CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 14/145,364 filed Dec. 31, 2013, still pending, which is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 12/012,235, filed Jan. 31, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,658,370 issued Feb. 25, 2014, which entered the National Phase on Jan. 31, 2008, from the International PCT Application No. U.S. Ser. No. 06/029,889, filed Jul. 31, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/704,464, filed Aug. 1, 2005. The disclosures of each of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT This invention was supported by a grant under Program Project Grant P01CA76259, P01CA81534, and P30CA56036 from the National Cancer Institute. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Breast cancer is a significant health problem for women in the United States and throughout the world. Although advances have been made in the detection and treatment of the disease, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, affecting more than 180,000 women in the United States each year. For women in North America, the life-time odds of getting breast cancer are now one in eight.
No universally successful method for the treatment or prevention of breast cancer is currently available. Management of breast cancer currently relies on a combination of early diagnosis (for example, through routine breast screening procedures) and aggressive treatment, which may include one or more of a variety of treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The course of treatment for a particular breast cancer is often selected based on a variety of prognostic parameters including an analysis of specific tumor markers.
Although the discovery of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were important steps in identifying key genetic factors involved in breast cancer, it has become clear that mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for only a fraction of inherited susceptibility to breast cancer. In spite of considerable research into therapies for breast cancer, breast cancer remains difficult to diagnose and treat effectively, and the high mortality observed in breast cancer patients indicates that improvements are needed in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease.
MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by hybridizing to and triggering either translational repression or, less frequently, degradation of a messenger RNA (mRNA) target. The discovery and study of miRNAs has revealed miRNA-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms that play important roles in organismal development and various cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, cell growth and cell death. Recent studies suggest that aberrant expression of particular miRNAs may be involved in human diseases, such as neurological disorders and cancer. In particular, misexpression of miR-16-1 and/or miR-15a has been found in human chronic lymphocytic leukemias.
The development and use of microarrays containing all known human microRNAs has permitted a simultaneous analysis of the expression of every miRNA in a sample. These microRNA microarrays have not only been used to confirm that miR-16-1 is deregulated in human CLL cells, but also to generate miRNA expression signatures that are associated with well-defined clinico-pathological features of human CLL.
The use of microRNA microarrays to identify a group of microRNAs, which are differentially-expressed between normal cells and breast cancer cells (for example, an expression signature or expression profile), may help pinpoint specific miRNAs that are involved in breast cancer. Furthermore, the identification of putative targets of these miRNAs may help to unravel their pathogenic role. The present invention provides novel methods and compositions for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based, in part, on the identification of a breast cancer-specific signature of miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer cells, relative to normal control cells.
Accordingly, embodiments of the invention encompass methods of diagnosing whether a subject has, or is at risk for developing, breast cancer, comprising measuring the level of at least one miR gene product in a test sample from the subject and comparing the level of the miR gene product in the test sample to the level of a corresponding miR gene product in a control sample. An alteration (for example, an increase, a decrease) in the level of the miR gene product in the test sample, relative to the level of a corresponding miR gene product in a control sample, is indicative of the subject either having, or being at risk for developing, breast cancer. In certain embodiments, the at least one miR gene product is selected from the group consisting of miR-125b-1, miR125b-2, miR-145, miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b and combinations thereof.
The level of the at least one miR gene product can be measured using a variety of techniques that are well known to those of skill in the art. In one embodiment, the level of the at least one miR gene product is measured using Northern blot analysis. In another embodiment, the level of the at least one miR gene product is measured by reverse transcribing RNA from a test sample obtained from the subject to provide a set of target oligodeoxynucleotides, hybridizing the target oligodeoxynucleotides to a microarray that comprises miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides to provide a hybridization profile for the test sample, and comparing the test sample hybridization profile to a hybridization profile generated from a control sample. An alteration in the signal of at least one miRNA in the test sample relative to the control sample is indicative of the subject either having, or being at risk for developing, breast cancer. In a particular embodiment, the microarray comprises miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides for a substantial portion of the human miRNome. In a further embodiment, the microarray comprises miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides for one or more miRNAs selected from the group consisting of miR-145, miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b, miR-009-1 (miR131-1), miR-34 (miR-170), miR-102 (miR-29b), miR-123 (miR-126), miR-140-as, miR-125a, miR-125b-1, miR-125b-2, miR-194, miR-204, miR-213, let-7a-2, let-7a-3, let-7d (let-7d-v1), let-7f-2, let-7i (let-7d-v2), miR-101-1, miR-122a, miR-128b, miR-136, miR-143, miR-149, miR-191, miR-196-1, miR-196-2, miR-202, miR-203, miR-205, miR-206, miR-210 and combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the invention also provide methods of diagnosing a breast cancer associated with one or more prognostic markers, comprising measuring the level of at least one miR gene product in a breast cancer test sample from a subject and comparing the level of the at least one miR gene product in the breast cancer test sample to the level of a corresponding miR gene product in a control sample. The breast cancer can be associated with one or more adverse prognostic markers associated with breast cancer, such as, but not limited to, estrogen receptor expression, progesterone receptor expression, positive lymph node metastasis, high proliferative index, detectable p53 expression, advanced tumor stage, and high vascular invasion. In one embodiment, the level of the at least one miR gene product is measured by reverse transcribing RNA from a test sample obtained from the subject to provide a set of target oligodeoxynucleotides, hybridizing the target oligodeoxynucleotides to a microarray that comprises miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides to provide a hybridization profile for the test sample, and comparing the test sample hybridization profile to a hybridization profile generated from a control sample. An alteration in the signal of at least one miRNA in the test sample relative to the control sample is indicative of the subject either having, or being at risk for developing, a breast cancer associated with the one or more prognostic markers. In a particular embodiment, the microarray comprises at least one miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotide for a miRNA selected from the group consisting of miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-102 (miR-29b), miR-30a-5p, miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-185, miR-191, miR-206, miR-212, let-7c, miR-9-2, miR-15-a, miR-21, miR-30a-s, miR-133a-1, miR-137, miR-153-2, miR-154, miR-181a, miR-203, miR-213, let-7f-1, let-7a-3, let-7a-2, miR-9-3, miR-10b, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-123, miR-205, let-7d, miR-145, miR-16a, miR-128b and combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the invention also encompass methods of treating breast cancer in a subject, wherein at least one miR gene product is de-regulated (for example, down-regulated, up-regulated) in the cancer cells of the subject. When the at least one isolated miR gene product is down-regulated in the breast cancer cells, the method comprises administering an effective amount of the at least one isolated miR gene product, such that proliferation of cancer cells in the subject is inhibited. In one embodiment, the method comprises administering an effective amount of the at least one isolated miR gene product, provided that the miR gene is not miR-15a or miR-16-1, such that proliferation of cancer cells in the subject is inhibited. When the at least one isolated miR gene product is up-regulated in the cancer cells, the method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one compound for inhibiting expression of the at least one miR gene, such that proliferation of breast cancer cells is inhibited.
