ANNULAR SEALING IN A ROTATING CONTROL DEVICE
An annular seal having a sealing member and method for use is provided for sealing an item of oilfield equipment. The annular seal has an inner diameter for receiving the item of oilfield equipment and a frame. The seal member is contiguous with the frame. The annular seal is configured for durability, in that it resists wear, inversion, increases lubricity, enables tightness, and/or otherwise generally increases endurance, toughness, and/or permanence.
Latest Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Patents:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/581,427 filed Dec. 29, 2011
STATEMENTS REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTNot Applicable.
NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENTNot Applicable.
BACKGROUNDOilfield operations may be performed in order to extract fluids from the earth. When a well site is completed, pressure control equipment may be placed near the surface of the earth. The pressure control equipment may control the pressure in the wellbore while drilling, completing and producing the wellbore. The pressure control equipment may include blowout preventers (BOP), rotating control devices, and the like.
The rotating control device or RCD is a drill-through device with a rotating seal that contacts and seals against the drill string (drill pipe with tool joints, casing, drill collars, Kelly, etc.) for the purposes of controlling the pressure or fluid flow to the surface. For reference to an existing description of a rotating control device, please see US patent publication number 2009/0139724 entitled “Latch Position Indicator System and Method”, US patent publication number 2011/0024195 entitled “Drilling with a High Pressure RCD”, US patent publication number 2011/0315404 entitled “Lubricating Seal for use with a Tubular”, U.S. Pat. No. 8,100,189, U.S. Pat. No. 8,066,062, U.S. Pat. No. 7,240,727, U.S. Pat. No. 7,237,618, U.S. Pat. No. 7,174,956, U.S. Pat. No. 5,647,444, U.S. Pat. No. 5,662,181, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,964 the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The seals in the RCD are typically constructed of elastomer material and have a tendency to wear with usage. The higher the differential pressures across the annular seal, the more rapid the wear rate. Further, the seals tend to invert during pull out from the RCD, a drilling operation referred to as “stripping out”. The seal may invert by bending inward and folding into itself. When the seal inverts it may fail to seal the wellbore annulus and need to be replaced. In high pressure, and/or high temperature wells the need is greater for a more robust and efficient seal to extend its useful life. In some applications or functions of a seal, a need exists to increase lubricity and consequently reduce frictional heat which accelerates elastomer wear. In others, a need exists to enhance the seal's stretch tightness on the drill string, thus assuring the transfer of torque required to rotate the inner race of the RCD's bearing assembly in harmony with components of the drill string being sealed against.
A need exists for an improved annular seal having increased endurance, toughness, and/or permanence in an RCD.
SUMMARYAn annular seal having a sealing member and method for use is provided for sealing an item of oilfield equipment. The annular seal has an inner diameter for receiving the item of oilfield equipment and a frame. The seal member is contiguous with the frame. The annular seal is configured for durability, in that it resists wear, inversion, increases lubricity, enables tightness, and/or otherwise generally increases endurance, toughness, and/or permanence.
As used herein the terms “radial” and “radially” include directions inward toward (or outward away from) the center axial direction of the drill string or item of oilfield equipment but not limited to directions perpendicular to such axial direction or running directly through the center. Rather such directions, although including perpendicular and toward (or away from) the center, also include those transverse and/or off center yet moving inward (or outward), across or against the surface of an outer sleeve of item of oilfield equipment to be engaged.
As used herein the term “additive” refers generally to enhancers to material properties such as reducing the coefficient of friction, wear resistance, crack and propagation resistance, induce self-healing, etc. and may include, but is not limited to, additives, beads, pockets, formulations added homogeneously to a material, and/or self-healing polymers and composites (capsule-based, vascular, or intrinsic). Aramid fiber/pulp, molybdenum, and wear-resistant beads are examples of “additives”.
