SANDWICH PANEL, METHOD OF BUILDING SUCH A SANDWICH PANEL, A CORE OF SUCH A SANDWICH PANEL, AND A BUILDING BUILT OF A PLURALITY OF SUCH SANDWICH PANELS
The invention relates to a sandwich panel, comprising: —a core, comprising: —a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers extending in a first longitudinal direction, each first spacer comprising at each corner thereof a first loop; —a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers extending in the first longitudinal direction, each second spacer comprising at each corner thereof a second loop, each second loop having outer dimensions that are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop, —wherein the second loops of each second spacer extend through the first loops of an adjacent first spacer; —wherein the openings defined by the second loops of successive second spacers are registered in rows extending in a second longitudinal direction, which second longitudinal direction extends under an angle of at least 20° with respect to the first longitudinal direction; and—wherein the first spacers and the second spacers define a second zigzag-shape in the second longitudinal direction; —two skin layers arranged on opposite sides of the core, wherein each skin layer comprises a plurality of openings through which the second loops extend; —a plurality of rods, each rod extending through the openings of the second loops of each row at the outer surface of each skin layer such that each rod locks the second loops in the first loops with respect to the skin layer. The invention further relates to a method of building such a sandwich panel, a core of such a sandwich panel, and a building built of a plurality of such sandwich panels.
The invention relates to a sandwich panel comprising a core and two skin layers arranged on opposite sides of the core. Such a sandwich panel is known per se.
It is an object of the invention to provide a sandwich panel that allows for easy assembling of the core and the two skin layers, such that said core and said two skin layers may be transported in a disassembled state and to be easily assembled on site.
In order to accomplish that objective, the sandwich panel according to the invention comprises:
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- a core, comprising:
- a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers extending in a first longitudinal direction, each first spacer comprising at each corner thereof a first loop;
- a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers extending in the first longitudinal direction, each second spacer comprising at each corner thereof a second loop, each second loop having outer dimensions that are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop,
- wherein the second loops of each second spacer extend through the first loops of an adjacent first spacer;
- wherein the openings defined by the second loops of successive second spacers are registered in rows extending in a second longitudinal direction, which second longitudinal direction extends under an angle of at least 20° with respect to the first longitudinal direction; and
- wherein the first spacers and the second spacers define a second zigzag-shape in the second longitudinal direction;
- two skin layers arranged on opposite sides of the core, wherein each skin layer comprises a plurality of openings through which the second loops extend;
- a plurality of rods, each rod extending through the openings of the second loops of each row at the outer surface of each skin layer such that each rod locks the second loops in the first loops with respect to the skin layer.
- a core, comprising:
The sandwich panel according to the invention allows for easy assembling by arranging the skin layers on opposite sides of the core and by then placing the rods through the rows of second loops.
The sandwich panel according to the invention may be used as, but not limited to, a wall or a roof of a construction or (emergency) building, such as a house, an office building, a garage, a storage shed, a stadium, a stable, a quay, a dam, a sewer drain, a swimming pool, etc, or as a bower, a sound wall, a (decorative or protective) (garden) fence, a grandstand, a presentation wall, a display, a bike park, a stage, as a building toy optionally for educational purposes, or as part of a bridge (head), of a viaduct, of the casco of a house-boat, etc.
The core may for example be manufactured from a material from the group comprising metal, such as iron or (stainless) steel, and (fibre reinforced) plastic or composite material.
Practically the angle is approximately 90°.
In an embodiment of the sandwich panel according to the invention, said sandwich panel comprises limitation means for limiting the distance by which each second loop extends through each first loop and/or by which each second loop extends through each opening in each skin layer.
The second spacer and/or the first spacer may comprise said limitation means, said limitation means comprising two elongated elements extending in the first longitudinal direction, which elongated elements mutually connect the second loops on each longitudinal side of the second spacer and/or which elongated elements mutually connect the first loops on each longitudinal side of the first spacer.
The elongated elements have the further advantage of clearly defining the location of the first loops and the second loops in the first longitudinal direction, such that the location of the openings of the skin layers may be easily be adapted thereto.
Practically the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer lies in the range of between 90° to 150°.
An angle of approximately 90° has the advantage that the core of the sandwich panel is foldable to a folded up first state in which the core has a more or less flat shape, such that the core requires relative small space, which is convenient for, for example, transport and storage. At a building site the core is easily expandable to its expanded state, in which the core functions as a spacer for the sandwich panel.
