RELATIVISTIC MECHANICAL DEVICE
A mechanical device includes a prime mover, and a number of rotating masses. Each mass is rotated simultaneously around centers of rotation in two or three planes that are at right angles to each other. The device includes one or more timing devices that are synchronized. The timing devices fix the relationship of the two simultaneous input rotations. In this device, internal energy creates an internal differential that is equalized by an external acceleration of the total mass, and internal energy is transferred to the exterior.
This application is a continuation-in-part of PCT Application No. PCT/US2011/051782, filed on Sep. 15, 2011, the entire contents being incorporated by reference herein. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/383,132 filed on Sep. 15, 2010, the entire contents being incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe term “classical physics” in the context of Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity generally refers to Newtonian Physics, which generally includes the branches of physics developed prior to the development of relativity and quantum mechanics. In general, classical mechanics is based on Newton's Laws of Motion, which can be stated as follows:
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- 1. In the absence of a net force, a body is at rest or moves in a straight line with constant speed.
- 2. A body experience a force F experiences an acceleration that is related to F by F=ma, where m is the mass of the body. Alternatively, forces equal to the time derivative of momentum.
- 3. Whenever a first body exerts a first force F on a second body, the second body exerts a force −F on the first body. F and −F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
The “Theory of Relativity” (or “Relativity” by itself) generally refers to Albert Einstein's Theories of Special Relativity and General Relativity. Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity is often expressed in terms of mass-equivalents or E=mc2. According to the Principals of Relativistic Mechanics, the energy and momentum of an object with invariant mass M moving with a velocity v with respect to a given reference frame are given by:
E=to γ mc2 p=γ mv
respectively.
Where γ (the Lorentz factor) is given by:
The effects that are introduced by the theory of special relativity are wholly unfamiliar to human experience, and the theory itself has aspects that are in conflict with human logic. Yet, all the effects are real and can be measured. Our understanding of the dynamics that create these relativistic effects may be enhanced by a mechanical device that demonstrate the internal dynamics responsible for these effects.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA mechanical device consisting of a prime mover, and a number of rotating masses. Each mass is rotated simultaneously around centers of rotation in two or three planes that are at right angles to each other. Another part of the device consists of one or a number of timing devices that are all synchronized. These timing devices fix the relationship of the two simultaneous input rotations. One of these rotations has a variable angular velocity, the other can have a constant or variable velocity in a cycle of 360°. In the Lorentz equation γ=1/(1−(v/c)2)1/2. The constant “c” is normally defined as the speed of light in this context. However, its meaning herein has been broadened, and c is defined herein to be “THE UNIT GOVERNING VELOCITY OF A DYNAMIC SYSTEM,” and represents the constant angular input velocity of a timing device according to the present invention. The Lorentz equation γ=1/1−(v/c)2)1/2 forms the mathematical basis for the timing device of the present invention, and (1 (v/c)2)1/2 is the cosine if v/c is defined as the sine of the angle that resides between the two vectors namely the hypotenuse and the cosine vector of a right angle triangle that occurs twice in one rotation of the timing device. The cosine of that angle is the inverse of a Lorentz factor. In a mechanical device the numerical magnitude of that factor is a result of the internal dimensional relationships. Special relativity uses the Lorentz factor to derive the relative mass or resisting force. External energy is transferred to the interior. In this device the opposite occurs, internal energy creates an internal differential that is equalized by an external acceleration of the total mass. Internal energy is transferred to the exterior.
For purposes of description herein, the terms “upper,” “lower,” “right,” “left,” “rear” “front,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as oriented in
A base relativistic unit may consist of two directional units, (one of these units is shown in
With reference to
A primary rotor 30 includes a rigid upper structure 31, a lower rigid structure 32, and one or more vertically extending rigid interconnecting structures 33. The lower structure 32 is rotatably interconnected with second shaft 20 by ball bearings 34, and upper structure 31 is rotatably interconnected with upper portion 12 of frame 11 by a pin or shaft 35 and ball bearings 34. Thus, primary rotor 30 rotates about vertical axis 25 relative to frame 11, as shown by the arrow 36.
Directional unit 10 also includes a vertical shaft 40 that is rotatably interconnected to upper structure 31 of primary rotor 30 by a ball bearing 41. The vertical shaft 40 is rotatably interconnected to interconnecting structure 33 of primary rotor 30 by a bracket 42 and ball bearing 43. Thus, shaft 40 rotates relative to primary rotor 30 about a vertical axis 45. Vertical axis 45, in turn, rotates about vertical axis 25 as primary rotor 30 rotates relatively to frame 11.
