HAMMER BIT LOCKING MECHANISM
A hammer bit retainer system includes a hammer bit locking mechanism arranged and designed to prevent decoupling of a driver sub from a hammer casing. The hammer bit locking mechanism includes an expandable split ring which is disposed in the coupling between the driver sub and hammer casing. The hammer bit locking mechanism prevents axial movement of the driver sub relative to the hammer casing in at least one direction.
This application claims the benefit of related U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/654,498 filed Jun. 1, 2012, titled “Hammer Bit Locking Mechanism,” to Bhatia et al. and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/747,691 filed Dec. 31, 2012, titled “Hammer Bit Locking Mechanism,” to Bhatia et al., the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
BACKGROUNDPercussion bit assemblies are often used in drilling or boring through the Earth's surface. In a percussion bit assembly, a percussion hammer is used to drive a percussion bit into the ground. The percussion hammer uses the reciprocating action of a piston to energize the bit.
During certain operations performed with the percussion bit assembly 100, the drill pipe may reverse its rotation, thereby causing the driver sub 140 to back off, or unthread, from the hammer case 122. Occasionally, the driver sub 140 will unintentionally back off downhole due to torsional oscillations, known as “stick-slip” of the drill string. If the driver sub 140 backs off, the bit 110 and the driver sub 140 remain at the bottom of the borehole.
The drill string components, which may include a drill pipe, a bottomhole assembly, a driver sub, etc., may be coupled by various thread forms known as connections, or tool joints, any of which may unthread or back off. When a drill string becomes stuck downhole, the driver sub may unintentionally back off downhole, or the drill string may be backed off from the driver sub to recover as much of the drill string as possible. The back off may be intentionally accomplished by applying reverse torque and detonating an explosive charge inside a selected threaded connection. The back off may be also be accomplished by applying tension to the drill string and detonating an explosive charge, thereby allowing the threads to slide by each other without turning.
SUMMARYThis summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
A hammer bit locking mechanism is disclosed. The hammer bit locking mechanism includes a driver sub, a hammer casing and a locking device disposed therebetween. The driver sub is adapted to receive and movably couple to the shank of a bit, e.g., percussion bit. The driver sub also includes a portion having an outer surface with one or more grooves therein. The hammer casing has a central bore and receives at least a portion of the driver sub in its central bore. A locking device, e.g., an expandable split ring, is disposed between the hammer casing and a portion of the driver sub. The locking device includes an inner surface with one or more grooves therein configured to engage the one or more grooves in the outer surface of the portion of the driver sub. The locking device is further arranged and designed to prevent axial movement of the driver sub relative to the hammer casing in at least one direction.
A method of preventing the decoupling of coupled components of a percussion hammer bit is also disclosed. The method includes inserting a locking device, e.g., an expandable split ring, in a circumferential cavity positioned in a hammer casing and expanding the locking device. The method also includes inserting at least a portion of a driver sub into a central bore of the hammer casing and through the expanded locking device. The method further includes coupling the driver sub and the hammer casing such that one or more inner surface grooves of the locking device engage one or more outer surface grooves of the driver sub, thereby preventing axial movement between the driver sub and the hammer casing in at least one direction.
A locking mechanism of a downhole tool is also disclosed. The downhole tool includes a first body adapted to receive and movably couple to the shank of a bit, e.g., a percussion bit. The downhole tool also includes a second body having a central bore, which receives a portion of the first body in the central bore. A first split ring is disposed between the second body and a portion of the first body. The first split ring includes an inner surface with one or more grooves formed therein and an outer surface with one or more grooves formed thereon. The first split ring is arranged and designed to prevent axial movement of the first body relative to the second body in at least one direction. A second split ring is disposed radially within the first split ring. The second split ring includes an outer surface with one or more grooves formed thereon, which are configured to engage the one or more grooves in the inner surface of the first split ring.
The following is directed to various illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. The embodiments disclosed should not be interpreted, or otherwise used, as limiting the scope of the disclosure, including the claims. In addition, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the following description has broad application, and the discussion of any embodiment is meant only to be illustrative of that embodiment, and not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to that embodiment.
Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims refer to particular features or components. As those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, different persons may refer to the same feature or component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components or features that differ in name but not function. The figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features and components herein may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form and some details of conventional elements may not be shown in interest of clarity and conciseness.
In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion and, thus, should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . .” Also, the term “couple” or “couples” is intended to mean either an indirect or direct connection. Thus, if a first component is coupled to a second component, that connection may be through a direct connection, or through an indirect connection via other components, devices, and connections. Further, the terms “axial” and “axially” generally mean along or parallel to a central or longitudinal axis, while the terms “radial” and “radially” generally mean perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis.
Additionally, directional terms, such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” etc., are used for convenience in referring to the accompanying drawings. In general, “above,” “upper,” “upward,” and similar terms refer to a direction toward the Earth's surface from below the surface along a borehole, and “below,” “lower,” “downward,” and similar terms refer to a direction away from the surface along the borehole, i.e., into the borehole, but is meant for illustrative purposes, and the terms are not meant to limit the disclosure.
Referring generally to
One or more embodiments disclosed herein relate to a hammer bit locking mechanism 220 in a hammer assembly 200. Such hammer bit locking mechanism 220 acts to prevent vibration-initiated back offs (i.e., loosening and separation) of the hammer bit threaded connection. As used herein, the term “back off” refers to the unscrewing of drill string components downhole. Referring generally to
As best shown in
Returning to
As briefly disclosed above and best shown in
In one or more embodiments, the driver sub 240 may be tapered along an axial length thereof from its upper end portion 252 towards its lower end portion 256. In other words, the upper end portion 252 of the driver sub 240 may have an initial diameter that gradually increases axially toward the lower end portion 256. Thus, the driver sub 240 may have a somewhat conical axial profile. In tapered driver sub embodiments, such taper may have an angle of between 0 degrees and 30 degrees, between 0 degrees and 10 degrees, or between 0 degrees and 5 degrees. The taper of the driver sub 240 may be used to expand a locking device 260 (not shown), during assembly, as will be described in further detail below. For example, and returning to
The hammer bit locking mechanism 220 further includes a locking device 260 (shown in
As illustrated in
The inner surface grooves 264 of the split ring 260 are arranged and designed to engage corresponding external grooves 246 on the outer surface 258 of the driver sub 240. In one or more embodiments, the inner surface grooves 264 are fine-pitched with respect to the outer surface groove 262 and, thus, configured to engage similarly fine-pitched external grooves 246. The inner surface grooves 264 may have a symmetrical or asymmetrical groove profile. In one such asymmetrical embodiment, the inner surface grooves 264 may have a “hooked” groove configuration. In another such asymmetrical embodiment, the inner surface grooves 108 have a “saw tooth” groove profile but with a tapered surface that peaks at a substantially radially vertical surface, and which corresponds with a groove profile of circumferential grooves 246. Engagement of the asymmetrical groove profile of the inner surface grooves 264 of the split ring 260 with corresponding outer surface grooves 246 of the driver sub 240 permits axial movement of the driver sub 240 in one direction (i.e., threading), thus preventing axial movement of the driver sub 240 in the opposite direction (i.e., unthreading), as will be disclosed in greater detail hereinafter.
Turning now to
On the opposite side of the split ring 260, the outer surface grooves 262 of the split ring 260 engage the female grooves 226 of the hammer casing 222. The outer surface grooves 262 and female grooves 226 have a corresponding set of flats, i.e., 288, 298 on the outer surface grooves 262 and female grooves 226, respectively, which are perpendicular to the movement of the driver sub 240, as shown by arrow 266. The outer surface grooves 262 also have ramps, e.g., 294 on the female grooves 226, which correspond to the ramps, e.g., 284 on the outer surface grooves 262. When the driver sub 240 is moving in the direction of arrow 266, the flats 288, 298 on the outer surface grooves 262 and female grooves 226, respectively, are engaged such that the axial movement of the split ring 260 relative to the driver sub 240 in the direction of arrow 266 is arrested. However, when the driver sub 240 is moving in the direction of arrow 266, the flats 288, 298 are engaged such that perpendicular movement relative to arrow 266 is permitted, and the ramps 246, 264 may climb past each other during assembly/stabbing of the driver sub 240 in the hammer casing 222.
