, the plastic container includes a plastic container having a moderate stiffness and a prescribed thickness, and a plastic container formed from a sheet material that does not have stiffness. The substance that is filled into the plastic container according to the present invention can be a beverage such as a carbonated beverage or a fruit juice beverage or a soft drink or the like, as well as a medicine, an agricultural chemical, or a dried food which hates moisture absorption. Further, the container may be either a returnable container or a one-way container.
Further, in the present invention, each part of a beverage container or a container having a shape similar to this is named as shown in
The resin used when forming the plastic container 7 of the present invention can be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene (PP) resin, cycloolefin copolymer (COC, annular olefin copolymer) resin, ionomer resin, poly-4-methylpentene-1 resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polystyrene resin, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, acrylonitrile resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polyamide resin, polyamide-imide resin, polyacetal resin, polycarbonate resin, polysulfone resin, or ethylene tetrafluoride, acrylonitrile-styrene resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, for example. Of these, PET is particularly preferred.
In the present invention, in a manufacturing apparatus in which the facing electrode 11 or 5a is arranged above the container opening taking
In order to describe the exhaust conductance adjustment means 50 in detail, a description will be given using
The exhaust conductance adjustment means 50 (a special gate valve) is formed from the restrictor 51 and a restrictor opening/closing mechanism 53 which opens and closes the restrictor 51. The restrictor 51 is instantly moved toward the source gas inlet pipe by the restrictor opening/closing mechanism 53 to cover the through hole 52 of the pressure-reducing chamber.
Instead of the embodiment shown in
Further, the shut off degree of the flow of gas exhausted from the container may be adjusted by a restricting mechanism that is the same as a light quantity restricting mechanism of a camera in which the source gas inlet pipe forms a centripetal axis for the purpose of opening and closing the through hole 52 of the pressure-reducing chamber.
The above-mentioned three embodiments of the exhaust conductance adjustment means 50 were described, but other embodiments of a restrictor may be formed for the purpose of opening and closing the through hole 52 of the pressure-reducing chamber.
It becomes possible to adjust the flow of gas exhausted from the container over a wide range by operating the separate opening and closing of the exhaust conductance adjustment means 50, or operating the opening and closing of the vacuum valve 19, or operating the opening and closing of the exhaust conductance adjustment means 50 and the vacuum valve 19 by the exhaust conductance adjustment means 50 provided above the container opening.
In the present embodiment, an apparatus of the type in which the opening of the container faces upward is shown, but it is also possible to form a pressure-reducing chamber in which the top and bottom are reversed.
Further, in the present embodiment, a DLC film is the thin film formed by the manufacturing apparatus, but it is also possible to use the film forming apparatus described above when forming a Si-containing DLC film or other thin film.
Next, with reference to
(Manufacturing Method 1)
(Loading Container in Manufacturing Apparatus)
First, a vent (not shown in the drawings) is opened, and the inside of the pressure-reducing chamber 6 is opened to the atmosphere. In this way, air enters the space 40 and the space inside the plastic container 7, and the inside of the pressure-reducing chamber 6 reaches atmospheric pressure. Next, the lower electrode 2 of the container side electrode 3 is removed from the upper electrode 1, and the plastic container 7 is set so that the bottom portion thereof makes contact with the top surface of the lower electrode 2. A PET bottle is used as the plastic container 7, for example. Then, by raising the lower electrode 2, the plastic container 7 is housed in the pressure-reducing chamber 6. At this time, the source gas inlet pipe 9 provided in the pressure-reducing chamber 6 is passed through the opening 10 of the plastic container 7 and inserted inside the plastic container 7, and the facing electrode 5 is arranged above the opening of the container. Further, the container side electrode 3 is sealed by the O-ring 8.
(Operation to Reduce Pressure in Pressure-Reducing Chamber)
When the lower electrode 2 is raised to a prescribed position and the pressure-reducing chamber 6 is sealed, a state is formed in which the periphery of the plastic container 7 makes contact with the inner surface of the lower electrode 2 and the upper electrode 1. Next, after closing the vent, the exhaust means 21 is operated to exhaust the air inside the pressure-reducing chamber 6 through the exhaust port 23. Then, the pressure inside the pressure-reducing chamber 6 is reduced until a required vacuum level of 4 Pa, for example, is reached. This is because there will be too many impurities inside the container when the vacuum level is allowed to exceed 4 Pa.
