One-Way Graphics Materials and Methods
Included herein are base materials and methods for use in creation of one-way graphics, including a dye-receptive substrate with a pattern of ink-repellent material over the dye-receptive substrate. An image may be printed selectively onto the base material to leave a visual perforation pattern that allows vision through the printed image under appropriate illumination. Also disclosed are printing methods involving the application of variously ordered layers of light-absorbing, light-reflective, and image mediums to printing substrates with physically raised and lowered areas to create one-way graphics. The invention also includes new forms of one-way graphics, including lenticular and holographic one-way displays, and one-way displays having internal lighting sources.
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This invention relates to materials for one-way graphics and manufacturing techniques for the production of both those materials and one-way graphic images. In particular, this invention relates to novel substrates for one-way graphics, methods of producing those substrates, and methods of placing images upon them. This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §120 of the filing date for application No. 61/656,681 filed Jun. 7, 2012.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONOne-way graphic materials are materials that have an image on one side, yet permit vision through the material from the other side. Optical properties are manipulated such that the material appears opaque from the image side, but appears substantially transparent when viewed from the non-image side. Generally, one-way graphic materials are light permeable, with one relatively dark side and one relatively light side. Images are typically placed on the light side of the one-way material. People viewing from that side will see the image. People viewing the material from the back side of the material do not see the image, but instead see the environment on the far side of the one-way graphic. Other forms of one-way graphics use transparent inks and/or retroreflective materials, and rely on differences in illumination and scale perception to create the same effect, with the image typically visible from the brighter, outdoor side of the window, while being substantially invisible from the darker, inner side of the window.
One-way graphics typically use expensive perforated substrates, upon which an image is printed using digital printers or silk screening. These substrates are typically films of vinyl or acrylic polymers. Other methods of production of one-way graphics involve the application of “print patterns” of bonding material onto the surface of a transparent, non-bonding substrate, as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,052 (Hill et al.). Using individually addressable dots of dye that are deposited using a digital printer, a design pattern is then digitally printed onto the “print pattern” with an ink that forms a durable bond to the print pattern, but not the non-bonding substrate. Ink on areas of non-durable bonds outside the print pattern can then be substantially removed through washing, wiping, or selective adhesion. One-way graphics can thus be made using non-perforated films (e.g., 3M™ Scotchcal™ Clear View Graphic Film IJ8150), wherein a print pattern simulating a perforated surface is used to create unprinted surfaces that simulate the effect of perforation.
One-way graphic films are usually constructed with solid backing attached to the non-image side of the film or substrate. The backing is typically attached to the one-way film using an adhesive release layer on the non-image side of the film, and is made of a material such that the backing can be removed from the adhesive release layer. The image panel is typically then mounted to the outer surface of the window, with the adhesive in contact with the face of the window and the design layer external to the building as the outermost layer. In other applications, the image is reverse printed, so that the adhesive layer can be applied to the inside of the window, and the image viewed from the outside of the window, with the design layer (i.e., the layer of dye that comprises the image) situated on the far side of the substrate from the window.
The Hill '052 patent also discloses methods in which a laminate or protective layer is added to the graphic film after the image has been printed on it, so that the ink or dye layer will be protected from the elements after external attachment to a window. Hill does not disclose methods of producing a one-way film that has a protective layer after application to a window, without requiring a lamination step after production of the image.
One-way vision films have been limited by available production techniques. Typical production methods include digital printing and silk screening or screen printing.
Digital Printers are the most common method of printing one-way graphics. The process is slow and expensive. “Digital printing” includes methods of electrostatic and thermal deposition or transfer, including without limitation digital forms of thermal mass transfer, thermal dye sublimation, direct thermal, photographic, and ink jet digital printing. Typically, a print design is fed into a computer, and a rasterizer is used to break up the image into individual dots of color, each with its own “address” or location within the print image. Most digital printing is done using a four color CMYK printing process, although processes using fewer or more colors are known to those in the art. For many one-way graphic applications, a layer of white dye, paint, or ink underneath the actual image dye is desired. This requires specialized digital printers capable of applying the white dye, paint, or ink, since normal CMYK printers are not capable of printing the color white.
Screen printing, or silk screening, is a stencil method of print making in which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance. Ink is forced into the mesh openings by a full blade or squeegee and onto the printing surface during the blade or squeegee stroke. Each color is laid as an individual layer over the other colors, so that the layers of colors joined together into a finished picture. As a result, this process is very time-consuming and slow. Because of the labor involved and the time involved in this process, this process is very expensive when compared to other methods of printing. Although automated screen printing presses are available, they are generally designed for production of small images (e.g., a tee shirt), rather than the larger images often desired for one-way graphics. Finally, because of the labor involved, screen printing is generally not economical unless a minimum number of printed images are being prepared.
Until now, these are the two main methods of creating one-way window graphics. Because of this one-way window graphics have remained very expensive. The methods described above require special printing substrates and specialized printing machines. It would be more economical to produce one-way graphics if images could be printed using mass production techniques such as lithograph, offset, or web-offset printing processes, and/or using cheaper, generic printing materials. One-way graphics produced using the methods above are visually static, in that the image printed on the graphic does not move in any way. They are also non-emissive and rely entirely on ambient light.
It is an object of the invention to introduce cheaper, mass producible one-way graphics. The invention described below is a process for making one-way Graphic material through such mass production techniques. Another object of the invention is to introduce one-way graphics that allow or simulate dynamic images, and to introduce forms of one-way graphics that have novel lighting effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to materials for one-way graphics and manufacturing techniques for the production of both those materials and one-way graphic images. In particular, this invention relates to novel substrates for one-way graphics, methods of producing those substrates, and methods of placing images upon them.
This document also relates to a series of different configurations used to modify the perceived vision of light passing through, refracted or reflected by the one-way graphic material. As one becomes familiar with the range products after reading these descriptions, it will become apparent that there are many other uses for these products. Many of these products are designed to be selectively light permeable and will also be permeable or selectively permeable to air or gases, water or other liquids, gels or other viscous fluids, sound, energy, radiation, magnetism, granular solids and, or electromagnetic fields. As such, different products can be designed with the technology herein that combines several of these functions, for example a product that is permeable to both light and gases or a product that is permeable to light and gases yet is not permeable to granular solids. Many of the light permeable designs herein have so-called one-way vision properties, where vision from one side of the product is substantially different from vision from a different side or angle. Many one-way vision products have the property of allowing vision through the product in one direction while creating a visual display that is visible from another direction.