The description that follows includes exemplary apparatus, methods, techniques, and instruction sequences that embody techniques of the inventive subject matter. However, it is understood that the described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
The seal 102 is configured for durability and may be configured to improve one or more aspects over the traditional seals used in an RCD. The seal 102 may have a particular shape, or material combination that ensures improved performance of the seal 102, as will be discussed in more detail below. The seal 102 may rotate with the oilfield equipment 104 or remain stationary while the oilfield operations are performed. The seal 102 may be configured to increase lubricity, wear resistance, chemical compatibility, and temperature tolerance in a sealing area of the RCD. The seal 102 may further be configured to increase the friction of the sealing area. The seal 102 may be suitable for an element whose primary role is to transfer torque to rotate the oilfield equipment 104, for example an inner race of the RCD. The seal 102 may have hydraulic or pneumatic power transmission with the PLC to assure oilfield equipment 104, the inner race, rotates in sync with the top drive or drill string. The seal 102 may be resistant to inverting when stripping out under high differential pressure.
The wellsite 100 may have a controller 120 for controlling the equipment about the wellsite 100. The controller 120, and/or additional controllers (not shown), may control and/or obtain information from any suitable system about the wellsite 100 including, but not limited to, the pressure control devices 112, the RCD 114, one or more sensor(s) 119, a gripping apparatus 122, a rotational apparatus 124, and the like. The gripping apparatus 122 may be a pair of slips configured to grip a tubular 125 (such as a drill string, a production string, a casing and the like) at a rig floor 126; however, the gripping apparatus 122 may be any suitable gripping device. As shown, the rotational apparatus 124 is a top drive for supporting and rotating the tubular 125, although it may be any suitable rotational device including, but not limited to, a Kelly, a pipe spinner, and the like. The controller 120 may control any suitable equipment about the wellsite 100 including, but not limited to, a draw works, a traveling block, pumps, mud control devices, cementing tools, drilling tools, and the like.
In the static position, the springs 200 may be in a vertical position, or simply the natural position of the spring 200. The sealing material 202 may then be molded around the springs 200. Initially the inner diameter 208 of the sealing material 202 may be larger than the outer diameter of the oilfield equipment 104, such as or the tool joint. The seal 102a may then be placed in rotational tension prior to the curing of the sealing material 202. The rotational tension may be created by rotating at least one of the top ring 204 and/or the bottom ring 206 relative to one another. The seal 102a is left in the rotation until the sealing material 202 cures. The rotational force may then be released.
The seal member 302a as shown has a substantially frusto-conical outer surface 310 and inner surface 312. The frusto-conical inner surface 312 may assist in guiding the oilfield equipment 104 (as shown in
The additives 306 may be pelletized aramid pulp in an embodiment. The additives 306 may be bonded to the seal member 302a using any suitable method including, but not limited to, phenolic technology, and the like. The additives may be crystalline shaped balls, or BBs, in an embodiment, although the additives 306 may have any suitable shape. In one example, but not limited to, the additives 306 may comprise two percent or less of the volume of material in the nose 307 of the seal member 302a in an embodiment. Further, the additives 306 may comprise any suitable amount of volume of the nose 307 of the seal member 302a. The additives 306 may add elasticity allowing the seal member 302a to elongate or stretch longer than it would without the additives 306. This may assist the seal member 302a in sealing the oilfield equipment 104 more flexibly thereby reducing wear of the seal member 302a during operations. The additives 306 may reduce the stress and strain in the seal member 302a during the life of the seal member 302a. The additives 306 may be any suitable material for reducing the strain in the seal member 302a. In an embodiment, the additives 306 are constructed of any of the materials found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,964 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
For reference to an existing description of an additives 306 or 400 in the specific embodiments of a self-healing polymer and/or composite (capsule-based, vascular, or intrinsic), please see US patent publication number 2011/0003137 entitled “Composite Laminate with Self-Healing Layer”, US patent publication number 2010/0075134 entitled “Interfacial Functionalization for Self-Healing Composites”, US patent publication number 2008/0299391 entitled “Capsules, Methods for Making Capsules, and Self-Healing Composites Including the Same”, EP patent publication number EP2285563 entitled “Composite Laminate with Self-Healing Layer”, and U.S. Pat. No. 8,188,293 the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The inner support frame 500 may extend from the frame 300b to the seal surface 304b in an embodiment. In this embodiment, the inner support frame 500 may be configured to prevent the inversion of the seal member 302b. In another embodiment, the inner support frame 500 may extend from a location proximate the frame 300b to a location past the seal surface 304b. In this embodiment, the inner support frame 500 may be configured to prevent inversion and reduce wear of the seal member 302b during oilfield operations. The inner support frame 500 may be constructed of any suitable material including, but not limited to, an aramid rope, a rope, a loosely woven aramid rope that will allow for stretching of the rope as the sealing member 302b is stretched, a metallic material, a ceramic, a polymer, and elastic material, and the like. The inner support frame 500 may consist of vertical strands or members, spiral strands, any combination thereof, and the like.