(Introduction of Source Gas)
Then, the source gas (e.g., a carbon source gas such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon or the like) sent from the source gas supply means 18 which controls the flow rate is introduced inside the plastic container 7 from the blowout hole 9a of the source gas inlet pipe 9. The source gas supply rate is preferably 20˜50 ml/min. The concentration of the source gas becomes fixed, and a prescribed film forming pressure is stabilized at 7˜22 Pa, for example, by balancing the controlled gas flow rate and the exhaust capacity.
(Plasma Film Formation)
By operating the high frequency power source 13, a high frequency voltage is applied between the facing electrode 5 and the container side electrode 3 via the matching unit 12, and source gas type plasma is generated inside the plastic container 7. At this time, the matching unit 12 matches the impedance of the container side electrode 3 and the facing electrode 5 by the inductance L and the capacitance C. In this way, a DLC film is formed on the inner wall surface of the plastic container 7. Further, the output (e.g., 13.56 MHz) of the high frequency power source 13 is approximately 200˜500 W.
Namely, the formation of a DLC film on the inner wall surface of the plastic container 7 is carried out by a plasma CVD method. Namely, as described above, a self bias voltage is applied to the container wall surface, and the ions of the source gas converted to plasma are accelerated in accordance with the strength of the self bias voltage and spattered on the container inner wall surface, whereby a DLC film is formed. By carrying out a CVD process, a very fine DLC film is formed on the inner wall surface of the plastic container 7. By applying a moderate high frequency output, plasma discharge is continued between the container side electrode 3 and the facing electrode 5. The film formation time is several seconds which is short.
At this time, by providing a neck portion offset like that in the apparatus of
Further, after the concentration of source gas becomes fixed and stabilization at a prescribed film formation pressure is achieved by balancing the controlled gas flow rate and the exhaust capacity, the source gas inlet pipe may be removed from the plastic container before plasma generation by operating the source gas inlet pipe insertion/removal means, and then source gas type plasma may be generated inside the plastic container 7 by applying a high frequency voltage between the facing electrode 5 and the container side electrode 3 via the matching unit 12 by operating the high frequency power source 13. At this time, because the source gas inlet pipe is not inside the plastic container during plasma discharge, it is possible to almost completely suppress the adherence of dust.
(Termination of Film Formation)
The RF output from the high frequency power source 13 is stopped, and the supply of source gas is stopped. Then, the hydrocarbon gas inside the pressure-reducing chamber 6 is exhausted by the exhaust pump 20. Then, the vacuum valve 19 is closed, and the exhaust pump 20 is stopped. Then, the vent (not shown in the drawings) is opened to open the inside of the pressure-reducing chamber 6 to the atmosphere, and by repeating the above-described film formation method, a DLC film is formed on the inside of the next plastic container. The film thickness of the DLC film is formed to be 10˜80 nm.
The plastic container manufactured in this way had an oxygen permeability the same as or lower than the carbon film coated plastic container mentioned in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. HEI 8-53117. In the case where a 30 nm (average for the entire container) DLC film was formed on a plastic container having a capacity of 500 ml, a container height of 200 mm, a container body portion diameter of 71.5 mm, a mouth portion opening inner diameter of 21.74 mm, a mouth portion opening outer diameter of 24.94 mm, a container body portion thickness of 0.3 mm, and a resin weight of 32 g/container, the oxygen permeability was 0.0040 ml/container (500 ml PET container)/day (23° C. and RH90%, measurement values after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement).
In the present embodiment, a PET bottle for beverages was used as the container having a thin film formed on the inside, but it is also possible to use containers used for other uses.
(Manufacturing Method 2)
With reference to
The process of loading the container in the manufacturing apparatus is the same as the process described in Manufacturing Method 1 (loading a container in the manufacturing apparatus).
(Operation to Reduce Pressure in Pressure-Reducing Chamber)
The process of reducing the pressure in the pressure-reducing chamber is the same as the process described in Manufacturing Method 1 (operation to reduce pressure in the pressure-reducing chamber).
(Introduction of Source Gas)
Then, while continuing to exhaust the inside of the pressure-reducing chamber 6, namely, the inside of the plastic container, the source gas (e.g., a carbon source gas such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon or the like) sent from the source gas supply means 18 which controls the flow rate is introduced inside the plastic container 7 from the blowout hole 9a of the source gas inlet pipe 9. At this time, the introduction rate of the source gas is 20˜50 ml/min, for example. Then, the inside of the plastic container 7 is replaced by the source gas and the source gas concentration becomes fixed, and a prescribed film forming pressure is stabilized at 7˜22 Pa, for example, by balancing the controlled gas flow rate through the inside of the plastic container 7 and the exhaust capacity.
