CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE COMPONENTS WITH INSERTS
A gas turbine engine is disclosed that includes a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. The turbine includes a turbine shroud having a blade track formed from a ceramic matrix composite material. The combustor includes a combustor liner formed from one or more ceramic matrix composite tiles.
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/037,879, filed 15 Aug. 2014, the disclosure of which is now expressly incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD:The present invention generally relates to gas turbine engines, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to ceramic-containing components used in gas turbine engines.
BACKGROUNDGas turbine engines typically include a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. The compressor compresses air drawn into the engine and delivers high pressure air to the combustor. In the combustor, fuel is mixed with the high pressure air and the air/fuel mixture is ignited. Products of the combustion reaction in the combustor are directed into the turbine where work is extracted to drive various components of the gas turbine engine. In operation, ceramic-containing components of both the combustor and the turbine are exposed to hot, high-pressure air that results from the combustor reaction.
Holes are sometimes formed in ceramic-containing components of the combustor and the turbine that are exposed to the combustion reaction products. Such holes can conduct cooling air or accommodate the passage of fasteners through a ceramic-containing component. Forming holes directly into ceramic-containing components, however, can present complications. Namely, holes formed directly into ceramic-containing components can expose environmentally sensitive portions of the ceramic-containing components to the combustion reaction products, which may result in the degradation of the ceramic-containing components over time.
SUMMARYThe present disclosure may comprise one or more of the following features and combinations thereof.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a turbine shroud adapted for use in a gas turbine engine may include a blade track made from ceramic matrix composite materials and an insert. The blade track may be formed to include an aperture extending through at least a portion of the blade track. The insert may be formed to include a passageway that extends through the aperture to conduct gasses through the aperture while blocking gasses from interacting with surfaces of the blade track that define the aperture.
In some embodiments, the insert may include a liner that forms the passageway and a retention flange that extends outwardly from the liner along a side of the blade track that extends away from the aperture to block movement of the liner through the aperture away from the side of the blade track. The aperture formed in the blade track may be a round bore that extends along an axis, and the passageway formed in the insert may be coaxial with the aperture. The liner may have an outer diameter that is greater than a diameter of the aperture so that the insert is interference fit with the blade track. The turbine shroud may also include a bond layer between the liner and a side wall that defines the aperture to couple the insert to the blade track. The bond layer may be made of silicon-containing braze material. The bond layer may be made of a silicon-containing cement material. The insert may be a monolithic component made from a substantially homogenous material. The material may be silicon carbide, or the material may be one of the following: aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, or rare earth oxide. The material may be a rare earth silicate, or the material may be one of the following: a rare earth aluminate, an alkaline aluminosilicate, or mullite.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a combustor adapted for use in a gas turbine engine may include a shell, a liner tile made from ceramic matrix composite materials, and an insert. The shell may be made from metallic materials. The liner tile may be coupled to the shell and formed to include an aperture extending through at least a portion of the liner tile. The insert may be formed to include a passageway that extends through the aperture to shield surfaces of the liner tile that define the aperture.
In some embodiments, the turbine shroud may further include a fastener that extends through the passageway to couple the liner tile to the shell. The insert may include a liner that forms the passageway and a retention flange that extends outwardly from the liner along a side of the liner tile that extends away from the aperture to block the liner from moving through the aperture away from the side. The aperture formed in the liner tile may be a round bore that extends along an axis and the passageway formed in the insert may be coaxial with the aperture.
According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, an assembly adapted for use in a gas turbine engine may include a component made from ceramic matrix composite materials and an insert. The component may be formed to include an aperture extending through the component from a relatively-high pressure side of the component to a relatively-low pressure side of the component. The insert may be formed to include a passageway that extends through the aperture to conduct gasses through the aperture from the relatively-high pressure side of the component to the relatively-low pressure side of the component while blocking gasses from interacting with surfaces of the component that define the aperture.
In some embodiments, the insert may include a liner that forms the passageway and a retention flange that extends outwardly from the liner along the relatively-high pressure side of the component to block the liner from moving through the aperture toward the relatively-low pressure side of the component. The aperture formed in the component may be a round bore that extends along an axis and the passageway formed in the insert may be coaxial with the aperture. The assembly may further include a fastener that extends through the passageway to couple the component to another part of the assembly.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
Referring now to
The turbine 16 includes static turbine vane rings 20, 22 and a turbine wheel assembly 23 having turbine blades 24 positioned between the vane rings 20, 22 as shown in
Referring now to
The turbine blade track 28 is illustratively constructed of a ceramic matrix composite material. In one example, the ceramic matrix composite material may include silicon-carbide fibers formed into fabric sheets and a silicon-carbide matrix. In another example, the ceramic matrix composite material may include another ceramic-based material that including reinforcing fibers and a matrix material.
