RETROFIT OF A RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR WITH A CONCENTRIC VALVE AND A VALVE CLAMP HAVING AN INLET PORT IN A TOP COVER OF THE CLAMP
An assembly to retro-fit a valve head of a compressor that may include a valve head including an exhaust orifice, a concentric two-way valve carried by the valve head, and a valve clamp having an intake port in a top of the valve clamp; the valve clamp being removably coupled to the valve head. The valve clamp may include an annular first wall that defines an intake chamber in fluid connection with the intake port and an annular second wall outside the first wall. The space between the first and second walls may define an exhaust chamber in fluid connection with the exhaust orifice of the valve head. The valve clamp may also include a plunger housing to engage and displace a spring-loaded plunger. The plunger housing may be supported on the valve clamp with a plurality of support arms.
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONIndustrial compressors include three basic types: reciprocating, rotary screw, and rotary centrifugal. A reciprocating compressor is a positive displacement machine wherein a piston travels inside a cylinder wherein the piston intakes compressible fluid into the cylinder on a down stroke and exhausts compressible fluid by compressing the compressible fluid on the upstroke. The intake compressible fluid travels through a valve that prevents intake compressible fluid to escape through the inlet on the up stroke. The exhausted compressible fluid travels through a valve that prevents the exhausted compressible fluid from coming back into the cylinder on the down stroke. Thus, multiple reciprocations of the piston causes a volume of compressible fluid to be exhausted into a fixed volume holding tank thereby increasing the pressure inside the holding tank on every reciprocation. The piston continues its reciprocation until a desired pressure is reached in the holding tank. As the compressible fluid inside the holding tank is exhausted out of the holding tank, the piston is then reciprocated as needed to maintain a desired operating pressure.
Essential components for any reciprocating compressor are the valve that allows compressible fluid to flow into the cylinder on the down stroke and the valve that allows compressible fluid to exhaust out of the cylinder during the upstroke. The valves experience millions of cycles during their operating life and when a valve fails or begins to cease to operate effectively, the efficiency and effectiveness of the compressor significantly deteriorates.
Many of these multiple valve compressors have been in operation and either in part or fully the valves have reached the end of their functional life. Partially functioning valves are difficult to recognize, and can significantly affect the overall compressor performance as well as contribute to subsequent subsystem damage. In addition, many of these cases the individual valves have, over the years, become very difficult to remove individually as the connections become fused, or the fasteners corrode to a point that it is extremely difficult to remove the individual valve that is not operating correctly. Further, if one valve is not functioning correctly, it becomes a decision whether to replace the non-functioning valve or all the other valves at the same time. Either option results in increased maintenance costs because replacing the valve before the end of its functional life is wasteful, but paying for maintenance personnel to return to the pump to replace the valve also involves an increase in maintenance costs. Moreover, as the relative labor to material cost differential has changed, the industry maintenance standard has become to remove the entire valve head and valves and replace it with a new or rebuilt valve head including new valves already installed into the head. This method, while more cost effective than trying to replace one or both valves individually, still generates considerable waste and consumes unnecessary maintenance cost resources.
The vast majority of these compressors have a substantial remaining functional life.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA method for retrofitting a reciprocating compressor embodies the invention. The method includes selecting for removal from a piston cylinder a first valve head. The first valve head is configured to house at least a one way intake valve assembly in an intake chamber of said head and at least a one way exhaust valve assembly in an exhaust chamber of said head. The intake and exhaust chambers sealed off from each other. The first valve head is removed from the piston cylinder. A second valve head is selected. A bottom of the second valve head is removably coupled to the piston cylinder. A concentric two-way valve is seated within the second valve head. The concentric valve is secured within the second valve head with a valve clamp having a top cover. An intake opening of an intake port tis positioned over an intake portion of said concentric valve. The intake opening is positioned at the top of the second valve head. Positioning the intake port, including its intake opening, includes arranging the top cover having the intake opening over the concentric valve, over the intake portion of the concentric valve, and at the top of the second valve head.
