VENTILATION DEVICE FOR GENERATING UNIFORM FLUID FLOWS, AND A DRIVE UNIT FOR A DEVICE OF SAID TYPE
A device according to the present disclosure (60) for generating a directed fluid flow comprises a support structure (1); a rotary structure (5) disposed in relation to the support structure so as to be rotatable around a first axis of rotation (10); and at least one active element (61, 61′) disposed on the rotary structure (5) so as to be rotatable around a second axis of rotation (9,9′), and which has an active surface (67). The at least one active element is rotatably connected to the rotary structure and the support structure such that, when the rotary structure rotates in relation to the support structure by one revolution around the first axis of rotation in a first direction of rotation, the at least one active element rotates in relation to the rotary structure by half of one revolution around the second axis of rotation in the opposite direction of rotation.
The invention relates to a device for generating fluid flows, particularly ventilation devices for generating air flow, as well as drive units for generating superimposed rotational movements of active elements, particularly slated to such devices for the purpose of generating fluid flows.
PRIOR ARTModern tabletop, standing and ceiling fans are for the most part constructed as axial-flow fans, wherein the axis of rotation of the axial-flow rotor extends parallel or axially, respectively, relative to the air flow. The air is moved by the axial-flow rotor. Axial-flow fans have comparatively minimal dimensions while still providing a relatively high throughput of conveyed air. Fans typically do not include a compression housing (pressure ratio between intake side and pressure side>1). Correspondingly, such housing-less continuous-flow machines are in fact propeller machines.
Fans for residential and occupational environments generally suffer from certain disadvantages. In general, propeller fans generate air flows that are much too strong and too directional. The relevant measurement unit for the strength of a fan is primarily the air volume that can be transported per time unit. Typically, a great amount of air in excess of what is needed is circulated, thereby resulting in unnecessarily high energy costs.
The fast air flow blows directly against the user, which is often perceived as uncomfortable, especially when the flow is directed in the area of the face. Since large air flows also swirl around much dust as well as pathogens distributing them throughout the room, health problems can result. Due to the fact that the machine rotates at a high speed, and propellers chop up the air, unwanted noise is generated and bothersome fluttering or flapping occurs, which is perceived as disturbing especially at nighttime and in quiet locations.
Fans usually include a grating that is intended as a protective shield against fast turning rotor blades. However, the danger persists, for example, for small children, because the clearances within the grating are not narrow enough. Attempts have been made to develop alternate ventilation devices. For example, DE 2005050055 discloses a ventilation device that provides for a linearly pivoting fan. By providing for an asymmetrical and flexible shape design of the fan, an air flow is generated that is directed in a certain direction. To change the direction, the entire apparatus must be rotated.
US 2010/0226751 A1 discloses a ventilation device in form of a standing fan that provides for air being sucked in through openings in the carrier column, which is then is pumped into an angular nozzle from where said air is discharged as an angular primary air flow. The air flow pulls further air along with it, and a directional air flow is created. A device of this kind does not include any accessible, fast-moving parts and is, therefore, less hazardous. However, the apparatus is afflicted by problems due to noise because of the fast rotating fan that transports the primary air flow, on the one hand, and discharge noises at the nozzle, on the other hand. Moreover, the air flow is strong, because the system is no longer functional with lower air-conveying outputs.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTIONIt is therefore the object of the present invention to describe a device for generating fluid flows, particularly a ventilation device that does not suffer from the disadvantages of the prior art as mentioned above, or from further disadvantages.
In particular, a ventilation device of this kind shall have low energy consumption and run as quietly as possible.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a ventilation device that is functional without fast moving parts, and thus without injury risk.
It is a further object of the invention to provide advantageous drive units for generating superimposed rotational movements by active elements. In particular, a drive unit of this kind shall be suitable for powering a ventilation device according to the invention.
A drive unit of this kind shall allow for a compact construction. It shall generate minimal noise emissions and low energy consumption. A drive unit of this kind shall be cost-effective and easy to manufacture, and it shall be made of as few components as possible.
Advantageously, the device shall allow for changing the gear ratio and/or for flexible controlling of the two rotational movements during operation.
These and other tasks are achieved by a ventilation device according to the invention and a drive unit according to the invention corresponding to the independent claims. Further advantageous embodied examples are set forth in the dependent claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention is an apparatus that generates a gentle, directional and adjustable flow in a fluid, particularly air. A device of this kind can be used anywhere where there is a demand or need for a gentle, directional and adjustable air flow. As an air flow machine, the device is especially suited for applications in residential, occupational and public environments as a direct cooling means for one person or several people using an air flow, or generally for improving the air circulation in a room.
In a ventilation device according to the invention, a directional air flow is generated by means of the superimposed movements of a single or a plurality of paddles and a rotating plate connected thereto. The rotating plate rotates around the own vertical axis thereof, which, in turn, is disposed orthogonally relative to the generated flow axis. The paddles, which are offset relative to the vertical axis of the rotating plate, rotate for every revolution of the rotating plate by one half of a revolution around the own vertical axis thereof, however in the opposite direction relative to the rotation of the rotating plate. This superimposed movement has the effect that a certain air volume is taken up over the impingement surface of the paddle, accelerated and released in the direction that is orthogonal relative to the paddle surfaces in the direction of rotation.
A device according to the invention for generating a directional fluid flow, particularly a directional air flow, by means of moving an active element with an active surface in a fluid comprises a support structure, a rotary structure that is rotatably supported in relation to the support structure around a first axis of rotation, and at least one active element with an active surface that is rotatably supported on the rotary structure around a second axis of rotation. The at least one active element is operatively connected to the rotary structure and the support structure in such a manner that, upon a rotation of the rotary structure in relation to the support structure around the first axis of rotation at a first frequency of rotation, the at least one active element rotates in relation to the rotary structure by a second rotational speed around the second axis of rotation. The ratio between the first and second frequency of rotation is >1. Preferably, the ratio is ≧1.5 and especially preferred ≧1.7.