Then, the exhaust of the inside of the plastic container 7 is almost completely stopped. The stopping of the exhaust is carried out by shutting the vacuum valve 19 of
(Plasma Film Formation)
After the source gas and the source gas pressure inside the plastic container form the state described above, a DLC film is formed on the inner wall surface of the plastic container 7 by carrying out the operations described in Manufacturing Method 1 (plasma film formation). Further, the output (e.g., 13.56 MHz) of the high frequency power source 13 is approximately 200˜500 W.
The film thickness of the DLC film is formed to be 10˜80 nm.
As described above, after the flow of source gas inside the plastic container 7 is slowed and at the same time the pressure distribution inside the container is made roughly uniform, the flow of source gas inside the container is made smaller by the generation of plasma. In this way, there is almost no constriction of source gas accompanying the sudden decrease of cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section of the container vertical axis at the container shoulder portion, the pressure distribution inside the container is uniform, and there is no increase of plasma density at specific parts. In this way, it is possible to prevent the DLC film at specific parts from receiving plasma damage or plasma etching. The DLC film coated plastic container does not have coloration at the shoulder portion, and is almost transparent with a uniform color.
(Termination of Film Formation)
A process for terminating the film formation is carried out by carrying out the operations described in Manufacturing Method 1 (termination of film formation).
A plastic container having a capacity of 500 ml, a container height of 200 mm, a container body portion diameter of 71.5 mm, a mouth portion opening inner diameter of 21.74 mm, a mouth portion opening outer diameter of 24.94 mm, a container body portion thickness of 0.3 mm, and a resin weight of 32 g/container was used as the plastic container. The film thickness of the DLC film in this case was 25 nm (average for the entire container).
(Manufacturing Method 3)
With reference to
The process of loading the container in the manufacturing apparatus is the same as the process described in Manufacturing Method 1 (loading a container in the manufacturing apparatus).
(Operation to Reduce Pressure in Pressure-Reducing Chamber)
The process of reducing the pressure in the pressure-reducing chamber is the same as the process described in Manufacturing Method 1 (operation to reduce pressure in the pressure-reducing chamber).
(Introduction of Source Gas)
Then, the exhaust rate inside the plastic container 7 is made smaller or made zero. The adjustment of exhaust is an adjustment of the vacuum valve 19 of
(Plasma Film Formation)
Then, at the point in time when the pressure distribution inside the plastic container 7 is roughly uniform and a prescribed pressure is reached, a DLC film is formed on the inner wall surface of the plastic container 7 by carrying out the operations described in Manufacturing Method 1 (plasma film formation). Further, the output (e.g., 13.56 MHz) of the high frequency power source 13 is approximately 200˜500 W, and the prescribed pressure inside the container is approximately 10˜50 Pa.
The film thickness of the DLC film is formed to be 10˜80 nm.
In this way, by adjusting the exhaust, after the flow of source gas inside the plastic container 7 is slowed and at the same time the pressure distribution inside the container is made roughly uniform, it is possible to obtain results that are the same as those of Manufacturing Method 2, namely, it is possible to prevent rises in plasma density at specific parts by the generation of plasma. The DLC film coated plastic container does not have coloration at the shoulder portion, and is almost transparent with a uniform color.
(Termination of Film Formation)
A process for terminating the film formation is carried out by carrying out the operations described in Manufacturing Method 1 (termination of film formation).
A plastic container having a capacity of 500 ml, a container height of 200 mm, a container body portion diameter of 71.5 mm, a mouth portion opening inner diameter of 21.74 mm, a mouth portion opening outer diameter of 24.94 mm, a container body portion thickness of 0.3 mm, and a resin weight of 32 g/container was used as the plastic container. The film thickness of the DLC film in this case was 25 nm (average for the entire container).