The inserts 600 may be continuous around the seal surface 304c, or be discontinuous. The one or more inserts 600 may be molded into the seal member 302c. Once molded into the seal member 302c, the one or more inserts 600 may be reamed, or cut, to match the inner diameter of the seal surface 304c. The one or more inserts may be constructed of any suitable material including, but not limited to, a poly-aramid rope, sintered non-spark metallic (such as Al-bronze, Cu-beryllium, and the like), ceramic, metal, zirconium formulations, acetal resins, and the like. If the one or more inserts 600 are metallic, or hard, the one or more inserts 600 may be segmented in order to allow the seal surface 304c to conform to varying shaped oilfield equipment 104 during sealing operations. The one or more inserts 600 may be spaced apart a distance to allow the seal member 302c surrounding the seal surface 304c to allow for sufficient elongation of elastic material of the seal member 302c between the one or more inserts 600.
Any of the seals 102 described above, and/or below, may have a chemical application, or chemical treatment, on the seal member 302. The chemical treatment may be configured to enhance the life of the seal member 302 during oilfield operations. In an embodiment, the chemical treatment may be an application of SULFRON, a modified TWARON aramid, on the seal member 302. The SULFRON may improve the properties of sulfur- and peroxide-cured rubber compounds. The chemical treatment may reduce hysteresis, heat build-up and abrasion. The chemical treatment may improve flexibility, tear and fatigue properties.
In another embodiment, the chemical treatment is a PROAID LCF additive applied to the seal member 302. The PROAID LCF is a lubricating additive in amounts approximately 5 hundreds of the base material quantity. The PROAID LCF may bloom, activate or via rupture come to the surface of the seal member 302 when abrasions in the seal member 302 occur. This chemical treatment may be suitable for the bottom element, or seal 102, of a dual element RCD 114.
A head 1104 of the one or more wear-resistant nails 1100 may have a larger diameter than a shaft 1106 of the wear-resistant nails 1100. For example, the head 1104 may have a one inch (2.54 centimeter) diameter, or any other suitable diameter including, greater than one inch (2.54 centimeter) or less. The seal member 302h may have a nail cavity 1108 proximate the head 1104 of the wear nail. The nail cavity 1108 may allow the one or more wear-resistant nails 1100 to travel radially relative to the oilfield equipment 104 during oilfield operations. The head 1104 may be exposed to wellbore pressure during oilfield operations. The wellbore pressure may supply a driving force on the head 1104 that pushes the one or more wear nails radially toward the oilfield equipment 104. Therefore, the wellbore pressure may act to force, or bias, the one or more wear nails into engagement with the oilfield equipment. The head 1104 may be angled slightly relative to the longitudinal axis of the wear-resistant nail 1100. The angle may be configured to allow the head 1104 to match the outer angle of the seal member 102j. The head 1104 may also have one or more notches formed in the outer diameter of the head 1104. The one or more notches may allow fluids in the nail cavity to pass therethrough as the head moves radially in the nail cavity 1108.