In related embodiments, the invention provides methods of treating breast cancer in a subject, comprising determining the amount of at least one miR gene product in breast cancer cells from the subject, relative to control cells. If expression of the miR gene product is deregulated in breast cancer cells, the methods further comprise altering the amount of the at least one miR gene product expressed in the breast cancer cells. If the amount of the miR gene product expressed in the cancer cells is less than the amount of the miR gene product expressed in control cells, the method comprises administering an effective amount of at least one isolated miR gene product. In one embodiment, the miR gene product is not miR-15a or miR-16-1. If the amount of the miR gene product expressed in the cancer cells is greater than the amount of the miR gene product expressed in control cells, the method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one compound for inhibiting expression of the at least one miR gene. In one embodiment, the miR gene product is not miR-15a or miR-16-1.
The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions for treating breast cancer. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions comprise at least one isolated miR gene product and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. In a particular embodiment, the at least one miR gene product corresponds to a miR gene product that has a decreased level of expression in breast cancer cells relative to suitable control cells. In certain embodiments the isolated miR gene product is selected from the group consisting of miR-145, miR-10b, miR-123 (miR-126), miR-140-as, miR-125a, miR-125b-1, miR-125b-2, miR-194, miR-204, let-7a-2, let-7a-3, let-7d (let-7d-v1), let-7f-2, miR-101-1, miR-143 and combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise at least one miR expression inhibition compound. In a particular embodiment, the at least one miR expression inhibition compound is specific for a miR gene whose expression is greater in breast cancer cells than control cells. In certain embodiments, the miR expression inhibition compound is specific for one or more miR gene products selected from the group consisting of miR-21, miR-155, miR-009-1 (miR131-1), miR-34 (miR-170), miR-102 (miR-29b), miR-213, let-7i (let-7d-v2), miR-122a, miR-128b, miR-136, miR-149, miR-191, miR-196-1, miR-196-2, miR-202, miR-203, miR-206, miR-210, miR-213 and combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the invention also encompass methods of identifying an anti-breast cancer agent, comprising providing a test agent to a cell and measuring the level of at least one miR gene product in the cell. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a test agent to a cell and measuring the level of at least one miR gene product associated with decreased expression levels in breast cancer cells. An increase in the level of the miR gene product in the cell, relative to a suitable control cell, is indicative of the test agent being an anti-breast cancer agent. In a particular embodiment, the at least one miR gene product associated with decreased expression levels in breast cancer cells is selected from the group consisting of miR-145, miR-10b, miR-123 (miR-126), miR-140-as, miR-125a, miR-125b-1, miR-125b-2, miR-194, miR-204, let-7a-2, let-7a-3, let-7d (let-7d-v1), let-7f-2, miR-101-1, miR-143 and combinations thereof.
In other embodiments the method comprises providing a test agent to a cell and measuring the level of at least one miR gene product associated with increased expression levels in breast cancer cells. A decrease in the level of the miR gene product in the cell, relative to a suitable control cell, is indicative of the test agent being an anti-breast cancer agent. In a particular embodiment, at least one miR gene product associated with increased expression levels in breast cancer cells is selected from the group consisting of miR-21, miR-155, miR-009-1 (miR131-1), miR-34 (miR-170), miR-102 (miR-29b), miR-213, let-7i (let-7d-v2), miR-122a, miR-128b, miR-136, miR-149, miR-191, miR-196-1, miR-196-2, miR-202, miR-203, miR-206, miR-210, miR-213 and combinations thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
FIG. 1 depicts a tree generated by cluster analysis showing a separation of breast cancer from normal tissues on the basis of differential microRNA expression (P<0.05). The bar at the bottom of the figure indicates the group of cancer (red) or normal breast tissues (yellow).
FIG. 2 is a graph depicting the probability (0.0 to 1.0) of each sample being a cancerous or normal tissue based on PAM analysis. All breast cancer and normal tissues were correctly predicted by the miR signature shown in Table 2.
FIG. 3A is a Northern blot depicting the expression level of miR-125b, using a miR-125b complementary probe, in a normal sample, as well as several tumor samples from breast cancer patients (P). The U6 probe was used for normalization of expression levels for each sample.
FIG. 3B is a Northern blot depicting the expression level of miR-145, using a miR-145 complementary probe, in a normal sample, as well as several tumor samples from breast cancer patients (P). The U6 probe was used for normalization of expression levels for each sample.
FIG. 3C is a Northern blot depicting the expression level of miR-21, using a miR-21 complementary probe, in a normal sample, as well as several tumor samples from breast cancer patients (labeled as numbered patients). The U6 probe was used for normalization of expression levels for each sample.
FIG. 3D is a Northern blot depicting the expression levels of microRNAs miR-125b, miR-145 and miR-21 in various breast cancer cell lines. The expression level of each microRNA was also determined in a sample from normal tissues. The U6 probe was used for normalization of expression levels for each sample.
FIG. 4A is a table listing miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer samples associated with the presence (ER+) or absence (ER−) of estrogen receptor.
FIG. 4B is a table listing miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer samples associated with the presence (PR+) or absence (PR−) of progesterone receptor.
FIG. 4C is a table listing miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer samples associated with stage 1 (pT1) or stage 2 or 3 (pT2-3) tumors.
FIG. 4D is a table listing miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer samples associated with the presence (pN0) or absence (pN10+) of lymph node metastasis.
FIG. 4E is a table listing miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer samples associated with the presence or absence of vascular invasion.
FIG. 4F is a table listing miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer samples associated with a high (MIB-1>30) or low (MIB-1<20) proliferative index (PI).
FIG. 4G is a table listing miRNAs that are differentially-expressed in breast cancer samples associated with positive (p53+) or negative (p53−) immunostaining of p53.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based, in part, on the identification of particular miRNAs whose expression is altered in breast cancer cells relative to normal control cells, and microRNAs whose expression is altered in breast cancer cells associated with particular prognostic features, relative to breast cancer cells lacking such features.
As used herein interchangeably, a “miR gene product,” “microRNA,” “miR,” or “miRNA” refers to the unprocessed or processed RNA transcript from an miR gene. As the miR gene products are not translated into protein, the term “miR gene products” does not include proteins. The unprocessed miR gene transcript is also called an “miR precursor,” and typically comprises an RNA transcript of about 70-100 nucleotides in length. The miR precursor can be processed by digestion with an RNAse (for example, Dicer, Argonaut, or RNAse III, for example, E. coli RNAse III)) into an active 19-25 nucleotide RNA molecule. This active 19-25 nucleotide RNA molecule is also called the “processed” miR gene transcript or “mature” miRNA.