The hammer bit locking mechanism 220 is assembled such that the driver sub 240 is inserted/stabbed into the hammer casing 222 with the locking device 260 disposed in the circumferential cavity 238 between an inner surface of the hammer casing 222 and an outer surface of the driver sub 240, as best shown in
When the assembly 200 is in operation, severe vibration and/or improper operational practices may create an undesirable condition in which the driver sub 240 begins to move in the direction of arrow 268, as illustrated in
Continuing with
The split ring 260 may be expandable (i.e., a diameter of the split ring 260 may be enlarged from an initial collapsed diameter) and may be configured having two end portions with a gap therebetween to allow the split ring 260 to radially expand. The split ring 260 may be configured to radially expand to up to about 10%, up to about 20% or up to about 30% of its original unexpanded diameter in one or more embodiments. The split ring 260 may be a circular band configured having a rectangular cross-section with substantially concentric inner and outer surfaces (i.e., concentric diameters). In one or more other embodiments, the split ring 260 may be configured having non-concentric inner and outer surfaces (i.e., non-concentric diameters). For example, a cross-sectional thickness of the split ring 260 may be tapered along a width of the split ring 260 cross-section. In one or more other embodiments, the locking device 260 may be a two-piece split ring which is installed separately to form a single locking device 260 in the circumferential cavity 238. In still other embodiments, the split ring 260 may have a wedge-shaped cross-section.
As illustrated in
In certain embodiments, the split ring 260 may be manufactured from alloy steel. For example, steel may be alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts of between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve its mechanical properties (e.g., strength, toughness, hardness, wear resistance, hardenability). In certain embodiments, the split ring 260 may be heat treated. Common alloys that may be used include, but are not limited to, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon and boron. Other alloys that may be used include, but are not limited to, aluminum, cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, tin and zirconium. In other embodiments, the split ring 260 may be manufactured from a non-alloy steel. In still other embodiments, the split ring 260 may be manufactured from other metallic materials. In further embodiments, the split ring 260 may be manufactured from non-metallic materials.
Now turning to
The lug 290 may be an alloy steel material in one or more embodiments. In another embodiment, the lug 290 may be made from other materials or a composite of materials. As disclosed above, the lug 290 may have extended flats 291 on both sides of its middle section 292. In one or more other embodiments (not shown), the lug 290 may not have any extended flats 291, or in still one or more other embodiments (not shown), the lug 290 may have one extended flat 291 on one side of its middle section 292. In such embodiments, the middle section 292 may be arranged and designed to more fully fill the void left by space 270 of split ring 260. In other embodiments, the lug 290 may have external coarse grooves (not shown) configured to mate with female grooves 226 of the hammer casing 222.
Referring back to
As will be described below in
As shown in
Further, as shown in
When the second split ring 250 and/or the driver sub 240 is moving in the direction of arrow 268, i.e., axially downward, the flats 288, 298 of the outer surface grooves 262 of the first split ring 260 and the corresponding female grooves 226 of the hammer casing 222, respectively, are engaged such that the axial movement of the first split ring 260 relative to the driver sub 240 in the direction of arrow 266 is arrested. However, when the second split ring 250 and/or the driver sub 240 is moving in the direction of arrow 266, i.e., axially upward, the flats 288, 298 are engaged such that perpendicular movement relative to arrow 266 is permitted and ramps 246, 264 of the second split ring 250 and the first split ring 260, respectively, may climb past each other during assembly/stabbing of the driver sub 240 in the hammer casing 222.