The turbine blade track 28 extends circumferentially to surround the turbine wheel assembly 23 to directly block combustion products delivered to the turbine 16 from passing over the turbine blades 24 as suggested in
Cooling apertures 46, sometimes called cooling holes, are formed in the turbine blade track 28 to conduct cooling gasses to hot portions of the turbine blade track 28 as shown in
The metallic support ring 30 is coupled to the metallic case 18 as shown in
The turbine blade track 28 includes a blade track runner 34 and a pair of hangers 36 as shown in
The turbine blade track 28 is coupled to the metallic support ring 30 such that the pair of hangers 36 of the blade track 28 engage the pair of ledges 32 of the metallic support ring 30 as shown in
Each of the pair of hangers 36 includes a forward surface 40 and an aft surface 42 opposite the forward surface 40 as shown in
One of the hangers 36 of the turbine blade track 28 is formed to include the aperture 46 having a diameter D as shown in
The insert 48 includes a liner 50 and a retention flange 52 coupled to and extending outwardly from the liner 50 as shown in
The insert 48 is positioned in the aperture 46 such that the liner 50 is entirely received in the aperture 46 as shown in
The retaining flange 52 is illustratively sized to withstand pressure from the hot, high-pressure gases that is applied to the relatively-high pressure side of the blade track 28. Specifically, the retaining flange 52 has a uniform thickness that resists shearing of the retaining flange 52 when pressure is applied to the relatively-high pressure side of the blade track 28. In other embodiments, the retaining flange 52 may be tapered or chamfered.
The insert 48 is formed to include a passageway 54 that extends through the liner 50 and the retaining flange 52 when the insert 48 is positioned in the aperture 46 as shown in
Referring now to
In addition, in each of the embodiments described above, the insert 48 may be constructed from a material having a substantially non-homogenous composition. In one example, the insert 48 may include a composite braided tube suspended in a matrix material (e.g. ceramic matrix). In other examples, the insert 48 may comprise a fiber reinforced oxide or a particulate reinforced composite. In any case, for each of above-described embodiments, the insert 48 is made from a material providing an environmental barrier that prevents gasses from interacting with the ceramic blade track 28 and thereby compromising the mechanical integrity of the blade track 28.
A bond layer 56 is located between the liner 50 and portions of the side wall 47 which defines the aperture 46 as indicated above and shown in
The bond layer 56 is illustratively made of a silicon-containing braze material. For example, the bond layer 56 may be made of a silicon-metal silicide braze material. In other embodiments, the bond layer 56 may be made of a silicon-containing cement material. For example, the bond layer 56 may be made of a cement formed from a silicon-based slurry or from a pre-ceramic polymer that yields silica, silicate, or silicon oxycarbide. In yet another embodiment, the bond layer 56 may be made of a material including calcium aluminate.
Though not shown in the figures, the insert 48 may be coupled to the one of the hangers 36 without the use of an adhesive agent. For instance, the insert 48 may be constructed from a material having a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the one of the ceramic hangers 36. Once the insert 48 is positioned in the aperture 46, exposure of the insert 48 and the one of the hangers 36 to engine operating temperatures may cause the insert 48 to expand, thereby urging the liner 50 against the side wall 47. As a result of expanding, the diameter D2 of the liner 50 may be greater than the diameter D of the aperture 46 so that an interference fit is formed between the liner 50 and the side wall 47.