The active 19-25 nucleotide RNA molecule can be obtained from the miR precursor through natural processing routes (for example, using intact cells or cell lysates) or by synthetic processing routes (for example, using isolated processing enzymes, such as isolated Dicer, Argonaut, or RNAase III). It is understood that the active 19-25 nucleotide RNA molecule can also be produced directly by biological or chemical synthesis, without having been processed from the miR precursor.
The sequences of 187 miR gene products are provided in Table 1. All nucleic acid sequences herein are given in the 5′ to 3′ direction. In addition, genes are represented by italics, and gene products are represented by normal type; for example, mir-17 is the gene and miR-17 is the gene product.
The present invention encompasses methods of diagnosing whether a subject has, or is at risk for developing, breast cancer, comprising measuring the level of at least one miR gene product in a test sample from the subject and comparing the level of the miR gene product in the test sample to the level of a corresponding miR gene product in a control sample. As used herein, a “subject” can be any mammal that has, or is suspected of having, breast cancer. In a particular embodiment, the subject is a human who has, or is suspected of having, breast cancer.
The breast cancer can be any form of breast cancer and may be associated with one or more prognostic markers or features, including, but not limited to, estrogen receptor expression, progesterone receptor expression, lymph node metastasis, high proliferative index, detectable p53 expression, advanced tumor stage, and high vascular invasion. The prognostic marker can be associated with an adverse or negative prognosis, or it may be associated with a good or positive prognosis.
TABLE 1
Human miR Gene Product Sequences
Precursor Sequence SEQ ID
Name (5′ to 3′)* NO.
hsa-let- CACTGTGGGATGAGGTAGTAGGTT 1
7a-1-prec GTATAGTTTTAGGGTCACACCCAC
CACTGGGAGATAACTATACAATCT
ACTGTCTTTCCTAACGTG
hsa-let- AGGTTGAGGTAGTAGGTTGTATAG 2
7a-2-prec TTTAGAATTACATCAAGGGAGATA
ACTGTACAGCCTCCTAGCTTTCCT
hsa-let- GGGTGAGGTAGTAGGTTGTATAGT 3
7a-3-prec TTGGGGCTCTGCCCTGCTATGGGA
TAACTATACAATCTACTGTCTTTC
CT
hsa-let- GTGACTGCATGCTCCCAGGTTGAG 4
7a-4-prec GTAGTAGGTTGTATAGTTTAGAAT
TACACAAGGGAGATAACTGTACAG
CCTCCTAGCTTTCCTTGGGTCTTG
CACTAAACAAC
hsa-let- GGCGGGGTGAGGTAGTAGGTTGTG 5
7b-prec TGGTTTCAGGGCAGTGATGTTGCC
CCTCGGAAGATAACTATACAACCT
ACTGCCTTCCCTG
hsa-let- GCATCCGGGTTGAGGTAGTAGGTT 6
7c-prec GTATGGTTTAGAGTTACACCCTGG
GAGTTAACTGTACAACCTTCTAGC
TTTCCTTGGAGC
hsa-let- CCTAGGAAGAGGTAGTAGGTTGCA 7
7d-prec TAGTTTTAGGGCAGGGATTTTGCC
CACAAGGAGGTAACTATACGACCT
GCTGCCTTTCTTAGG
hsa-let- CTAGGAAGAGGTAGTAGTTTGCAT 8
7d-v1-prec AGTTTTAGGGCAAAGATTTTGCCC
ACAAGTAGTTAGCTATACGACCTG
CAGCCTTTTGTAG
hsa-let- CTGGCTGAGGTAGTAGTTTGTGCT 9
7d-v2-prec GTTGGTCGGGTTGTGACATTGCCC
GCTGTGGAGATAACTGCGCAAGCT
ACTGCCTTGCTAG
hsa-let- CCCGGGCTGAGGTAGGAGGTTGTA 10
7e-prec TAGTTGAGGAGGACACCCAAGGAG
ATCACTATACGGCCTCCTAGCTTT
CCCCAGG
hsa-let- TCAGAGTGAGGTAGTAGATTGTAT 11
7f-1-prec AGTTGTGGGGTAGTGATTTTACCC
TGTTCAGGAGATAACTATACAATC
TATTGCCTTCCCTGA
hsa-let- CTGTGGGATGAGGTAGTAGATTGT 12
7f-2-prec ATAGTTGTGGGGTAGTGATTTTAC
CCTGTTCAGGAGATAACTATACAA
TCTATTGCCTTCCCTGA
hsa-let- CTGTGGGATGAGGTAGTAGATTGT 13
7f-2-prec ATAGTTTTAGGGTCATACCCCATC
TTGGAGATAACTATACAGTCTACT
GTCTTTCCCACGG
hsa-let- TTGCCTGATTCCAGGCTGAGGTAG 14
7g-prec TAGTTTGTACAGTTTGAGGGTCTA