Still referring to
As discussed above, when the assembly 200 is in operation, severe vibration and/or improper operational practices may create an undesirable condition in which the driver sub 240 begins to move in the direction of arrow 268, as shown in
Further, as discussed above, if the driver sub 240 begins to loosen from the hammer casing 222, the driver sub 240 moves axially in the direction of arrow 268 relative to the hammer casing 222. However, in this movement direction 268, the first split ring 260 is mechanically locked by the contact of the flats of the external circumferential grooves 246 of the second split ring 250 and the flats of the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260, such that both the second split ring 250 and the first split ring 260 move together as a single unit.
In one or more embodiments, each of the first split ring 260, the second split ring 250 and the driver sub 240 may move together as a single unit because the second split ring 250 may be disposed in a recess in the driver sub 240. Further, each of the first split ring 260, the second split ring 250 and the driver sub 240 may also move as a single unit because the grooves 246, 264 may prevent movement of the first split ring 260 with respect to the second split ring 250.
In one or more embodiments, if additional force is applied to the driver sub 240 and, in turn, the second split ring 250, in the direction of arrow 268, the ramps of the outer surface grooves 262 of the first split ring 260 and the ramps of the female grooves 226 of the hammer casing 222 engage further and may force the first split ring 260 to apply a hoop stress around the second split ring 250 and the driver sub 240. This may cause the mating contacting force of the flats of the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260 and the outer surface grooves 246 of the second split ring 250 to be increased. Due to the hoop stress created by the ramps of the outer surface grooves 262 of the first split ring 260 and the ramps of the female grooves 226 of the hammer casing 222 acting on the flats of the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260 and the outer surface grooves 246 of the second split ring 250, a mechanical lock may be generated between the driver sub 240, the second split ring 250, the first split ring 260, and the hammer casing 222, thereby halting any further axial movement of the driver sub 240 in the direction of arrow 268 relative to the hammer casing 222.
As discussed above with regard to
In another embodiment, to remove the driver sub 240 from the hammer casing 222, torque may be applied to the driver sub 240, e.g., in a counter-clockwise direction, which may force the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260 to engage with the outer surface grooves 264 of the second split ring 250 and may force the first split ring 260 to tighten around the driver sub 240. Torque may be continually applied to the driver sub 240 until the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260 and the outer surface grooves 264 of the second split ring 250 fail in shear, which may allow the driver sub 240 to be extracted. Removing the driver sub 240 from the hammer casing 222 by torquing the driver sub 240 until the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260 and the outer surface grooves 264 of the second split ring 250 fail in shear may render a spreading tool and an access window superfluous. As such, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hammer assembly 200, as described herein, is not limited to having an access window formed thereon (e.g., the access window 224 shown in
In one or more embodiments, the force used to shear the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260 and the outer surface grooves 264 of the second split ring 250 can be calculated/predetermined and may depend on the axial length of the grooves. The shear force may be related to the torque applied and/or the thread pitch on the female threads 226 of the hammer casing 222 and the outer surface grooves 246 of the second split ring 250. By varying the length of the inner surface grooves 264 of the first split ring 260 and the outer surface grooves 264 of the second split ring 250, the shear force and resulting torque can be predicted and designed to a specific value.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As may be appreciated, the axial length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 may be between about 1% and about 25%, between about 25% and about 50%, between about 50% and about 75%, or between about 75% and about 100% of the axial length of the first split ring 260. As such, the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 may be between about 1% and about 25%, between about 25% and about 50%, between about 50% and about 75%, or between about 75% and about 100% of the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262. In at least one embodiment, the axial length of the second split ring 250 covered by the outer surface grooves 246 may be between about 1% and about 25%, between about 25% and about 50%, between about 50% and about 75%, or between about 75% and about 100% of the axial length of the second split ring 250. In at least one embodiment, the axial length of the second split ring 250 covered by the outer surface grooves 246 may be between about 1% and about 25%, between about 25% and about 50%, between about 50% and about 75%, or between about 75% and about 100% of the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262.