The O-rings 1300 may be constructed of an elastomer having four hundred to four hundred-fifty percent elongations. The O-rings may be constructed of any suitable material including, but not limited to, an elastomer, a rubber, coil spring and the like. The one or more O-rings 1300 may be stretched and placed in each of the annular cavities 1302 after the seal member 302j has been molded. Installed or pre-loaded, the O-rings 1300 may have about a twenty to thirty percent elongation that biases the seal member 302j radially toward the oilfield equipment 104 (as shown in
The seal 102l may only be used in dual element RCDs 114 (as shown in
The upper seal portion 1404 may extend into the seal 102m parallel to the longitudinal axis of the seal 102m. The upper seal portion 1404 together with lower seal portion 1406 may be a tube, or have one or more leaves 1412, or strips, as shown. The leaves 1412 may be about 1.27 centimeters (0.5 inch) wide in an embodiment, although it should be appreciated that the leaves may be any suitable width, including, but not limited to, extending around the entire inner circumference of the seal 102m. The leaves 1412 may act in a manner or function similar to or as a leaf spring. Optionally the lower seal portion 1406 may extend along the inner wall of frusto-conical inner surface 312 of the seal 102m. The lower seal portion 1406 may have a minimum inner diameter Dm that is greater than the largest tool joint to be run into the wellbore 106 (as shown in
The embodiment in
The tension bars 1600 may extend from the nose of the seal member 302m to the frame 300m. As shown, the tension bars 1600 are coupled to the frame 300m with one or more fasteners 1606. The one or more tension bars 1600 may be constructed of any suitable material including, but not limited to, a metal, a ceramic, any materials described herein, and the like. The one or more tension bars 1600 may flex during oilfield operations in order to accommodate the elongation of the seal member 302m. The one or more tension bars 1600 may be tied, or wire tied, together to prevent the tension bars 1600 from falling into the wellbore 106 (as shown in
The tension bars 1600 may extend from the nose of the seal member 302r to the frame 300r. As shown, the tension bars 1600 are coupled to the frame 300r with one or more fasteners 1606. The one or more tension bars 1600 may be constructed of any suitable material including, but not limited to, a metal, a ceramic, any materials described herein, and the like. The one or more tension bars 1600 may flex during oilfield operations in order to accommodate the elongation of the seal member 302r. The one or more tension bars 1600 may be tied, or wire tied, together to prevent the tension bars 1600 from falling into the wellbore 106 (as shown in
The support structure 1400 in
The upper seal portion 1404 may extend into the seal 102v parallel to the longitudinal axis of the seal 102v. The upper seal portion 1404 together with lower seal portion 1406 may be a tube, or have one or more leaves 1412, or strips, as shown. The leaves 1412 may be about 1.27 centimeters (0.5 inch) wide in an embodiment, although it should be appreciated that the leaves 1412 may be any suitable width, including, but not limited to, extending around the entire inner circumference of the seal 102v. The leaves 1412 may act in a similar manner as a leaf spring. Optionally the lower seal portion 1406 may extend along the inner wall of frusto-conical inner surface 312 of the seal 102v. The lower seal portion 1406 may have a minimum inner diameter Dm (or as represented in the embodiment of
The seal member 302n may be in tension when engaged with the oilfield equipment 104 (as shown in
The seal member 302n, or any other seal members 302 described herein, may have one or more abrasion resistant bars molded into the seal member 302n. The abrasion resistant bars may be made of any suitable material including, but not limited to, nylon, and the like. The abrasion resistant bars may assist in forming the bulges on each of the seal segments 1700.
The seal inserts 1800 may be configured to engage the oilfield equipment 104 (as shown in
The material of the seal inserts 1800 may be configured to meet the needs of the particular oilfield operations being conducted. For example, the seal inserts 1800 may have material properties optimized for sealing the oilfield equipment 104. Because only the seal inserts 1800 engage the oilfield equipment 104, the material of the seal inserts 1800 may be a more costly and efficient material, while using any suitable material on the seal member 302o and other equipment. Because the wall thickness of the shell in the nose area of the seal member 302o holding the seal insert 1800 is less, additives that would otherwise make the seal member 302o too hard to stab may be allowed throughout the seal member 302o. The additives may include, but are not limited to, HIPERSTRIP and the like, and may be constructed of any of the materials found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,964 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In another embodiment, in a dual element RCD 114, the material of seal inserts 1800 may vary between each element depending on the operations being performed. For example, a wear resistant material may be used for seal inserts 1800 in the top element and a lubricating material may be used in the seal inserts 1800 in the bottom element to reduce heat generation from taking the brunt of differential pressure.