When the size of the openings of the skin layers is smaller than the size of the first loops, such that the first loops cannot extend through the openings of the skin layers, this angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer limits the maximum angle of the longitudinal plane of the first spacer with respect to the skin layers, which maximum angle is obtained when the first loops extend parallel to the skin layers. By choosing an appropriate angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer, the maximum angle of the longitudinal plane of the first spacer with respect to the skin layers is defined as 180° minus the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer. Thus the maximum angle is approximately 60°, respectively approximately 45°, if the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer is approximately 120°, respectively approximately 135°.
The angle of the first loop with respect to the skin layer may lye in the range of between 0° to 45°.
An angle of the second loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the second spacer may lye in the range of between 120° to 180°.
The angle of the second loop with respect to the skin layer is preferably approximately 90°, such that the rods may easily be placed through the openings of the second loops.
With the angle of the second loop with respect to the skin layer being preferably approximately 90° and the angle of the second loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer being in the range of between 120° to 180°, an angle between the longitudinal plane of the second spacer and the skin layers is between 120° to 180° minus approximately 90°, i.e. between 30° to 90°.
Preferably, the angle of the longitudinal plane of the first spacer and/or the angle of the longitudinal plane of the second spacer with respect to the skin layers lies in the range of between 30° to 90°. These angles may be equal or different for the first spacers and the second spacers.
All angles may be chosen in accordance with required strength of the sandwich panel, and in accordance with desired dimensions of the sandwich panel.
In an embodiment of the sandwich panel according to the invention, at least one of the two skin layers is a mesh.
Such a mesh has the advantage that it comprises more openings than the core comprises second loops, such that the second loops may easily be placed through the openings of the mesh. Also, such a mesh is relatively cheap.
The mesh may for example be made from a material from the group comprising metal, such as iron or (stainless) steel and (fibre reinforced) plastic or composite material.
A sandwich panel comprising such mesh skin layers may for example be filled with rocks and mud and may for example be used as a noise protection wall that may for example be located along roads in urban areas.
Also, such a sandwich panel may conveniently be used for building houses and other buildings, such as stores and offices, in area's that have suffered from a natural disaster, such as an earth quake. The broken bricks and other remainings of collapsed buildings may be used as a filling material for filling up the core of the sandwich panel, such that new buildings may be made relatively easy and fast. Thus, the people living in said area may have new homes relatively fast. Such homes may be temporally, wherein more permanent buildings may be built while the people are living in homes comprising the sandwich panels according to the invention. After finishing the more permanent buildings, said temporally homes and buildings may easily be disassembled by removing first the rods, then the skin layers, and by then folding up or dismounting the core. The sandwich panels may then be reused used at a different location. For such an application, it is convenient if the core, skin layers and rods are transported to the natural disaster area in a disassembled state and being assembled on site. Said core is preferable transported in its folded up state.
After filling the panel with mesh skin layers, for example with rubble, luting with concrete may take place. This way, a relatively cheap and low-weight water tight construction element may be formed, which can be used for any of the above described purposes. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the two skin layers may be a panel.
Such a panel has the advantage, that the core and/or the optional filling of the core of the sandwich panel, is at least less visible from the outside. The thickness of the panel may be chosen as desired.
The panel may for example be made from a material from the group comprising wood, metal, such as iron or (stainless) steel and (fibre reinforced) plastic or composite material.
Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the two skin layers may be a sandwich panel, comprising a core and two skin layers, wherein the core and an inner skin layer of the two skin layers comprise said plurality of openings and wherein the outer skin layer covers said plurality of openings.
Such a sandwich panel skin layer has the advantage, that the outer skin layer covers said plurality of openings and the second loops and rods located therein. Thus, the openings, second loops and rods are not visible from the outside. The outer skin layers may for example comprise a finishing layer, such as finish plaster, wood, tiles, bricks or the like, such that after assembly of the sandwich panel 1000 no further finishing is required. One of the finishing layers of the outer skin layers may for example be watertight, such that the sandwich panel may be used as an outer wall of a building, also in areas where rain occurs. The core may for example be made of a noise or energy isolating layer, such as polyurethane (PUR).
Since the loops are not visible from the outside, practically said sandwich panel comprises guiding means provided in the core of said sandwich panel skin layer for guiding the rods through said second loops.
Said guiding means may for example comprise guiding pipes or tubes.
The sandwich panels comprising panels as skin layers or sandwich panels as skin layers may also be used for building buildings, such as houses, stores and offices. For example as temporary buildings in areas that have suffered from a natural disaster, as well as more permanent buildings in all areas.
