METHODS AND POWER CONTROLLERS FOR PRIMARY SIDE CONTROL
Power controllers and related primary-side control methods are disclosed. A disclosed power controller has a comparator and an ON-triggering controller. The comparator compares a feedback voltage with an over-shot reference voltage. Based on an inductance-coupling effect, the feedback voltage represents a secondary-side voltage of a secondary winding. Coupled to the comparator, the ON-triggering controller operates a power switch at about a first switching frequency when the feedback voltage is lower than the over-shot reference voltage. The ON-triggering controller operates the power switch at about a second switching frequency when the feedback voltage exceeds the over-shot reference voltage. The second switching frequency is less than the first switching frequency.
This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/650,098, filed on Oct. 11, 2012, and all benefits of such earlier application are hereby claimed for this new continuation application.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a primary side control (PSC) switching-mode power supply (SMPS), and particularly to a PSC SMPS that has reduced output voltage jitter.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Power supplies are a necessary electronic device in most electronic products, and are used for converting battery or grid power to power required by the electronic product and having specific characteristics. In most power supplies, switching-mode power supplies have superior electrical energy conversion efficiency and smaller product dimensions, making them popular in the power supply market.
Two different control schemes are used in current switching-mode power supplies: primary side control (PSC) and secondary side control (SSC). SSC directly couples a detection circuit to an output node of a secondary winding of a power supply, then through a photo coupler, transmits a detection result to a power supply controller located on the primary side to control energy of the power supply that is to be stored and converted on the primary winding. Compared to SSC, PSC indirectly detects voltage outputted by the secondary winding through directly detecting reflected voltage on an auxiliary winding, and indirectly completes detection of output voltage on an output node of the power supply. PSC completes detection and energy conversion control on the primary side. Compared to SSC, PSC is able to lower cost, as PSC does not require the photo coupler having both greater size and cost. PSC may also have higher conversion efficiency, because PSC does not require the detection circuit on the secondary side that constantly drains energy.
Voltage divider resistors 28, 30 detect voltage VAUX of auxiliary winding AUX to provide feedback voltage VFB to feedback node FB of power supply controller 26. According to feedback voltage VFB, power supply controller 26 establishes compensation voltage VCOM on compensation capacitor 32, and controls power switch 34 according thereto.
According to an embodiment, a primary-side control method comprises providing a feedback voltage, the feedback voltage representing a secondary-side voltage of a secondary winding through an inductance-coupling effect; controlling a power switch by a first switching frequency; comparing the feedback voltage and an over-shot reference voltage; and controlling the power switch by a second switching frequency when the feedback voltage is greater than the over-shot reference voltage. The second switching frequency is lower than the first switching frequency.
According to an embodiment, a power supply controller for performing primary-side control comprises a comparator and an ON triggering controller. The comparator is for comparing a feedback voltage and an over-shot reference voltage. The feedback voltage represents a secondary-side voltage of a secondary winding through an inductance-coupling effect. The ON-triggering controller is coupled to the comparator. When the feedback voltage is lower than the over-shot reference voltage, the ON-triggering controller causes a power switch to operate at approximately a first switching frequency. When the feedback voltage is higher than the over-shot reference voltage, the ON-triggering controller causes the power switch to operate at approximately a second switching frequency. The second switching frequency is lower than the first switching frequency.
According to an embodiment, a power management system comprises a transformer, a power switch, and a power supply controller. The transformer has a primary winding, an auxiliary winding, and a secondary winding. The power switch is coupled to the primary winding for controlling an inductance current flowing through the primary winding. The power supply controller is for controlling the power switch, and comprises a feedback node, a comparator, and an ON-triggering controller. The feedback node is coupled to the auxiliary winding. The comparator is for comparing a feedback voltage and an over-shot reference voltage. The feedback voltage represents a secondary-side voltage of the secondary winding through the feedback node and the auxiliary winding. The ON-triggering controller is coupled to the comparator. The ON-triggering controller causes the power switch to operate approximately at a first switching frequency when the feedback voltage is lower than the over-shot reference voltage, and the ON-triggering controller causes the power switch to operate approximately at a second switching frequency when the feedback voltage is higher than the over-shot reference voltage. The second switching frequency is lower than the first switching frequency.