In Manufacturing Method 2 or Manufacturing Method 3, the manufacturing apparatus of
In Manufacturing Method 2 or Manufacturing Method 3, a manufacturing apparatus in which the container side electrode is a similar shaped electrode like that shown in
Further, in Manufacturing Method 2 or Manufacturing Method 3, the processes up to the point before plasma generation are carried out while the source gas inlet pipe is in an inserted state in the plastic container, and then after the source gas inlet pipe is removed from the plastic container by operating the source gas inlet pipe insertion/removal means directly before plasma generation, source gas type plasma may be generated inside the plastic container 7 by applying a high frequency voltage between the facing electrode 5 and the container side electrode 3 via the matching unit 12 by operating the high frequency power source 13. At this time, because the source gas inlet pipe is not inside the plastic container during plasma discharge, it is possible to almost completely suppress the adherence of dust.
Specific Embodiments Examination of Optimum Offset LengthA PET bottle having an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction of the container was used as the plastic container. The plastic container used in the present embodiments is a PET container having a capacity of 500 ml, a container height of 200 mm, a container body portion diameter of 71.5 mm, a mouth portion opening inner diameter of 21.74 mm and outer diameter of 24.94 mm, a container body portion thickness of 0.3 mm, and a resin weight of 32 g/container of polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET resin RT553 manufactured by Nihon Yunipet (Inc.)).
The apparatus used in the present embodiments is the apparatus shown in
A DLC film was coated by an apparatus (not shown in the drawings) provided with a cylindrical electrode as Comparative Example 1, and by an apparatus provided with a similar shaped electrode in which the container outer wall and the inner wall of the space of the container side electrode are almost touching as Comparative Example 2. The coatings were carried out in accordance with Manufacturing Method 1. The conditions of the apparatus are shown in
Eight standards of the neck portion offset are prepared from 6.2 mm to 13.4 mm, and four standards of the body portion offset are prepared. The electrodes formed with these standard offset lengths were assembled to form container side electrodes. Further, in the present embodiments, Al is used as the material of the electrodes, but it is clear that the same electrode improvement results can be obtained using SUS or another metal.
The method of evaluating the DLC film is as follows. The oxygen permeability of the container was measured under the conditions 23° C. and 90% RH using an Oxtran 2/20 manufactured by Modern Control Company, and measurement values were recorded after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement.
The film thickness of the DLC film was measured using a DEKTAK 3 made by Veeco Company.
The evaluation of the color of the plastic container is indicated by the coloration degree b* value. The b* value is the color difference of JISK 7105-1981, and is calculated by Equation 6 from the tristimulus values X, Y and Z.
b*=200[(Y/Y0)1/3−(Z/Z0)1/3] (Equation 6)
A U-3500 Model automatic recording spectrophotometer manufactured by Hitachi provided with a 600 integrating sphere attached apparatus (for infrared near visible infrared) manufactured by the same company was used. An ultrahigh sensitivity photomultiplier (R928: for visible ultraviolet) and a cooling type PbS (for the near infrared region) were used. As for the measurement wavelengths, the transmittance was measured in the range from 240 nm to 840 nm. By measuring the transmittance of the PET container, it is possible to calculate the transmittance measurement of only the DLC film, but the b* value of the present embodiments as is shows a calculation in a form that includes the absorptance of the PET container. The correlation with b* in the present invention that depends on a visual observation is approximately as shown in Table 4. The b* value of an unprocessed PET container is within the range 0.6˜1.0. Further, when the b* value is 2 or less, the container can be said to be colorless and transparent. The approximate correlation with the b* value difference (Δb* value) that depends on the visual observation is shown in Table 5. In order to satisfy the recycle standard, it has been determined that b* should be 6 or less, and preferably 5 or less.
In the present embodiments, the film forming conditions of the DLC film were set in accordance with Manufacturing Method 1. At this time, except when specifically stated otherwise, the high frequency power source output was 400 W, the flow rate of acetylene which was the source gas was 40 ml/min, and the film forming time was set at 2 seconds. The film thickness of the DLC film was approximately 30 nm (average for the entire container).
By assembling the 16 types shown in Table 1 and Table 2, a film was formed under the conditions described above. The body portion offset length dependence of the oxygen permeability that depends on the difference in electrode structure is shown in
(Oxygen Barrier Property of Container)
With reference to
(Coloration of Container)
On the one hand, with regard to the color degree b* value of the film, with reference to the body portion offset length dependence of
(Examination of Relationship between Oxygen Barrier Property of Container and Coloration of Neck Portion)
From the data of the oxygen barrier property and the coloration given above, the range of the body portion offset length and the neck portion offset length forms the range (blackened portion) shown in
In order to represent this mathematically, an offset coefficient K is introduced. In the case of the containers of the present embodiments, the correlation between the neck portion offset length and the body portion offset length can be prescribed by the equation given below.
d2=K×(D1−D2)/2+d1 (Equation 1)
When K is zero, this represents the cylindrical electrode of Comparative Example 1, and when K is 1, this represents the similar electrode of Comparative Example 2. By introducing this kind of offset coefficient K, it is possible to obtain the electrode design value of the present invention.