A first embodiment of the invention is a base material for use in creation of one-way graphics, wherein the base material is a dye-receptive substrate, with a pattern of areas of ink-repellent material layered over the dye-receptive substrate to define a non-printing area. In a method of printing using this base material, an image may be printed onto the base material. After a period of drying or curing, dye may be removed from the non-printing area by wiping or washing away the dye from the areas of the panel covered by the dye-repellent layer. Such materials may be used as actual substrates for one-way graphics, or may be used as transfer plates for transfer of images to other materials. Variations on this embodiment can be used depending on whether the dye is ink, paint, toner, or some other form of dye.
In another embodiment of the invention, one-way graphics may be produced using a panel of material comprising a transparent substrate with a perforated or selectively permeable removable covering over its face. The perforated or selectively permeable layer has adhesion properties so it peels off easily and is very thin. This assembly can be backed with adhesive and a protective release liner. The printable panel would be constructed so that an image may be printed on the panel as a whole. Once the printing is complete, the perforated low tack covering is separated from the assembly leaving behind a pattern that makes up an image. The windows or voids in the image necessary for the one-way graphic effect are created by the removal of the perforated covering. The panel may then be mounted on a window or other transparent surface for one-way graphic effect.
Also disclosed herein are light masks for producing images for one-way window graphics on electrostatic machines and methods of using those light masks. This light mask can be a perforated, opaque material that screens portions of the image to be copied from the imaging system. The light mask creates a pattern of holes or voids in the pattern of the image created by the electrostatic machine. When the image is then printed onto a transparent substrate, the image has a pattern of holes or voids through which one can see. Another configuration for a light mask is that of a pattern printed upon a transparent sheet. This sheet is placed in between the scanning surface and the image to be copied. The portions of the image to be copied that are visible to the scanner or copier are copied while the blocked portions are not. When this broken up pattern of the image is copied or transferred to a transparent substrate a one-way graphic can be created. Further variations on this invention are described below.
Also disclosed are printing methods involving the application of variously ordered layers of light-absorbing, light-reflective, and image mediums to printing substrates with raised and lowered areas to create one-way graphics. The invention also includes new forms of one-way graphics, including lenticular and holographic one-way displays, and one-way displays having internal lighting sources.
As used herein, “one-way graphic materials” refers to materials that appear essentially opaque and non-transparent from the image side, but appear substantially transparent when viewed from the non-image side under appropriate light conditions. The direction of one-way vision may change with environmental conditions, such as when night falls and lights are turned on inside a building. Images are typically placed on the light side of the one-way material. People viewing from that side will see the image. People viewing the material from the back side of the material do not see the image, but instead see the environment on the far side of the one-way graphic. Generally, one-way graphic materials are constructed using films or sheets that have multiple gaps or perforations in their non-transparent surface, thereby allowing light to permeate through the material.
“Non-printable area” or “non-bonding area” refers generally to any area of print medium which does not bond permanently to ink used during printing, such that any ink on that area may be physically removed during the printing process, leaving behind a gap, absence, or perforation in the target image. The non-printable or non-bonding area may be continuous or discontinuous, and may be of varying sizes or patterns, including holes, dots, grids, matrices, lattices, or random patterns.
“Printing” and “printing processes” include, but are not limited to, screen printing, offset printing, lithography, linotype, rotogravure, inkjet, electrostatic printing, xerography, letter press, web, flexographic, and intaglio or other processes where an image medium such as paint or ink is applied to a substrate. This list is not meant to be exclusive or exhaustive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize additional forms of printing.
“Image medium,” “ink,” and “dye” as used throughout this document include, but are not limited to inks, paints, dyes, pigments, electrostatic and thermal toner materials, colored liquids, pastes, or solids, and any other materials used in various printing, painting, and/or engraving processes to form and create an image. This list is not meant to be exclusive or exhaustive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize additional image mediums.
“Perforation” or “void” refers generally to any void or area of complete transparency in a panel of one-way graphic material. A perforation may be physical, as in the case of a hole cut through or from a material, or visual, as in the case where a physically non-perforated substrate contains areas of transparency. Perforations may be of varying sizes or patterns, including holes, dots, grids, matrices, lattices, or random patterns.
“Perforation pattern” refers to the collective area of perforations and/or voids in a one-way graphic panel. The perforation pattern generally constitutes 35% to 75% of the surface area of a panel, and is usually around 50% of the area. For example, in commercially available perforated PVC films for one-way graphics such as SuperVue™, ImageVue™, and ImageJetVue™ films distributed by Clear Focus Imaging, Inc., and Avery® HP MPI 2728 perforated 65/35 film, the perforated area generally constitutes 50% or 35% of the total surface area of the film.
The permeable materials as used in the descriptions herein can be constructed, assembled, manufactured, extended, introduced, induced, grown, molded, constrained, shaped or otherwise formed by any one or combination of the following methods; weaving, formed with holes, capillary action induced, foamed, sintered, crushed, deposited, optical deposition, thermal deposition, chemical deposition, electric or magnetic deposition, gas deposition, liquid deposition, gel out, formed in strips, non-woven mat, printed, foam sheet or other such method or compositions whereby some portion of electromagnetic wave, light, liquid, solid, plasma, and or gas can pass through the material.
The products, materials and methods described herein can be constructed, grown, formed, constrained, shaped, molded or otherwise made to conform to significantly one, two, or three-dimensional shapes. These shapes can be used as advertising media, stage props, masks, art, sculpture, medical, filtration, protective devices, or the like. Many other products, processes and possibilities will become apparent as one understands the technology described herein. The descriptions herein or in no way meant to limit the scope of the technology described herein but merely to illustrate the potential of the technology in many different industries.
Printing of One-Way Graphics Using Offset Methods
One embodiment of the invention is a process that works on the same principle that is used in the offset type of printing press, in which ink adheres to some materials and not to others. A stencil of the image is created that has areas that attract ink and other areas that repel the ink. When the stencil is rolled in contact with an ink roller, the ink having an oil- or grease-type base does not adhere to the wet areas of the stencil (i.e., those covered with the repellent) but to the dry areas. The ink and the ink repellant do not mix. Using multiple plates, it is possible to deposit successive layers of different colors to create an image.
The same principle can be used to create one-way graphics. The surface of printed piece can be treated to act like a stencil, to attract the marking material in some areas and to repel the marking material in other areas. Many different patterns are possible to give a great choice in the resulting ratio of open areas (i.e., non-printed areas) around the marked areas and the texture or grain size of the non-printed pattern.
In one embodiment of the invention, a repelling compound is applied to a substrate after a pattern of a first material (e.g., an ink-receptive material) is printed onto the substrate. As with the case of the stencil above, the interaction between the repelling compound and the previously printed pattern would be such that the repelling compound would not adhere to the portions of the substrate covered by the pattern, but would coat all areas not printed with the pattern of the first material. This would create an ink-receptive pattern along with a non-printable area of the repelling material, so that the successive colors printed onto the substrate would be built up precisely onto the pattern of the first material.
