METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING FIN-INTEGRATED TUBE FOR USE IN HEAT EXCHANGER
The method of manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger includes step of disposing a rolling roller group including rolling rollers so as to surround the periphery of a tube, each of the roller crests of the rolling rollers being rounded at an end thereof into an R-shape, widths of the R-shaped ends being gradually increased from one axial end to the other axial end for each of the rolling rollers, and step of causing the roller crests to press the periphery of the tube from the one axial end to the other axial end by axially moving and rotating the rolling roller group relative to the tube so as to deform a part of the periphery of the tube into a spirally projecting portion while shaping it into a spiral fin by gradually squeezing the part of the periphery of the tube using the R-shaped end portions.
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This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-18326 filed on Feb. 1, 2013, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a high temperature-resistant fin-integrated tube for use in a heat-exchanger mountable on a vehicle.
2. Description of Related Art
There are known various heat exchangers which can be used in a cooling system, a driving system and an air-conditioning system of a vehicle.
It is known to form a plurality of fins integrally with a tube serving as a radiator to provide a compact and highly-efficient heat exchanger. For example, refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2001-332666. This patent document describes carving the outer or inner wall of a tube to form a plurality of fins which are integrally connected to the tube at their thick proximal end portions. The plurality of the fins are formed using a carving knife such that they become thinner from their proximal end portions to their distal end portions to increase their surface area to thereby increase the heat dissipation effect.
As a heat exchanger mountable on a vehicle, the exhaust heat recovery device is receiving attention. The exhaust heat recovery device recovers exhaust heat emitted from an engine. The exhaust heat recovery device includes a fin-integrated tube which contains pure water and is mounted in the exhaust passage of the engine for recovering the exhaust heat. Since this fin-integrated tube is exposed to exhaust gas, it is made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel and their fins are joined to the tube using a nickel-based brazing material, for example.
However, it turned out that the fins of such a fin-integrated tube may be deformed due to a linear expansion difference in the dissimilar metal joint by the brazing material in a case of a high-efficiency engine that emits high-temperature exhaust gas (900° C., for example). Further, if the number of the fins is increased to increase the heat exchange efficiency, manufacturing time and cost increase greatly because the fins have to be joined one by one to the tube.
The inventors of the present invention studied a possibility of adoption of a fin-integrated tube which does not include any brazing material, and can be manufactured by the method described in the above patent document. However, the method of carving the tube surface to form fins as described in the above patent document, which is suitable for the case where the tube is made of metal easy to carve such as aluminum, is difficult to use in the case where the tube is made of stainless steel. Further, the wall thickness and the rigidity of the tube have to be sufficiently large, while on the other hand, the shapes of the fins formed by carving the outer or inner surface of the tube along its axis and the wall thickness after the carving of the tube are likely to be non-uniform. Hence, it is difficult to reduce individual difference in the radiation performance. As explained above, it has been difficult so far to achieve both reducing the manufacturing cost and increasing the heat exchange efficiency.
SUMMARYAn exemplary embodiment provides a method of manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger, the fin-integrated tube including a cylindrical tube and a spiral fin integrally formed in a periphery of the tube, including the steps of:
disposing a rolling roller group including a plurality of rolling rollers each having a plurality of roller crests on a periphery thereof so as to surround the periphery of the tube with a predetermined lead angle, each of the roller crests being rounded at an end thereof into an R-shape to be an R-shaped end, widths of the R-shaped ends of the roller crests being gradually increased from one axial end to the other axial end for each of the rolling rollers, so that each of the rolling rollers serves as a gradual roller; and
causing the roller crests of the rolling rollers to press the periphery of the tube from the one axial end to the other axial end by axially moving and rotating the rolling roller group relative to the tube so as to deform a part of the periphery of the tube into a spirally projecting portion while shaping the spirally projecting portion into the spiral fin by gradually squeezing the part of the periphery of the tube using the R-shaped end portions of the roller crests of the rolling rollers.
The exemplary embodiment provides also a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger, the fin-integrated tube including a cylindrical tube and a spiral fin integrally formed in a periphery of the tube, including:
a tube holding part for holding a proximal end portion of the tube so as to be rotatable together with the tube; and
a rolling roller head disposed coaxially with the tube so as to be axially movable relative to the tube;
the rolling roller head having a rolling roller group including a plurality of rolling rollers each having a plurality of roller crests on a periphery thereof, said rolling roller group being configured to surround the periphery of the tube with a predetermined lead angle,
each of the roller crests being rounded at an end thereof into an R-shape to be an R-shaped end, widths of the R-shaped ends of the roller crests being gradually increased from one axial end to the other axial end for each of the rolling rollers, so that each of the rolling rollers serves as a gradual roller,
wherein
the rolling roller head is configured to be driven to axially move in a direction from a distal end to a proximal end of the tube and rotate relative to the tube so as to cause the roller crests of the rolling rollers to press the periphery of the tube in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end so as to deform a part of the periphery of the tube into a spirally projecting portion while shaping the spirally projecting portion into the spiral fin by gradually squeezing the part of the periphery of the tube using the R-shaped end portions of the roller crests of the rolling rollers.