TGATACCACCCGGTACAGGAGATA
ACTGTACAGGCCACTGCCTTGCCA
GGAACAGCGCGC
hsa-let- CTGGCTGAGGTAGTAGTTTGTGCT 15
7i-prec GTTGGTCGGGTTGTGACATTGCCC
GCTGTGGAGATAACTGCGCAAGCT
ACTGCCTTGCTAG
hsa-mir- ACCTACTCAGAGTACATACTTCTT 16
001b-1-prec TATGTACCCATATGAACATACAAT
GCTATGGAATGTAAAGAAGTATGT
ATTTTTGGTAGGC
hsa-mir- CAGCTAACAACTTAGTAATACCTA 17
001b-1-prec CTCAGAGTACATACTTCTTTATGT
ACCCATATGAACATACAATGCTAT
GGAATGTAAAGAAGTATGTATTTT
TGGTAGGCAATA
hsa-mir- GCCTGCTTGGGAAACATACTTCTT 18
001b-2-prec TATATGCCCATATGGACCTGCTAA
GCTATGGAATGTAAAGAAGTATGT
ATCTCAGGCCGGG
hsa-mir- TGGGAAACATACTTCTTTATATGC 19
001b-prec CCATATGGACCTGCTAAGCTATGG
AATGTAAAGAAGTATGTATCTCA
hsa-mir- ACCTACTCAGAGTACATACTTCTT 20
001d-prec TATGTACCCATATGAACATACAAT
GCTATGGAATGTAAAGAAGTATGT
ATTTTTGGTAGGC
hsa-mir- TGGATGTTGGCCTAGTTCTGTGTG 21
007-1 GAAGACTAGTGATTTTGTTGTTTT
TAGATAACTAAATCGACAACAAAT
CACAGTCTGCCATATGGCACAGGC
CATGCCTCTACA
hsa-mir- TTGGATGTTGGCCTAGTTCTGTGT 22
007-1-prec GGAAGACTAGTGATTTTGTTGTTT
TTAGATAACTAAATCGACAACAAA
TCACAGTCTGCCATATGGCACAGG
CCATGCCTCTACAG
hsa-mir- CTGGATACAGAGTGGACCGGCTGG 23
007-2 CCCCATCTGGAAGACTAGTGATTT
TGTTGTTGTCTTACTGCGCTCAAC
AACAAATCCCAGTCTACCTAATGG
TGCCAGCCATCGCA
hsa-mir- CTGGATACAGAGTGGACCGGCTGG 24
007-2-prec CCCCATCTGGAAGACTAGTGATTT
TGTTGTTGTCTTACTGCGCTCAAC
AACAAATCCCAGTCTACCTAATGG
TGCCAGCCATCGCA
hsa-mir- AGATTAGAGTGGCTGTGGTCTAGT 25
007-3 GCTGTGTGGAAGACTAGTGATTTT
GTTGTTCTGATGTACTACGACAAC
AAGTCACAGCCGGCCTCATAGCGC
AGACTCCCTTCGAC
hsa-mir- AGATTAGAGTGGCTGTGGTCTAGT 26
007-3-prec GCTGTGTGGAAGACTAGTGATTTT
GTTGTTCTGATGTACTACGACAAC
AAGTCACAGCCGGCCTCATAGCGC
AGACTCCCTTCGAC
hsa-mir- CGGGGTTGGTTGTTATCTTTGGTT 27
009-1 ATCTAGCTGTATGAGTGGTGTGGA
GTCTTCATAAAGCTAGATAACCGA
AAGTAAAAATAACCCCA
hsa-mir- GGAAGCGAGTTGTTATCTTTGGTT 28
009-2 ATCTAGCTGTATGAGTGTATTGGT
CTTCATAAAGCTAGATAACCGAAA
GTAAAAACTCCTTCA
hsa-mir- GGAGGCCCGTTTCTCTCTTTGGTT 29
009-3 ATCTAGCTGTATGAGTGCCACAGA
GCCGTCATAAAGCTAGATAACCGA
AAGTAGAAATGATTCTCA
hsa-mir- GATCTGTCTGTCTTCTGTATATAC 30
010a-prec CCTGTAGATCCGAATTTGTGTAAG
GAATTTTGTGGTCACAAATTCGTA
TCTAGGGGAATATGTAGTTGACAT
AAACACTCCGCTCT
hsa-mir- CCAGAGGTTGTAACGTTGTCTATA 31
010b-prec TATACCCTGTAGAACCGAATTTGT
GTGGTATCCGTATAGTCACAGATT
CGATTCTAGGGGAATATATGGTCG
ATGCAAAAACTTCA
hsa-mir- GCGCGAATGTGTGTTTAAAAAAAA 32
015a-2-prec TAAAACCTTGGAGTAAAGTAGCAG
CACATAATGGTTTGTGGATTTTGA
AAAGGTGCAGGCCATATTGTGCTG
CCTCAAAAATAC
hsa-mir- CCTTGGAGTAAAGTAGCAGCACAT 33
015a-prec AATGGTTTGTGGATTTTGAAAAGG
TGCAGGCCATATTGTGCTGCCTCA
AAAATACAAGG
hsa-mir- CTGTAGCAGCACATCATGGTTTAC 34
015b-prec ATGCTACAGTCAAGATGCGAATCA
TTATTTGCTGCTCTAG
hsa-mir- TTGAGGCCTTAAAGTACTGTAGCA 35
015b-prec GCACATCATGGTTTACATGCTACA
GTCAAGATGCGAATCATTATTTGC
TGCTCTAGAAATTTAAGGAAATTC
AT
hsa-mir- GTCAGCAGTGCCTTAGCAGCACGT 36
016a-chr13 AAATATTGGCGTTAAGATTCTAAA
ATTATCTCCAGTATTAACTGTGCT
GCTGAAGTAAGGTTGAC
hsa-mir- GTTCCACTCTAGCAGCACGTAAAT 37
016b-chr3 ATTGGCGTAGTGAAATATATATTA
AACACCAATATTACTGTGCTGCTT
TAGTGTGAC
hsa-mir- GCAGTGCCTTAGCAGCACGTAAAT 38
016-prec-13 ATTGGCGTTAAGATTCTAAAATTA
TCTCCAGTATTAACTGTGCTGCTG
AAGTAAGGT
hsa-mir- GTCAGAATAATGTCAAAGTGCTTA 39
017-prec CAGTGCAGGTAGTGATATGTGCAT
CTACTGCAGTGAAGGCACTTGTAG
CATTATGGTGAC
hsa-mir- TGTTCTAAGGTGCATCTAGTGCAG 40
018-prec ATAGTGAAGTAGATTAGCATCTAC
TGCCCTAAGTGCTCCTTCTGGCA
hsa-mir- TTTTTGTTCTAAGGTGCATCTAGT 41
018-prec-13 GCAGATAGTGAAGTAGATTAGCAT
CTACTGCCCTAAGTGCTCCTTCTG
GCATAAGAA
hsa-mir- GCAGTCCTCTGTTAGTTTTGCATA 42
019a-prec GTTGCACTACAAGAAGAATGTAGT
TGTGCAAATCTATGCAAAACTGAT
GGTGGCCTGC
hsa-mir- CAGTCCTCTGTTAGTTTTGCATAG 43
019a-prec-13 TTGCACTACAAGAAGAATGTAGTT