Another embodiment of the invention described herein consists of a substantially clear or transparent base material capable of bonding with ink, with a pattern deposited upon it of a material that repels subsequent layers of ink, thereby creating a non-bonding silhouette area. In this embodiment, the image is printed onto the clear base material, and ink is subsequently removed from the non-bonding area using standard means, such as a washing or physical pressure, leaving behind a printed image.
In another embodiment of the invention, the base material is a transfer medium designed so that the image can be transferred from the base material to another material. The transfer medium or substrate would be treated with the pattern of a repelling compound prior to the printing process to create one or more non-printable areas. The transfer medium then could be printed onto using standard printing practices. Ink sitting on the non-printable area of the transfer medium could then be selectively removed, and the printed area of the transfer medium could be used to transfer the image to the print surface.
In these various embodiments, the pattern of the repelling compound could be used to create a series of voids or windows in the printed surface. These windows could allow light or vision through the finished product, which could be either a clear substrate that is printed onto directly or a clear material that the image would be transferred onto indirectly. The repelling compound could be on the transfer medium prior to the printing process. In other embodiments of a transfer or printing process, it could be on the clear material before the image is transferred onto it. The repelling compound could be used to coat embedded foils, reflectives, semi transparencies, or other effects that would need to remain substantially print- or ink-free.
The print-repelling media is formulated so that subsequent layers (e.g., layers of different color applied during offset printing) will not transfer over to that portion of the substrate covered with a pattern of the print repelling compound. The repelling compound and the subsequent layers can be applied to the transfer medium by any combination of a printing process, a transfer process, attraction, deposition, a direct deposit process, a spray or jet application process, or other comparable means. The repelling compound may be applied to the medium and be allowed to dry before the medium is used in the subsequent processes. Or the repelling compound may still be wet when the medium goes through the subsequent processes. For example for multi-station printing processes such as 4,5,6 or more color process, it may be desirable to print the print repelling pattern onto the medium at the first station, with the different colors following immediately. Alternately, a person of skill in the art will recognize that the above embodiments describe not only methods of printing one-way graphics, but also substrates that could be distributed as printing materials for one-way graphics on generic or specially adapted printing apparatuses.
Depending on the nature of the subsequent layers used, different disbursements or repellents maybe used. For example it may be desirable to use a water-based compound when using oil-based layers, or oil-based compounds when using water-based inks or paints. Silicone based compounds may work with both oil-based and water-based inks and paints.
The non-printable area created by the repellent surface may be of any of a variety of patterns, including a pattern of lines, dots or preferably a random pattern. In one preferred embodiment, the ink-repelling compound would be printed in a random pattern. The use of a random pattern will be less noticeable when the eye is looking out through the material. This is due to the fact the human perception looks for color and pattern in recognizing shapes color and objects. With a random pattern one does not see a recognizable shape, especially if the pattern is of a neutral color. Alternately, if the base material can accept the ink or paint used in the printing process, then the initial pattern need only be of a compound that repels the ink or paint used in the printing process. If the base material is such that it repels the ink or the paint used in the printing process, then the initial pattern need only be of a compound that attracts and bonds to the subsequent layers and/or colors of ink or paint used in the printing process.
The printing process described herein could use a modified source material or modified manufacturing techniques. With the modified source material, it would use a transparent material that is pre-printed with an area that repels ink. When the material is printed using an offset web printing process, it first goes through a black ink process, next it goes through a white printing process, and then it goes through a four or six color process as needed. Each layer and color of ink is bonds only in those areas desired and not in those areas which repel the ink.
For the modified manufacturing technique, a new station would be added which would apply the repelling compound to the material as it is fed through the web printing process. The repelling compound would be such that it would adhere to the material yet the ink would not adhere to it. The areas to be left clear can be done in a random pattern so that a pattern in not as discernible.
Each of the steps in
It is possible to produce a product with a transparent substrate that is then coated with a transparent or translucent bonding material. This bonding material is adhered to the substrate in a pattern that leaves voids. This assembly is then imaged as in
Six similar stations are shown as 6A through 6F. For the production of the assembly of
For the production of the assembly of
For the production of the assembly of
For the production of the assembly of
The following is a set of steps for the production of one configuration of a base material by means of offset process or the like for use with inkjet, painting or paint jet, or other such imaging processes. The first station (6A) would apply the repelling compound to the desired substrate. The second (6B) would apply a light-absorbing coating that bonds to the areas of the substrate devoid of the repelling compound but are repelled from the areas coated by the repelling compound. The next station would apply a light reflective coating if also desired. The last station could apply a protective coating to the assembly. More or fewer stations can be used as desired or as required for any particular application. As with the other configurations, each of the steps can be done in a continuous manner or can be done at different times and/or be done at different locations as desired.
In subsequent steps the assembly above is then imaged with such means a painting, inkjet, paint jet, or the like, where the applied compounds bond to the light reflective coating areas but not to the areas of the assembly with the repelling compound.
The following is a set of steps for the production of another configuration of a base material by means of offset process or the like for use with inkjet, processes using charged toner particles, transfer processes, painting or paint jet, or other such imaging processes. This configuration would use a substrate with inherent repelling properties. The first station (6A) would apply a light-absorbing coating that bonds to the substrate. The next station (6B) would apply a light reflective coating if also desired that bonds to the light-absorbing coating but is repelled from the areas of the substrate that are devoid of the light-absorbing coating. More or fewer stations can be used as desired or as required for any particular application. As with the other configurations, each of the steps can be done in a continuous manner or can be done at different times and/or be done at different locations as desired.
In subsequent steps the assembly above is then imaged with such means a painting, inkjet, paint jet, or the like, where the applied compounds bond to the light reflective coating areas but not to the areas of the repelling substrate that are uncovered by the bonding light-absorbing coating and the light reflective coating.
Another configuration for a one-way graphic base material for imaging through such processes as inkjet, painting or paint jet, processes using charged toner particles, transfer processes, or other such imaging processes can be produced by means of offset process or the like. This configuration would use transparent substrate or one that transmits a portion of light. The first station (6A) would apply a repelling compound to areas of the substrate. In subsequent steps the assembly above is then imaged with such means a painting, inkjet, paint jet, or the like, where the applied compounds bond to the substrate in the areas that are free of the repelling compound. The image is printed in reverse and then covered with an optional light reflective coating and then a light-absorbing coating, both of which bonds to the substrate but not to the repelling compound.
Alternately, the light-absorbing coating and the light reflective coating can be applied to the assembly of the substrate and the repelling compound as shown in
Then the image is produced through painting, inkjet, paint jet or the like. Each of the coatings applied after the repelling compound is repelled from those areas of the substrate that are coated by the repelling compound.