The offset coefficient from
0.29≦K≦0.79 where 0.2 mm≦d1≦2.0 mm (Equation 2)
0.11≦K≦0.51 where 2.0 mm<d1≦4.0 mm (Equation 3)
(Introduction of Container Compensation Coefficient α)
The present invention can be applied even in the case of a container in which the body portion and the neck portion have different dimensions. With regard to the shape of the container, in order to show that the present invention can be applied to other shapes, the constant α is introduced to give container dependence to Equation 1. In view of the change in plasma density that depends on the change in size of the neck portion, the degree of plasma concentration at the neck portion is represented by the ratio of the body portion average cross-sectional area and the neck portion average cross-sectional area of the container.
α=(D1/D2)2/3.54 (Equation 5)
By introducing this equation in Equation 1, the following is obtained.
d2=αK×(D1−D2)/2+d1 (Equation 4)
In the present embodiments, (D1/D2)2=3.54, and because this gives α=1, Equation 4 becomes the same equation as Equation 1.
(Comparison of Prior Art DLC Film Having Large b* Value and DLC Film Having Small b* Value Obtained by Apparatus of Present Invention)
The DLC film of the shoulder portion obtained by the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has a small b* value compared with the DLC film of the shoulder portion obtained by a prior art manufacturing apparatus in which the inner wall of the space of the container side electrode housing the container has a similar shape, and there is clearly a difference even when a comparison is carried out by visual observation. In order to show this comparison,
It became clear that the light color of the DLC film formed on the neck portion of the present invention is not due a thin film thickness. The correlation of the film thickness and the b* values is shown in
Further, a comparison of the Raman spectrums of the container of the present invention and the container of Comparative Example 2 (prior art technology) is shown in
Conversely, in Comparative Example 2, it is understood that the peak intensity of the G band is 5.3 times higher compared to the DLC film of Specific Embodiment 1, and the graphite mixing proportion is high.
Accordingly, this increase in the proportion of graphite mixing and carbon double bonds is assumed to make the coloration of the container neck portion darker.
From the b* value and the results of the Raman spectrums, it became clear that the DLC film formed on the container neck portion of the present invention and the DLC film formed on the container neck portion of the prior art technology are DLC films having different film qualities (C bonding states and the like). In the apparatus of the present invention, there are few graphite type carbon sp2 bonding structures, and because it is possible to form a fine DLC film having a high proportion of sp3 bonding structures (diamond structures and the like) on the container neck portion (and body portion), it is possible to manufacture a container having a light uniform color over the entire container while securing an oxygen barrier property.
(Examination of Carbon Atom Content, Hydrogen Atom Content and Amount of Graphite Type Bonding of Film)
The carbon atom content and the hydrogen atom content in the container neck portion of specific embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 5 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 6. In this regard, scaling is carried out so that the carbon atom content and the hydrogen atom content form a total of 100. The measurement device used a RBS (Rutherford backward scattering analyzer) and a HFS (hydrogen forward scattering measurement apparatus). The accelerator was a 5SDH2 manufactured by National Electronics Corporation, the measurement system was a RBS400 manufactured by Charls Evans and Associates, and the RBS and the HFS were used together.
The composition proportion of carbon and hydrogen (carbon atom/hydrogen atom) of the DLC film formed on the neck portion was 37/63˜48/52. In this regard, there is no difference between the specific embodiments and the comparative examples with regard to the body portion carbon content and the body portion hydrogen content, wherein the body portion carbon content was 55˜75 atom %, and the body portion hydrogen content was 25˜45 atom %. Accordingly, in the present embodiments, it is possible for the DLC film formed on the neck portion to have higher hydrogen atom content than the DLC film formed on the body portion.
Further, in Comparative Example 1, the carbon atom content and the hydrogen atom content in the container neck portion were the same as those of Comparative Example 2, but the oxygen barrier property was low as described above, and a prescribed standard was not satisfied.