An assembly of a compressor that is retrofitted includes an existing piston cylinder, a valve head including an exhaust orifice removably coupled to the piston cylinder, a concentric two-way valve carried within the valve head, and a valve clamp having an intake port with an intake opening in a top cover of the valve clamp. The valve clamp removably coupled to the valve head to secure the valve within the valve head.
The valve clamp extends into a central hollow of the valve head and contacts and secures the concentric valve within the valve head. The valve clamp includes an annular first wall having an inner face and an outer face, the inner face of annular first wall may define an intake chamber. The valve clamp may also include an annular second wall outside the first wall, wherein the second wall has an inner face and an outer face. The inner face of the second wall and the outer face of the first wall may define an exhaust chamber.
The two-way valve may include a spring-loaded plunger to hold open an intake portion of the two-way valve, and facilitate the unloading of the compressor cylinder by allowing intake compressible fluid to escape during the piston up stroke. The valve clamp may also include a plunger housing. The plunger housing may be supported with a plurality of support arms. The plurality of support arms may divide the intake port into a plurality intake ports wherein the intake port is in fluid connection with the intake chamber of the valve clamp.
The accompanying drawings form a part of the specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith, in which like reference numerals are employed to indicate like or similar parts in the various views, and wherein:
The following detailed description of the invention references the accompanying drawing figures that illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The present invention is defined by the appended claims and the description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense and shall not limit the scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
Valve head 12 can also be called cylinder head 12. As shown in
Sidewall 24 has an outer face 32 and an inner face 34 formed by inner surface. The sidewall 24 has an axial length defined by top 20 and bottom 22 of valve head 12. The axial length is measured along the axis of the valve head 12. The axis extends from the top 20 to the bottom 22 and through hollow 30. Further, outer face 32 is an outer surface. The outer face of sidewall 24 may include annular ribs 36 around its circumference and may also include vertical ribs (not shown) spanning substantially from bottom 22 to top 20 and radially distributed around the circumference of outer face 32. The pattern of annular ribs 36 and vertical ribs, if any, may serve in part to increase the stiffness of sidewall 24. They may also provide for heat exchange with ambient air by increasing the exposed surface area of the valve head. Sidewall 24 may, alternatively, have a substantially smooth outer face and substantially uniform thickness (not shown). The exhaust orifice 28 opens and extends through side wall 24.
Valve head 12 may be configured and proportioned to be used with existing piston cylinders 202 of varying manufactures and diameters D1 as shown in
As further shown in
As shown in
Now turning to
Also shown in
As further shown in
When exhaust portion 48 of valve 14 is open, exhaust chamber 79 is in fluid connection with the piston chamber of cylinder 202 allowing the exhaust to flow into exhaust chamber 79 and through apertures 76′, 76″. From apertures 76′ the exhaust fluid flows into gap portion 92 of hollow 30. From the gap portion 92, the exhaust fluid flows into and out of orifice 28. From the aperture 76″ the exhaust fluid flows into orifice 28. Thus exhaust portion 48 is in fluid connection with exhaust chamber 79; exhaust chamber 79 is in fluid connection apertures 76′, 76″; the aperture 76′, are in fluid connection with gap portion 92, gap portion 92 is in fluid connection with orifice 28. Aperture 76″ is in fluid connection with orifice 28 and also gap portion 92. The first wall 60 isolates the intake port 59, intake chamber 78 and intake portion 46, from the exhaust portion 48, the exhaust chamber 79, the exhaust orifice 28, and the gap portion 92 in a manner to substantially prevent exhaust fluid passing out of the exhaust portion from leaking into the intake chamber and to substantially prevent fluid in the exhaust chamber 79, exhaust orifice 28, gap portion 92, and hollow 30 from leaking into the intake chamber and being drawn into the intake portion 46. The first wall 60 fluidly separates the intake portion 46 from the exhaust portion 48. It separates the exhaust fluid from the intake fluid. It diverts the flow to the exhaust orifice from the intake chamber. Wall 60 is a flow diverter.