A base material that can be transparent, translucent or opaque that will hold an image can be coated with a pattern of repelling material in the first station 6A. This assembly can then be imaged and coated with a light-absorbing material and an optional light reflective material between the image and the light-reflecting layer. These coatings temporarily adhere to the substrate in the areas without the repelling compound and are repelled from the areas with the repelling compound. The combination of image, optional light-reflecting layer and light-absorbing area can then be transferred to a transparent material to create a one-way graphic material. The order of the image, optional light reflective layer and light-absorbing areas may be changed if desired to create a one-way graphic material with a different orientation. Alternately, a substrate with repelling properties may be coated with a temporary bonding material in a pattern and then be coated and processed as above with materials that transfer to a transparent material.
Other printing or painting processes can be used to apply the various compounds and substances as outlined here.
For the web process production or other continuous printing production of any of the configurations the substrate (4) could be supplied by roll material in a continuous manner. After going through one or more of the steps 6A through 6F, the assembly would then be cut to the desired size. This could create a one-way graphic feed stock or base material for other printing processes.
Inkjet Printing
One-way materials can also be produced through an inkjet printing process. Since many base materials naturally repel the inkjet printing liquid it would be easy to apply the principles outlined here for the production of inkjet-printed one-way graphic materials. For inkjet-printed one-way graphic materials, a clear substrate with inkjet liquid repelling properties is printed with a bonding material capable of bonding to both the clear substrate and to the inkjet liquid in a pattern that contains voids. This bonding material can be of a black or dark color that is then over-printed with a white compound. This one-way material would be produced for mounting the graphic material with the image visible on the outside of the transparent surface on which the material would be mounted. Shaped or three dimensional products can be similarly constructed with the structure of the material being deposited as desired. Such products can be constructed by any of the deposition methods.
To create an inkjet base material for mounting the graphic to enable viewing it through the glass, the bonding material would be transparent or translucent. Colors are printed using different colored inks, which attract to and bond to the areas of the substrate with the bonding material, but are repelled from areas of the substrate without the bonding material. Once all of the colors are printed then the remaining areas of the bonding material pattern are printed with white inkjet liquid. The final stage is the over-printing of all colors, including the white, with black inkjet liquid. Of course this sequence can be reversed so that the image is visible on the opposite side of the assembly.
Equipment modifications to the inkjet printer may be required to accomplish the necessary steps. Alternately, one can run the graphic through the printer one or more times after changing the inkjet color cartridge.
For printing, forming, constructing, growing, developing, or deposition processes using particulate matter, a pattern of particulate receptive areas and particulate areas can be printed or otherwise deposited onto or created on a clear substrate or onto a transfer medium. The particulate matter in subsequent operations is attracted or transferred to the receptive areas and rejected from the repelling areas, which are transparent. The pattern created allows light passages through the area of the repelling compound. Both the receptive and the repelling compounds can be printed, formed, constructed, grown, developed, deposited or copied onto a clear medium or transferred onto a clear medium or substrate. The patterns created could have the image broken up into blocks or pixels with the light passages around the individual pixels. The areas around the pattern can create voids, holes, or windows in the pattern, which become the light passages.
Different variations are possible with this theme. For example, receptive areas may be created on a substrate with natural repelling properties, or repelling areas may be created on a substrate that can attract and hold the particles. If the particles are deposited onto a transfer material, the transfer material may have areas with receptive areas or repelling areas. The receptive and/or attractive areas of any of the products described herein can have these properties through the use of chemical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, or magnetic manipulation, or any combination thereof. The transfer material may have natural repelling properties and be made to have a pattern of receptive areas, or the transfer material may have natural attracting properties and be made to have a pattern of repelling areas. Additionally it is possible that a typical or unmodified transfer material that has been printed or otherwise imaged transfer the image onto a substrate with receptive areas or repelling areas as described above.
The repelling areas may be areas with an inherent charge of the same polarity as the particles. Or the repelling areas may be created through conductive inks that dissipate the charges that are applied to the print medium during the process in order to attract the charged particles. If this charge is dissipated on areas on the medium during the process, the particles are not attracted to those areas. These areas become the light passages or windows that create the one-way graphic effect.
The substrate may be constructed of a number of stacked elements one or more of which is a dielectric coating or material and one or more of which is an electrically conductive coating or material. One or more of the conductive layers can have a pattern which can either attract or repel the layers into specific patterns when charged electrostatically with the charge the same or different polarity than that of the inherent charge of the particles
Four or more color processes can be built up side-by-side or one on top of the other in order to achieve different effects. For the creation of directly imaged one-way graphics, the electrostatic copier or printer could be directed to print a continuous layer of neutral dark color which would be broken up into a pattern by the attraction or the repulsion of the particles. This is accomplished by the charge that is present in the conductive layers of the substrate. Conversely, the conductive layers of the substrate may fail to attract the particles. The other layers that make up the image are deposited on to the pattern as needed to achieve the desired image. Voids in the image are created by the pattern of attracted or repelled particles which when copied or printed onto a clear substrate with clear dielectric ink conductive coatings, or when transferred onto a clear substrate, permit the passage of light and the ability to see through the assembly, through the voids.
Transparent Substrate with Perforated Covering
Another method of producing one-way graphic material is to use a transparent substrate with a perforated or selectively permeable covering over its face. The perforated or permeable layer has adhesion properties so it peels off easily and is very thin. This assembly can be backed with adhesive and a protective release liner, using electrostatic static cling properties, magnetic, gas pressure or other such methods designed to keep the permeable layer in close proximity to the substrate. This assembly can be packaged for use with various different imaging methods. In practice for an exterior amount one-way window graphic material, a dark light-absorbing coating would be printed or applied first, next an optional light-reflecting coating may be applied, then the image is printed. Once the printing is complete the perforated low tack covering is separated from the assembly leaving behind a pattern that makes up an image. The windows or voids in the image necessary for the one-way graphic effect are created by the removal of the perforated covering.
An interior mounted one-way window graphic material would have the image printed first in reverse followed by an optional light reflective coating, then a dark light-absorbing coating. This configuration would also have the low tack perforated covering separated from the assembly after imaging, creating voids in the image. The view through these voids is from the side opposite where the image is visible. Any ink or paint that is applied to the low tack perforated covering is removed from the assembly along with the low tack perforated covering. If this low tack perforated covering is thin enough virtually any type of printing process may be used to create one-way window graphics.
Since the one-way graphic effect is dependent on two primary factors, the first being perception and the other being lighting, a random pattern works best on fooling perception. Human perception works by recognizing colors and shape patterns. When a random pattern is used and overprinted with a dark ink or paint, the human eye does not see the color or the pattern on the surface of the one-way graphic, so the eye looks beyond to where there is color and pattern. On the opposite side, the color and patterns are printed on the graphic surface so the eye stops at the surface and generally does not see beyond the surface. The one-way effect works best when the lighting is greater on the side of the graphic image and not behind the graphic surface.