The ratio between the first and the second frequency of rotation is advantageously <3, preferably ≦2.5, and especially preferred ≦2.25.
Even more advantageously, the ratio between the first and the second frequency of rotation is between 1.9 and 2.1, and especially preferred 2, which corresponds to a constant direction of action. A ratio that is not 2, in turn, has the advantage that the direction of action is not constant.
In the present configuration, the rotary structure and the support structure are rotatably connected in such a manner that, upon a rotation of the rotary structure around the first axis, in a certain angular position, the active surface of the paddle is radially disposed in relation to the rotary structure such that the active surface moves frontally in the air. The active element has the maximum effect thereof in this position, because the active surface thereof moves perpendicularly in relation to the air. The normal of the active surface of the active element in the aforementioned position defines the entire direction of action of the device in the mentioned position. The related angular position can be defined in that the normal of the active surface is parallel relative to the tangent of a circle in this position, whereby said circle is described by the intersection of the movement of the second axis of rotation with a normal plane in relation to the first axis of rotation.
In an angular position that is shifted by 180°, the active surface of the paddle is disposed tangentially relative to the rotary structure, such that the active surface essentially does not pose any air resistance.
Preferably, the active elements are substantially configured as flat paddles.
A device of this kind can be implemented in the context of diverse embodied examples, providing various adjustment options to the user. The device operates with a small energy expenditure and at minimum noise. The air flow is generated by means of a special arrangement and movement of a paddle apparatus having a single or a plurality of paddles. The generation of the movement pattern of the device and the paddle can be achieved by different drive variants.
Preferably, the device rotates slower than conventional fans, thereby ensuring the safety of the application, especially for children. Certain embodied examples can be automatically locked or switched off when an external force is applied to the paddles.
The device according to the invention is scalable and can be embodied in different sizes, thereby allowing for an implementation, for example, as miniature, tabletop, standing, wall and ceiling fans. The device therein can be positioned as lying, standing of hanging, all the while maintaining the same direction of action thereof.
In an advantageous embodied example of a device according to the invention, the second direction of rotation is equal to the first direction of rotation. This is seen from the perspective of an outside observer. Seen in the reference system of the rotary structure, on the other hand, the at least one active element would rotate in an opposite direction. While the first perspective is important for an understanding of the relationship between time-dependent direction of action and frequency ratio, the second perspective is relevant for an understanding of the transfer of the rotational movement between rotary structure and active elements.
In another advantageous embodied example of a device according to the invention, the first axis of rotation of the rotary structure and the second axis of rotation of the active elements are parallel.
In another embodied example, the angle between the first axis of rotation of the rotary structure and the second axis of rotation of the active elements is less than 90°, preferably less than 45°, particularly preferred less than 30°.
The angle between the paddle axis and the axis of rotation of the rotating plate can be configured in the off-state, for example by way of holding means with different angles on the rotating plate. The holding means angle can also be modified during operation using an additional drive machine, or also a mechanical drive and an adjustment screw.
The flow strength of the air flow can be configured in stages or gradually within certain limits in the off-state, and/or it can be adjusted during operation by increasing the speed of the drive powering the rotating plate. The characteristic of the flow can be configured in the off-state, by replacing the paddles with other paddles, that can have different shapes and sizes (and therefore impingement areas) or material properties (elastic, rigid). A more constant strength of the air flow and/or a higher conveying output at the same speed can be achieved by increasing the number of paddles. This is also accompanied by an esthetic effect.
The direction of action, meaning the direction of the generated air flow can be automatically changed in the horizontal position during operation, and is able to rotate, for example at a certain cadence over the full 360°, around the vertical axis of the rotating plate. In such a mode of rotation, the device thus generates a directional air flow, and the direction of action of which rotates within a certain amount of time one time by 360°. The speed of this rotation and the direction of the rotation can be configured in the switched-off state or adjusted during running operation, or made available in a fixed configuration. For example, the gear ratio can be selected as non-equal 2:1; or it is possible to provide an additional drive. An adjustment of the direction of flow by 180° can also be achieved by reversing the direction of rotation of the rotary structure and of the active elements. At a gear ratio that is non-equal 2:1, this also reverses the direction of rotation of the direction of action.
It is also possible to pivot the generated direction of flow within a certain angular range. In such an oscillation mode, the device covers a wider angular range, as known from conventional fans that have rotors which are often also pivotable. Contrary to these conventional devices, however, it is not necessary to pivot the entire device; only the alignment of the active elements must be pivoted.
If a time-dependent change of the direction of flow shall be achieved by means of a gear ratio that is different from 2:1, the change of the direction of flow results from the following relationship: the first frequency of rotation of the rotary structure shall be f1, and the second frequency of rotation of the active element shall be f2, at a ratio of R=f1/f2. Resulting for the angle of rotation β of the rotary structure and the angle of rotation of the active element α is the ratio of R=β/α. The angle β, α=0° therein is an angle of rotation for which the active element is in the position with maximum active output in which the normal of the active surface, as described above, defines the direction of action.
If R is not 2, with R=2+d, there results a change of the direction of action by an angle ι. If for β=0° the active element is perpendicular relative to the direction of action, and if β′ is the angle of rotation for which an active element is perpendicular relative to the new direction of action, with β′+δ=360°, then it must apply for this angle of rotation β′=α′+180°. Simultaneously, it always applies β′=R*α′. After conversion the result is δ=−180°*([R−2]/[R−1]), and/or δ=180°*(−d/[1+d]). For small d<<1, the result is δ≈180°*(−d).