Vertical shaft 40 is operably interconnected with second shaft 20 by a three-ring coupler or coupling 50. With further reference to
Referring again to
A shaft 85 is also operably connected to power source 18 to provide rotation to shaft 85. Shaft 85 is operably interconnected to shaft 35 by a timing device 90. So the relationship of a certain differential in angular velocities, between shaft 35 and shaft 15, are always maintained. The location of the timing device shown in
With further reference to
In
A timing device 90 may be used for each of the two simultaneous input rotations. AV1 of the top timing device constitutes the “unit governing velocity.” As shown in
Masses 76 and 78 rotate in opposite directions (
The mass units 82 and 84 of
As shown in
((1/(1−sin α))/(1+sin α))1/2=1/cos α
If v/c of the Lorentz equation 1/((1−(v/c)2)1/2 is sin α then ((1 (v/c)2)1/2=cos α. The Lorentz factor that is used for relative mass in special relativity and the relative frequency factor of the device coincide when the relationships are the same. A relativistic device always features a relative unity and that unity can adopt any value, from one to infinity. However, the velocity it adopts can never be exceeded by any other velocity of a mass within that system. Also the relativistic factor 1/cos α once established is not influenced by velocity.
The distances between points F & D and D & G define a relative frequency of the device=(1/FD)/DG, and the effective relative frequency is I/cos α=√(1/FD)/DG=√(1/(1−sin α))*(1/(1+sin α)). T is the time center that is used in order to project the influence of the timing device on the path of the mass.
Referring again to
Two of the four curves 113 and 114 have the same radius and frequency. The centers of these four individual rotations are located in empty space. Their curves are formed by a projection from the two simultaneous motions of the mass in three planes. None of these virtual centers of rotation coincides with the real centers of rotation D and m in time (the real center of rotation m is a moving center and rotates around center D). These virtual centers of rotation seem to instantaneously move from one position to another, exerting no force whatsoever on the mass due to that motion. (Motion in zero time) Therefore there is no change in energy or velocity of the mass due to the change in radius, but the frequency will change inversely proportionally to the change in radius. Normally it would be expected that the frequency would increase inversely proportional to the square of the relative distance. This is the case when the mass moves towards the center of rotation. However, the difference here is that the center of rotation moves towards or away from the mass.
The center T of rotation, moves instantaneously to position M′ changing the radius from 1 to 0.707 and the frequency from 1 to 1.414, but not effecting the tangential velocity of the mass.
It must be understood, that for purposes of simplicity, the following representation has been idealized. The mass therefore has the following properties as it moves from G to E. All quantities are relative to 1:
The radius=0.707
The frequency=1.414
The time=1/1.414=0.707
The tangential velocity=1
The radial force=12/0.707=1.414
The directional velocity in the +y direction at point E=I×0.707=0.707
The average −y directional force=1.414×0.707×4/π=1.2732
The relative directional −y momentum=1.2732×0.707=0.9
The center M′ of rotation of curve 111 moves instantaneously to position K, changing the radius from 0.707 to 1.06 and the frequency to (0.707/1.06) 1.414=0.943, but not effecting the tangential velocity.
Part of the action occurs after the rotation in the z-y plane when member 77 of
The radius=0.5
The tangential frequency for the upper curvex=0.943×1.06/0.5=2
The +y directional velocity at C=0.5
The +x directional velocity at C=0.5
The tangential velocity of the mass at C=(0.52+0.52)½=0.707
With further reference to
Properties of the xy Side, as the Mass Moves from Point L to Point F
The radius=0.5
The frequency=2
The time=0.5
The effective tangential velocity=0.707
The radial force=0.7072/0.5=1
The +y relative momentum=1×0.5+0.207=0.707 The above numbers are effective numbers since the +y velocity that enters at point C is the only velocity that can be translated. See geometric mechanical calculation on
Since the effective arc in the −y and the +y direction are both 45° from G to E and from L to F, the adjustment for the directionality factor of 0.9 of the radial force does not have to be accounted for in the relativistic calculation or number. But will have to be taken into account when the relative numbers are converted into real numbers by giving the unit real size, mass and frequency. Therefore,
The relative +y force=1
The relative +y directional momentum=1×0.707=0.707
The relative −y directional momentum=0.707×1.414=−1.000
The directional relative momentum differential is −0.293 This internal differential is opposed by the total mass of the unit and the mass it is attached to, providing an acceleration for the assembly. The relativistic or Lorentz factor is 1/0.707=1.414
The purpose of this numerical example is to illustrate that all the relativistic properties have been successfully incorporated into a mechanical device and are all in total agreement with those obtained by special relativity, when both have the same velocity relationships. It further demonstrates that a relativistic propulsion device can be designed to meet a specific need just like any other mechanical device.
However it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative combinations and proportionalities in addition to those already mentioned as follows:
A third input could be added in the third plane that would not change the concept of the basic system but might be helpful in optimizing its results.
Four different combinations of rotation and distances are possible resulting in four families of relativistic curves. One relativistic curve of the first family has been shown and described in detail. Since all follow the same process, the general description of the others below should be considered sufficient.