Those having ordinary skill will appreciate that embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the outer surface grooves 262 of the first split ring 260 forming the entire length of the first split ring 260. For example, although not shown, in one or more embodiments, the outer surface grooves 262 of the first split ring 260 may extend about 50% of the length of the first split ring 260. Further, in one or more embodiments, the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 may be about 25% of the entire length of the first split ring 260. Although, in this embodiment, the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 may be about 25% of the entire length of the first split ring 260, it may be appreciated that the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 is about 50% of the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262 because the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262 is about 50% of the length of the first split ring 260.
Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, according to embodiments disclosed herein, the ratio of the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 to the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262 may vary. For example, according to one or more embodiments, a ratio of the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 to the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262 may be between about 0.01:1 and about 0.25:1, between about 0.25:1 and about 0.5:1, between about 0.5:1 and about 0.75:1, or between about 0.75:1 and about 1:1.
By controlling the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 relative to the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262, the shear force used to shear the grooves 264, 246 of the first split ring 260 and the second split ring 250, respectively, may be predicted and designed to a specific value because the thread pitch on the hammer casing 222 and the second split ring 250 may be related to the torque applied. In other words, if a designer desires a break-out torque that is 150% greater than the makeup torque, the designer may calculate the axial length of the engaged grooves 264, 246 of the first split ring 260 and the second split ring 250, respectively, to supply the desired torque. As such, both the first split ring 260 and the second split ring 250 may be expendable components that may be replaced after each disassembly of the driver sub 240 from the hammer casing 222.
Further, in one or more embodiments, the force used to shear the grooves 264, 246 may be predicted and designed by varying the pitch and the height of each of the grooves 264, 246 of the first split ring 260 and the second split ring 250, respectively, as opposed to varying the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the inner surface grooves 264 relative to the length of the first split ring 260 covered by the outer surface grooves 262.
As shown in
Furthermore, as shown in
Referring to
Further, as shown in
Although the first split ring 260 shown in
In one or more embodiments, the first split ring 260 and/or the second split ring 250 may be manufactured from alloy steel. For example, steel may be alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts of between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve the mechanical properties (e.g., strength, toughness, hardness, wear resistance, hardenability) of the first split ring 260 and/or the second split ring 250. In one or more embodiments, the first split ring 260 and/or the second split ring 250 may be heat treated. Common alloys that may be used include, but are not limited to, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon and boron. Other alloys that may be used include, but are not limited to, aluminum, cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, tin and zirconium. In another embodiment, the split ring 260 may be manufactured from a non-alloy steel. In still other embodiments, the split ring 260 may be manufactured from other metallic materials. In one or more embodiments, the first split ring 260 and/or the second split ring 250 may be manufactured from non-metallic materials.
Methods of hammer bit assembly/disassembly that include the hammer bit retention system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are generally disclosed with reference to the embodiment shown in
The split ring 260 is then expanded radially outward inside the circumferential cavity 238 as the driver sub 240 is stabbed into the end of the hammer casing 222. Such expansion permits a sufficient clearance between an outer diameter of the driver sub 240 and an inner diameter of the split ring 260. The external threads 248 of the driver sub 240 are threadably engaged with the internal threads 228 of the hammer casing 222 and tightened to a specified torque, as will be known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The split ring 260 is then collapsed to a non-expanded diameter such that the split ring 260 engages the outer surface 258 of the driver sub 240.
The split ring 260 may be radially expanded in a number of ways in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, as previously disclosed, the driver sub 240 may be configured having a tapered outer profile. As the driver sub 240 is inserted into the hammer casing 222 and through the split ring 260 installed in the circumferential cavity 238, the tapered profile of the driver sub 240 radially expands the split ring 260 by forcing the split ring 260 to climb on the tapered profile as the driver sub 240 penetrates the hammer casing 222. The split ring 260 may continue to climb the tapered profile of the driver sub 240 until the split ring 260 is axially located at the proper location on the driver sub (i.e., below or past the external threaded portion 248).