The seal inserts 1800 may vary in size depending on the size of the oilfield equipment 104. Therefore the seal inserts 1800 may be replaced when a larger or smaller sized drill pipe is being run through the RCD 114. In an embodiment, the seal inserts 1800 may be replaced without having to remove the whole seal member 302o from the inner race of the bearing assembly. Further, the same size seal member 302o may be used for a number of different sized pieces of oilfield equipment 104 (for example pipe sizes). Therefore, the same seal member 302o may be used for a number of different pipe sizes for a particular RCD model.
The plurality of seal surfaces 1900 may be fixed to the cartridge 1902. The upper most seal surface 1900 may be a shaped seal member 1903. The shaped seal member 1903 may be located above the lower seal surfaces 1900. The lower seal surfaces 1900 may comprise one or more packers 1904. The shaped seal member 1903 may be similar to any of the seal members 302 described herein. However, the shaped seal member 1903 may have a shaped nose 1906 configured to match the shape of the packers 1904 thereby creating an annular space 1908 between the shaped seal member 1903 and the uppermost packer 1904. The shaped seal member 1903 may be suitable for transmitting torque to the oilfield equipment 104 (as shown in
The differential pressure between the packers 1904 and/or the shaped seal member 1903 may be controlled using any suitable method. For example, after the oilfield equipment 104 is stabbed into the seal 102r, the annular space 1908 may be grease packed with a grease gun. The pressure in the wellbore 106, and/or the differential pressure sharing in the drill string may control the differential pressure between the annular spaces 1908. Further, the rotation of the seal 102r and/or the differential pressure sharing with the drill string may control the pressure in the annular spaces 1908. A fitting 1920 may be located at the end of each of the annular spaces 1908 in order to fill the annular spaces 1908 with grease and/or another fluid.
The seal adaptor 2000 may be configured to rotate with the seal member 302q relative to the RCD 114a in an embodiment. In an alternative embodiment, the seal adaptor 2000 may be rotationally fixed, and the seal members 302q may be configured to rotate in a support profile 2004 of the seal adaptor 2000. A seal adaptor cavity 2006 between the upper-lower and lower seal members 302q may be packed with grease, or other suitable fluid. The grease may be temperature sensitive relative to the flow with the RCD 114a. The grease may be injected into the seal adaptor cavity 2006 via one or more ports 2008 in the seal adaptor 2000. In an embodiment, the centrifugal force may be used to force the grease toward the oilfield tool 104 during oilfield operations.
The seal members 302 may be the same or different seal members 302q depending on the oilfield operations being performed. In an embodiment, the seal members 302q are standard seal members. Further, the seal members 302q may be any combination of the seal members 300 described herein. Further the seal adapter 2000 to which both seal members are affixed may be constructed at least partially from horizontally corrugated material (not shown) in order to accommodate miss-alignment or bent oilfield equipment 104 and relieving some side loading from the bearing. The seal adaptor(s) 2000 (housings or cartridges) and/or frames 300q for the seal members 302q may, for example, be made of reinforced rubber.
The inner barrel 2302 may couple to the seal 102s as shown in
As shown, A hydraulic power unit (HPU) 2404 may supply hydraulic fluid to the one or more power transmission vanes 2400 to rotate the power transmission vanes 2400 and thereby the seals 102. The flow rate and pressure of the HPU 2404 may be influenced directly by the rotational speed of the top drive. This configuration may assist the seal members 302 ability to rotate in the inner barrel as opposed to attempting to synchronize/match the inner barrel speed with the speed of the top drive. In an embodiment, the one or more power transmission vanes 2400 couple to the adaptor, or other race, located between an upper and lower seal 102 of a dual element RCD.
The components of the seals 102 described herein may be interchanged for all of the seal members 302 and frames 300 depending on the type of oilfield operations being performed.
While the embodiments are described with reference to various implementations and exploitations, it will be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and that the scope of the inventive subject matter is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions and improvements are possible. For example, the techniques used herein may be applied to any downhole BOPS, ram shears, packers, and the like.
