COMPRESSION TRANSFER MEMBER
Provided is a compression member for a thermally broken connector assembly, such as for a balcony. In one embodiment, the compression member includes an elongated body which extends into first and second independent concrete structural elements. The elongated body includes a cross-section. The cross-section may include at least two independent rounded surfaces. The cross-section may include at least one corner, which may be rounded. The cross-section may further include at least one leg. The first and second independent concrete structural elements may extend in horizontal planes when the independent concrete structural elements are in their service position. The compression member transfers compression forces between the first and second independent concrete structural elements. Furthermore, the compression member may be independent of the internal reinforcing, or rebar, of one or both independent concrete structural elements.
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The present invention relates to the construction industry. More specifically, the present invention is used in concrete construction where a balcony slab is attached to a main floor slab. When a balcony slab is attached to a main floor slab, a thermal bridge is created between the outside balcony slab and the inside floor slab. To avoid this problem, a thermal block is inserted between the slabs. The present invention is a compression transfer member which may be used in the thermal block for structural stability.
BACKGROUNDBalconies are a common feature in buildings, particularly residential buildings. For example, apartments and hotels often include balconies. In typical balcony construction, the interior floor slab is extended to the outside to create the balcony. The concrete and internal reinforcing, such as rebar, are extended from the interior slab to create a balcony slab. But, as energy requirements for buildings are becoming more stringent, more and more buildings are insulated on the outside. Due to structural requirements, the balcony slabs must be extended without any thermal break between the balcony slab and the interior floor slab, which is undesirable from an energy perspective. Recently, products have been introduced to provide a thermal break between balcony and floor slabs which meet the structural requirements necessary for balcony construction.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,822,938 to Bähr et al. discloses a structural element for thermal insulation. Specifically, disclosed is a complex system of insulation and compression elements which are located between main and projecting building parts. The compression elements end at contact plates or bars, which are located adjacent to the building elements. The plates or bars may include one or more projections which extend into the concrete slabs. The system of Bähr et al. has drawbacks. It is a complex system which must be arranged in a specific manner in the building to effectively transfer compression forces. Moreover, the Bähr et al. compression elements must extend the entire compression height of the junction between the building and projecting parts. Furthermore, because the compression members do not extend into the concrete elements, the compression members are likely to be displaced as the concrete expands and contracts. In addition, the Bähr et al. device is made of steel, which can be corrosive and also creates greater thermal bridge and, therefore, is undesirable.
In another example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,973,317 to Larkin discloses a thermal break for concrete slab edges and balconies. The thermal break includes a plate made of insulation that includes apertures. The apertures accept nipples which are used to extend the rebar of the main building to a projecting balcony slab for the transfer of compression and tension forces. The rebar which extends to the balcony slab is connected to the internal reinforcing or rebar network in both the main floor and balcony slabs, creating a complex system to be constructed.
Even though the thermal break between the concrete slabs is provided in the above examples, for purposes of structural stability, reinforcing is penetrating the thermal break at a number of places. The reinforcing creates a thermal bridge between the two concrete slabs. For example, research has shown that a thermal break's efficiency to resist thermal transfer can be reduced by as much as 40% due to penetrations from normal reinforcing.
Accordingly, there exists a need in the art for an invention to address the above-identified drawbacks and problems. Therefore, the current invention provides a compression member that will replace the steel compression members that are currently employed. Moreover, the present invention accommodates the expansion and contraction of the concrete slabs while providing sufficient compression strength and anchorage in the concrete. Moreover, the invention is easy to manufacture, assemble, and install.
SUMMARYA compression member for concrete is provided. The compression member may include an elongated body extending into first and second independent concrete structural elements. The elongated body may have a cross-section including at least two independent rounded surfaces. Moreover, the first and second independent concrete structural elements may extend in horizontal planes when the concrete structural elements are in their service positions. The compression member transfers compression forces between the first and second independent concrete structural elements.
The compression member may be independent of an internal reinforcing network in at least one of the first and second concrete structural elements. For example, the compression member may be independent of both internal reinforcing networks. Moreover, the cross-section may include at least one corner, which may be rounded. The cross-section may further include a center and at least one leg extending from the center. In one embodiment, the cross-section may include at least three legs. Furthermore, the legs may taper away from the center. The compression member may further have a first end and a second end, with the first end embedded in the first concrete structural element and the second end embedded in the second concrete structural element. At least one of the first and second ends may include at least one of a beveled edge, outwardly extending surface, inwardly extending surface, convex surface, and concave surface. Moreover, at least one of the first and second ends may include an end member. The compression member may be made of non-metal, composite material. In addition, one of the first and second concrete structural elements may be a balcony.