GTGCAAATCTATGCAAAACTGATG
GTGGCCTG
hsa-mir- CACTGTTCTATGGTTAGTTTTGCA 44
019b-1-prec GGTTTGCATCCAGCTGTGTGATAT
TCTGCTGTGCAAATCCATGCAAAA
CTGACTGTGGTAGTG
hsa-mir- ACATTGCTACTTACAATTAGTTTT 45
019b-2-prec GCAGGTTTGCATTTCAGCGTATAT
ATGTATATGTGGCTGTGCAAATCC
ATGCAAAACTGATTGTGATAATGT
hsa-mir- TTCTATGGTTAGTTTTGCAGGTTT 46
019b-prec-13 GCATCCAGCTGTGTGATATTCTGC
TGTGCAAATCCATGCAAAACTGAC
TGTGGTAG
hsa-mir- TTACAATTAGTTTTGCAGGTTTGC 47
019b-prec-X ATTTCAGCGTATATATGTATATGT
GGCTGTGCAAATCCATGCAAAACT
GATTGTGAT
hsa-mir- GTAGCACTAAAGTGCTTATAGTGC 48
020-prec AGGTAGTGTTTAGTTATCTACTGC
ATTATGAGCACTTAAAGTACTGC
hsa-mir- TGTCGGGTAGCTTATCAGACTGAT 49
021-prec GTTGACTGTTGAATCTCATGGCAA
CACCAGTCGATGGGCTGTCTGACA
hsa-mir- ACCTTGTCGGGTAGCTTATCAGAC 50
021-prec-17 TGATGTTGACTGTTGAATCTCATG
GCAACACCAGTCGATGGGCTGTCT
GACATTTTG
hsa-mir- GGCTGAGCCGCAGTAGTTCTTCAG 51
022-prec TGGCAAGCTTTATGTCCTGACCCA
GCTAAAGCTGCCAGTTGAAGAACT
GTTGCCCTCTGCC
hsa-mir- GGCCGGCTGGGGTTCCTGGGGATG 52
023a-prec GGATTTGCTTCCTGTCACAAATCA
CATTGCCAGGGATTTCCAACCGAC
C
hsa-mir- CTCAGGTGCTCTGGCTGCTTGGGT 53
023b-prec TCCTGGCATGCTGATTTGTGACTT
AAGATTAAAATCACATTGCCAGGG
ATTACCACGCAACCACGACCTTGG
C
hsa-mir- CCACGGCCGGCTGGGGTTCCTGGG 54
023-prec-19 GATGGGATTTGCTTCCTGTCACAA
ATCACATTGCCAGGGATTTCCAAC
CGACCCTGA
hsa-mir- CTCCGGTGCCTACTGAGCTGATAT 55
024-1-prec CAGTTCTCATTTTACACACTGGCT
CAGTTCAGCAGGAACAGGAG
hsa-mir- CTCTGCCTCCCGTGCCTACTGAGC 56
024-2-prec TGAAACACAGTTGGTTTGTGTACA
CTGGCTCAGTTCAGCAGGAACAGG
G
hsa-mir- CCCTGGGCTCTGCCTCCCGTGCCT 57
024-prec-19 ACTGAGCTGAAACACAGTTGGTTT
GTGTACACTGGCTCAGTTCAGCAG
GAACAGGGG
hsa-mir- CCCTCCGGTGCCTACTGAGCTGAT 58
024-prec-9 ATCAGTTCTCATTTTACACACTGG
CTCAGTTCAGCAGGAACAGCATC
hsa-mir- GGCCAGTGTTGAGAGGCGGAGACT 59
025-prec TGGGCAATTGCTGGACGCTGCCCT
GGGCATTGCACTTGTCTCGGTCTG
ACAGTGCCGGCC
hsa-mir- AGGCCGTGGCCTCGTTCAAGTAAT 60
026a-prec CCAGGATAGGCTGTGCAGGTCCCA
ATGGCCTATCTTGGTTACTTGCAC
GGGGACGCGGGCCT
hsa-mir- CCGGGACCCAGTTCAAGTAATTCA 61
026b-prec GGATAGGTTGTGTGCTGTCCAGCC
TGTTCTCCATTACTTGGCTCGGGG
ACCGG
hsa-mir- CTGAGGAGCAGGGCTTAGCTGCTT 62
027a-prec GTGAGCAGGGTCCACACCAAGTCG
TGTTCACAGTGGCTAAGTTCCGCC
CCCCAG
hsa-mir- AGGTGCAGAGCTTAGCTGATTGGT 63
027b-prec GAACAGTGATTGGTTTCCGCTTTG
TTCACAGTGGCTAAGTTCTGCACC
T
hsa-mir- ACCTCTCTAACAAGGTGCAGAGCT 64
027b-prec TAGCTGATTGGTGAACAGTGATTG
GTTTCCGCTTTGTTCACAGTGGCT
AAGTTCTGCACCTGAAGAGAAGGT
G
hsa-mir- CCTGAGGAGCAGGGCTTAGCTGCT 65
027-prec-19 TGTGAGCAGGGTCCACACCAAGTC
GTGTTCACAGTGGCTAAGTTCCGC
CCCCCAGG
hsa-mir- GGTCCTTGCCCTCAAGGAGCTCAC 66
028-prec AGTCTATTGAGTTACCTTTCTGAC
TTTCCCACTAGATTGTGAGCTCCT
GGAGGGCAGGCACT
hsa-mir- CCTTCTGTGACCCCTTAGAGGATG 67
029a-2 ACTGATTTCTTTTGGTGTTCAGAG
TCAATATAATTTTCTAGCACCATC
TGAAATCGGTTATAATGATTGGGG
AAGAGCACCATG
hsa-mir- ATGACTGATTTCTTTTGGTGTTCA 68
029a-prec GAGTCAATATAATTTTCTAGCACC
ATCTGAAATCGGTTAT
hsa-mir- ACCACTGGCCCATCTCTTACACAG 69
029c-prec GCTGACCGATTTCTCCTGGTGTTC
AGAGTCTGTTTTTGTCTAGCACCA
TTTGAAATCGGTTATGATGTAGGG
GGAAAAGCAGCAGC
hsa-mir- GCGACTGTAAACATCCTCGACTGG 70
030a-prec AAGCTGTGAAGCCACAGATGGGCT
TTCAGTCGGATGTTTGCAGCTGC
hsa-mir- ATGTAAACATCCTACACTCAGCTG 71
030b-prec TAATACATGGATTGGCTGGGAGGT
GGATGTTTACGT
hsa-mir- ACCAAGTTTCAGTTCATGTAAACA 72
030b-prec TCCTACACTCAGCTGTAATACATG
GATTGGCTGGGAGGTGGATGTTTA
CTTCAGCTGACTTGGA
hsa-mir- AGATACTGTAAACATCCTACACTC 73
030c-prec TCAGCTGTGGAAAGTAAGAAAGCT
GGGAGAAGGCTGTTTACTCTTTCT
hsa-mir- GTTGTTGTAAACATCCCCGACTGG 74
030d-prec AAGCTGTAAGACACAGCTAAGCTT
TCAGTCAGATGTTTGCTGCTAC
hsa-mir- GGAGAGGAGGCAAGATGCTGGCAT 75
031-prec AGCTGTTGAACTGGGAACCTGCTA