Family 1
a) Relationships of angular velocities:
Mass center of rotation m constant. Primary center of rotation D variable.
b) Relationship of distances:
Distance between centers of rotation relative unity 1. Radius of gyration of mass around mass center of rotation relative sin α, (relative to 1)
Family 2
a) Relationship of angular velocities:
Mass center of rotation m variable. Primary center of rotation D constant.
b) Same as FAMILY 1.
Family 3
a) Same as FAMILY 1.
b) Relationship of distances:
Distances between centers of rotation relative sin α. Radius of gyration of the mass around the mass center of rotation unity 1.
Family 4
a) Same as FAMILY 2.
b) Same as FAMILY 3.
In devices where masses rotate in three planes, the mechanical combination of relationships are the same, but there are more possible combinations since three rotations are combined with three distances. Not all combinations are necessarily used for practical exploitation, but all are useful for scientific and research purposes.
With reference to
A primary rotor assembly 30A includes vertical struts 31A and 32A that are joined by top plate 33A and lower plate 34A. To lower plate 34A is fastened a tubular extension 35A that extends into gear assembly 50A. To the top plate 33A is fastened shaft 36A that is operably connected to the output angular velocity of the timing device 90A. The operation of the timing device 90A is substantially the same as timing device 90 described above. Unit 10A includes four horizontal members 37A, 38A, 39A, and 40A. Horizontal members 37A and 38A support mass unit 82A, and are rotated by the timing belt system 60A. Horizontal members 39A and 40A support mass unit 84A that is rotated by timing belt system 61A. The mass unit 84A and timing belt system 61A are substantially the same as the corresponding components described above.
A shaft 85A is also connected to power source 18A to provide rotation to shaft 85A. Shaft 85A is operably interconnected to shaft 36A by a timing device 90A. Thus, the relationship of a certain differential in angular velocities, between shaft 36A and shaft 16A, are always maintained at any given time in a rotation of 360°, regardless of the angular velocity of the power source.
If the timing device 90A is used for two simultaneous rotations in two planes as shown in
Masses 76A and 78A rotate in opposite directions. In the illustrated example, mass 76A rotates in a clockwise direction, and mass 78A rotates in a counterclockwise direction. However, the direction of rotation of masses 76A and 78A could be switched, such that mass 78A rotates in a clockwise direction, and mass 76A rotates in a counterclockwise direction. Mass 76A, arm 77A, and associated components comprise the first mass unit 82A, and the second mass 78A and associated arm 79A and other components comprise a second mass unit 84A. The multiplicity of the masses serves only one of two basic purposes, namely to neutralize forces in a certain axis by complimentary interference, or to increase the frequency of the impulse if connected sequentially.
Referring again to
The gear ratio between gear 51A and 52A is selected such that shaft 53A rotates at ½ the angular velocity of the primary rotor assembly 30A in bearings 54A, 55A in lower frame portion 13A. Gear 56A is mounted on shaft 53A and meshes with gear 57A with a gear ratio of 1 to 1. Gear 57A is rotatably mounted with bearing 58A on tubular extension 35A. The differential U frame 22A of the differential assembly 20A is rigidly fastened to gear 57A and rotates at ½ of the angular velocity in the same direction as the primary rotor assembly 30A. The differential U frame 22A is provided with a shaft 23A rotatably mounted in bearings 24A and 26A. Miter gear 27A is mounted on one side of shaft 23A and meshes with miter gears 21A and 28A. Gear 28A is mounted on shaft 44A that resides in the tubular extension 35A and is rotatably mounted on the lower end with bearing 59A located in the differential U frame 22A and at the upper end in bearing 45A located in lower plate 34A of the primary rotor assembly 30A. A counter weight 29A is also mounted on shaft 23A with clearance provided between it and gears 21A and 28A to balance the differential U frame assembly.
It will be understood that miter gear 27A will have an angular velocity of ½ the angular velocity of the primary rotor 30A plus the angular input velocity of shaft 16A. Miter gear 28A and shaft 44A will then have an angular velocity of miter gear 27A plus the angular velocity of the differential U frame 22A or the angular velocity of the primary rotor 30A plus the angular velocity of the shaft 16A.
Referring again to
As shown in
Accordingly, it will be understood that the masses rotate simultaneously in two planes, in one plane with the variable angular velocity of shaft 36A of the primary rotor and in the other plane with the angular velocity of input shaft 16A.
Claims
1. A mechanical device, comprising:
- a frame;
- a plurality of masses, where each of the masses is provided with two or three input rotations.