In another embodiment of the invention, a compression member is provided. The compression member may have an elongated body extending into first and second independent concrete structural elements. Furthermore, the elongated body may have a cross-section having at least one corner. The first and second independent concrete structural elements may extend in horizontal planes when the concrete structural elements are in their service positions. The compression member transfers compression forces between the first and second independent concrete structural elements.
Furthermore, the cross-section may include at least one leg, such as three legs. Moreover, the compression member may comprise non-metal, composite material. The compression member may be independent of an internal reinforcing network in at least one of the first and second concrete structural elements. Furthermore, the elongated body may include a first end and a second end. At least one of the first and second ends may include at least one of a beveled edge, outwardly extending surface, inwardly extending surface, convex surface, and concave surface. In addition, at least one of the first and second ends may include an end member.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a compression member is provided. The compression member may include an elongated body extending into first and second independent concrete structural elements. The compression member may be independent of an internal reinforcing network in at least one of the first and second independent concrete structural elements. The first and second independent concrete structural elements may extend in horizontal planes when the concrete structural elements are in their service positions. The compression member transfers compression forces between the first and second independent concrete structural elements.
The compression member elongated body may include a cross-section having at least two independent rounded surfaces. Furthermore, the cross-section may include at least one corner, which may be rounded. The cross-section may further include at least one leg, such as three legs. The compression member may comprise non-metal composite material. Furthermore, the elongated body may include a first end and a second end. At least one of the first and second ends may include at least one of a beveled edge, outwardly extending surface, inwardly extending surface, convex surface, and concave surface. In addition, at least one of the first and second ends may include an end member.
The following is a detailed description of a compression member 100 for transferring compression forces or loads between two independent concrete structural elements 102, 104, wherein the first 102 and second 104 concrete structural elements extend in horizontal planes from a wall 106 when the wall 106 and concrete structural elements 102, 104 are in their service positions in a building. It will be understood that the phrase horizontal planes includes planes which are truly horizontal and those which are nearly or intended to be horizontal, such as, sloped surface to drain water, construction inaccuracies, expansion, contraction, or slight design variations. For example, the compression member 100 of the present invention is useful for transferring compression forces and loads between a balcony and a main floor slab of a building. It should be appreciated that the compression members 100 may also be used in other horizontal applications known now or in the future. Furthermore, the embodiments discussed in detail should not be construed as limiting, but rather as exemplary, as the compression member and balcony connector assembly of the present invention may take on many embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
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A compression member 100 of the present invention may take any shape and cross-section. An advantage of the embodiment shown in
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In further alternate embodiments, a compression member 100 of the present invention may include at least one end member 140. Referring to
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The compression member 100 ends 126, 128 may be finished in a number of ways to provide greater compression strength and/or anchorage in the concrete. For example, turning to
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Although a number of exemplary embodiments are discussed above, it will be understood by one of skill in the art that any number of embodiments of a compression member 100 may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be appreciated that a compression member of the present invention may be any shape. In one example of shape which is not illustrated or discussed in detail above, the cross-section may be a rectangle, such as a rectangle having rounded corners. For example, a compression member of the present invention may have any cross-section or length. In addition, the compression member of the present invention may or may not include end portions, or may include only one end portion. In addition, one or both ends may be finished in any way and have any shape. Furthermore, the compression member of the present invention may be made of any material known in the art, now or in the future. Although certain materials, including non-metal composite, are preferable, any material may be employed.
Moreover, it is anticipated that the exemplary embodiments discussed above may be combined without departing from the scope of the present invention. By way of example only, it is anticipated that a compression member 100 could be employed having four legs 136, a twisted body 162, one end member 140, and one concave surface 160. Therefore, the specific embodiments discussed above should not be construed as limiting. An advantage of the above-described embodiments is that the compression member 100 includes more surface area than some shapes, such a cylinder. By having a greater surface area, the compression member 100 is able to withstand and transfer larger compression loads. In addition, the compression member 100 is better anchored in the concrete.
As discussed above, concrete is a non-homogeneous material. By increasing the surface area of the compression member 100, more concrete particles surround the compression member 100, thus providing the ability to transfer higher compression loads and better anchorage in the concrete. In addition, many embodiments described above provide greater surface area near the bottom of the concrete structural elements 102, 104 where the concrete is more homogenous and better able to transfer compression loads to the compression member 100. Furthermore, the above-described compression members 100 will withstand lateral movement of the first 102 and second 104 independent concrete structural elements. In one example involving a balcony slab, the balcony slab may move laterally, such as during expansion, contraction, and side-to-side movement of the balcony slab. The above-described compression members 100 are strong enough to withstand the compression forces but also ductile enough to compliment and allow lateral movement from one structural element to the other.