In addition to an image being printed onto the graphic surface, an image can be projected onto a one-way surface. In this configuration a panel with a black or dark surface on one side has a light colored surface that can have embedded light reflective components on the opposite side. This assembly is light permeable so that light and vision passes selectively through the assembly. Printing a black or light-absorbing pattern on a transparent sheet, and then printing a white or light-reflecting coating on top of the light-absorbing layer is another method of producing a projection one-way screen. When a transparent substrate with ultraviolet screening properties is used, the printed portion of the screen is protected by ultraviolet light coming through the screen. This protects the screen image from fading in bright sunlight. The screen would show a pattern of light reflective material on one side of the screen and voids in the pattern through which one can see. The opposite side would show a dark, light-absorbing pattern with voids through which one can see.
Alternately, the light reflective coating can be printed first which is then overlaid with a dark layer of printing. The substrate material can be various different materials that have a clear adhesive layer on the backside that is protected by a release layer. The release layer is peeled away from the substrate to expose the adhesive layer prior to the installation of the one-way projection screen to the glass surface. The substrate may also be a material with static cling properties; materials with an embedded electrostatic charge that is attracted to the window or glass surface through electrostatic attraction.
Light Mask One-Way Graphics
Images for one-way window graphics can be produced on electrostatic machines with the use of a light mask. This light mask can be a perforated, opaque material that screens portions of the image to be copied from the imaging system. Such electrostatic machines use a roller or plate that is electrostatically charged. Light reflected onto the roller or plate modifies the charge according to the image to be copied. When the light is interrupted and broken into a pattern by the light mask the image on the roller or plate is similarly broken into a pattern. When the image is then printed onto a transparent substrate, the image has a pattern of holes or voids through which one can see. Another configuration for a light mask is that of a pattern printed upon a transparent sheet. This sheet is placed in between the scanning surface and the image to be copied. The portions of the image to be copied that are visible to the scanner or copier are copied while the blocked portions are not. When this broken up pattern of the image is copied or transferred to a transparent substrate a one-way graphic can be created.
Alternately, the roller or plate mechanism of the electrostatic copier can be modified so that areas of the roller or plate are unaffected by either the charging process or the modification by the light.
Inks or paints that settle or separate during the drying and curing process can produce one-way graphic materials. These inks or paints would be printed onto a transparent substrate and could work in either of two ways. The first way is that once the image is printed in a series of dots a dark color moves to the bottom of the dot which is in contact with the surface of the substrate while the different colors migrate to or stay at the surface of the dot. From the printed surface one sees the different colors in a pattern with voids that make up an image. From the reverse, one looks through the transparent substrate to see a dark pattern with voids. Since one does not see color or a recognizable pattern in the black pattern one sees through the voids to where there is color and pattern.
The second method of producing a one-way graphic material through separating inks, dyes or paints uses inks, dyes or paints that separate with the dark color rising to the surface of the printed pattern, while the color moves to the bottom of the printed pattern which is in contact with the transparent substrate.
The motive force for the separation of the different colors can be such forces as electrostatic attraction/repulsion, magnetic attraction/repulsion, gravity, centrifugal force, laser, microwave, particle beam, electron beam, or other such energy source.
It is possible to create one-way graphics through the use of inks or paints in which the surface changes color when exposed to energy sources such as electrostatic attraction/repulsion, magnetic attraction/repulsion, gravity, centrifugal force, laser, microwave, particle beam, electron beam, heat, cold, or other such energy source. The graphic would be applied to a transparent material in a pattern that would leave voids for the transmission of light. Energy would be directed to the ink or paint which would change the color of the inks or paint's surface. The energy could darken the pattern uniformly on the surface, yet the color and pattern when viewed form the opposite side (through the transparent material) would appear unaffected. An observer would see a pattern of dark areas on the surface of a transparent material from one side, and would see a graphic image from the reverse when looking through the transparent material.
Alternately, the graphic image can be exposed to energy through the transparent material that changes the color of the ink or paint layer that is in contact with the transparent material. The exposed surface of the ink or paint would appear unaffected. An observer with this configuration would see a graphic image when looking at the side of the transparent material with the ink or paint. From the opposite side the observer would see the pattern, changed by the energy, through the transparent material.
Similar products can be produced through the use of inks or paints that change colors when exposed to other elements, compounds, solvents, chemicals, gases, or the like. The surface of the ink or paint in this configuration can be changed by such means or the layer of ink or paint that comes in contact with the transparent material can change due to contact with the transparent material or a substance applied to the transparent substrate. Materials that change properties when exposed to temperature variations, external force, radiation, stress, electromagnetic fields, magnetic or electrical fields or charges, electromagnetic radiation, field effects or the like can be used in many different products described herein for different effects.
Toner Receptive One-Way Graphic Material
A one-way graphic material may be created from a transparent medium that has areas that can attract and hold toner particles and/or areas which repel or do not attract toner particles. A pattern of transparent conductive material printed, painted or otherwise applied to the surface of the transparent material could be used for such purposes. The conductive areas could dissipate any charges that would attract and hold the charged particles of the toner. Additionally, the conductive areas may be charged either directly or through such methods as induction of a charge that would actively repel the toner particles. The transparent medium could be covered with a pattern of a material that has an inherent charge that repels the toner particles. Many such materials and compounds are well known in the prior art, however their use for creating such a one-way graphic medium is novel and unknown.
It is also possible to use a transparent substrate that has dielectric properties, that is the ability to insulate and not transmit or dissipate electrical charges. Prior to imaging the graphic through an electrostatic process, the substrate may have areas of its surface charged with a pattern of electrostatic charge. The toner particles with their inherent charges would then be attracted or repelled from the areas of the substrate with electrostatic charges depending on the respective polarities of the charges.
Often short runs of graphic materials are produced through such means as an electrostatic plotter. Often the output of the electrostatic plotter is that of an image on transfer paper. This transfer paper is constructed so that its surface will accept an image from the electrostatic plotter, yet when the image side of the transfer paper is placed in contact with other media trough pressure and heat, the image bonds to and is transferred to the other media.
A one-way graphic transfer media may be created for such printing methods as electrostatic plotters, inkjet printers, paint jet printers, electrostatic copiers of other such imaging processes. The one-way graphic transfer media would be constructed of a base material such as paper, plastic, or other such media that is coated with a light-absorbing coating and a light reflective coating both of which are made to release form the substrate and transfer to another media. An image is applied to the light reflective coating of the one-way graphic transfer media through such means as mentioned above or any other means as may be developed. The portions of the image, the light-absorbing coating and the light reflective coating are transferred to a transparent media through such means as heat and/or pressure.