The invention also relates to a method of building a sandwich panel according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
a) building a core, comprising the steps of:
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- providing a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers extending in a first longitudinal direction, each first spacer comprising at each corner thereof a first loop;
- providing a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers extending in the first longitudinal direction, each second spacer comprising at each corner thereof a second loop, each second loop having outer dimensions that are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop,
- placing the second loops of each second spacer through the first loops of an adjacent first spacer, wherein the openings defined by the second loops of successive second spacers are registered in rows extending in a second longitudinal direction, which second longitudinal direction extends under an angle of at least 20° with respect to the first longitudinal direction, and wherein the first spacers and the second spacers define a second zigzag-shape in the second longitudinal direction; and
b) arranging two skin layers on opposite sides of the core by placing the second loops of the core through openings of the skin layers;
c) placing a plurality of rods through the openings of the second loops of each row at the outer surface of each skin layer such that each rod locks the second loops in the first loops with respect to the skin layer.
With such a method the sandwich panel may be built relatively easy and fast. Also, the sandwich panel may easily and/or fast be dismantled by reversing the steps.
The invention further relates to a core of a sandwich panel, said core comprising:
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- a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers extending in a first longitudinal direction, each first spacer comprising at each corner thereof a first loop;
- a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers extending in the first longitudinal direction, each second spacer comprising at each corner thereof a second loop, each second loop having outer dimensions that are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop,
- wherein the second loops of each second spacer extend through the first loops of an adjacent first spacer;
- wherein the openings defined by the second loops of successive second spacers are registered in rows extending in a second longitudinal direction, which second longitudinal direction extends under an angle of at least 20° with respect to the first longitudinal direction; and
- wherein the first spacers and the second spacers define a second zigzag-shape in the second longitudinal direction.
The core may further comprise the features as described with respect to the sandwich panel that relate to said core.
Preferably, the core is foldable between a folded up first state and an expanded second state.
In the folded up first state the core requires less space than in the expanded second state, such that the core may easily be transported and stored in the folded up first state. At a building the core may easily be expanded to its expanded state. Dependent on the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer, the core may have a more or less flat shape in the folded up state.
The invention also relates to buildings built using a plurality of sandwich panels according to the invention. Such buildings may be built relatively easy and fast and may conveniently be used in any area, in particular in areas that have suffered from a natural disaster. Means for mutually connecting a plurality of the sandwich panels may be provided. The sandwich panels may be used as walls, roofs, floors, or any desired part of the building.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures illustrated in a drawing, wherein:
The core 2 comprises a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers 6, which first spacers 6 extend in a first longitudinal direction 8. Each first spacer 6 comprises at each corner thereof a first loop 9. The first loops extend parallel with respect to the skin layers 3A, 3B and under an angle 25 of approximately 120° with respect to a longitudinal plane of the first spacer 6 (see
The core 2 further comprises a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers 7, which also extend in the first longitudinal direction 8. Each second spacer 7 comprises at each corner thereof a second loop 10, wherein the outer dimensions of the second loops 10 are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop 9, such that the second loops 10 may extend through the first loops 9. The second loops 10 extend perpendicular with respect to the skin layers 3A, 3B and under an angle 26 of approximately 150° with respect to a longitudinal plane of the second spacer 7, see
At the side zones of the core 2, said core 2 comprises a second type of second spacer 19, as is seen in
As is clear from
As is further clear from
As is further clear from
The skin layers 3A, 3B are arranged on opposite sides of the core 2, wherein each skin layer 3A, 3B is a mesh comprising a plurality of openings 13 through which the second loops 10,20 extend.
As is clear from
The side panels 5A-5D are also a mesh comprising openings 14. Each mesh 5A-5D comprises edge zones 15 extending under an angle of 90° with respect of a main plane of the panels 5A-5D, such that the edge zones 15 extend parallel with respect tot the skin layers 3A, 3B. The second loops 10,20 that are located at the outer zones of the core 2 extend through the openings 14 of the edge zones 15 of the panels 5A-5D and the rods 4 extend through the openings 12 of the second loops 10,20 at the outer surface of the edge zones 15 of the panels 5A-5D, such that each rod 4 locks the second loops 10,20 in the first loops 9 with respect to the skin layer 3A, 3B and the side panels 5A-5D.
As is clear from
As described above,
The second type second spacer 19 is not disclosed in
As is clear from
As is seen in
In order to prevent the first spacers 6;106 and the second spacers 7,19;107,19 from uncoupling during folding, coupling means in the form of a wires, tapes or belts may be provided that connect each first loop 9;109 of a first spacer 6;106 to a second loop 10,20;110,20 of an adjacent second spacers 7,19;107,19 together and as such prevent uncoupling. The wires, tapes or belts may also be provided around each pair of elongated elements 16,17,28 of each pair of adjacent first spacers 6;106 and second spacers 7,19;107,19.