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Although various representative embodiments of this invention have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventive subject matter set forth in the specification and claims. Joinder references (e.g. attached, adhered, joined) are to be construed broadly and may include intermediate members between a connection of elements and relative movement between elements. As such, joinder references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected and in fixed relation to each other. In some instances, in methodologies directly or indirectly set forth herein, various steps and operations are described in one possible order of operation, but those skilled in the art will recognize that steps and operations may be rearranged, replaced, or eliminated without necessarily departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not limiting. Changes in detail or structure may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments outlined above, various alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and/or substantial equivalents, whether known or that are or may be presently foreseen, may become apparent to those having at least ordinary skill in the art. Listing the steps of a method in a certain order does not constitute any limitation on the order of the steps of the method. Accordingly, the embodiments of the invention set forth above are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is intended to embrace all known or earlier developed alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and/or substantial equivalents.
Claims
1. A compression member for concrete comprising:
- an elongated body extending into first and second independent concrete structural elements;
- said elongated body having a cross-section including at least two independent rounded surfaces;
- said first and second independent concrete structural elements extending in horizontal planes when said independent concrete structural elements are in their service positions; and
- said compression member transfers compression forces between said first and second independent concrete structural elements.
2. The compression member of claim 1 wherein said compression member is independent of an internal reinforcing network in at least one of said first and second concrete structural elements.
3. The compression member of claim 2 wherein said compression member is independent of said internal reinforcing network in both of said first and second concrete structural elements.
4. The compression member of claim 1 wherein said cross-section further includes at least one corner.
5. The compression member of claim 4 wherein said corner is rounded.
6. The compression member of claim 1 wherein said cross-section includes a center and at least one leg extending from said center.
7. The compression member of claim 6 wherein said cross-section includes at least three legs.
8. The compression member of claim 6 wherein said legs are tapered away from said center.
9. The compression member of claim 1 wherein said elongated body has a first end and a second end, said first end embedded in said first concrete structural element and said second end embedded in said second concrete structural element.
10. The compression member of claim 9 wherein at least one of said first and second ends includes at least one of a beveled edge, outwardly extending surface, inwardly extending surface, convex surface, and concave surface.
11. The compression member of claim 8 wherein at least one of said first and second ends includes an end member.
12. The compression member of claim 1 comprising non-metal, composite material.
13. The compression member of claim 1 wherein one of said first and second concrete structural elements is a balcony.
14. A compression member for concrete comprising:
- an elongated body extending into first and second independent concrete structural elements;
- said elongated body having a cross-section including at least one corner,
- said first and second independent concrete structural elements extending in horizontal planes when said independent concrete structural elements are in their service positions; and
- said compression member transfers compression forces between said first and second independent concrete structural elements.
15. The compression member of claim 14 wherein said at least one corner is rounded.
16. The compression member of claim 15 wherein said cross-section includes at least one leg.
17. The compression member of claim 16 wherein said cross-section includes three legs.
18. The compression member of claim 17 comprising non-metal, composite material.
19. The compression member of claim 14 wherein said compression member is independent of an internal reinforcing network in at least one of said first and second concrete structural elements.
20. The compression member of claim 14 wherein said elongated body includes a first end and a second end and at least one of said first and second ends includes at least one of a beveled edge, outwardly extending surface, inwardly extending surface, convex surface, and concave surface.
21. The compression member of claim 14 wherein said elongated body includes a first end and a second end and at least of said first and second ends includes an end member.
22. A compression member for concrete comprising:
- an elongated body extending into first and second independent concrete structural elements;
- said compression member is independent of an internal reinforcing network in at least one of said first and second independent concrete structural elements;
- said first and second independent concrete structural elements extending in horizontal planes when said independent concrete structural elements are in their service positions; and
- said compression member transfers compression forces between said first and second independent concrete structural elements.
23. The compression member of claim 22 wherein said elongated body includes a cross-section having at least two independent rounded surfaces.
24. The compression member of claim 23 wherein said cross-section includes at least one corner.
25. The compression member of claim 24 wherein said at least one corner is rounded.
26. The compression member of claim 25 wherein said cross-section includes at least one leg.
27. The compression member of claim 26 wherein said cross-section includes three legs.
28. The compression member of claim 27 comprising non-metal, composite material.
29. The compression member of claim 22 wherein said elongated body includes a first end and a second end and at least one of said first and second ends includes at least one of a beveled edge, outwardly extending surface, inwardly extending surface, convex surface, and concave surface.
30. The compression member of claim 22 wherein said elongated body includes a first end and a second end and at least of said first and second ends includes an end member.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 7, 2015
Publication Date: Jan 7, 2016
Applicant: Composite Technologies Corporation (Boone, IA)
Inventors: Venkatesh Seshappa (Ames, IA), Darryl E. Dixon (Boone, IA)
Application Number: 14/792,976