Next, comparisons of the content of graphite type bonding (SP2) in the container neck portion and the container body portion of specific embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 5 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 7. The comparisons were carried out by conversion to the amount of graphite type bonding per each film thickness. The amount of graphite type bonding was measured using an ESR (electron spin resonance analyzing apparatus, JES-FE2XG, manufactured by JEOL).
As is understood from Table 7, the DLC film formed on the neck portion has a lower graphite mixing proportion than the DLC film formed on the body portion. Namely, the graphite mixing proportion of the DLC film formed on the neck portion is 5˜18% of the graphite mixing proportion of the body portion.
In Comparative Example 2, the amount of graphite type bond mixing of the neck portion and the body portion are the same level. Accordingly, there is more coloration of the neck portion as the thickness of the neck portion becomes larger. In the embodiments, because the amount of graphite type bond mixing is small, it is possible to prevent coloration even when the thickness of the neck portion becomes large.
As described above, in the DLC film coated plastic containers of the present embodiments, the DLC film formed on the neck portion has a lower proportion of graphite mixing and a higher hydrogen atom content than the DLC film formed on the body portion. Moreover, the oxygen permeability of the container was ensured to be less than or equal to 0.0050 ml/container (500 ml PET container)/day (23° C. and RH90%, measurement values after 20 hours from the start of nitrogen gas replacement).
(Examination of Container Manufactured by Manufacturing Method 3)
A PET bottle having an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction of the container was used as the plastic container. The plastic container used in the present embodiments is a PET container having a capacity of 500 ml, a container height of 200 mm, a container body portion diameter of 71.5 mm, a mouth portion opening inner diameter of 21.74 mm and outer diameter of 24.94 mm, a container body portion thickness of 0.3 mm, and a resin weight of 32 g/container of polyethylene terephthalate resin (RT553, PET resin manufactured by Nihon Yunipet (Inc.)).
The apparatus used by the present embodiments is the apparatus shown in
Coating was carried out according to the conditions described in Manufacturing Method 3. The sequence of Manufacturing Method 3 is shown in
In the container of Specific Embodiment 17 manufactured by the processes described above, the average thickness (average for the entire container) of the DLC film was 25 nm, and the b* value of the container neck portion was 3.8, and this made it possible to manufacture a container having a light uniform color over the entire container. Further, the same results were obtained even when the electrode (an electrode in which the neck portion offset length is larger than the body portion offset length) of the present invention shown in
Further, using the apparatus of
A container was manufactured in accordance with Manufacturing Method 3 using the manufacturing apparatus in the case where a tube made of fluororesin is used as the source gas inlet pipe 9 in the apparatus shown in
A container was manufactured in accordance with Manufacturing Method 2 using the manufacturing apparatus in the case where a tube made of fluororesin is used as the source gas inlet pipe 9 in the apparatus shown in
A container was coated with a DLC film to form Specific Embodiment 21 in accordance with the conditions described in Manufacturing Method 2 by the manufacturing apparatus shown in
A container was coated with a DLC film to form Comparative Example 3 in accordance with the conditions described in Manufacturing Method 1 by the manufacturing apparatus shown in
When specific embodiments 17˜22 and Comparative Example 3 are compared, Manufacturing Method 2 and Manufacturing Method 3 are manufacturing methods which make it possible to manufacture a container having a light uniform color over the entire container while securing an oxygen barrier property by reducing degradation due to plasma damage or plasma etching of the DLC film at the neck portion even when applied to either the apparatus in the present invention or the prior art apparatus in which a similar shaped electrode is arranged.