Referring to
The combustor 114 includes a shell 160, the liner 158, fuel nozzles 162, and a heat shield 164 as shown in
The shell 160 of the combustor 114 illustratively includes an outer shell member 168 and an inner shell member 170 that is generally concentric with and nested inside the outer shell member 168. Each of the outer and inner shell members 168, 170 are coupled to the liner 158 as shown in
The liner 158 of the combustor 114 is illustratively assembled from a plurality of liner tiles 171-174 secured to the shell 160 by a plurality of metallic fasteners 176 as shown in
The apertures 149 extend through at least a portion of the liner tiles 171-174 as shown in
The plurality of inserts 148 are positioned in the plurality of apertures 149 as indicated above and shown in
Referring to
The insert 148 is formed to include a passageway 154 that extends through the retaining flange 152 and the liner 150 parallel to the axis 179 as shown in
One of the plurality of metallic fasteners 176 extends through the passageway 154 to couple the liner tile 172 to the inner shell member 170 as shown in
Referring to
The combustor 214 is substantially similar to the combustor 114 shown in
Unlike the liner 158 of the combustor 114, the liner 258 of the combustor 214 is illustratively assembled from a plurality of ceramic liner tiles 271-272 secured to the shell 260 by a plurality of metallic fasteners 276 as shown in
Apertures 249 extend through at least a portion of the liner tiles 271-272 as shown in
Referring to
The insert 248 is formed to include a passageway 254 that extends through the retaining flange 252 and the liner 250 parallel to the axis 289 as shown in
One of the plurality of metallic fasteners 276 extends through the passageway 254 to couple the liner tile 272 to the inner shell member 270 as shown in
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the inventions are desired to be protected. It should be understood that while the use of words such as preferable, preferably, preferred or more preferred utilized in the description above indicate that the feature so described may be more desirable, it nonetheless may not be necessary and embodiments lacking the same may be contemplated as within the scope of the invention, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims, it is intended that when words such as “a,” “an,” “at least one,” or “at least one portion” are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language “at least a portion” and/or “a portion” is used the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.
Claims
1. A turbine shroud adapted for use in a gas turbine engine, the turbine shroud comprising
- a blade track made from ceramic matrix composite materials and formed to include an aperture extending through at least a portion of the blade track, and
- an insert formed to include a passageway that extends through the aperture to conduct gasses through the aperture while blocking gasses from interacting with surfaces of the blade track that define the aperture.
2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the insert includes a liner that forms the passageway and a retention flange that extends outwardly from the liner along a side of the blade track that extends away from the aperture to block movement of the liner through the aperture away from the side of the blade track.
3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the aperture formed in the blade track is a round bore that extends along an axis and the passageway formed in the insert is coaxial with the aperture.
4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the liner has an outer diameter that is greater than a diameter of the aperture so that the insert is interference fit with the blade track.
5. The assembly of claim 3, further comprising a bond layer between the liner and a side wall that defines the aperture to couple the insert to the blade track.
6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the bond layer is made of silicon-containing braze material.
7. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the bond layer is made of a silicon-containing cement material.
8. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the insert is a monolithic component made from a substantially homogenous material.
9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the material is silicon carbide.
10. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the material is one of the following: aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, or rare earth oxide.
11. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the material is a rare earth silicate.
12. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the material is one of the following: a rare earth aluminate, an alkaline aluminosilicate, or mullite.
13. A combustor adapted for use in a gas turbine engine, the combustor comprising
- a shell made from metallic materials,
- a liner tile made from ceramic matrix composite materials that is coupled to the shell and is formed to include an aperture extending through at least a portion of the liner tile, and
- an insert formed to include a passageway that extends through the aperture to shield surfaces of the liner tile that define the aperture.
14. The combustor of claim 13, further comprising a fastener that extends through the passageway to couple the liner tile to the shell.
15. The combustor of claim 13, wherein the insert includes a liner that forms the passageway and a retention flange that extends outwardly from the liner along a side of the liner tile that extends away from the aperture to block the liner from moving through the aperture away from the side.
16. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the aperture formed in the liner tile is a round bore that extends along an axis and the passageway formed in the insert is coaxial with the aperture.
17. An assembly adapted for use in a gas turbine engine, the assembly comprising
- a component made from ceramic matrix composite materials and formed to include an aperture extending through the component from a relatively-high pressure side of the component to a relatively-low pressure side of the component, and
- an insert formed to include a passageway that extends through the aperture to conduct gasses through the aperture from the relatively-high pressure side of the component to the relatively-low pressure side of the component while blocking gasses from interacting with surfaces of the component that define the aperture.
18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the insert includes a liner that forms the passageway and a retention flange that extends outwardly from the liner along the relatively-high pressure side of the component to block the liner from moving through the aperture toward the relatively-low pressure side of the component.
19. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the aperture formed in the component is a round bore that extends along an axis and the passageway formed in the insert is coaxial with the aperture.
20. The assembly of claim 19, further comprising a fastener that extends through the passageway to couple the component to another part of the assembly.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 8, 2015
Publication Date: Feb 18, 2016
Inventors: Sean E. Landwehr (Avon, IN), Aaron D. Sippel (Zionsville, IN), Adam L. Chamberlain (Mooresville, IN)
Application Number: 14/794,460