TGCCAACATATTGCCATCTTTCC
hsa-mir- GGAGATATTGCACATTACTAAGTT 76
032-prec GCATGTTGTCACGGCCTCAATGCA
ATTTAGTGTGTGTGATATTTTC
hsa-mir- GGGGGCCGAGAGAGGCGGGCGGCC 77
033b-prec CCGCGGTGCATTGCTGTTGCATTG
CACGTGTGTGAGGCGGGTGCAGTG
CCTCGGCAGTGCAGCCCGGAGCCG
GCCCCTGGCACCAC
hsa-mir- CTGTGGTGCATTGTAGTTGCATTG 78
033-prec CATGTTCTGGTGGTACCCATGCAA
TGTTTCCACAGTGCATCACAG
hsa-mir- GGCCAGCTGTGAGTGTTTCTTTGG 79
034-prec CAGTGTCTTAGCTGGTTGTTGTGA
GCAATAGTAAGGAAGCAATCAGCA
AGTATACTGCCCTAGAAGTGCTGC
ACGTTGTGGGGCCC
hsa-mir- TCAGAATAATGTCAAAGTGCTTAC 80
091-prec-13 AGTGCAGGTAGTGATATGTGCATC
TACTGCAGTGAAGGCACTTGTAGC
ATTATGGTGA
hsa-mir- CTTTCTACACAGGTTGGGATCGGT 81
092-prec-13 = TGCAATGCTGTGTTTCTGTATGGT
092-1 ATTGCACTTGTCCCGGCCTGTTGA
GTTTGG
hsa-mir- TCATCCCTGGGTGGGGATTTGTTG 82
092-prec-X = CATTACTTGTGTTCTATATAAAGT
092-2 ATTGCACTTGTCCCGGCCTGTGGA
AGA
hsa-mir- CTGGGGGCTCCAAAGTGCTGTTCG 83
093-prec-7.1 = TGCAGGTAGTGTGATTACCCAACC
093-1 TACTGCTGAGCTAGCACTTCCCGA
GCCCCCGG
hsa-mir- CTGGGGGCTCCAAAGTGCTGTTCG 84
093-prec-7.2 = TGCAGGTAGTGTGATTACCCAACC
093-2 TACTGCTGAGCTAGCACTTCCCGA
GCCCCCGG
hsa-mir- AACACAGTGGGCACTCAATAAATG 85
095-prec-4 TCTGTTGAATTGAAATGCGTTACA
TTCAACGGGTATTTATTGAGCACC
CACTCTGTG
hsa-mir- TGGCCGATTTTGGCACTAGCACAT 86
096-prec-7 TTTTGCTTGTGTCTCTCCGCTCTG
AGCAATCATGTGCAGTGCCAATAT
GGGAAA
hsa-mir- GTGAGGTAGTAAGTTGTATTGTTG 87
098-prec-X TGGGGTAGGGATATTAGGCCCCAA
TTAGAAGATAACTATACAACTTAC
TACTTTCC
hsa-mir- GGCACCCACCCGTAGAACCGACCT 88
099b-prec-19 TGCGGGGCCTTCGCCGCACACAAG
CTCGTGTCTGTGGGTCCGTGTC
hsa-mir- CCCATTGGCATAAACCCGTAGATC 89
099-prec-21 CGATCTTGTGGTGAAGTGGACCGC
ACAAGCTCGCTTCTATGGGTCTGT
GTCAGTGTG
hsa-mir- AAGAGAGAAGATATTGAGGCCTGT 90
100-1/2-prec TGCCACAAACCCGTAGATCCGAAC
TTGTGGTATTAGTCCGCACAAGCT
TGTATCTATAGGTATGTGTCTGTT
AGGCAATCTCAC
hsa-mir- CCTGTTGCCACAAACCCGTAGATC 91
100-prec-11 CGAACTTGTGGTATTAGTCCGCAC
AAGCTTGTATCTATAGGTATGTGT
CTGTTAGG
hsa-mir- AGGCTGCCCTGGCTCAGTTATCAC 92
101-1/2-prec AGTGCTGATGCTGTCTATTCTAAA
GGTACAGTACTGTGATAACTGAAG
GATGGCAGCCATCTTACCTTCCAT
CAGAGGAGCCTCAC
hsa-mir- TCAGTTATCACAGTGCTGATGCTG 93
101-prec TCCATTCTAAAGGTACAGTACTGT
GATAACTGA
hsa-mir- TGCCCTGGCTCAGTTATCACAGTG 94
101-prec-1 CTGATGCTGTCTATTCTAAAGGTA
CAGTACTGTGATAACTGAAGGATG
GCA
hsa-mir- TGTCCTTTTTCGGTTATCATGGTA 95
101-prec-9 CCGATGCTGTATATCTGAAAGGTA
CAGTACTGTGATAACTGAAGAATG
GTG
hsa-mir- CTTCTGGAAGCTGGTTTCACATGG 96
102-prec-1 TGGCTTAGATTTTTCCATCTTTGT
ATCTAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTG
TTTTAGGAG
hsa-mir- CTTCAGGAAGCTGGTTTCATATGG 97
102-prec-7.1 TGGTTTAGATTTAAATAGTGATTG
TCTAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTGT
TCTTGGGGG
hsa-mir- CTTCAGGAAGCTGGTTTCATATGG 98
102-prec-7.2 TGGTTTAGATTTAAATAGTGATTG
TCTAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTGT
TCTTGGGGG
hsa-mir- TTGTGCTTTCAGCTTCTTTACAGT 99
103-2-prec GCTGCCTTGTAGCATTCAGGTCAA
GCAACATTGTACAGGGCTATGAAA
GAACCA
hsa-mir- TTGTGCTTTCAGCTTCTTTACAGT 100
103-prec-20 GCTGCCTTGTAGCATTCAGGTCAA
GCAACATTGTACAGGGCTATGAAA
GAACCA
hsa-mir- TACTGCCCTCGGCTTCTTTACAGT 101
103-prec-5 = GCTGCCTTGTTGCATATGGATCAA
103-1 GCAGCATTGTACAGGGCTATGAAG
GCATTG
hsa-mir- AAATGTCAGACAGCCCATCGACTG 102
104-prec-17 GTGTTGCCATGAGATTCAACAGTC
AACATCAGTCTGATAAGCTACCCG
ACAAGG
hsa-mir- TGTGCATCGTGGTCAAATGCTCAG 103
105-prec-X.1 = ACTCCTGTGGTGGCTGCTCATGCA
105-1 CCACGGATGTTTGAGCATGTGCTA
CGGTGTCTA
hsa-mir- TGTGCATCGTGGTCAAATGCTCAG 104
105-prec-X.2 = ACTCCTGTGGTGGCTGCTCATGCA
105-2 CCACGGATGTTTGAGCATGTGCTA
CGGTGTCTA
hsa-mir- CCTTGGCCATGTAAAAGTGCTTAC 105