- a first input shaft rotatably mounted to the frame such that the first input shaft rotates about a primary axis;
- a second input shaft rotatably interconnected to the frame;
- a motor operably connected to at least a selected one of the first and second input shafts directly and the other through a timing-device for powered rotation of the two input shafts;
- a rotor structure mounted rotatably to the first input shaft and connected to the second input shaft for rotation about the primary axis;
- a third shaft rotatably connected to the rotor structure and defining a secondary axis that is spaced-apart from the first axis to define a distance;
- a coupling device mechanically interconnecting the first input shaft and the third shaft such that the first input shaft and the third shaft rotate at the same angular rate, and wherein the coupling device permits the rotor structure to rotate simultaneously at a one angular velocity while ensuring that the first input shaft and the third shaft can rotate at a different angular rate.
2. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 1, that when attached to another object will provide thrust and propulsion for the assembly or can be utilized for other means, wherein the necessary force is internally created by an internal relativistic differential of forces that result from an interaction of simultaneous and timed angular velocities of each mass around centers of rotation in different planes.
3. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the masses rotate around rotational centers in two or more planes simultaneously, and wherein the rotations are within each other, and wherein one or more rotations have constantly variable angular velocities such that time and distance in these dynamics are constantly variable quantities in each rotation and are repetitive in each subsequent rotation, and wherein time and distance are variable quantities that fulfill the requirements of relativity.
4. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 1, wherein each mass rotates simultaneously around centers of rotation in three planes at right angles to each other, and wherein energy and momentum are exchanged between the axes, and wherein the three simultaneous rotations in three planes are related, timed, and directionalized by one or more timing devices, and wherein masses relative to the other masses are synchronized sequentially in time, in order to increase the frequency of the impulse.
5. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the dynamics of the conservation of the angular momentum are utilized, but only allows the frequency to be the inverse of the relative distance instead the inverse square of the relative distance, and wherein distance is exchanged for angular velocity, and wherein the magnitude of the external relative directional momentum is controlled by a relativistic angle α, and wherein the relativisic angle is defined where two simultaneous rotations, one radially and one tangentially, describe the maximum angle differential between them in one rotation, and wherein the angle differential is the angle that in turn determines the relativistic value of the device.
6. A mechanical device that uses a process consisting of dimensions and dynamics derived from the Lorentz equation wherein the factor c is defined as the governing velocity of a dynamic system and the mechanical device demonstrates relativistic phenomena similar to Special Relativity independent of the speed of light.
7. A mechanical device, comprising:
- a frame;
- a plurality of masses, where each of the masses is provided with two or three input rotations.
- a first input shaft rotatably mounted to the frame such that the first input shaft rotates about a primary axis;
- a second input shaft rotatably interconnected to the frame;
- a timing device;
- a motor operably connected to the two input shafts, wherein at least a selected ore of the input shafts is connected to the timing device.
- a rotor structure mounted rotatably to the first input shaft and connected to the second input shaft for rotation about the primary axis;
- A vertical line through the rotational center of the masses that are rotatably connected to the rotor structure and defining a secondary axis that is spaced-apart from the first axis to define a distance;
- a coupling device mechanically interconnecting the first input shaft, through other rotatable parts, with the center of rotation of the masses, and wherein the coupling device permits the rotor structure to rotate simultaneously at a different rate then the first shaft or the masses around the mass center of rotation.
8. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 7, that when attached to another object will provide thrust and propulsion for the assembly or can be utilized for other means, wherein the necessary force is internally created by an internal relativistic differential of forces that result from an interaction of simultaneous and timed angular velocities of each mass around centers of rotation in different planes.
9. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 7, wherein each of the masses rotate around rotational centers in two or more planes simultaneously, and wherein the rotations are within each other, and wherein one or more rotations have constantly variable angular velocities such that time and distance in these dynamics are constantly variable quantities in each rotation and are repetitive in each subsequent rotation, and wherein time and distance are variable quantities that fulfill the requirements of relativity.
10. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 7, wherein each mass rotates simultaneously around centers of rotation in three planes at right angles to each other, and wherein energy and momentum are exchanged between the axes, and wherein the three simultaneous rotations in three planes are related, timed, and directionalized by one or more timing devices, and wherein masses relative to the other masses are synchronized sequentially in time, in order to increase the frequency of the impulse.
11. A mechanical device as set forth in claim 7, wherein the dynamics of the conservation of the angular momentum are utilized, but only allows the frequency to be the inverse of the relative distance instead the inverse square of the relative distance, and wherein distance is exchanged for angular velocity, and wherein the magnitude of the external relative directional momentum is controlled by a relativistic angle α, and wherein the relativisic angle is defined where two simultaneous rotations, one radially and one tangentially, describe the maximum angle differential between them in one rotation, and wherein the angle differential is the angle that in turn determines the relativistic value of the device.
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 15, 2013
Publication Date: Aug 8, 2013
Inventor: Walter Paulssen (Hot Springs Village, AR)
Application Number: 13/833,537
International Classification: F01D 25/00 (20060101);