There are many different ways to limit the areas that are transferred. One method is to place a screen between the transparent media and the one-way graphic transfer media. The transfer to the transparent media is only made where the transparent media makes contact through the screen with the one-way graphic transfer medium.
Additionally, one or more rollers which supply heat and/or pressure may have a pattern of raised or lowered areas so that certain areas of the roller produce the heat and/or the pressure required for the transfer. The roller may even have holes or voids that draw up a portion of either the one-way graphic transfer medium or the transparent media through gravity, positive or negative air pressure, electrostatic, magnetic, or other such force. Any of these methods and other as well can transfer the image, the light-absorbing coating and the light reflective coating to the transparent media while leaving portions or areas void for the transmission of light and/or vision.
Additionally either the transparent media or the one-way graphic media after imaging may be coated with a pattern that either assists or hinders the transfer process in order that the finished product would have holes or voids in the graphic to allow light transmittance.
Alternately, the transparent substrate can have areas of embedded charge, which repel the toner particles. This substrate can be used for all printing processes that use charged particles or inks such as electrostatic printers, color electrostatic printers and electrostatic plotters.
Often a greater degree of one-way effect is desired, for greater security. Or, the application may require installation where the image side of the graphic has a lower light level than the see through side of the one-way graphic. One-way graphics with a transparent substrate allow too much light through for the one-way effect to be properly perceived. In installations such as these a tinted or a semi-reflective substrate material may be substituted for the transparent substrate. A tinted or a semi-reflective substrate may be used for all embodiments where there is a transparent substrate.
This charged grid in each of the
Permeable Materials for One-Way Graphics
The permeable materials as used in the descriptions herein can be constructed, assembled, manufactured, extended, introduced, induced, grown, molded, constrained, shaped or otherwise formed by any one or combination of the following methods; weaving, formed with holes, capillary action induced, foamed, sintered, crushed, deposited, optical deposition, thermal deposition, chemical deposition, electric or magnetic deposition, gas deposition, liquid deposition, gel out, formed in strips, non-woven mat, printed, foam sheet or other such method or compositions whereby some portion of electromagnetic wave, light, liquid, solid, plasma, and or gas can pass through the material.
Below is a list of light permeable materials suitable for the construction of one-way graphic vision materials. Each of these materials would be constructed so that an image is visible on one side of the assembly and yet one can see through the assembly when viewing from the side opposite the image. Each of these materials could also have an adhesive material applied and or a protective layer applied to protect the adhesive or assembly. Also additional protective layers could be applied to the image side of the assembly to protect the image from environmental factors such as weather, cleaning agents or processes, light degradation, soiling, UV exposure, etc.
Materials may be constructed as woven materials, where strips or threads of substrate are woven so that light may pass through the assembly. The woven material could then be pressed flat to minimize the surface variations caused by the warp and weave of the weaving process. The flattening process could also bond the material together, thereby increasing strength.
Foamed materials that are thin and permit light to pass through may be imaged, printed or painted to create one-way graphic materials. Foamed materials may also be pressed flat to minimize the surface variations.
One-way graphics may be constructed from light permeable non-woven materials. As with other materials the non-woven material may be pressed flat to minimize surface variations or the non-woven material may be made upon a flat surface so that the resulting material is substantially flat enough to readily be imaged through many different printing processes. These materials could be monofilaments, threads, strings, fibers or the like.
Upright pins on a form into which a material is formed could create a light permeable material suitable for one-way graphics. A granular, fluid or plastic material would be poured, spread or otherwise placed on the form where pins would create voids in the finished product, creating a light permeable material.
One-way graphic materials could be constructed through a fractured method, where two dissimilar materials, one transparent and the other opaque are bonded together and then the opaque material fractures, leaving voids or open areas. These voids or open areas expose areas of the transparent material creating light permeability. This could be accomplished by use of a transparent material that expands relative to the opaque material causing the opaque material to fracture, or by use of an opaque material the fractures and shrinks relative to the transparent material or both. The opaque material would carry the image.
Mass-Printing Materials with Raised/Lowered Surfaces
In other embodiments, different levels can be achieved by adhering, bonding, placing, forming, growing or otherwise creating raised sections (125). These raised sections can then be imaged (124) by any suitable means. The raised sections (125) can be created by attracting discs, particles, bits, pieces, or other such matter through the use of electrostatic or magnetic forces. Areas of the substrate (126) are left substantially transparent.
In yet another embodiment, raised areas of the assembly can be a detachable or removable assembly consisting of one or more of the following: substantially transparent substrate, adhesive layer, and an image or pattern formed on one or more areas or levels of the assembly. In this configuration a protective backing assembly is provided to protect the adhesive layer or coating.
In other embodiments, the materials described herein may have different levels as in the configuration of
As with the other configurations described herein the raised sections and or the lower sections may be produced by any means including but not limited to, forming, stamping, molding, growing, nonwoven, bonding, constructing, fabricating, made, etching, developing, ablating, building up, etching, developing, foaming, inflating, expanding, shaving, imprinting, embossing, or otherwise made, formed or constructed so that the product has sections at different levels. As with other methods described herein, the surfaces of each of the different levels may have properties that attract and/or repel subsequent coatings, layers or operations.
One-Way Materials with Internal Light Sources
One-way graphic materials can be created that have internal lighting.
The perceived view from side B is substantially through the assembly, through gaps or permeable areas in the coating, layer or other such material of (120). The coating, layer or other such material of (120) may have light reflective or light refractive properties on the side facing the material, or substrate. A coating, layer or other such material (118) may be placed on the other side of the assembly, in this case side A. This coating, layer or other such material (118) may be substantially translucent or opaque and may also have a decorative effect.
Areas of the substrate that are not permeable (121) may be left uncoated or uncovered by the coating, layer or other such material of (118) to allow the passage of light from the light source (113). Alternately, the non-permeable areas (121) may be tinted, painted, colored or otherwise modified so that the light coming from those areas have the appearance of being different colors.
As shown in
Lenticular and Holographic One-Way Graphics
As noted above, one-way graphics are generally static, consisting of a single image that looks essentially the same wherever it is visible from. A 3D effect for one way vision can be obtained through the use of lenticular lens graphic assemblies. The lenticular lens assembly acts as a series of tiny prisms where the image visible to one eye is different from the image supplied to the other eye. The graphic image for 3D one way vision can include such methods outlined in this document such as inkjet printing, lithography, web printing, electrostatic micro spheres and the like. The assembly containing a lenticular lens and a corresponding graphic can be perforated and backed with a light-absorbing layer to achieve a one way 3D graphic effect.