These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
In the following examples, components sharing the same reference numerals have similar or the same function, structure, and operation. Persons of ordinary skill in the art may arrive at simple alterations or modifications of the embodiments of the detailed description according to the teachings and disclosure herein without leaving the spirit of the present invention.
The power supply controller 26 of
For example, when load 24 suddenly transitions from a heavy load to a light load or no load, output voltage VOUT will suddenly rise. And, power supply controller 26 must wait for a period of time, in which transconductor 15 pulls compensation voltage VCOM down to a certain level, such that energy converted by transformer is lower than energy consumed by load 24, before output voltage VOUT can begin to fall. However, at this time, output voltage VOUT is very likely to already have exceeded the required specification of the power supply management system.
Power supply controller 26a comprises sampler 12, pulse generator 14, transconductor 15, comparator 60, oscillator 62, and pulse width controller 64.
After pulse width controller 64 turns power switch 34 off, secondary winding SEC and auxiliary winding AUX begin to release energy stored previously by primary winding PRM while power switch 34 was turned on. The time for secondary winding SEC and auxiliary winding AUX to release electrical energy is called discharge time TDIS. During discharge time TDIS, pulse generator 14 provides a short pulse to cause sampler 12 to sample feedback voltage VFB on feedback node FB. A sample result is then stored on intermediate node IFB as feedback voltage VIFB. Thus, feedback voltage VIFB approximately represents output voltage VOUT through voltage division and inductive coupling through feedback node FB, voltage divider resistors 28 and 30, auxiliary winding AUX, and secondary winding SEC.
Transconductor 15 controls compensation voltage VCOM according to feedback voltage VIFB and target voltage VREF. In some embodiments, pulse width controller 64 determines ON time TON of power switch 34 per one switching period according to compensation voltage VCOM on compensation node COMP, which is time in which power switch 34 is short circuited.
Oscillator 62 provides set signal SSET through set node SET, which periodically triggers turning on of power switch 34. Thus, switching frequency of power switch 34 is approximately equal to frequency of set signal SSET. In some embodiments, frequency of set signal SSET can be determined from compensation voltage VCOM. For example, frequency of set signal SSET can decrease with decreasing compensation voltage VCOM.
Comparator 60 compares feedback voltage VIFB and over-shot reference voltage VOS-REF. Comparison result SOV of comparator 60 affects frequency of set signal SSET provided by oscillator 62. For example, when feedback voltage VIFB is lower than over-shot reference voltage VOS-REF, comparison result SOV is logic 0, and frequency of set signal SSET may be determined solely by compensation voltage VCOM to be, for example, 60 KHz. As soon as feedback voltage VIFB exceeds over-shot reference voltage VOS-REF/comparison result SOV becomes logic 1, and frequency of set signal SSET immediately drops to be fixed at, for example, 25 KHz.
Power supply controller 26a of
Feedback voltage VIFB is periodically updated as set signal SSET periodically turns on power switch 34, so as to track current output voltage VOUT. As long as feedback voltage VIFB is lower than over-shot reference voltage VOS-REF of 2.6V, power supply controller 26a will return to normal operation, e.g. frequency of set signal SSET being determined only on by compensation voltage VCOM. So, for normal operation, power supply controller 26a and power supply controller 26 are the same, each causing feedback voltage VIFB to converge to target voltage VREF of 2.5V.