Now turning to
As further shown in
To secure concentric valve 14 within valve head 12 with valve clamp 16, a plurality of clamp fasteners 100 are inserted through apertures 58 of top cover 54 of valve clamp 16 and into clamp apertures 44 of top flange 26 and operated to removably couple valve clamp 16 to valve head 12. One or more seals or O-rings 18 may be positioned on outside face 74 of second wall 70 of valve clamp 16 just under top cover 54 as shown in
Valve head assembly 10 of the present invention is used to retro-fit existing piston cylinders 202 of a reciprocating compressor assembly 200 shown in
Concentric valve 14 is placed into hollow 30 of valve head 12. A portion of the circular plate of the bottom 96 of concentric valve 14 is rested upon valve seat 94 as shown in
In operation, the piston in piston cylinder 202 is stroked and repeatedly translated upward and downward within piston cylinder 202. On the downs stroke, compressible fluid is drawn in through intake port 59 through opening 59′. Fluid passes form intake 59 into intake chamber 78. In the present valve head assembly 10, the placement of the intake port 59 varies from configurations in the prior art. Typically, as shown in
In the present disclosure, because the intake ports are directly above the intake chamber 78 and intake portion 46 of concentric valve 14, the incoming air does not have to make any turns or be directed toward the intake portion 46 of concentric valve 14. Repositioning the intake ports 90 to the top of the present valve head assembly 10 allows the axial height of the valve head 12 to be reduced as compared to the side entry head. The axial height reduction reduces the amount of material saving on material costs. The reduced height also makes the compressor more compact which may be desirable to a person of skill in the art because in many applications, the compressors are located in tight spaces and the reduced height makes it easier maintain or repair the present valve head assembly 10.
Other benefits measured through operational testing indicates that having the intake ports 90 directly above the intake chamber 78 and valve 14 reduces the temperature of the air flow within the valve clamp 16 by an average of 11.8 degrees Fahrenheit as compared to the side entry head. The temperature was measured at test location 102 just above the intake portion 46 of concentric valve 14. The reduced air temperature may provide for more air to be present in a given volume which may thereby increases the volume of flow for identical piston sizes and piston revolutions per minute. For example, in one embodiment of the present valve head assembly 10, compared to the side entry head design, the flow volume increased from 148.0 inlet cubic feet per minute (“icfm”) to 172.0 icfm. This results in a sixteen percent (16%) increase in the volume of air flowing through the intake over having the intake orifice in the side of the valve head when the pistons are driven at the same piston velocity such as rpm.
The temperature and pressure measurements are made during a continually running condition wherein the compressor was driven at a specific speed and allowed to run continually at a specific discharge pressure. The inlet temperature measurement and flow measurement are taken simultaneously. The inlet temperature was measured using a thermocouple and electronic measurement equipment. The flow measurement is done similarly, but by measuring the pressure loss across an orifice at the package discharge. The pressure loss is used in a calculation that allows for other variables including ambient inlet temperature, barometric pressure, and relative humidity. The present valve head assembly 10 performs best when retrofit in single stage compressor or, when compressors with multiple heads and multiple stages are present, the present valve head assembly 10 performs best when retrofit at the low-pressure heads of the first stage. The high-pressure heads perform better when retrofit with the retro-fit the side entry head assembly described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2013/0121860. Although, it is within the scope of the present invention for the present valve head assembly 10 to be used to retro-fit any compressor head.
Now further describing the operation of the present valve head assembly 10, after air is drawn into the intake chamber 78, intake portion 46 of concentric valve 14 opens to allow intake compressible fluid to be drawn into cylinder 202 as indicated in
In the event one or both concentric valve portions 46 and/or 48 wear out, a user will remove valve clamp 16 by releasing or removing fasteners 100 and pulling valve clamp 16 upward and out of hollow valve head 12. The user may then remove concentric valve 14 by pulling it upward off of seat 94 and remove it from valve head 12. The user may then insert a new or rebuilt concentric valve 14 such that new or rebuilt concentric valve 14 seats on valve seat 94 and the user may then re-insert valve clamp 16 into hollow 30 of valve head 12 and couple top cover 54 to valve head 12 as described above.
The retro-fit of an existing reciprocating compressor with the valve head assembly 10 of the present invention as described above substantially reduces the time and materials required to maintain the reciprocating compressors and increases the efficiency of the existing compressors by allowing the valve to be immediately proximate the piston of the reciprocating compressor.