Claims
1-23. (canceled)
24. A method of DLC film coating a plastic container, comprising:
- DLC film coating said container in an apparatus, wherein said apparatus comprises:
- a container side electrode which forms one portion of a pressure-reducing chamber which houses a container formed from plastic in which the cross-sectional area of an opening of said container is smaller than the cross-sectional area of a horizontal cross section at a body portion of said container and a neck portion is provided between said opening and said body portion, and a facing electrode which faces said container side electrode and is arranged inside said container or above said opening, wherein said container side electrode and said facing electrode are made to face each other via an insulating body which forms a portion of said pressure-reducing chamber, source gas supply means which supply a source gas that is converted to plasma for coating the inner wall surface of said container with a diamond like carbon (DLC) film includes a supply gas inlet pipe provided in said pressure-reducing chamber to introduce said source gas supplied to said pressure-reducing chamber to the inside of said container, exhaust means which exhaust gas inside said pressure-reducing chamber from above the opening of said container are provided, and high frequency supply means which supply a high frequency is connected to said container side electrode;
- wherein said container side electrode is formed so that the average inner hole diameter (R2) of the inner wall surrounding said neck portion is smaller than the average inner hole diameter (R1) of the inner wall surrounding said body portion, and the average distance (d2) between the outer wall of said container and the inner wall of said container side electrode in a horizontal cross section with respect to the vertical direction of said container at said neck portion becomes longer than the average distance (d1) between the outer wall of said container and the inner wall of said container side electrode in a horizontal cross section with respect to the vertical direction of said container at said body portion.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein said average distance d2 is formed to be a distance which suppresses the rise in plasma density accompanying the rise in pressure of the source gas converted to plasma at said neck portion inside said container in order to form a roughly uniform plasma density inside said container.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein said average distance d2 is formed to be the same as or shorter than the distance at which the strength of ionic impacts due to collisions of the ions of the source gas converted to plasma with the inner wall surface of said container forms an ionic impact strength capable of forming a DLC film having a prescribed lower limit oxygen barrier property, and said average distance d2 is formed to be the same as or longer than the distance at which the entire wall surface of said container has a roughly uniform color by suppressing coloration of a specific part of said container from said neck portion to said opening caused by plasma damage or plasma etching of the inner wall surface of said container due to the increase in plasma density accompanying the increase in pressure of the source gas converted to plasma in said neck portion inside said container.
27. The method of claim 24, wherein said average distance d2 is formed to be a distance at which the DLC film coated plastic container secures a prescribed oxygen barrier property and the entire wall surface of said DLC film coated plastic container has a roughly uniform color.
28. The method of claim 24, wherein the average diameter of said body portion of said container is made D1, the average diameter of said neck portion is made D2, and in the case where K is made an offset coefficient that satisfies the relationship of Equation 1, the offset coefficient K satisfies the relationship of Equation 2 or Equation 3, and said average distance d2 forms the d2 determined from Equation 1:
- d2=K×(D1−D2)/2+d1 Equation 1
- 0.29≦K≦0.79 where 0.2 mm≦d1≦2.0 mm Equation 2
- 0.11≦K≦0.51 where 2.0 mm<d1≦4.0 mm. Equation 3
29. The method of claim 24, wherein the average diameter of said body portion of said container is made D1, the average diameter of said neck portion is made D2, an offset coefficient that satisfies the relationship of Equation 4 is made K, and when a of Equation 4 is a container compensation coefficient that takes into account the container shape dependency satisfying Equation 5, the offset coefficient K satisfies the relationship of Equation 2 or Equation 3, and said average distance d2 forms the d2 determined from Equation 4:
- 0.29≦K≦0.79 where 0.2 mm≦d1≦2.0 mm Equation 2
- 0.11≦K≦0.51 where 2.0 mm<d1≦4.0 mm Equation 3
- d2=αK×(D1−D2)/2+d1 Equation 4
- α=(D1/D2)2/3.54. Equation 5
30. The method of claim 24, wherein said container has an axial symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis of the vertical direction, and the inner wall shape of said container side electrode is formed to be an axial symmetrical shape with respect to said central axis when said container is housed.
31. The method of claim 24, wherein when said container is housed in said container side electrode, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said body portion of said container is formed to have a cylindrical shape, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said neck portion of said container is formed to have a truncated cone shaped cylindrical shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the container opening, and the inner wall of said container side electrode is formed to have a continuous shape.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding the opening of said container is formed to have a cylindrical shape.
33. The method of claim 24, wherein said body portion of said container has a square tube shape, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said body portion of said container is formed to have a square tube shape, the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding said neck portion of said container is formed to have a truncated pyramid shaped square tube shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the container opening, a square tube shape or a shape which is a combination of these, and the inner wall of said container side electrode is formed to have a continuous shape.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the inner wall of said container side electrode surrounding the opening of said container is formed to have a square tube shape.
35. The method of claim 24, wherein said container side electrode is formed so that d1 is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm.
36. The method of claim 24, wherein said container is a container for beverages.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 25, 2012
Publication Date: Jul 25, 2013
Applicant: KIRIN BEER KABUSHIKI KAISHA (Tokyo)
Inventors: Teruyuki YAMASAKI (Tokyo), Akira SHIRAKURA (Tokyo), Hideyasu ANDO (Tokyo)
Application Number: 13/557,737
International Classification: C23C 16/26 (20060101);