106-prec-X AGTGCAGGTAGCTTTTTGAGATCT
ACTGCAATGTAAGCACTTCTTACA
TTACCATGG
hsa-mir- CTCTCTGCTTTCAGCTTCTTTACA 106
107-prec-10 GTGTTGCCTTGTGGCATGGAGTTC
AAGCAGCATTGTACAGGGCTATCA
AAGCACAGA
hsa-mir- CCTTAGCAGAGCTGTGGAGTGTGA 107
122a-prec CAATGGTGTTTGTGTCTAAACTAT
CAAACGCCATTATCACACTAAATA
GCTACTGCTAGGC
hsa-mir- AGCTGTGGAGTGTGACAATGGTGT 108
122a-prec TTGTGTCCAAACTATCAAACGCCA
TTATCACACTAAATAGCT
hsa-mir- ACATTATTACTTTTGGTACGCGCT 109
123-prec GTGACACTTCAAACTCGTACCGTG
AGTAATAATGCGC
hsa-mir- tccttcctCAGGAGAAAGGCCTCT 110
124a-1-prec CTCTCCGTGTTCACAGCGGACCTT
GATTTAAATGTCCATACAATTAAG
GCACGCGGTGAATGCCAAGAATGG
GGCT
hsa-mir- AGGCCTCTCTCTCCGTGTTCACAG 111
124a-1-prec CGGACCTTGATTTAAATGTCCATA
CAATTAAGGCACGCGGTGAATGCC
AAGAATGGGGCTG
hsa-mir- ATCAAGATTAGAGGCTCTGCTCTC 112
124a-2-prec CGTGTTCACAGCGGACCTTGATTT
AATGTCATACAATTAAGGCACGCG
GTGAATGCCAAGAGCGGAGCCTAC
GGCTGCACTTGAAG
hsa-mir- CCCGCCCCAGCCCTGAGGGCCCCT 113
124a-3-prec CTGCGTGTTCACAGCGGACCTTGA
TTTAATGTCTATACAATTAAGGCA
CGCGGTGAATGCCAAGAGAGGCGC
CTCCGCCGCTCCTT
hsa-mir- TGAGGGCCCCTCTGCGTGTTCACA 114
124a-3-prec GCGGACCTTGATTTAATGTCTATA
CAATTAAGGCACGCGGTGAATGCC
AAGAGAGGCGCCTCC
hsa-mir- CTCTGCGTGTTCACAGCGGACCTT 115
124a-prec GATTTAATGTCTATACAATTAAGG
CACGCGGTGAATGCCAAGAG
hsa-mir- CTCTCCGTGTTCACAGCGGACCTT 116
124b-prec GATTTAATGTCATACAATTAAGGC
ACGCGGTGAATGCCAAGAG
hsa-mir- TGCCAGTCTCTAGGTCCCTGAGAC 117
125a-prec CCTTTAACCTGTGAGGACATCCAG
GGTCACAGGTGAGGTTCTTGGGAG
CCTGGCGTCTGGCC
hsa-mir- GGTCCCTGAGACCCTTTAACCTGT 118
125a-prec GAGGACATCCAGGGTCACAGGTGA
GGTTCTTGGGAGCCTGG
hsa-mir- ACATTGTTGCGCTCCTCTCAGTCC 119
125b-1 CTGAGACCCTAACTTGTGATGTTT
ACCGTTTAAATCCACGGGTTAGGC
TCTTGGGAGCTGCGAGTCGTGCTT
TTGCATCCTGGA
hsa-mir- TGCGCTCCTCTCAGTCCCTGAGAC 120
125b-1 CCTAACTTGTGATGTTTACCGTTT
AAATCCACGGGTTAGGCTCTTGGG
AGCTGCGAGTCGTGCT
hsa-mir- ACCAGACTTTTCCTAGTCCCTGAG 121
125b-2-prec ACCCTAACTTGTGAGGTATTTTAG
TAACATCACAAGTCAGGCTCTTGG
GACCTAGGCGGAGGGGA
hsa-mir- CCTAGTCCCTGAGACCCTAACTTG 122
125b-2-prec TGAGGTATTTTAGTAACATCACAA
GTCAGGCTCTTGGGACCTAGGC
hsa-mir- CGCTGGCGACGGGACATTATTACT 123
126-prec TTTGGTACGCGCTGTGACACTTCA
AACTCGTACCGTGAGTAATAATGC
GCCGTCCACGGCA
hsa-mir- ACATTATTACTTTTGGTACGCGCT 124
126-prec GTGACACTTCAAACTCGTACCGTG
AGTAATAATGCGC
hsa-mir- TGTGATCACTGTCTCCAGCCTGCT 125
127-prec GAAGCTCAGAGGGCTCTGATTCAG
AAAGATCATCGGATCCGTCTGAGC
TTGGCTGGTCGGAAGTCTCATCAT
C
hsa-mir- CCAGCCTGCTGAAGCTCAGAGGGC 126
127-prec TCTGATTCAGAAAGATCATCGGAT
CCGTCTGAGCTTGGCTGGTCGG
hsa-mir- TGAGCTGTTGGATTCGGGGCCGTA 127
128a-prec GCACTGTCTGAGAGGTTTACATTT
CTCACAGTGAACCGGTCTCTTTTT
CAGCTGCTTC
hsa-mir- GCCCGGCAGCCACTGTGCAGTGGG 128
128b-prec AAGGGGGGCCGATACACTGTACGA
GAGTGAGTAGCAGGTCTCACAGTG
AACCGGTCTCTTTCCCTACTGTGT
CACACTCCTAATGG
hsa-mir- GTTGGATTCGGGGCCGTAGCACTG 129
128-prec TCTGAGAGGTTTACATTTCTCACA
GTGAACCGGTCTCTTTTTCAGC
hsa-mir- TGGATCTTTTTGCGGTCTGGGCTT 130
129-prec GCTGTTCCTCTCAACAGTAGTCAG
GAAGCCCTTACCCCAAAAAGTATC
TA
hsa-mir- TGCTGCTGGCCAGAGCTCTTTTCA 131
130a-prec CATTGTGCTACTGTCTGCACCTGT
CACTAGCAGTGCAATGTTAAAAGG
GCATTGGCCGTGTAGTG
hsa-mir- gccaggaggcggGGTTGGTTGTTA 132
131-1-prec TCTTTGGTTATCTAGCTGTATGAG
TGGTGTGGAGTCTTCATAAAGCTA
GATAACCGAAAGTAAAAATAACCC
CATACACTGCGCAG
hsa-mir- CACGGCGCGGCAGCGGCACTGGCT 133
131-3-prec AAGGGAGGCCCGTTTCTCTCTTTG
GTTATCTAGCTGTATGAGTGCCAC
AGAGCCGTCATAAAGCTAGATAAC
CGAAAGTAGAAATG
hsa-mir- GTTGTTATCTTTGGTTATCTAGCT 134
131-prec GTATGAGTGTATTGGTCTTCATAA
AGCTAGATAACCGAAAGTAAAAAC
hsa-mir- CCGCCCCCGCGTCTCCAGGGCAAC 135
132-prec CGTGGCTTTCGATTGTTACTGTGG
GAACTGGAGGTAACAGTCTACAGC
CATGGTCGCCCCGCAGCACGCCCA