Another configuration calls for a lenticular lens sheet where an area of several lenses alternates with flat transparent areas. The image would then be broken up into stripes and placed behind the areas of lenticular lenses. The backside of the image stripes would have a light absorbing color. The areas between the stacked lenticular lenses and image stripes would be transparent and clear. When one looks through the medium from the reverse he would see through the assembly between the areas of stacked lenses, image and light absorbing material.
The lenticular lens assembly can use many different patterns of windows.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, holograms may be perforated and backed with a light-absorbing layer to create one way hologram graphic displays. This assembly may be provided with an adhesive means and a protective backing is so desired.
According to Holography Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia copyright 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation:
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- “A hologram differs essentially from an ordinary photograph in that it records not only the intensity distribution of reflected light but also the phase distribution. That is, the film distinguishes between waves that reach the light-sensitive surface while they are at maximum wave amplitude, and those that reach the surface at minimum wave amplitude. This ability to discriminate between waves with different phases is obtained by having a so-called reference beam interfere with the reflected waves.
- “Thus, in one method of obtaining a hologram, the object is illuminated by a beam of coherent light—a beam in which all the waves are traveling in phase with one another. Such a beam is produced by a laser. Essentially, the shape of the object determines the form of the wave fronts—that is, the phase at which the reflected light arrives on each point of the photographic plate. Simultaneously, a portion of the same laser beam is reflected by a mirror or prism and directed toward the photographic plate; this beam is called the reference beam. The wave fronts of this latter beam, not having been reflected from the object, remain plane-parallel and produce an interference pattern with the wave fronts of the light reflected by the object. If the object is a point, for example, the wave fronts of the reflected beam will be spherical; the interference pattern produced on the film will then consist of concentric circles, the space between circles decreasing with increasing radius.
- “The interference pattern produced by a more complicated object will be much more complicated, so mere inspection of the resulting hologram will reveal only an intricate pattern of dark and light structures that bear no apparent relationship to the original object. When the hologram is viewed in coherent light, however, the recorded object becomes visible; and when the hologram is viewed from different angles, the object is also seen from different angles. The three-dimensional effect is obtained because the hologram reconstructs in space the wave fronts that originally were produced by the object.
- “How this happens can be understood by again using the example of the hologram of the point. Coherent light arriving at the concentric circles on the hologram is diffracted on a diffraction grating. The diffraction angle of the beam increases with the distance from the center of the concentric rings, thus reconstructing the spherical wave fronts, and the viewer sees the point at the same relative place where the real point was when the hologram was made. The wave fronts of more complicated objects are reconstructed in the same way. The intensity distribution of the reflected light is recorded in the degree of blackening of the interference patterns on the film.”
In one embodiment of the invention, a hologram is perforated and backed with a light-absorbing layer to create a three dimensional graphic image for a one way effect. The perforations may be done in a number of different patterns, configurations, hole sizes, hole shapes, and percentages of open area versus solid area.
Additionally, portions of the holographic display may be backed with a light absorbing adhesive coating, or a light absorbing coating that is backed with either a transparent, translucent or a light absorbing adhesive. The portions of the holographic display with the adhesive are adhered to a transparent substrate in a way that leaves voids on the transparent substrate. The transparent substrate may be such materials as glass, vinyl, ceramic, plastic compounds, composite materials, or the like. This transparent substrate may be coated with an adhesive for adhesion to another transparent substrate such as a window, wind screen, wind break, door, glass unit, plastic unit or the like. The adhesive used could also include such means of adhesion as adhesives, glues, epoxy compound(s), mucilage, cements, or static cling. This adhesive may also be protected by means of a removable membrane or cover. Alternately, the adhesive may be applied to either the graphic assembly or the second transparent substrate, namely the window, wind screen, wind break, door, glass unit, plastic unit or the like.
The portions of the holographic display may be in many different shapes, sizes, patterns and configurations. They may be produced through such well known means as cutting, slitting, molding, die cutting, kiss cutting, or cutting by laser, water jet, or any other method of cutting materials that may apply.
In yet another embodiment, interesting graphics can be produced with portions of the graphic display containing one-way graphic elements and stereograms or “Magic Eye” graphic effects. Stereograms or “Magic Eye” types of graphics are well known in the prior art. They are created when a pattern has elements or shapes that are “cut out” of the pattern and then shifted or moved horizontally. Typically they are “cut out” through use of computer graphic software. The space or spaces left uncovered after this shift are filled in with additional pattern. When one focuses his eyes beyond the plane of the “Magic Eye” graphic he can see the shapes in a 3D effect. Although interesting and captivating 3D graphics can be created by this method, it is difficult for many people to unfocus their eyes to look beyond the surface to where the elements coalesce into recognizable shapes. When combined with such visual effects as “Magic Eye” 3D graphics, the visual effect can be startling and dramatic. “Magic Eye” type of graphics are created when seemingly random patterns appear on the graphics when looks at the surface, yet when one focuses his eyes beyond the surface, to a point beyond the surface, elements of the seemingly random pattern coalesce into recognizable 3D shapes
When “Magic Eye” type graphics are combined with one-way graphics, one's visual perception can be drawn through the graphic to elements behind the one-way stereogram or “Magic Eye” graphic. When the eyes focus on the elements beyond the surface of the graphic the eyes also focus on the elements of the “Magic Eye” graphic. The effect can be quite startling and dramatic; the 3D “Magic Eye” image seems to pop out of nowhere.
This effect can be used for any number of applications such as storefronts, windows, display cases, and packaging. When used for packaging, the “Magic Eye” elements can be placed around a window, opening or view port. When one looks through said opening to look at the product displayed, the eyes focus on the “Magic Eye” elements. Variable lighting effect can intensify this type of display.
Often a greater degree of one way effect is desired, for greater security. Or, the application may require installation where the image side of the graphic has a lower light level than the see through side of the one way graphic. One way graphics with a transparent substrate allow too much light through for the one way effect to be properly perceived. In installations such as these a tinted or a semi-reflective substrate material may be substituted for the transparent substrate. A tinted or a semi-reflective substrate may be used for all embodiments where there is a transparent substrate.
Claims
1. A method of making a one-way graphic panel comprising:
- selecting an image medium;
- applying a layer of substantially transparent image-medium-repellent material to a substantially transparent image-medium-receptive substrate to create a non-printable area, wherein said image-medium-receptive substrate is capable of forming a durable bond to the selected image medium, and wherein the image-medium-repellent material prevents the image-medium-receptive substrate from durably bonding to the image medium within the non-printable area.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a layer of light-absorbing image medium to the image-medium-receptive substrate.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising applying a layer of light-absorbing image medium to the image-medium-receptive substrate;
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising applying a layer of light-reflective image medium to the image-medium-receptive substrate;
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising applying image medium to said image-medium-receptive substrate to create an image layer, and allowing the image medium to form a durable bond to the non-perforated substrate; and
- removing non-bonded image medium that may have been introduced to the non-printable area from the non-printable area.