Plural instances may be provided for components, operations or structures described herein as a single instance. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate components in the exemplary configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of the inventive subject matter.
Claims
1. An annular seal for sealing an item of oilfield equipment, the annular seal having an inner diameter for receiving the item of oilfield equipment, comprising:
- a frame;
- a seal member contiguous with the frame; and
- wherein the annular seal is configured for durability.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface;
- wherein the seal member includes a seal area surrounding the seal surface; and
- wherein the seal area includes at least one additive.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said additive is made of a volume of wear resistant material selected from the group of wear resistant materials consisting of ceramic, nylon, beryllium slivers, molybdenum, aramid fiber and hydraulic fracturing proppants.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said additive has a shape selected from the group of shapes consisting of spherical, irregular shaped, globular, fiber-like, crystalline shaped and rough surfaced BB.
5. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said additive has a shape selected from the group of shapes consisting of spherical, irregular shaped, globular, fiber-like, crystalline shaped and rough surfaced BB.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member includes at least one additive integral with the seal member.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, a seal surface, and a nose proximate the substantially frusto-conical outer surface and the seal surface; and
- wherein said additive is integral only to the nose.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said additive comprises no greater than two percent of the volume of the nose.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said additive comprises a pelletized aramid pulp material.
10. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said additive is phenolic bonded to the seal member.
11. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said additive has a shape selected from the group of shapes consisting of spherical, irregular shaped, globular, fiber-like, crystalline shaped and rough surfaced BB.
12. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said additive includes a means for adding elasticity to the seal member.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- a support structure mounted on the inner diameter of the seal member.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein said support structure comprises:
- a top, an upper seal portion, and a lower seal portion; and
- wherein the top is configured for holding said support structure on the frame.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14 wherein said support structure further comprises a mounting ring integral with the top.
16. The apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising a mounting ring coupled between said support structure and the frame.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the mounting ring has a plurality of profiles; and wherein the frame has a plurality of matching profiles configured to allow relative rotation between said support structure and the frame.
18. The apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the upper seal portion of said support structure extends into the seal member parallel to a longitudinal axis of the seal member.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the upper seal portion together with the lower seal portion comprises a tube.
20. The apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the upper seal portion together with the lower seal portion comprises a plurality of leaf spring leaves.
21. The apparatus according to claim 20 wherein said plurality of leaf spring leaves are about 1.27 centimeters wide.
22. The apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the upper seal portion comprises a tube, and the lower seal portion comprises a plurality of leaf spring leaves.
23. The apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface;
- wherein the upper seal portion of said support structure extends into the seal member parallel to a longitudinal axis of the seal member; and
- wherein the lower seal portion of said support structure extends along the substantially frusto-conical inner surface.
24. The apparatus according to claim 23 wherein the upper seal portion together with the lower seal portion comprises a plurality of leaf spring leaves.
25. The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the lower seal portion terminates intermediate a length of the substantially frusto-conical inner surface and defining an intermediate inner diameter greater than the inner diameter of the annular seal.
26. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, a seal surface, and a nose proximate the substantially frusto-conical outer surface and the seal surface;
- at least one tension bar mounted to the seal member; and
- wherein said at least one tension bar extends from the nose of the seal member to proximate the frame.
27. The apparatus according to claim 26, further comprising:
- a tension ring coupled to a lower end of said at least one tension bar proximate the nose.
28. The apparatus according to claim 27 wherein said at least one tension bar comprises as least six tension bars.
29. The apparatus according to claim 28 wherein said tension bar is made of a material selected from the group of materials consisting of metal and ceramic.
30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said tension ring is made of an elastic material.
31. The apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:
- a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, a seal surface, and a nose proximate the substantially frusto-conical outer surface and the seal surface;
- a plurality of tension bars mounted to the seal member; and
- wherein said tension bars extends from the nose of the seal member to proximate the frame.
32. The apparatus according to claim 31, further comprising:
- a tension ring coupled to a lower end of said tension bars proximate the nose.