In one or more other embodiments, commercially available tools (e.g., needle-tip pliers) may be used to manually radially expand the split ring 260 by applying opposing forces on the end portions of the split ring 260 as the driver sub 240 is stabbed into the hammer casing 222. For example, the end portions of the split ring 260 may be accessed through the access window 224 (
Once installed, the split ring 260 may remain stationary (i.e., the split ring 260 is substantially prevented from rotating) when the downhole tool is in operation so that the end portions of the split ring 260 remain aligned with the access window 224, thus allowing for disassembly. To prevent the split ring 260 from rotating, a lug 290 may be disposed in the split 270 of the split ring 260 as a stopper to prevent rotation of the split ring 260. The lug 290 may be installed after the split ring 260 is installed in the hammer casing 222. The lug 290 is disposed in the split 270 such that the middle section 292 of the lug 290 is aligned with the access window 224 of the hammer casing 222. The lug 290 may also be press fitted in the access window 224. In one or more embodiments, the access window 224, after the lug 290 is installed, may be sealed using a silica gel or sealing material to prevent particles from entering the central bore 230 of the hammer casing 222 through the access window 224. The sealing material may be removed from the access window 224 prior to disassembly of the driver sub 240 from the hammer casing 222.
To disassemble the driver sub 240 from the hammer casing 222, the split ring 260 is again expanded to disengage the inner surface grooves 264 of the split ring 260 from the external circumferential grooves 246 on the outer surface 258 of driver sub 240. The split ring 260 may be radially expanded by engaging end portions of split ring 260 (or extensions 361 of the split ring 360). The split ring 260 may be expanded via the access window 224 from the outside of the hammer casing 222 by expanding the split ring 260 using pliers or other tools. Once the split ring 260 is radially expanded inside the circumferential cavity 238 of the hammer casing 222, the driver sub 240 may be freely rotated and unthreaded from the hammer casing 222, and subsequently removed from the hammer casing 222.
While embodiments described herein relate to a hammer bit locking mechanism used to prevent a driver sub from backing off a hammer casing, it will be appreciated that the locking mechanism disclosed in one or more embodiments herein may have utility in any number of other tool assemblies and applications which prevent or mitigate a first component from axially separating from a second component.
One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a locking mechanism for threaded connections of downhole percussion hammer bits that may be used in any conventional or state-of-the-art downhole tool. Particularly, embodiments disclosed herein prevent threaded members from backing off (e.g., while the tool is downhole) through the use of a locking mechanism disposed between the threaded members. Thus, the locking mechanism may have broad application and result in cost savings as well as reduced drilling time.
For example, a split ring is assembled at the threaded connection between the hammer casing and driver sub for preventing back-off due to vibrations. Locking the threaded connection with the split ring provides high thrust load capacity, which may translate into cost savings and improved mechanical properties of the threaded connection and components. The split ring further allows for movement in one direction, while preventing the downhole components from separating if the threaded connection becomes loose. The split ring may be applied and removed multiple times without damaging any parts. Finally, the split ring may be adaptable to most downhole tools using threaded component end portions.
Although only a few example embodiments have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the example embodiments without materially departing from “Hammer Bit Locking Mechanism.” Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6 for any limitations of any of the claims herein, except for those in which the claim expressly uses the words ‘means for’ together with an associated function.
Claims
1. A hammer bit locking mechanism, comprising:
- a driver sub adapted to receive and movably couple to a shank of a bit, the driver sub including a portion thereof having an outer surface with one or more grooves therein;
- a hammer casing having a central bore and receiving the portion of the driver sub in the central bore; and
- a locking device disposed between the hammer casing and the portion of the driver sub, the locking device including an inner surface with one or more grooves therein configured to engage the one or more grooves in the outer surface of the portion of the driver sub, the locking device arranged and designed to prevent axial movement of the driver sub relative to the hammer casing in at least one direction.
2. The hammer bit locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the locking device is disposed in a circumferential cavity defining the central bore of the hammer casing.
3. The hammer bit locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein the locking device includes an outer surface thereof with one or more grooves therein configured to engage one or more corresponding grooves on an inner surface of the hammer casing.