To achieve the angular position β′, the rotary structure needs t′=)(β′/360°*(1/f1). The angular frequency of the direction of action is thus 360°*fw=|δ|/t′=|δ|[(1−δ/360°]|*f1. The frequency of the change of the direction of action is thus fw=f1*|δ/(360°−δ)|, and/or for small d<<1: fw≈f1*(|δ/360°|)=(|d/2|)*f1.
If, for example, R=1.99 (and/or R=2.01), and thus d=−0.01 (and/or d=0.01), and the rotary structure rotates with a frequency of f1=20 r/min, then there results δ=180°*(0.01/1.01)=1.8° (and/or −1.8°). The direction of action rotates with the frequency fw=0.005*20 r/min=0.1 r/min. Every 10 minutes, the direction of action rotates one time around the first axis of rotation.
With R=1.9 and/or 2.1 there results already fw≈0.05*20 r/min=1 r/min. This means, the direction of action rotates each minute one time by 360°. If R is even R=1.8 (and/or R=2.2), then it applies fw=2.2 r/min and/or 1.8 r/min.
To achieve an effective air flow, it is necessary for the active surfaces to cooperate with a certain direction of action, such that a corresponding movement can result in the fluid. Correspondingly, the ratio of the two frequencies of rotation R=f1/f2 should not deviate too much from 2. The greater the number of active elements that are included in a device, the greater is the number of active surfaces that operate per revolution of the rotating plate in the direction of action, and the stronger is the resulting air flow. The same applies for larger active surfaces. Correspondingly, in such a case, the deviation of the ratio from 2 can be selected as greater, and an air flow can still be generated. In the aforementioned example of a device according to the invention with an active element and with f1=20 r/min, an active element acts ca. every 3 seconds in the direction of action pushing the air ahead of the same. The “active frequency” is thus ⅓ Hz. With a device having two active elements, this occurs every 1.5 s, and with three active elements every second (active frequency 1 Hz), etc.
The frequency of rotation of the direction of action should, advantageously, be at least eight times smaller than the frequency of rotation of the rotary structure, such that an air flow that is directed according to the invention can form, A=fw/f1≦⅛. In a back-calculation this corresponds to an angle of rotation δ≦360° A/(A+1)=40°, and/or −δ≦360° A/(A−1)=51°. This, in turn, corresponds to a deviation −d≦0.28 and/or d≦0.22. Correspondingly, R should be within the range of ca. 1.72 to ca. 2.22.
In the vertical position (with the device standing), the wind direction can be configured via a certain angle in the off-state and/or adjusted during operation, for example by the use of an electrical drive. To this end, for example, except for the base plate, the complete device can be supported on a rotating horizontal axis.
Advantageously, in the device according to the invention, the at least one active element includes a drive gear that is connected thereto in a torque-resistant or rotatable manner, and the drive gear is rotatably connected to the support structure. It is especially advantageous in such an embodied example for the drive gear of the active elements to be rotatably connected via V-belts and/or intermediate gears to a center gear, wherein the mentioned center gear is disposed as fixed or reversibly locked relative to the support structure. Alternately, especially advantageously, the drive gears of the active elements are connected to a ring gear, wherein said ring gear is disposed as fixed or reversibly locked relative to the support structure.
In the previously mentioned devices according to the invention, the active elements are advantageously actuated by means of a drive motor that rotates the rotary structure relative to the support structure.
The actuation of an active element can be achieved by an direct drive motor that rotates the active element per the drive gear relative to the rotary structure.
A further advantageous embodied example according to the invention includes at least one drive unit, wherein the rotary structure and the at least one active element are rotatably connected to a drive unit, and a center gear, which is coaxially disposed relative to the first axis of rotation, is rotatably connected to the at least one active element, wherein the aforementioned center gear can be rotated in relation to the support structure and the rotary structure around the first axis of rotation. Especially advantageously, the center gear and the rotary structure are powered by a common drive unit, or by two different drive units.
The center gear and the rotary structure can have different speeds, with the same rotational speed of the drive unit.
Two or more coupling units can be provided by which the at least one drive unit can be rotatably connected to the center gear and the rotary structure, wherein the two or more coupling units can be alternately activated. With a variant of this kind, advantageously, two or more coupling units generate different speed ratios between center gear and rotary structure and/or between center gear and drive unit and/or between rotary structure and drive unit. Particularly advantageously, two coupling units are provided; and it is possible to switch back and forth between them by changing the direction of rotation of the drive unit. Preferably, the coupling units are configured such that the directions of rotation of the center gear and the rotary structure (5) are independent of the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
Another advantageous variant of a device according to the invention provides for an auxiliary drive and an addition gear with a sun gear, a ring gear and a planet carrier means that is rotatably disposed between the ring gear and the sun gear. Planetary gears are rotatably disposed on the planet carrier means that rotatably connect the ring gear, the planet carrier means and the sun gear. A drive unit, the auxiliary drive and the center gear are rotatably connected, respectively, with one of the three units ring gear, planet carrier means and sun gear. The drive unit is preferably rotatably connected to the sun gear, the auxiliary drive is preferably rotatably connected to the ring gear and the center gear to the planet carrier means.
Advantageously, the rotary structure of a device according to the invention includes at least one active element holding means in which the active element can be reversibly fastened.
In a device according to the invention, it is possible to dispose solar cells on the active elements. Such a device according to the invention can be implemented with or without storage battery for energy storage. A paddle can thus, for example, supply the energy for the own rotation thereof.
