Advanced Feed System for Semi Solid Casting
A feed system for introducing semi-solid metal alloy to a die casting machine includes a first chamber for receiving a metal alloy billet and for preparing the semi-solid metal alloy billet. The first chamber includes heaters and a cutting system. The metal alloy billet is heated by the heaters and cut by the cutting system into predetermined lengths to form semi-solid metal alloy portions. The feed system also includes a second chamber connected to the first chamber by a passage to receive the semi-solid metal alloy portions. The second chamber includes a door that opens and closes the passage and a plunger system that introduces the semi-solid metal portions to a die cast machine. An atmosphere control system is in fluid communication with the first chamber and the second chamber. The atmosphere control system removes oxygen from the feed system. A method using the feed system is also provided.
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The present invention relates to methods for metal casting, and particularly feed systems and methods for semi-solid metal (SSM) casting parts.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONSemi-solid metal (SSM) casting, also known as semi-solid forming, is a hybrid manufacturing method that incorporates elements of both casting and forging. Semi-solid metal casting (SSM) is a near net shape variant of die casting. Die casting is a popular metal forming technique for forming metal or metal alloy parts. Die casting finds broad application in diverse technologies such as automotive parts, plane parts, toys, utensils, and the like. In the typical die casting process, a molten metal or metal alloy is forced under high pressure into a mold cavity.
Unlike typical die casting, SSM process is to introduce raw materials with nondendritic microstructure in the semi-solid state. SSM is done at a temperature that puts the metal between its liquidus and solidus temperature. Ideally, the metal should be 30 to 65% solid. The metal must have a low viscosity to be usable, and to reach this low viscosity the material needs a globular primary surrounded by the liquid phase. The temperature range possible depends on the material and for aluminum alloys is 5-10° C., but for narrow melting range copper alloys can be only several tenths of a degree.
Semi-solid metal (SSM) casting is typically used for high-end castings with non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum, copper, and magnesium. For aluminum alloys typical parts include engine suspension mounts, air manifold sensor harness, engine blocks and oil pump filter housing.
In SSM process, the metal is usually prepared for introduction into a die cast machine by cutting a metal or metal alloy billet into predefined lengths and widths. The feedstock is then heated up into the semi-solid state and introduced into the casting machine. Since the metal is typically heated in ambient before being placed in the casting machine, the metal (surface) is subject to oxygen contamination often with a layer of oxide forming on the metal portions. Such contamination can degrade the quality of the parts being formed resulting in performance problems.
Accordingly, the present invention provides improved methods of making high quality semi-solid metal castings with the proposed advanced feed system and methods of making
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention solves one or more problems of the prior art by providing, in at least one embodiment, a feed system for semi-solid metal casting. The feed system includes a first chamber for receiving a metal alloy billet. The first chamber includes heaters and a cutting system. The metal alloy billet is heated by the heaters and cut by the cutting system into predetermined lengths to form semi-solid metal alloy portions. The feed system also includes a second chamber connected to the first chamber by a passage to receive the semi-solid metal alloy portions. The second chamber includes a door that opens and closes the passage and a plunger system that introduces the semi-solid metal portions to a die cast machine. An atmosphere control system is in fluid communication with the first chamber and the second chamber. The atmosphere control system removes oxygen from the feed system.
In another embodiment, a feed system for semi-solid metal casting is provided. The feed system includes a first chamber for receiving a metal alloy billet. The first chamber also includes heaters and a cutting system. The metal alloy billet is heated by the heaters and cut by the cutting system into predetermined lengths to form semi-solid metal portions. A second chamber is connected to the first chamber by a passage. The second chamber includes a door that opens and closes the passage and a plunger system that introduces the semi-solid metal portions to a die cast machine. A gas purging system is in fluid communication with and provides a positive pressure of an inert gas to the first chamber and second chamber.
In another embodiment, a method of feeding metal alloy billet to a die cast machine using the feed systems set forth above is provided. The method includes a step of introducing the alloy billet into a first chamber which has heaters and a cutting system. The alloy billet is heated in a first chamber under a substantially oxygen free environment to a temperature at which the alloy billet is a semi-solid. The alloy billet is then cut in the first chamber into semi-solid metal alloy portions having a predetermined length. The semi-solid metal alloy portions are introduced into a second chamber through a passage between the first and the second chamber. The second chamber includes a door that opens and closes the passage and a plunger system. The semi-solid metal alloy portions are introduced into the die cast machine by the plunger system.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred compositions, embodiments and methods of the present invention, which constitute the best modes of practicing the invention presently known to the inventors. The Figures are not necessarily to scale. However, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for any aspect of the invention and/or as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.
Except in the examples, or where otherwise expressly indicated, all numerical quantities in this description indicating amounts of material or conditions of reaction and/or use are to be understood as modified by the word “about” in describing the broadest scope of the invention. Practice within the numerical limits stated is generally preferred. Also, unless expressly stated to the contrary: percent, “parts of,” and ratio values are by weight; the description of a group or class of materials as suitable or preferred for a given purpose in connection with the invention implies that mixtures of any two or more of the members of the group or class are equally suitable or preferred; description of constituents in chemical terms refers to the constituents at the time of addition to any combination specified in the description, and does not necessarily preclude chemical interactions among the constituents of a mixture once mixed; the first definition of an acronym or other abbreviation applies to all subsequent uses herein of the same abbreviation and applies mutatis mutandis to normal grammatical variations of the initially defined abbreviation; and, unless expressly stated to the contrary, measurement of a property is determined by the same technique as previously or later referenced for the same property.