From the foregoing it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all ends and objects hereinabove set forth together with the other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the structure.
It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
Since many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative, and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
1. An assembly of a compressor comprising:
- a piston cylinder;
- a valve head including an exhaust orifice, said valve head removably coupled to said piston cylinder;
- a concentric two-way valve carried by said valve head; and
- a valve clamp, said valve clamp removably coupled to said valve head, said valve clamp extending into a central hollow of said valve head, said valve clamp contacting and securing said concentric valve within said valve head;
- an intake opening, wherein the opening opens into an intake port, said intake opening is positioned over said concentric valve and forms part of said intake port, said opening formed in said valve clamp.
2. The assembly of a compressor of claim 1 wherein said valve clamp includes an first wall having an inner face and an outer face, said inner face of said first wall defining an intake chamber, said intake chamber is in fluid connection with said intake opening, intake port and an intake portion of said concentric valve, said intake opening formed in said valve clamp.
3. The assembly of a compressor of claim 2 wherein said valve clamp includes a second wall radially outward of said first wall, said second wall having an inner face and an outer face, said inner face of said second wall and said outer face of said first wall defining an exhaust chamber.
4. The method for retrofitting a reciprocating compressor of claim 3 wherein said concentric valve having a first circular plate at a top of said concentric valve and a second circular plate at a bottom of said concentric valve.
5. The method for retrofitting a reciprocating compressor of claim 1 further comprising aligning a plurality of apertures of said top cover with a plurality of clamp apertures in said second valve head, wherein said apertures in said top cover are in tabs of said top cover and said tabs are defined by recesses between said tabs.
6. The assembly of a compressor of claim 5 wherein a plurality of support arms divides said intake port into one or more intake ports, wherein said intake ports are in fluid connection with an intake chamber of said valve clamp.
7. A method for retrofitting a reciprocating compressor comprising:
- selecting for removal from a piston cylinder a first valve head, said first valve head having been configured to house at least a one way intake valve assembly in an intake chamber of said head and at least a one way exhaust valve assembly in an exhaust chamber of said head, said intake and exhaust chambers sealed off from each other;
- removing said first valve head from said piston cylinder;
- selecting a second valve head;
- removably coupling a bottom of the second valve head to said piston cylinder;
- seating a concentric two way valve within said second valve head;
- positioning an intake opening in a top cover of a valve clamp over said concentric valve, wherein said intake opening opens into an intake port in said valve clamp, and said intake opening forms part of said intake port;
- securing said concentric valve within said second valve head with said valve clamp having said top cover; and
- removably coupling said top cover to said second valve head.
8. The method for retrofitting the reciprocating compressor of claim 7 wherein the step of positioning said intake opening over said concentric valve includes arranging said intake opening over an intake portion of said concentric valve.
9. The method for retrofitting the reciprocating compressor of claim 8 further comprising:
- forming a fluid connection between the intake opening and intake portion.
10. The method for retrofitting the reciprocating compressor of claim 9 wherein the step of forming the fluid connection comprises forming a radial outward sealing engagement between a first wall of said valve clamp and said two way concentric valve.
11. The method for retrofitting the reciprocating compressor of claim 10 wherein the step of forming the fluid connection comprises forming with said first wall an intake chamber in fluid connection with said intake opening and said intake portion.
12. The method for retrofitting the reciprocating compressor of claim 11 wherein the step of forming the fluid connection comprises forming an exhaust chamber with said first wall, said exhaust chamber in fluid connection with an exhaust portion of said concentric valve.
13. The method for retrofitting the reciprocating compressor of claim 12 wherein the step of forming the fluid connection comprises isolating the intake chamber and intake portion from the exhaust portion and exhaust chamber to substantially prevent exhaust fluid passing out of the exhaust portion from leaking into the intake chamber and to substantially prevent fluid in the exhaust chamber from leaking into the intake chamber and being drawn into the intake portion.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 12, 2013
Publication Date: Mar 26, 2015
Applicant: GARDNER DENVER, INC. (Wayne, PA)
Inventor: Robert SMITH (Hannibal, MO)
Application Number: 14/077,743
International Classification: F04B 39/08 (20060101);