33. The apparatus according to claim 32 wherein said support structure comprises:
- a top, an upper seal portion, and a lower seal portion; and
- wherein the top is configured for holding said support structure on the frame;
- wherein the upper seal portion of said support structure extends into the seal member parallel to a longitudinal axis of the seal member; and
- wherein the lower seal portion of said support structure extends along the substantially frusto-conical inner surface.
34. The apparatus according to claim 33 wherein the upper seal portion together with the lower seal portion comprises a plurality of leaf spring leaves.
35. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- a cartridge mounted to the frame;
- a plurality of seal surfaces contained within the cartridge;
- wherein the plurality of seal surfaces comprise at least one packer; and
- wherein the plurality of seal surfaces define at least one annular space.
36. The apparatus according to claim 35 wherein the plurality of seal surfaces define a shaped seal member; and
- wherein the shaped seal member includes a shaped nose configured to match a shape of the packer.
37. The apparatus according to claim 36, further comprising at least one fitting mounted outside the packer to an end of each of the at least one space.
38. The apparatus according to claim 37, further comprising a volume of a packing material inserted into each of the at least one space via the fitting.
39. The apparatus according to claim 37 further comprising a check valve mounted proximate the frame in a channel defined between the frame and the cartridge.
40. The apparatus according to claim 39 further comprising a filter mounted proximate the check valve and the channel.
41. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- a spring coupled at an upper end to the frame;
- a lower frame coupled to a lower end of the spring; and
- wherein the spring, the frame and the lower frame are cured into the sealing member
42. The apparatus according to claim 41 wherein the spring is configured for rotational tension prior to curing into the sealing member.
43. The apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the spring comprises a plurality of springs.
44. The apparatus according to claim 43 wherein the plurality of springs are leaf springs.
45. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the seal member further comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface; and
- an inner skeleton extending from the frame to the seal surface across the substantially frusto-conical inner surface.
46. The apparatus according to claim 45 wherein the inner skeleton includes a material selected from the group of materials consisting of an aramid rope, a rope, a metallic material, a ceramic, a polymer, and an elastic material.
47. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface;
- wherein the seal member includes a seal area surrounding the seal surface; and
- wherein the seal area includes at least one insert adjacent the seal surface projecting into the inner diameter.
48. The apparatus according to claim 47 wherein the at least one insert comprises a plurality of spiral shaped inserts.
49. The apparatus according to claim 47 wherein the at least one insert comprises a plurality of vertically arranged inserts.
50. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member is treated with a volume of a chemical treatment selected from the group of chemical treatments consisting of SULFRON, TWARON aramid, and PROAID LCF.
51. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface;
- wherein the frame and the seal member define at least one lubrication cavity entering above the frame and exiting through a port defined in the seal surface; and
- wherein the lubrication cavity is filled with a volume of a lubricant.
52. The apparatus according to claim 51, further comprising a grease fitting mounted over the lubrication cavity at the frame.
53. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- an annular reservoir surrounding an outer surface of the seal member; and
- wherein the seal member has a port running from said annular reservoir through the seal member to the inner diameter through a seal surface of the seal member.
54. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frame defines a lubricant reservoir; and
- wherein the seal member has a port running from the lubricant reservoir through the seal member to the inner diameter through a seal surface of the seal member.
55. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface; and
- further comprising at least one wear-resistant button secured within the seal member proximate the seal surface.
56. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface; and
- further comprising at least one wear-resistant nail penetrating radially through the seal member and protruding into the inner diameter proximate the seal surface.
57. The apparatus according to claim 56 wherein said wear-resistant nail includes a nail head; and wherein the seal member has a nail cavity proximate the nail head and proximate the outer periphery of the substantially frusto-conical outer surface of the seal member.
58. The apparatus according to claim 57 further comprising a tension ring mounted around the seal member and configured to engage the nail head and bias said wear-resistant nail toward the item of oilfield equipment.
59. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface;
- wherein the seal member has an annular cavity around the outer periphery of the substantially frusto-conical outer surface of the seal member; and
- further comprising at least one O-ring inserted into the annular cavity.