Another device according to the invention is implemented with an accumulator (battery) inside the paddle. The storage battery can be charged by a charging device via an interface in the off-state, or it can be disassembled and recharged, or the battery is removable. The drive therein can be implemented in the paddles or inside the housing. Communication can occur between the paddles and external devices (for example, for remote operation or synchronization).
Light sources can be disposed on the active elements. The light sources can be LEDs, for example. A light effect (for example, a pattern against the ceiling, housing, enveloping sleeve or illumination of the paddle) can be achieved by an arrangement of the light sources on the housing or on the rotating plate. A transparent or translucent paddle can be turned into an illuminated paddle with integrated or external (for example, in the housing by means of an optical waveguide) light sources. A paddle can be used as a lamp, for example, when light sources are disposed on the paddle surface.
A plurality of devices can be connected to each other in such a manner that a new device assembly is achieved. Preferably, the devices therein have a paddle angle of 0° (parallel-rotating paddles), such that the result is a common direction of flow. This way, it is possible, for example, to obtain devices with large flow areas in a space-saving manner, for example across an entire wall of a room.
The devices according to the invention can be configured for standing, lying or hanging operation. For example, a device according to the invention can be configured as a tabletop device, or it can be mounted on a wall or a ceiling.
A device according to the invention can be combined with different other output options, such as, for example, the dissemination of light, music or odor.
The appearance of the device can be modified by exchangeable paddles having different shapes, colors, housings, materials, etc. in order to customize the device.
The energy supply is provided by means of the mains, an external solar module or solar cells that are integrated in the housing and that are optionally provided with a charging and storage battery unit, removable and thus rechargeable by the sun. Also possible is an energy supply via a USB interface or by means of integrated or removable batteries, or storage batteries.
The device can be combined with a display indicator for temperature, humidity, internet news feed, calendar, birthday calendar or other information.
If a plurality of devices are operated simultaneously in a room, the devices can be operated by a single remote control, and/or they can be electronically synchronized.
A drive unit according to the invention for generating superimposed rotational movements of active elements comprises at least a drive unit, a support structure, a rotary structure that is disposed with the ability to rotate around a first axis of rotation in relation to the support structure, and the rotary structure is rotatably connected to the drive unit; and a simple or a plurality of holding means for the active elements that are supported with the ability to rotate around second axes of rotation, which are rotatably connected to the drive unit. A center gear that is rotatably connected to the holding means of the active elements is coaxially disposed relative to the first axis of rotation, wherein the aforementioned center gear can be rotated with regard to the support structure and the rotary structure around a first axis of rotation.
The term rotating in this sense means that the center gear and the rotary structure are not connected in a torque-resistant manner. However, depending on the embodiment, an indirect, rotatable coupling can be present between the center gear and the rotary structure.
The active element can be, for example, a bar and a paddle having a certain shape and active surface for generating the directed air flow, and which is connected thereto. The at least one active element can be advantageously rotatably connected to the rotary structure and the support structure in such a manner that, upon a rotation of the rotary structure around the first axis of rotation in a certain angular position, the active element stands in a first defined position; and in an angular position of the rotary structure that is rotated by 180°, the active elements stands rotated, for example, by 90° around a second axis of rotation relative to the first defined position. The at least one active element that must be rotated can thus be rotatably connected, for example, to the rotary structure and the support structure such that, when the rotary structure rotates one time around the first axis of rotation, the at least one active element rotates, for example, half a turn in the opposite direction around the second axis of rotation. Seen from the perspective of the observer, during a single rotation of the rotary structure around the first axis of rotation in a clockwise direction, the active element rotates by half a rotation, which is also in a clockwise direction.
The center gear and the rotary structure can be powered by a common drive unit, or by two different drive units.
With the same rotational speed of the drive unit, the center gear and the rotary structure can have different speeds of rotation.
Two or more coupling units are provided in an advantageous embodied example according to the invention, and to which the at least one drive unit can be rotatably connected by the center gear and the rotary structure, wherein the two and more coupling units can be alternately activated.
In an especially advantageous embodied example of a drive unit according to the invention, two or more coupling units generate different speed ratios between the center gear and rotary structure and/or between the center gear and the drive unit and/or between the rotary structure and the drive unit.
In an especially advantageous embodied example of such a drive unit according to the invention, two coupling units are provided, and it is possible to switch back and forth between the same by changing the direction of rotation of the drive unit. Especially advantageously, the coupling units are configured such that the directions of rotation of the center gear and the rotary structure are independent of the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
A further advantageous embodied example of a drive unit according to the invention comprises an auxiliary drive and an addition gear with a sun gear, a ring gear and a planetary gear device that is rotatably disposed between the ring gear and the sun gear. The planet carrier means has planetary gears rotatably disposed thereupon, which rotatably connect the ring gear, the planet carrier means and the sun gear. A drive unit, the auxiliary drive and the center gear are rotatably connected, respectively, to one of the three units of ring gear, planet carrier means and sun gear.
An especially advantageous variant provides that the drive unit is rotatably connected to the center gear, the auxiliary drive to the ring gear and the center gear to the planet carrier means.
A drive unit according to the invention can be used, for example, for a flow machine according to the Swiss patent applications no. 02138/10 and no. 00194/11 by the applicant. The superimposed rotational movement of the rotary structure and of the active elements of the paddles that is thus generated therein results in a gentle, directional and adjustable flow in a certain medium, such as, for example, air.
