GRATE BAR
A grate bar for combustion systems, having a substantially closed surface facing the combustion side, a rear support region designed to be placed on a grate carrier for forming the grate, and a front nose region, which is rounded between the surface and front edge and has a bearing surface designed on the lower face and further has cooling fins for air cooling which protrude from the lower face of the surface forming the grate. A head part in the interior has at least regionally thickened head fins for air cooling in the longitudinal direction and vertical direction below the surface facing the combustion side. The grate bar can also be a reversible grate bar.
The present invention pertains to a grate bar according to the introductory clause of claim 1.
For the combustion of various fuels such as household trash, industrial waste, wood chips, solid or porous fuels, and fuels which are easy to ignite and those which are difficult, the conventional practice is to use incinerators with combustion chambers, in which the fuel is placed on, for example, a mechanically actuated grate, on which it is burned.
As a rule, the material processed in incinerators includes fuel with high heating value and fuel with low heating value, with the result that significant heat-related problems can occur in regard to the grate elements. Especially in the head area of the grate elements, the elements can burn or corrode because of the high thermal load.
A goal of the present invention is to provide a grate bar which comprises a long service life.
The goal of the invention is achieved by means of a grate bar according to the text of claim 1. Additional embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
What is proposed is a grate bar for incinerators with
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- an essentially closed surface on the combustion side;
- a rear support area, designed to be placed on a grate carrier to form the grate;
- a rounded nose at the front, between the surface and the leading edge, with a support surface on the bottom side; and
- cooling ribs for air cooling, which project from the bottom side of the surface forming the grate,
wherein the interior of the head comprises head ribs in the longitudinal and vertical directions, at least certain parts of which are made thicker than the other parts, for air cooling the combustion-side surface. As a result, the service life of the inventive grate bar is significantly prolonged, because, after exposure to heat has led to the erosion of the nose as a result of, for example, chlorine corrosion among other processes, and even though the head ribs may be blocked by combustion slag, the thickened parts of the head ribs form an additional barrier against the heat-caused loss of material and simultaneously allow the head part to be cooled by the head ribs.
In another embodiment, the head ribs comprise two or more, preferably two, three, or four, thickened parts arranged parallel to each other. In this way the service life of the grate bar can be extended even longer, because, after the loss of the outermost combustion surface, at least one more surface is available for heat-caused erosion.
In another inventive embodiment, the head ribs comprise essentially trapezoidal and/or funnel-shaped and/or polygonal and/or wedge-shaped thickened parts. It is conceivable that, if desired, the thickened parts of the head ribs could be exclusively polygonal or any desired combination of polygonal with other forms.
In another inventive embodiment, head slots are formed between a side wall and each of the head ribs. As a result of the design of the head part with head ribs and the head slots between them, the heat resulting from the combustion process can be dissipated across a large cooling surface. The head slots make it possible for the combustion air to circulate. The thermal wear occurs at first primarily on the head part of the grate bar. Once the combustion surface of the head part has been lost by heat-caused wear, the area behind it, in the form of the thickened trapezoidal parts of the head slots which have been blocked by combustion slag, are available for further wear. Thanks to the head slots, the combustion air can circulate and the head part can be cooled.
According to another embodiment, the head slots . . . a funnel, which is arranged inside the head part, the funnel leading to a tapered part of the head slot. The head ribs are arranged here between a lateral end wall and the extension-like head ribs, all of which together form a comb-like structure. According to yet another embodiment, approximately the forward third of the head ribs is thickened.
According to yet another embodiment, at least one part of the side wall comprises a recess extending along the head part.
According to yet another embodiment, the grate bar comprises a rear part, which is provided with a with at least one long slot, which is open to the surface in the rear area, and wherein the cooling ribs project into the interior of the rear part.
According to yet another embodiment, the grate bar is made of metal.
In an additional embodiment, the grate bar is designed as a reversible grate bar, with a rear nose designed in the same way as the front nose and head part. These types of reversible grate bars can be reversed when the first head part has reached the end of its life, and thus the other head part allows the grate bar to be used over an additional period of time equivalent in practice to the service life of the first head part. For this purpose, two support surfaces are formed on the bottom side, arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the grate bar.
Another aspect of the invention pertains to a grate for use in the grate-firing chamber of an incinerator, wherein at least one transverse row of inventive grate bars is arranged in the grate in movable fashion, and wherein, following this first transverse row, a second transverse row with a grate bar an inventive grate bar is installed in stationary fashion. This achieves the goal that the material to be burned can be moved continuously toward the combustion side.
In another embodiment, the support surface of one grate bar overlaps the surface of the following grate bar in an offset, fish-scale like manner.
In another embodiment, several grate bars are arranged with their long sides parallel to each other.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in greater detail below on the basis of the figures:
Between the thickened polygonal parts 28, 28′, 29, 29′ there lies in each case an associated head slot 14, 14′.
It is conceivable that the thickened parts of the head ribs 13, 13′ described on the basis of the preceding figures could be combined with each other in any desired way.
Features with the same reference numbers in
Claims
1-13. (canceled)
14. A grate bar for incinerators, comprising:
- a substantially closed surface on a combustion side;
- a rear support area configured to be placeable on a grate carrier to form the grate;
- a front with a rounded nose between the closed surface and a leading edge, and with a bottom side having a support surface;
- cooling ribs for air cooling arranged to project from a bottom side of the closed surface forming the grate; and
- a head part that comprises head ribs for air cooling that extend in longitudinal and vertical directions of the grate bar underneath the combustion-side surface, at least certain parts of the head ribs being thicker than other parts of the head ribs.
15. The grate bar according to claim 14, wherein the head ribs comprise at least two thickened parts arranged parallel to each other.
16. The grate bar according to claim 14, wherein the head ribs comprise substantially trapezoidal and/or funnel-shaped and/or polygonal and/or wedge-shaped thickened parts
17. The grate bar according to claim 14, wherein head slots are formed between a side wall and each of the head ribs.
18. The grate bar according to claim 14, wherein the head slots form a funnel, which is arranged inside the head part, and the funnel leads to a tapered part of the head slot, and wherein the head slots are arranged between a lateral end wall and the extension-like head ribs, all of which together from a comb-like structure.
19. The grate bar according to claim 14, wherein a forward third of the head ribs is thickened.
20. The grate bar according to claim 17, wherein at least part of the side wall extending along the head part comprises a recess.
21. The grate bar according to claim 14, further comprising a rear part provided with at least one long slot open toward the closed surface, and wherein the cooling ribs project into an interior of the rear part.
22. The grate bar according to claim 14, wherein the grate bar is made of metal.
23. The grate bar according to claim 14, wherein the grate bar is a reversible grate bar, with a rear nose and head part configured the same as the front nose and head part.
24. A grate for use in a grate-firing chamber of an incinerator, comprising: a first transverse row; and a second transverse row following the first transverse row, each of said first and said second transverse rows having a grate bar according to claim 14, the grate bar in said first transverse row being arranged in the grate in movable fashion, and, the grate bar in said second transverse row being installed in stationary fashion.
25. The grate according to claim 24, wherein the support surface of the grate bar overlaps the surface of a following grate bar in an offset, fish scale-like fashion.
26. The grate according to claim 24, wherein several grate bars are arranged longitudinally parallel to each other in each row.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 5, 2012
Publication Date: Nov 21, 2013
Applicant: Seko-Patent GmbH (Wallisellen)
Inventor: Theodor Koch (Wallisellen)
Application Number: 13/983,120
International Classification: F23H 3/04 (20060101); F23H 17/12 (20060101); F23H 7/08 (20060101);