4. The hammer bit locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein engagement between the one or more grooves of the inner surface of the locking device and the one or more grooves of the outer surface of the driver sub prevent the driver sub from moving axially in one direction.
5. The hammer bit locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the hammer casing has an access window arranged and designed to permit access to the locking device.
6. The hammer bit locking mechanism of claim 5, further comprising a lug disposed in the access window and positioned between end portions of the locking device.
7. The hammer bit locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the driver sub has a tapered outer profile along an axial length thereof, and wherein the tapered outer profile has an angle of between 5 degrees and 30 degrees relative to a central axis of the driver sub.
8. A method of preventing decoupling of coupled components of a percussion hammer bit, the method comprising:
- inserting a locking device in a circumferential cavity positioned in a hammer casing;
- expanding the locking device;
- inserting at least a portion of a driver sub into a central bore of the hammer casing and through the expanded locking device; and
- coupling the driver sub and the hammer casing such that one or more inner surface grooves of the locking device engage one or more outer surface grooves of the driver sub, thereby preventing axial movement between the driver sub and the hammer casing in at least one direction.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the locking device has one or more outer surface grooves configured to engage one or more corresponding inner surface grooves on the hammer casing.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising accessing the locking device through an access window in the hammer casing.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising installing a lug in the access window of the hammer casing, the lug arranged and designed to prevent the locking device from rotating.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein expanding the locking device is facilitated by a tapered outer surface of the portion of the driver sub being inserted into the central bore of hammer casing and through the expanded locking device.
13. A locking mechanism of a downhole tool, comprising:
- a first body adapted to receive and movably couple to a shank of a bit;
- a second body having a central bore and receiving a portion of the first body in the central bore; and
- a first split ring disposed between the second body and the portion of the first body, the first split ring including an inner surface with one or more grooves formed therein and an outer surface with one or more grooves formed thereon, the first split ring arranged and designed to prevent axial movement of the first body relative to the second body in at least one direction; and
- a second split ring disposed radially within the first split ring, the second split ring including an outer surface with one or more grooves formed thereon, the one or more grooves of the second split ring configured to engage the one or more grooves in the inner surface of the first split ring.
14. The locking mechanism of claim 13, wherein an axial length of the first split ring covered by the grooves formed on the inner surface thereof is between about 75% and about 100% of the axial length of the first split ring, or wherein an axial length of the second split ring covered by the grooves formed on the outer surface thereof is between about 75% and about 100% of the axial length of the second split ring.
15. The locking mechanism of claim 13, wherein an axial length of the first split ring covered by the grooves formed on the inner surface thereof is between about 50% and about 75% of the axial length of the first split ring, or wherein an axial length of the second split ring covered by the grooves formed on the outer surface thereof is between about 50% and about 75% of the axial length of the second split ring.
16. The locking mechanism of claim 13, wherein an axial length of the first split ring covered by the grooves formed on the inner surface thereof is between about 25% and about 50% of the axial length of the first split ring, or wherein an axial length of the second split ring covered by the grooves formed on the outer surface thereof is between about 25% and about 50% of the axial length of the second split ring.
17. The locking mechanism of claim 13, wherein an axial length of the first split ring covered by the grooves formed on the inner surface thereof is between about 1% and about 25% of the axial length of the first split ring, or wherein an axial length of the second split ring covered by the grooves formed on the outer surface thereof is between about 1% and about 25% of the axial length of the second split ring.
18. The locking mechanism of claim 13, wherein the downhole tool comprises a hammer bit.
19. The locking mechanism of claim 13, wherein the first body comprises a driver sub.
20. The locking mechanism of claim 13, wherein the second body comprises a hammer casing.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 3, 2013
Publication Date: Dec 5, 2013
Inventors: Lokesh BHATIA (Houston, TX), Jose F. HURTADO (Houston, TX)
Application Number: 13/908,916
International Classification: E21B 17/07 (20060101);