If the relationship of the two superimposed rotational movements is adjusted such that, upon a single revolution by the rotary structure around the first axis of rotation, the axis of the active element rotates one half of a revolution in the opposite direction around the second axis of rotation, a continuous air flow flowing in one direction is generated. If the relationship of the two rotational movements does not correspond to this characteristic, the air flow can be directed in more than one direction.
The areas of application of a device according to the invention for generating superimposed rotational movements are not limited to the generation of air flows. The device can also be used, for example, in water or in other media. Moreover, by a functional reversal, it is also suitable as an electrical power generator in different flow media, such as air and water, wherein the kinetic energy of a fluid can be captured by means of the active elements and transferred by means of the superimposed rotational movement to a connected power generator. Further areas of application are, for example, the mixing of media or the three-dimensional movement of items.
For a better understanding of the enclosed invention, reference shall be made below to the drawings. The drawings represent only embodiments of the subject-matter of the invention. In the schematic figures, the toothing of the different gears is only hinted at or omitted altogether for better clarity of the drawing.
The examples that are outlined below are intended to better illustrate the present invention; in no way are these comments suitably intended to limit the characteristics in any way that are presently disclosed.
The superimposed rotational movements of paddle and rotating plate of a device according to the invention are depicted schematically in the representation according to
As a consequence of the coupled movement of the rotating plate and paddle, respectively, the paddle is aligned parallel in relation to the y-axis, α=0°, in the position with maximum operational output, when the angle of rotation β of axis 9 around the axis 10 of the rotating plate is 0° (steps 1 and 5), and parallel in relation to the x-axis (α=90°), when an angle of rotation β=180° (steps 3 and 7). In the intermediate angles, the paddle is tilted correspondingly. As a consequence, in positions 1 and 5, the paddle pushes the air toward the left in the direction of the x-axis; while, in positions 3 and 7, the paddle moves toward the right without providing any remarkable air resistance. The result is an effective air flow 100 that extends in a certain direction, presently in the direction of the x-axis. The direction of the effective air flow 100 is provided by the direction of action 101 of the device, which is defined as the normal of the active surface of the paddle at that angular position in which the active surface moves vertically through the fluid. In this figure, this angular position is α=0°, β=0°
By changing the alignment of the paddle with regard to the axis of rotation, the direction of flow of the device according to the invention can be easily changed.
Therefore, the supported active elements rotate along with the rotating plate 5 in a circle around the axis 10. Owing to the gear coupling of the drive gears 8, 8′ of the active elements by means of the intermediate gears 24, 24′ with the stationary center gear 25, the drive gears 8, 8′ are caused to rotate on their own in a rotational direction running counter to the direction of the rotation of the rotating plate. If the drive gears 8, 8′ have double the number of teeth than the center gear 25, there results, correspondingly, a gear ratio of 2:1 or 1:2 or −1:2, respectively.
In the shown example, the axes of rotation 9, 9′ are externally tilted in relation to the central axis of rotation 10. This does not have any major impact on the action of the ventilation device according to the invention, because the effective active surface of the active element/paddle remains unchanged in the radial direction (see positions 1, 5 in
It is even possible for the axes of rotation 9, 9′ to be perpendicular in relation to the axis of rotation 10 of the rotating plate. The efficiency of the device is greatest, however, when all axes or rotation 9, 9′, 10 are arranged in parallel, because, in this case, the air flow in the intermediate positions (see position 2, 4, 6, 8 in
Advantageously, the drive unit 66 is disposed inside a cover housing, which has presently been omitted to improve the clarity of the drawing.
Instead of using a planet gear means, it is also possible to use a V-belt for implementing the drive unit; said V-belt extends around the stationary center gear and the paddle gear, whereby it is possible to forego the paddle gear.
In a basic embodied example of the invention, the direction of action of the device, meaning the direction of the generated air flow, is fixed in relation to the housing. To change the direction of action, it is possible to rotate the entire apparatus. An adjustment of the direction of action can also be achieved, however, by rotating the center gear 25 with regard to the support structure. If the center gear 25 is rotated in relation to the support structure 1, this has the same effect as if the entire device were rotated.
The user can configure the generated wind direction that results from the direction of action in the off-state and/or during operation, above 360°.
In the variant of a ventilation device according to the invention as shown in
The adjustment of the center gear can be achieved manually. In the shown drive unit, the rotatably supported housing is rotated by hand. This way, the center gear 25 is also rotated by the desired angle. The rotating plate does not rotate along therein, but the active elements do. By coupling the center gear 25 by means of the intermediate gears 24, 24′ with the drive gears 8, 8′, the same are also rotationally adjusted, corresponding to the adjustment of the center gear 25. Due to the fact that the drive gears 8, 8′ are mechanically connected to the holding means 7, 7′ of the active element, and said holding means are connected to the paddle bars 62, 62′, the paddles are, consequently, rotated accordingly corresponding to an adjustment in the direction of action. Subsequently, the center gear is locked again, and the operation of the drive can be restarted.
It is also possible to rotate the fixed center gear via machine means by means of an additional adjustment drive. This way, it is possible to change the direction of action also during ongoing operation, such that, for example, an automatic pivoting function can be implemented for the air flow.
One possible embodied example of a ventilation device 60 according to the invention is depicted in
The shown example includes further unused holding means that allow for a symmetrical configuration of the device, involving optionally one to four paddles.
The user can configure the device in the off-state. For example, it is possible to replace paddles.
A device according to the invention can be embodied using different variants. The devices can be equipped with one or a plurality of paddles, and the devices can be functionally coupled with new construction designs, or they can only be serially disposed, one after the other (meaning with or without function coupling).
For example,
A construction of this kind allows for the possibility of a very space-saving and compact construction design. For example, it is possible to embody very small ventilation devices that can be set up at work stations in crowded spatial environments. A use as a standing fan is also advantageous.