According to the exemplary embodiment, there is provided a high-performance and low-cost heat exchanger for vehicle use, which includes fin-integrate tubes manufactured without use of brazing material.
Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description including the drawings and claims.
In the accompanying drawings:
The heating section 1 includes a plurality of the fin-integrated tubes 2 which are arranged in rows along the flow direction of the exhaust gas and in rows along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas within the duct D. Each of the fin-integrated tubes 2 includes the tube 21 extending in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas and the spiral fin 22 projecting radially outward from the periphery of the tube 21. The bottom end of the tube 21 is closed, and the top end of the tube 21 penetrates through a core plate 3 forming the bottom plate of the tank and opens to the lower space in the tank. The inside of the tank is partitioned into the upper space and the lower space by a tank inner 4. The tank inner 4 is formed with the steam passage 102 projecting upward. The lower space to which the fin-integrated tubes 2 open and the upper space in which the condensing section 101 is disposed are in communication through the steam passage 102.
The steam introduced from the steam passage 102 into the condensing section 101 exchanges heat with the engine cooling water by contacting with the LLC pipe, and becomes condensed water. The condensed water is refluxed back to the heating section 1 by opening or closing the valve 103 depending on the pressure inside the tank. A partition 105 having an oxygen introducing hole 104 is provided in the lateral direction of the steam passage 102 for removing oxygen generated by contact between high-temperature steam and metal, for example. A copper oxide containing case 106 containing granular copper oxide 107 is provided below the space partitioned by the partition 105. The generated hydrogen is guided from the hydrogen introducing hole 104 to the copper oxide containing case 106, and reduced to be removed.
As shown in
Hence, in this embodiment, the tube material 2′ undergoes a specific rolling process in order to form the continuous spiral fin 22 integral with the periphery of the tube 21. The tube material 2′ before the rolling process is approximately 10 mm in outer diameter, approximately 7 mm in inner diameter, and approximately 1.5 mm in wall thickness. The fin height (Fh) and the fin thickness (Ft) are determined so as to achieve a target heat exchange performance and a target exhaust flow performance (exhaust flow pressure loss). The wall thickness of a part of the peripheral portion of the tube material 2′, which is used as a fin forming portion, is set smaller than the thickness (t) of the tube 21 (or smaller than a half of the wall thickness of the tube material 2′), for example, approximately 0.7 mm, to provide a thin and high fin shape. For example, when the fin pitch is 1.5 mm, the fin forming portion is plastic-deformed in the radial direction such that the fin height is between 1.8 mm and 2.6 mm to achieve the target performances.
Generally, a common rolling process is for plastic-deforming a row material to the shape analogous to the shape of the outer surface of a rolling roller by pressing the rolling roller to the periphery of the row material. Accordingly, common rolling rollers are not suitable for shaping the thin-wall tube material 2′ to have a thin-wall fin by deforming the tube material 2′ to expand radially outward. Hence, a newly developed rolling roller head 4 specialized for use in fin forming is used in this embodiment. A manufacturing apparatus including the rolling roller head 4, and a method of manufacturing the fin-integrated tube using this manufacturing apparatus are explained in the following.
As shown in
As shown in
The movable sleeve 52 and the spring 56 constitute an extension absorbing mechanism for absorbing extension of the tube material 2′ being form-rolled. The movable sleeve 52 can move to a distance adaptable to extension of the tube material 2′. The spring 56 is disposed in the rear of the movable sleeve 52 (opposite the rolling roller head 4) and always biased forward (toward the tube forming direction) at an appropriate load. The biasing force applied to the movable sleeve 52 can be determined through pretest to such a value that generates a pressing force enabling the roller crests of the rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 to bite the periphery of the tube material 2′ at the beginning of a forming process and to retract to absorb extension of the tube material 2′. An adjustment screw 57 is mounted to the opening formed in the other end (the right side end in
As shown in
As shown in
It is not easy to form such a fin shape which is thin and has a large heat transfer area. Hence, this embodiment uses the three rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 as a gradual roller whose roller crests 44 change in shape stepwise along the axial direction. More specifically, as shown in
The tube material 2′ is not deformed easily because the rolling roller head 4 applies load in three directions. In addition, since the three rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 serve as a gradual roller, the processing load can be reduced. The roller crests 44 of the rolling roller group constituted of the three rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 are shaped such that the R-shaped end portions become gradually larger in the time order of abutment on the tube material 2′. Some of the adjacent R-shaped end portions may be the same in shape, if the arc diameters (R) of the R-shaped end portions of the roller crests 44 increase stepwise in the axial direction as a whole.
Preferably, the R-shaped end portions of the roller crests 44 of the rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 are different from one another in shape except those at their both ends.