It is also to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and methods described below, as specific components and/or conditions may, of course, vary. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is used only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to be limiting in any way.
It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular form “a,” “an,” and “the” comprise plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, reference to a component in the singular is intended to comprise a plurality of components.
Throughout this application, where publications are referenced, the disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.
The term “billet” as used herein refers to a raw metal stock such as a bar stock. Therefore, a metal alloy billet is a metal alloy bar stock.
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With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2A-C, a method of feeding metal alloy to a die cast machine is provided.
As set forth above, the variations and embodiments of the feed system and related method are used to introduce alloys into a die casting system. In a refinement, the metal alloy billets include an alloy with a freezing range (between liquidus and solidus). The presence of a freezing range will typically mean that the purely liquid and solid phases do not concurrently exist within this range. In a further refinement the freezing range is from about 5 to about 100 degrees C., depending alloy compositions. In another refinement, the metal alloy billet comprises an aluminum alloy. Such aluminum alloys typically include aluminum and a component selected from the group consisting of copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, zinc, and combinations. In such aluminum alloys, the amount of aluminum is from about 80 weight percent to about 99.95 weight percent and the amount of other alloying elements is from about 0.05 to about 20 weight percent. In many aluminum alloys, the amount of aluminum is less than about 99 weight percent. Many cast aluminum alloys are hypoeutectic alloys having aluminum dendritic phase forming first during solidification. For example, one type of useful aluminum alloy includes aluminum and silicon. In such alloys, the amount of silicon is usually from about 4 to 14 weight % with the balance being aluminum (86 to 96 weight percent) or aluminum plus other alloying elements (0.05 to 20 weight percent) as above. In another refinement, the alloy billet comprises a component selected from the group consisting of magnesium alloys, tin alloys, zinc alloys, and copper alloys.
While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A feed system for semi-solid metal casting, the system comprising:
- a first chamber for receiving a metal alloy billet, the first chamber including heaters and a cutting system, the metal alloy billet being heated by the heaters and cut by the cutting system into predetermined lengths to form semi-solid metal alloy portions;
- a second chamber connected to the first chamber by a passage to receive the semi-solid metal alloy portions, the second chamber including a door that opens and closes the passage and a plunger system that introduces the semi-solid metal portions to a die cast machine; and
- an atmosphere control system for removing oxygen from the feed system, the atmosphere control system being in fluid communication with the first chamber and the second chamber, the atmosphere control system including an inert gas purging system that introduces an inert gas into the first chamber via inlet port and then into the second chamber via the passage.
2. The feed system of claim 1 wherein the plunger system includes a plunger that pushes the semi-solid metal into the die cast machine.
3. The feed system of claim 2 wherein the plunger is positionable in a first position such that the second chamber receives the semi-solid metal and a second position in which the door is closed.
4. The feed system of claim 3 wherein the plunger system further includes a sheath that operates as the door, the sheath moving with the plunger.
5. The feed system of claim 4 wherein the plunger system further includes a biasing member that acts to move the sheath towards the die cast machine.
6. The feed system of claim 3 wherein the plunger system further includes a hydraulic system for moving the plunger.
7. (canceled)
8. The feed system of claim 1 wherein inert gas is introduced into the second chamber.
9. The feed system of claim 1 wherein the metal alloy billet comprises an alloy with a freezing range.
10. The feed system of claim 1 wherein the metal alloy billet comprises an aluminum alloy.
11. The feed system of claim 10 wherein the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and a component selected from the group consisting of copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, zinc, and combinations.
12. The feed system of claim 10 wherein the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and silicon.
13. The feed system of claim 10 wherein the metal alloy billet comprises a component selected from the group consisting of magnesium alloys, tin alloys, zinc alloys, and copper alloys.
14. A feed system for semi-solid metal casting, the system comprising:
- a first chamber for receiving an alloy billet, the first chamber including heaters and a cutting system, wherein the alloy billet is heated by the heaters and cut by the cutting system into predetermined lengths to form semi-solid metal portions,
- a gas purging system providing a positive pressure of an inert gas to the first chamber; and
- a second chamber connected to the first chamber by a passage, the second chamber including a door that opens and closes the passage and a plunger system that introduces the semi-solid metal portions to a die cast machine.
15. A method of feeding alloy billet to a die cast machine, the method comprising:
- introducing the alloy billet into a first chamber including heaters and a cutting system;
- heating the alloy billet in a first chamber under a substantially oxygen free environment to a temperature at which the alloy billet is a semi-solid;
- cutting the alloy billet in the first chamber into semi-solid metal alloy portions having a predetermined length;
- introducing the semi-solid metal alloy portions into a second chamber through a passage between the first and second chamber, the second chamber including a door that opens and closes the passage and a plunger system; and
- introducing the semi-solid metal alloy portions into the die cast machine by the plunger system.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein inert gas is introduced into the second chamber.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the alloy billet comprises an alloy with a freezing range.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the alloy billet comprises an aluminum alloy.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and a component selected from the group consisting of copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, zinc, and combinations.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum and silicon.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 26, 2012
Publication Date: Dec 26, 2013
Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC (Detroit, MI)
Inventors: Wenying Yang (Rochester Hills, MI), Qigui Wang (Rochester Hills, MI)
Application Number: 13/533,149
International Classification: B22D 17/30 (20060101); B22D 27/00 (20060101);