Similar variants are depicted in
Four further embodied variants 60 of a device according to the invention are demonstrated in
In a device according to
A further possibility for providing an electrical supply to the light sources are solar cells that are integrated inside the paddle, optionally provided with a stabilization circuit, and which can serve, simultaneously, as a control means or communication interface, and they are optionally provided with a storage battery. A further technical solution for providing an electrical supply is a removable battery or a storage battery, which is rechargeable via an electrical connection. A further technical solution for providing the electrical supply is an integrated storage battery, wherein the entire paddle can be connected to a charging station for the related charging process thereof.
The described embodied examples in
The rotation of the paddle gear results, by means of the coupling with the intermediate gear 24, 24′ and the fixed center gear 25, in the desired rotational movement of the rotating plate 5, opposite to the rotation of the paddle 61 according to the description with regard to
Supplying the direct drive motor 63, 63′ with power can be achieved by means of a removable battery or by means of a storage battery that is rechargeable via an electrical contact. In the alternative or in addition, it is possible for solar cells 70, which are integrated in the paddle, to convert light into electrical energy, supplying the direct drive motor directly with power; or the generated electrical energy can be temporarily stored in the aforementioned storage battery.
A further embodied example of a device according to the invention is represented in the combination of configurations according to
Below, various embodied examples of drive units according to the invention will be discussed, and said drive units can be especially advantageously used for the ventilation devices according to the invention. However, they are also suitable for general use with regard to the purpose of generating superimposed rotational movements.
The drive units according to the invention have the advantage, in contrast to the previously discussed drive units that they have a fixed center gear and intermediate gears, that the step of changing the gear ratio during operation can be resolved easier, and that the center gear must not be fixedly connected to the basic apparatus, whereby, in terms of the technical configuration of the ventilation device, a possibility of more flexibility is created.
Drive 3, which is, advantageously, an electric motor, is fixedly connected to the support structure 1. A dual drive pinion 15 is mounted on the drive axle 3a. The rotating plate drive axle 11 is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 5 and is located, rotatably disposed by means of a support 12, inside the supported structure 1. The drive 3 provides power by means of the own axle 3a thereof and the dual drive pinion 15. The dual drive pinion transmits the torque via the bottom row of teeth 15a to the rotating plate drive gear 6, which is mounted on the rotating plate drive axle 11, such that the rotating plate 5 rotates at the speed resulting from gear ratio of the gears 6, 15a.
A dual center gear 13 is disposed above the drive gear 6, which is supported, freely able to rotate, on the rotating plate drive axle 11. The top gear 15b of the drive pinion 15 powers the bottom gear 13a of the dual center gear 13, which, in turn, powers, by means of the top gear 13b, the two active element drive gears 8, 8′ that are connected in a torque-resistant manner to the active elements 61, 61′. The active elements 61, 61′ that are rotatably supported on the rotating plate 5, for example paddles (not shown), rotate in correspondence to the preset speed, as set by the gear ratio for the gears 15b, 13a, 13b, 8, 8′ around the own axis of rotation 9, 9′ thereof. They rotate, simultaneously, due to the rotation of the rotating plate, around the central axis of rotation 10.
In order to generate a superimposed rotational movement involving a revolution of the rotating plate and a simultaneous revolution of the active elements, the ratio of the gears and the number of the teeth in the construction must be defined accordingly. The dual drive pinion 15, the rotating plate drive gear 6, dual center gear 13, as well as the drive gears 8, 8′ of the active elements must be configured such that the drive gears 8, 8′ perform, for example, one half of a revolution in the amount of time during which the rotating plate gear 6 performs a full revolution. From the perspective of the observer, these are two rotations in the same direction of rotation. Viewed only from the perspective of the axes of rotation 9, 9′ of the active elements and the axis of rotation 10 of the rotating plate, based on the own rotations of active elements that are disposed on the rotating plate, the drive gears 8, 8′ would have to execute one half of a rotation in the opposite direction relative to the revolution of the rotating plate 5.
With a gear ratio between the dual center gear 13 and the drive gears 8, 8′ of, for example, 3:1, the dual center gear 13 must execute one sixth of a revolution during one revolution of the rotating plate 5 in order for the drive gears 8, 8′ to perform one half of a revolution. Consequently, the dual center gear 13 must rotate faster by one sixth than the rotating plate drive gear 6 in order to achieve a uniform direction of action. At a gear ratio between dual center gear 13 and drive gears 8, 8′ of, for example, 2:1, the dual center gear 13 must rotate faster than the rotating plate drive gear 6 by one fourth in order to achieve a uniform direction of action.
The use of a freely rotatable center gear allows for a more compact construction design because, for example in comparison to
A variant of a device that is analogous in relation to
The drive (not shown) powers the rotating plate drive gear 6 by means of a drive pinion 19 and a reduction gearing 20 and thereby the rotating plate 5, upon which are supported the active element holding means 7, 7′. A center gear drive gear 17 is connected, by means of a shaft 4 that is rotatably supported within the rotating plate drive axle, to a simple center gear 14, which is disposed on the outside of the rotating plate 5. The simple center gear 14 moves the active elements by means of the drive gears 8, 8′.
Also connected to the rotating plate drive axle 11, which is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 5, is a second rotating plate drive gear 6′, such that the rotating plate rotation is also available at the bottom part of the housing.