As shown in
Next, the advantages of using the roller crests of the rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 are explained with reference to
Next, effects of the extension absorbing mechanism provided in the rolling head holder 5 are explained with reference to
In
Next, a third embodiment of the invention is described with reference to
The fin-integrated tube 2 of the invention underwent a heat endurance test in a state of being mounted to the exhaust heat recovery device shown in
It was found that the fin 22 of the fin-integrated tube 2 of the invention did not change in shape before and after the test. Further, the heat exchange performance and the pressure loss were found to be within a predetermined standard. On the other hand, in the case of the conventional fin-integrated tube, the fin deformation gradually increased with the increase of the cycles due to difference in linear expansion coefficient in the dissimilar metal joint thereof. After 2,000 cycles of the change of the gas temperature, the heat exchange performance dropped by 25%, and the pressure loss dropped by 50%. From this test, it was confirmed that the fin-integrated tube 2 of the present invention exhibits high durability under high temperature environment.
The manufacturing method of the present invention enables manufacturing fin-integrated tubes integrally provided with a spiral fin with a high degree of formability by using the three-roller type rolling roller head including gradual rollers. According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, since the tube material 2′ is plastic-deformed, the material is not wasted unlike in conventional machining or cutting work, and it is easy to adjust the heat transfer area (heat exchange performance) of the fin by adjusting the fin pitch depending on the lead angle of the rolling roller.
In the above embodiments, stainless steel is used as the material of the fin-integrated tube 2. However, a metal material having good heat conductivity such as aluminum or copper, or an alloy of them may be used depending on the usage environment. The material of the rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 can be determined depending on the material of the tube material 2′. For example, when the tube material 2′ is made of a hard material, the rolling rollers 41, 42 and 43 may be made of a stronger material such as an ultrahard alloy.
The fin-integrated tube manufactured by the manufacturing method or apparatus of the present invention can be used for various heat exchangers other than exhaust heat recover devices, such as those used in a cooling system, a driving system or an air-conditioning system of a vehicle.
The above explained preferred embodiments are exemplary of the invention of the present application which is described solely by the claims appended below. It should be understood that modifications of the preferred embodiments may be made as would occur to one of skill in the art.
Claims
1. A method of manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger, the fin-integrated tube including a cylindrical tube and a spiral fin integrally formed in a periphery of the tube, comprising the steps of:
- disposing a rolling roller group including a plurality of rolling rollers each having a plurality of roller crests on a periphery thereof so as to surround the periphery of the tube with a predetermined lead angle, each of the roller crests being rounded at an end thereof into an R-shape to be an R-shaped end, widths of the R-shaped ends of the roller crests being gradually increased from one axial end to the other axial end for each of the rolling rollers, so that each of the rolling rollers serves as a gradual roller; and
- causing the roller crests of the rolling rollers to press the periphery of the tube from the one axial end to the other axial end by axially moving and rotating the rolling roller group relative to the tube so as to deform a part of the periphery of the tube into a spirally projecting portion while shaping the spirally projecting portion into the spiral fin by gradually squeezing the part of the periphery of the tube using the R-shaped end portions of the roller crests of the rolling rollers.
2. The method of manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the fin-integrated tube is made of stainless steel.
3. A manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger, the fin-integrated tube including a cylindrical tube and a spiral fin integrally formed in a periphery of the tube, comprising:
- a tube holding part for holding a proximal end portion of the tube so as to be rotatable together with the tube; and
- a rolling roller head disposed coaxially with the tube so as to be axially movable relative to the tube;
- the rolling roller head having a rolling roller group including a plurality of rolling rollers each having a plurality of roller crests on a periphery thereof, said rolling roller group being configured to surround the periphery of the tube with a predetermined lead angle,
- each of the roller crests being rounded at an end thereof into an R-shape to be an R-shaped end, widths of the R-shaped ends of the roller crests being gradually increased from one axial end to the other axial end for each of the rolling rollers, so that each of the rolling rollers serves as a gradual roller,
- wherein
- the rolling roller head is configured to be driven to axially move in a direction from a distal end to a proximal end of the tube and rotate relative to the tube so as to cause the roller crests of the rolling rollers to press the periphery of the tube in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end so as to deform a part of the periphery of the tube into a spirally projecting portion while shaping the spirally projecting portion into the spiral fin by gradually squeezing the part of the periphery of the tube using the R-shaped end portions of the roller crests of the rolling rollers.
4. The manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein heights of the roller crests of each of the rolling rollers increase stepwise in a direction from one axial end to the other axial end thereof.
5. The manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger according to claim 3, further comprising:
- a rolling head holder holding the rolling roller head such that the rolling roller head is opposed to the tube holding part on a processing bench, the rolling head holder being formed with a slide hole which opens to an end thereof facing the tube holding part;
- a movable sleeve slidably held inside the slide hole and supporting a periphery of a proximal end portion of the rolling roller head; and
- a biasing means for biasing the movable sleeve in a direction in which the rolling roller head advances;
- the slide hole, the movable sleeve and the biasing means serving as an extension absorbing mechanism for absorbing extension of the tube being form-processed by the manufacturing apparatus.
6. The manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a fin-integrated tube for a heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the fin-integrated tube is made of stainless steel.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 6, 2013
Publication Date: Aug 7, 2014
Applicant: DENSO CORPORATION (Kariya-city)
Inventors: Yoshinobu FURUKAWA (Okazaki-shi), Takeshi ITOH (Anjo-shi)
Application Number: 14/099,303
International Classification: B21D 53/06 (20060101);