60. The apparatus according to claim 59 wherein the O-ring is made of an elastomeric material.
61. The apparatus according to claim 60 wherein the seal member has two annular cavities, and the at least one O-ring comprises two O-rings, one each, inserted into the respective two annular cavities.
62. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface;
- wherein the seal member defines at least one support cavity entering through the substantially frusto-conical inner surface; and
- wherein the support cavity is filled with a volume of a semi-solid curing substance.
63. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, a seal surface and an outer surface comprising a plurality of seal segments; and
- wherein the plurality of seal segments bulge outward to form a unitary bulging outer surface.
64. The apparatus according to claim 63 wherein said unitary bulging outer surface is a pumpkin-like surface initiating radially approximately intermediate the seal surface.
65. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the seal member comprises a substantially frusto-conical outer surface, a substantially frusto-conical inner surface, and a seal surface;
- wherein the seal member has a seal profile formed around the seal surface; and
- further comprising at least one sealing insert fixed into the seal profile.
66. The apparatus according to claim 65 wherein the seal profile protrudes into the inner diameter.
67. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- a seal adaptor mounted on top of the frame wherein the seal adaptor defines an adaptor cavity;
- a second frame housed within the adapter cavity; and
- a second seal member contiguous with the second frame and housed within the adaptor cavity.
68. The apparatus according to claim 67 further comprising a relief valve mounted proximate the second frame in a channel defined through the second frame; and
- a filter mounted proximate the relief valve and the channel.
69. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- a seal housing connected to the frame;
- wherein the seal member is housed in the seal housing;
- a biasing system mounted in the seal housing;
- wherein the biasing system is configured to bias the seal member radially toward the item of oilfield equipment.
70. The apparatus according to claim 69 wherein the biasing system comprises as O-ring surrounding the seal member.
71. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- an inner barrel coupled to the annular seal;
- a motor juxtaposed with the inner barrel;
- a gear coupled to the inner barrel and to the motor;
- wherein the motor is configured to rotate the inner barrel; and
- wherein the inner barrel is configured to rotate the annular seal.
72. The apparatus according to claim 71 wherein the motor comprises a variable speed motor.
73. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
- an inner barrel coupled to the annular seal;
- a power transmission vane coupled to the inner barrel;
- wherein the power transmission vane is configured to rotate the inner barrel; and
- wherein the inner barrel is configured to rotate the annular seal.
74. The apparatus according to claim 73, further comprising:
- a hydraulic power unit connected to the power transmission vane; and
- wherein the hydraulic power unit is configured to supply a volume of hydraulic fluid to rotate the power transmission vane.
75. A method for sealing an item of oilfield equipment including providing an annular seal having an inner diameter for receiving the item of oilfield equipment, comprising the steps of:
- providing a frame;
- providing a seal member contiguous with the frame; and
- providing the annular seal with durability to increase the longevity of the annular seal.
76. The method according to claim 75, wherein said step of providing the annular seal with durability comprises providing support to the inner diameter of the seal member.
77. The method according to claim 75, wherein said step of providing the annular seal with durability comprises providing at least one additive to a specifically targeted region of the seal member.
78. The method according to claim 75, wherein said step of providing the annular seal with durability comprises adding resistance to the seal member.
79. The method according to claim 75, wherein said step of providing the seal member comprises providing a plurality of seal surfaces defining a plurality of annular spaces within the seal member; and
- wherein said step of providing the annular seal with durability comprises controlling a differential pressure via the plurality of seal surfaces and the plurality of annular spaces.
80. The method according to claim 75, further comprising the steps of:
- driving the item of oilfield equipment with a top drive;
- directly rotating the annular seal independently from the step of driving the item of oilfield equipment and at a rotational speed matching the top drive.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 28, 2012
Publication Date: Jan 30, 2014
Applicant: Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. (Houston, TX)
Inventors: Don M. Hannegan (Fort Smith, AR), James W. Chambers (Hackett, AR), Melvin Jacobs (Fort Smith, AR)
Application Number: 13/730,489
International Classification: E21B 33/068 (20060101);