The transfer of the rotation from the second rotating plate drive gear 6′ to the center gear drive gear 17 is achieved by means of a dual gear ratio gear 18, 18′. Two different dual gear ratio gears 18, 18′ are disposed on a displaceably disposed switching lever. By actuating the switching lever 21, it is possible to couple either the first 18 or the second 18′ dual gear ratio gear with the two gears 6, 17, such that two different gear ratios can be implemented between the rotating plate drive gear 6 the simple center gear 14.
If the drive shaft rotates counterclockwise, this will cause a pivoting of the switching unit 22 also in the counterclockwise direction, such that the right gear pair 22c is coupled to the gears 6 and 13a, and a certain gear ratio is created between the dual center gear 13 and the rotating plate drive gear 6. The gear 22d that is disposed there-between in this constellation serves as a correction means of the direction of rotation, such that the dual center gear 13 and the rotating plate drive gear 6 always rotate in the same direction for both directions of rotation of the drive shaft 3a, and that it is only the gear ratio that changes.
The addition gear 29 (see
The gear ratio of center gear revolution and rotating plate revolution is determined, on the one hand, by means of the gear ratio of sun gear 30, planetary gears 33, ring gear 33, second simple drive pinion 19′ and rotating plate drive gear 6 and, on the other hand, by means of the gear ratio of the first simple drive pinion 19 and the simple center gear 14. The addition gear 29 and the mentioned gear ratios can be selected such that a certain advantageous gear ratio exists.
With auxiliary drive 27, it is possible to rotate the ring gear 33 of the addition gear 29 by means of a belt, which decelerates or accelerates the rotational speed of the planetary gears 32, thereby, with a given rotational speed of the sun gear 30, also the rotational speed of the planet carrier means and the rotating plate drive. Using auxiliary drive 27 and addition gear 29, it is, therefore, possible to flexibly adjust the speed difference between rotating plates revolution and center gear revolution during operation.
In the embodied variants that were discussed above, the axes of rotation 9, 9′ of the active elements and the axis of rotation 10 of the rotating plate were tilted. As a matter of principle, the axes can be arranged at various angles)(0-180° between the axis of rotation 10 of the rotating plate and the axes of rotation 9, 9′ of the active elements 61, 61′. The distances between axes can be very small or very large; it is also possible to provide one or a plurality of active elements and/or active element holding means.
The disclosed specific embodied examples are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way. Based on the preceding description and the drawings, a person skilled in the art will be able to derive different possible variations and modifications, additionally to the disclosed examples, which shall also fall under the scope of protection as defined by the claims.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
- 1 Base plate, support structure
- 2 Direct drive motor
- 3 Drive motor
- 3a Drive axle
- 4 Center gear axle (rotatably supported)
- 5 Rotating plate, rotary structure
- 6, 6′ Rotating plate drive gear
- 7, 7′ Active element holding means, paddle holder
- 7a, 7a′ Locking part
- 7b, 7b′ Addition gear, paddle gear gearing
- 8, 8′ Drive gear of the active element, gear of the paddle holder, paddle gear
- 9, 9′ Axes of rotation of the active element/paddle, second axis of rotation
- 10 Axis of rotation of the rotating plate, first axis of rotation
- 11 Rotating plate drive axle, central axle
- 12 Support
- 13 Dual center gear
- 13a Bottom gear of the dual center gear
- 13b Top gear of the dual center gear
- 14 Simple center gear
- 15 Dual drive pinion
- 15a Bottom gear of the drive pinion
- 15b Top gear of the drive pinion
- 16 Hollow axle (rotatably supported)
- 17 Center gear drive gear
- 18, 18′ Dual gear ratio gear (rotatably supported)
- 18a Bottom gear of the gear ratio gear
- 18b Top gear of the gear ratio gear
- 19, 19′ Simple drive pinion
- 20 Drive with reduction gear
- 21 Switching lever, directional element
- 22 Switching unit
- 22a Middle gear
- 22b Left gear pair
- 22c Right gear pair
- 22d Gear pair for rotational direction correction
- 24, 24′ Intermediate gear
- 25 Fixed center gear
- 25a Fixed ring gear with internal toothing
- 26 Vertical dual gear ratio gear (vertically displaceable)
- 26a Top gear
- 26b Bottom gear
- 27 Auxiliary drive
- 28 Belt
- 29 Addition gear
- 30 Sun gear of the addition gear
- 32 Planetary gear of the addition gear
- 33 Ring gear of the planetary gear
- 58, 58′ Housing
- 60 Ventilation device
- 61, 61′ Paddle
- 62, 62′ Paddle bar
- 63, 63′ Direct drive motor
- 65, 65′ Active element gearing, paddle gearing
- 66 Drive unit
- 67 Active surface of the paddle
- 70 Solar cells (photovoltaic cells)
- 75 Electric circuit
- 76 Storage battery 090, 90′ Light source (e.g., LED)
- 91, 91′ Optical waveguide fiber
- 93, 93′ Light-guiding paddle bar
- 100 Air flow, wind direction
- 101 Direction of action
- 110 Brushless DC motor
- 111 Printed electronics board
- 112 Motor pinion
- 113 Additional gear ratio gear
Claims
1. A device for generating a directed fluid flow, particularly a directed air flow, by moving an active element with an active surface in a fluid, having a support structure; a rotary structure, which is rotatably supported around a first axis of rotation relative to the support structure; and at least one active element with an active surface, which is mounted on the rotary structure and rotatably supported around a second axis of rotation; wherein the at least one active element is operatively connected to the rotary structure and the support structure in such a manner that, when the rotary structure rotates in relation to the support structure around the first axis of rotation by a first frequency of rotation f1, the at least one active element rotates in relation to the rotary structure around the second axis of rotation by a second speed of rotation f2, wherein the ratio between the first and the second frequency of rotation is more than 1, preferably ≧1.5, and especially preferred ≧1.7.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between the first and the second frequency of rotation is less than 3, preferably ≦2.5, and especially preferred ≦2.25.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first axis of rotation of the rotary structure and the second axis of rotation of the active elements are parallel.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the first axis of rotation of the rotary structure and the second axis of rotation of the active elements is less than 90°, preferably less than 45°, especially preferred less than 30°.