As is clear from
The invention is not restricted to the variants shown in the drawing, but it also extends to other preferred embodiments that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
In this respect it is noted that all disclosed angles may be chosen as desired and in dependence of required strength and size of the sandwich panel. In particular the angle 27 between the longitudinal planes of the first and second spacers 6;106,7;107 and the skin layers 3A;103A;1003A,3B;103B;1003B may be variable and may be fixated by placing the second loops 10;110 through an opening of the skin layers 3A;103A;1003A,3B;103B;1003B and by then placing the rod through the second loops 10;110.
Claims
1. A sandwich panel, comprising:
- a core, comprising: a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers extending in a first longitudinal direction, each first spacer comprising at each corner thereof a first loop; a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers extending in the first longitudinal direction, each second spacer comprising at each corner thereof a second loop, each second loop having outer dimensions that are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop, wherein the second loops of each second spacer extend through the first loops of an adjacent first spacer; wherein the openings defined by the second loops of successive second spacers are registered in rows extending in a second longitudinal direction, which second longitudinal direction extends under an angle of at least 20° with respect to the first longitudinal direction; and wherein the first spacers and the second spacers define a second zigzag-shape in the second longitudinal direction;
- two skin layers arranged on opposite sides of the core, wherein each skin layer comprises a plurality of openings through which the second loops extend;
- a plurality of rods, each rod extending through the openings of the second loops of each row at the outer surface of each skin layer such that each rod locks the second loops in the first loops with respect to the skin layer.
2. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein the angle is approximately 90°.
3. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, comprising a limiter configured for limiting the distance by which each second loop extends through each first loop and/or by which each second loop extends through each opening in each skin layer.
4. The sandwich panel according to claim 3, wherein the second spacer and/or the first spacer comprise(s) said limiter, said limiter comprising two elongated elements extending in the first longitudinal direction, which elongated elements mutually connect the second loops on each longitudinal side of the second spacer and/or which elongated elements mutually connect the first loops on each longitudinal side of the first spacer.
5. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein an angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer lies in the range of between 90° to 150°.
6. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein an angle of the first loop with respect to the skin layer lies in the range of between 0° to 45°
7. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein an angle of the second loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the second spacer lies in the range of between 120° to 180°.
8. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein an angle of the longitudinal plane of the first spacer and/or an angle of the longitudinal plane of the second spacer with respect to the skin layers lies in the range of between 30° to 90°.
9. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the two skin layers is a mesh.
10. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the two skin layers is a panel.
11. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the two skin layers is a sandwich panel, comprising a core and two skin layers, wherein the core and an inner skin layer of the two skin layers comprise said plurality of openings and wherein the outer skin layer covers said plurality of openings.
12. The sandwich panel according to claim 11, comprising guiding means provided in the core of said sandwich panel skin layer for guiding the rods through said second loops.
13. A method of building a sandwich panel, the method comprising:
- a) building a core, comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers extending in a first longitudinal direction, each first spacer comprising at each corner thereof a first loop; providing a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers extending in the first longitudinal direction, each second spacer comprising at each corner thereof a second loop, each second loop having outer dimensions that are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop, placing the second loops of each second spacer through the first loops of an adjacent first spacer, wherein the openings defined by the second loops of successive second spacers are registered in rows extending in a second longitudinal direction, which second longitudinal direction extends under an angle of at least 20° with respect to the first longitudinal direction, and wherein the first spacers and the second spacers define a second zigzag-shape in the second longitudinal direction; and
- b) arranging two skin layers on opposite sides of the core by placing the second loops of the core through openings of the skin layers;
- c) placing a plurality of rods through the openings of the second loops of each row at the outer surface of each skin layer such that each rod locks the second loops in the first loops with respect to the skin layer.
14. An element, said element comprising:
- a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers extending in a first longitudinal direction, each first spacer comprising at each corner thereof a first loop;
- a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers extending in the first longitudinal direction, each second spacer comprising at each corner thereof a second loop, each second loop having outer dimensions that are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop,
- wherein the second loops of each second spacer extend through the first loops of an adjacent first spacer;
- wherein the openings defined by the second loops of successive second spacers are registered in rows extending in a second longitudinal direction, which second longitudinal direction extends under an angle of at least 20° with respect to the first longitudinal direction; and
- wherein the first spacers and the second spacers define a second zigzag-shape in the second longitudinal direction.
15. The element according to claim 12, wherein the element is foldable between a folded up first state and an expanded second state.
Type: Application
Filed: May 1, 2012
Publication Date: May 14, 2015
Applicant: MCT Mesh Contruction Technology Holding B.V. (Elst)
Inventors: Wilhelmus Fredrikus Hazenbrink (Loenhout), Jan-Paul Ferdinand Kimmel (Elst), Jurjen Westra (Oosterbeek)
Application Number: 14/398,095
International Classification: E04B 1/19 (20060101); E04C 5/06 (20060101);