6. The method of claim 6, wherein the image medium is applied using a method of printing selected from the group consisting of screen printing, offset printing, lithography, linotype, rotogravure, inkjet, electrostatic printing, xerography, letter press, web, flexographic, and intaglio.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying an electrostatic charge to control printing of image medium, wherein the image-medium-receptive substrate is conductive and the image-medium-repellent material is non-conductive, wherein the differential conductivity is used to define non-printable areas and printable areas.
8. A method of making a one-way graphic panel comprising:
- selecting an image medium;
- presenting a substrate to a printing apparatus for application of the image medium, wherein the substrate is substantially transparent and receptive to the selected image medium, and wherein the substrate contains conductive elements capable of generating an electromagnetic force,
- creating an electromagnetic force using the conductive elements, and using said electromagnetic force to define printable and non-printable areas of said substrate during electrostatic application of the image medium to the substrate,
- wherein the non-printable areas defined by said electromagnetic force are distributed across the area of the substrate such that the non-printable areas allow substantially clear visibility through the substrate from at least one side after image medium has been applied.
9. An apparatus for use as a display panel, said display panel comprising:
- a layer of substantially transparent image-medium-receptive substrate;
- a layer of substantially transparent image-medium-repellent material in contact with the layer of image-medium-repellent substrate, wherein the layer of image-medium-repellent material forms a non-printable area over the image-medium-receptive substrate;
- wherein the non-printable area defines a complementary printable area, arranged so that the non-printable area is capable of providing a substantially clear view through the display panel when the printable area is made non-transparent.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a layer of light-absorbing image medium attached to the printable area of the image-medium-receptive substrate.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a layer of light-reflective image medium attached to the layer of light-absorbing image medium, wherein the light-reflective image medium creates an image layer.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a layer of adhesive covering attached to the image-medium-receptive substrate, wherein the adhesive layer is situated on the opposite side of said substrate from the non-printable area, and a removable layer of non-adhesive backing material attached to the adhesive layer, wherein the removable layer of non-adhesive backing material is attached to the substrate by the adhesive layer.
13. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a layer of adhesive covering attached to the image-medium-receptive substrate, wherein the adhesive layer is situated on the opposite side of said substrate from the non-printable area.
14. A one-way vision panel assembly comprising:
- an image substrate;
- a light-absorbing backing layer, comprising at least one area of light-absorbing material;
- at least two image layers, each comprising a plurality of areas of an image medium applied to the light-absorbing backing layer, each said image layer being perceptible under conditions of appropriate illumination to convey an image;
- a lenticular lens layer, situated parallel to each of the at least two image layers, such that distinct images of each image layer are perceptible from different locations relative to the viewing side of the at least two image layers;
- a pattern of transparent areas, wherein the transparent areas extend through one-way vision panel assembly, and wherein the pattern of transparent areas is distributed such that the panel assembly is substantially transparent when viewed from an area of relatively low illumination looking toward an area of relatively bright illumination,
15. A panel assembly comprising:
- an image substrate, comprising a holographic image;
- a light-absorbing backing layer, comprising at least one area of light-absorbing material;
- a perforation pattern comprising at least one area of transparency, wherein the perforation pattern extends through the one-way vision panel assembly, and wherein the perforation pattern is configured such that the panel assembly is substantially transparent when viewed from an area of relatively low illumination looking toward an area of relatively bright illumination,
16. The panel assembly of claim 15, wherein the perforation pattern constitutes between 25% and 75% of the area of the one-way vision panel assembly.
17. The panel assembly of claim 16, wherein the perforation pattern constitutes approximately 50% of the area of the one-way vision panel assembly.
18. The panel assembly of claim 15, wherein the perforation pattern comprises a plurality of physical gaps in the structure of the one-way
19. The panel assembly of claim 15, wherein the perforation pattern comprises a transparent solid substrate that forms part of the structure of the panel assembly.
20. The panel assembly of claim 15, wherein the holographic image is an embossed hologram.
21. An apparatus for use as a display panel, said display panel comprising:
- a layer of substantially transparent substrate;
- an image layer bonded to the layer of substantially transparent substrate and a backing layer comprising a light-absorbing material;
- wherein said image layer and said backing layer share an identical perforation pattern;
- a light source connected to the layer of substantially transparent substrate.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the light source comprises fiber optics embedded within the substantially transparent substrate, said fiber optics distributed throughout the substantially transparent substrate to deliver light to select portions of the display panel.
23. A method of making a one-way graphic panel comprising:
- presenting a printing substrate having a pattern of raised areas and a pattern of depressed areas to an image medium transfer unit, wherein the surface area said pattern of depressed areas comprises between 25% and 75% of the total surface area of the printing substrate;
- wherein said image medium transfer unit is configured to apply an image medium selectively to the raised portions of the substantially transparent printing substrate;
- applying image medium selectively to the pattern of raised areas on the printing substrate using the image medium transfer unit to create an image pattern.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising applying a layer of light-absorbing image medium selectively to the raised portions of the substantially transparent printing substrate using a second image medium transfer unit.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising applying a layer of light-reflective image medium selectively to the raised portions of the substantially transparent printing substrate using a third image medium transfer unit.
26. A method of making a one-way graphic panel comprising:
- presenting a printing substrate having a pattern of raised areas and a pattern of depressed areas to an image medium transfer unit, wherein the surface area said pattern of depressed areas comprises between 25% and 75% of the total surface area of the printing substrate;
- applying a layer of light-absorbing material to the printing substrate and allowing the light-absorbing material to collect within the pattern of depressed areas and allowing the light-absorbing material to cure to form;
- applying a layer of light-reflective material to the printing substrate and allowing the light-absorbing material to collect within the pattern of depressed areas to form a second layer over the layer of light-absorbing material and allowing the light-reflective material to cure;
- applying at least one image layer to the printing substrate and allowing the image layer to collect within the pattern of depressed areas over the layer of light-reflective material and allowing the light-reflective material to cure;
- wherein the pattern of raised areas is left substantially transparent and allows substantially unobstructed vision through the one-way graphic panel.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising physically removing any image medium that may have collected on the pattern of raised areas of the transparent substrate between each application of image medium.
28. The product of the method of claim 26.
29. The product of the method of claim 27.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 7, 2013
Publication Date: Dec 12, 2013
Applicant: MIND FLOW LLC (San Francisco, CA)
Inventor: Rodney M. Shields (Ukiah, CA)
Application Number: 13/913,262
International Classification: B44F 1/10 (20060101); B44F 7/00 (20060101);