5. The device according to claim 1, characterized wherein the active elements are essentially configured as flat paddles.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one active element includes a drive gear, which is connected in a torque-resistant or rotatable manner to the same, that is rotatably connected to the support structure.
7. The device according to claims 6, wherein the drive gears of the active elements are rotatably connected to the center gear by means of V-belts and/or intermediate gears, wherein the said center gear is fixedly disposed or reversibly locked in relation to the support structure.
8. The device according to claims 6, wherein the drive gears of the active elements are rotatably connected to a ring gear, wherein the said ring gear is fixedly disposed or reversibly locked in relation to the support structure.
9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the actuation of the active elements is achieved by means of a drive motor that rotates the rotary structure in relation to the support structure.
10. The device according to claim 6, wherein the actuation of an active element is achieved by means of a direct drive motor that rotates the active element of the drive gear in relation to the rotary structure.
11. The device according to claim 1, wherein there exists at least one drive unit, wherein the rotary structure and the at least one active element are rotatably connected to a drive unit; and a center gear, which is coaxially disposed in relation to the first axis of rotation, is rotatably connected to the at least one active element, wherein the said center gear is able to rotate with regard to the support structure and the rotary structure around the first axis of rotation.
12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the center gear and the rotary structure are powered by a common drive unit.
13. The device according to claim 11, wherein the center gear and the rotary structure are powered by two different drive units.
14. The device according to claim 11, wherein the center gear and the rotary structure have different rotational speeds with the same rotational speed of the drive unit.
15. The device according to claim 11, wherein two or more coupling units are provided by means of which it is possible to rotatably connect the at least one drive unit to the center gear and the rotary structure, wherein the two or more coupling units can be alternately activated.
16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the two or more coupling units generate different speed ratios between the center gear and the rotary structure and/or between the center gear and the drive unit and/or between the rotary structure and the drive unit.
17. The device according to claim 15, wherein two coupling units are provided, and it is possible to switch back and forth between the same by changing the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
18. The device according to claim 17, wherein the coupling units are configured such that the directions of rotation of the center gear and the rotary structure are independent of the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
19. The device according to claim 11, further comprising an auxiliary drive and an addition gear with a sun gear, a ring gear, as well as a planet carrier means that is rotatably disposed between the ring gear and the center gear; wherein planetary gears are rotatably disposed on the planet carrier means, which rotatably connect the ring gear, the planet carrier means and the sun gear; and wherein a drive unit, the auxiliary drive and the center gear are rotatably connected, respectively, to one unit each of the three units ring gear, planet carrier means and center gear.
20. The device according to claim 19, wherein the drive unit is rotatably connected to the sun gear, the auxiliary drive is rotatably connected to the ring gear, and the center gear is rotatably connected to the planetary gear device.
21. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rotary structure includes at least on active element holding means in which the at least one active element can be reversibly fastened.
22. The device according to claim 1, further comprising solar cells that are disposed on the active elements.
23. The device according to claim 1, further comprising light sources that are disposed on the active elements.
24. A drive apparatus for generating superimposed rotational movements of active elements, having at least one drive unit; one support structure; one rotary structure, which is rotatably connected to the drive unit, and rotatably supported in relation to the support structure around a first axis of rotation; and one or a plurality of holding means for active elements, which are rotatably connected to the drive unit, and the same are rotatably supported on the rotary structure around a second axis of rotation, further comprising a center gear that is rotatably connected to the active element holding means, and which is coaxially disposed in relation to the first axis of rotation, wherein the said center gear is able to rotate in relation to the support structure and the rotary structure around the first axis of rotation.
25. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the center gear and the rotary structure are powered by a common drive unit.
26. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the center gear and the rotary structure are powered by two different drive units.
27. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the center gear and the rotary structure have different speeds of rotation, while the speeds of rotation of the drive unit is the same.
28. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein two or more coupling units are provided by means of which the at least one drive unit can be rotatably connected to the center gear and the rotary structure, wherein the two or more coupling units can be alternately activated.
29. The drive apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the two or more coupling units generate different speed ratios between the center gear and rotary structure and/or between the center gear and the drive unit and/or between the rotary structure and the drive unit.
30. The drive apparatus according to claim 28, wherein two or more coupling units are provided, and wherein it is possible to switch back and forth between the same by changing the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
31. The drive apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the coupling units are configured such that the directions of rotation of the center gear and of the rotary structure are independent of the direction of rotation of the drive unit.
32. The drive apparatus according to claim 24, wherein an auxiliary drive and an addition gear having a sun gear, a ring gear as well as a planetary gear device is rotatably disposed between the ring gear and the sun gear; wherein planetary gears are rotatably disposed on the planetary gear device rotatably connecting the sun gear; and wherein a drive unit, the auxiliary drive and the center gear are rotatably connected respectively with one of the three units ring gear, planetary gear device and sun gear.
33. The drive apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the drive unit is rotatably connected to the sun gear, the auxiliary drive is rotatably connected to the ring gear, and the center gear is rotatably connected to the planetary gear device.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 16, 2011
Publication Date: Oct 24, 2013
Inventors: Reto Böhlen (Gerzensee), Marcel Frikart (Bern)
Application Number: 13/996,332
International Classification: F01D 5/00 (20060101);