Compared to the power supply controller 26a of
Through feedback node FB, OFF time controller 66 can determine when auxiliary winding voltage VAUX drops across 0V, so-called zero crossing. OFF time controller 66 may be designed to trigger pulse width controller 64 to turn on power switch 34 through set node SET a predetermined period after auxiliary winding voltage VAUX drops across 0V. Thus, valley switching can be approximately realized. In order to avoid zero-crossing never being detected, OFF time controller 66 can be designed to forcefully trigger pulse width controller 64 to turn on power switch 34 if no zero-crossing has been detected after a maximum OFF time.
In the embodiment of
When feedback voltage VIFB is greater than over-shot reference voltage VOS-REF, comparison result SOV is logic 1, and OFF time controller 66 only triggers pulse width controller 64 to turn on power switch 34 after maximum OFF time. At this time, switching frequency of power switch 34 is necessarily lower than when operating in QR mode.
Similar to power supply controller 26a of
It is predictable that the power supply controllers of
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A primary-side control method comprising:
- providing a feedback node, coupled to an auxiliary winding;
- generating a feedback voltage by sampling the feedback node during discharging of the secondary winding;
- controlling a power switch in a first switching frequency;
- comparing the feedback voltage and an over-shot reference voltage; and
- controlling the power switch in a second switching frequency when the feedback voltage is greater than the over-shot reference voltage;
- wherein the second switching frequency is lower than the first switching frequency, and the feedback voltage represents a secondary-side voltage of the secondary winding through an inductance-coupling effect.
2. The primary-side control method of claim 1, further comprising:
- turning on the power switch if an auxiliary winding voltage of the auxiliary winding is approximately within a voltage valley, when the feedback voltage is lower than the over-shot reference voltage; and
- turning on the power switch after the power switch turned off for a maximum OFF time, when the feedback voltage is higher than the over-shot reference voltage.
3. The primary-side control method of claim 1, further comprising:
- comparing the feedback voltage and a target voltage and a target voltage to control a compensation voltage; and
- controlling ON time of the power switch according to the compensation voltage.
4. The primary-side control method of claim 1, further comprising:
- determining the first switching frequency according to the compensation voltage.
5. A power supply controller for performing primary-side control, comprising:
- a comparator for comparing a feedback voltage and an over-shot reference voltage, wherein the feedback voltage represents a secondary-side voltage of a secondary winding through an inductance-coupling effect;
- a sampler coupled between the comparator and a feedback node coupled to an auxiliary winding, the sampler sampling the feedback node to generate the feedback voltage; and
- an ON-triggering controller coupled to the comparator, wherein when the feedback voltage is lower than the over-shot reference voltage, the ON-triggering controller causes a power switch to operate at approximately a first switching frequency, and when the feedback voltage is higher than the over-shot reference voltage, the ON-triggering controller causes the power switch to operate at approximately a second switching frequency;
- wherein the second switching frequency is lower than the first switching frequency.
6. The power supply controller of claim 5, further comprising:
- a pulse generator for providing a pulse during discharging of the secondary winding for causing the sampler to sample the feedback node.
7. The power supply controller of claim 6, further comprising:
- a transconductor for comparing the feedback voltage and a target voltage to control a compensation voltage.
8. The power supply controller of claim 7, wherein the ON-triggering controller is an oscillator for providing a periodic signal to trigger turning on of the power switch, and the compensation voltage determines a switching frequency of the periodic signal.
9. The power supply controller of claim 6, wherein:
- the ON-triggering controller is an OFF time controller coupled to a feedback node;
- the OFF time controller triggers turning on of the power switch if an auxiliary winding voltage of the auxiliary winding is approximately in a voltage valley, when the feedback voltage is lower than the over-shot reference voltage; and
- the OFF time controller triggers turning on of the power switch after the power switch turned off for a maximum OFF time, when the feedback voltage is larger than the over-shot reference voltage.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 7, 2015
Publication Date: Mar 24, 2016
Inventors: Yu-Yun Huang (Hsin-Chu), Yi-Lun Shen (Hsin-Chu)
Application Number: 14/960,452