CGCGC
hsa-mir- GGGCAACCGTGGCTTTCGATTGTT 136
132-prec ACTGTGGGAACTGGAGGTAACAGT
CTACAGCCATGGTCGCCC
hsa-mir- ACAATGCTTTGCTAGAGCTGGTAA 137
133a-1 AATGGAACCAAATCGCCTCTTCAA
TGGATTTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGC
TGTAGCTATGCATTGA
hsa-mir- GGGAGCCAAATGCTTTGCTAGAGC 138
133a-2 TGGTAAAATGGAACCAAATCGACT
GTCCAATGGATTTGGTCCCCTTCA
ACCAGCTGTAGCTGTGCATTGATG
GCGCCG
hsa-mir- GCTAGAGCTGGTAAAATGGAACCA 139
133-prec AATCGCCTCTTCAATGGATTTGGT
CCCCTTCAACCAGCTGTAGC
hsa-mir- CAGGGTGTGTGACTGGTTGACCAG 140
134-prec AGGGGCATGCACTGTGTTCACCCT
GTGGGCCACCTAGTCACCAACCCT
C
hsa-mir- AGGGTGTGTGACTGGTTGACCAGA 141
134-prec GGGGCATGCACTGTGTTCACCCTG
TGGGCCACCTAGTCACCAACCCT
hsa-mir- AGGCCTCGCTGTTCTCTATGGCTT 142
135-1-prec TTTATTCCTATGTGATTCTACTGC
TCACTCATATAGGGATTGGAGCCG
TGGCGCACGGCGGGGACA
hsa-mir- AGATAAATTCACTCTAGTGCTTTA 143
135-2-prec TGGCTTTTTATTCCTATGTGATAG
TAATAAAGTCTCATGTAGGGATGG
AAGCCATGAAATACATTGTGAAAA
ATCA
hsa-mir- CTATGGCTTTTTATTCCTATGTGA 144
135-prec TTCTACTGCTCACTCATATAGGGA
TTGGAGCCGTGG
hsa-mir- TGAGCCCTCGGAGGACTCCATTTG 145
136-prec TTTTGATGATGGATTCTTATGCTC
CATCATCGTCTCAAATGAGTCTTC
AGAGGGTTCT
hsa-mir- GAGGACTCCATTTGTTTTGATGAT 146
136-prec GGATTCTTATGCTCCATCATCGTC
TCAAATGAGTCTTC
hsa-mir- CTTCGGTGACGGGTATTCTTGGGT 147
137-prec GGATAATACGGATTACGTTGTTAT
TGCTTAAGAATACGCGTAGTCGAG
G
hsa-mir- CCCTGGCATGGTGTGGTGGGGCAG 148
138-1-prec CTGGTGTTGTGAATCAGGCCGTTG
CCAATCAGAGAACGGCTACTTCAC
AACACCAGGGCCACACCACACTAC
AGG
hsa-mir- CGTTGCTGCAGCTGGTGTTGTGAA 149
138-2-prec TCAGGCCGACGAGCAGCGCATCCT
CTTACCCGGCTATTTCACGACACC
AGGGTTGCATCA
hsa-mir- CAGCTGGTGTTGTGAATCAGGCCG 150
138-prec ACGAGCAGCGCATCCTCTTACCCG
GCTATTTCACGACACCAGGGTTG
hsa-mir- GTGTATTCTACAGTGCACGTGTCT 151
139-prec CCAGTGTGGCTCGGAGGCTGGAGA
CGCGGCCCTGTTGGAGTAAC
hsa-mir- TGTGTCTCTCTCTGTGTCCTGCCA 152
140 GTGGTTTTACCCTATGGTAGGTTA
CGTCATGCTGTTCTACCACAGGGT
AGAACCACGGACAGGATACCGGGG
CACC
hsa-mir- TCCTGCCAGTGGTTTTACCCTATG 153
140as-prec GTAGGTTACGTCATGCTGTTCTAC
CACAGGGTAGAACCACGGACAGGA
hsa-mir- CCTGCCAGTGGTTTTACCCTATGG 154
140s-prec TAGGTTACGTCATGCTGTTCTACC
ACAGGGTAGAACCACGGACAGG
hsa-mir- CGGCCGGCCCTGGGTCCATCTTCC 155
141-prec AGTACAGTGTTGGATGGTCTAATT
GTGAAGCTCCTAACACTGTCTGGT
AAAGATGGCTCCCGGGTGGGTTC
hsa-mir- GGGTCCATCTTCCAGTACAGTGTT 156
141-prec GGATGGTCTAATTGTGAAGCTCCT
AACACTGTCTGGTAAAGATGGCCC
hsa-mir- ACCCATAAAGTAGAAAGCACTACT 157
142as-prec AACAGCACTGGAGGGTGTAGTGTT
TCCTACTTTATGGATG
hsa-mir- GACAGTGCAGTCACCCATAAAGTA 158
142-prec GAAAGCACTACTAACAGCACTGGA
GGGTGTAGTGTTTCCTACTTTATG
GATGAGTGTACTGTG
hsa-mir- ACCCATAAAGTAGAAAGCACTACT 159
142s-pres AACAGCACTGGAGGGTGTAGTGTT
TCCTACTTTATGGATG
hsa-mir- GCGCAGCGCCCTGTCTCCCAGCCT 160
143-prec GAGGTGCAGTGCTGCATCTCTGGT
CAGTTGGGAGTCTGAGATGAAGCA
CTGTAGCTCAGGAAGAGAGAAGTT
GTTCTGCAGC
hsa-mir- CCTGAGGTGCAGTGCTGCATCTCT 161
143-prec GGTCAGTTGGGAGTCTGAGATGAA
GCACTGTAGCTCAGG
hsa-mir- TGGGGCCCTGGCTGGGATATCATC 162
144-prec ATATACTGTAAGTTTGCGATGAGA
CACTACAGTATAGATGATGTACTA
GTCCGGGCACCCCC
hsa-mir- GGCTGGGATATCATCATATACTGT 163
144-prec AAGTTTGCGATGAGACACTACAGT
ATAGATGATGTACTAGTC
hsa-mir- CACCTTGTCCTCACGGTCCAGTTT 164
145-prec TCCCAGGAATCCCTTAGATGCTAA
GATGGGGATTCCTGGAAATACTGT
TCTTGAGGTCATGGTT
hsa-mir- CTCACGGTCCAGTTTTCCCAGGAA 165
145-prec TCCCTTAGATGCTAAGATGGGGAT
TCCTGGAAATACTGTTCTTGAG
hsa-mir- CCGATGTGTATCCTCAGCTTTGAG 166
146-prec AACTGAATTCCATGGGTTGTGTCA
GTGTCAGACCTCTGAAATTCAGTT
CTTCAGCTGGGATATCTCTGTCAT
CGT
hsa-mir- AGCTTTGAGAACTGAATTCCATGG 167
146-prec GTTGTGTCAGTGTCAGACCTGTGA
AATTCAGTTCTTCAGCT
hsa-mir- AATCTAAAGACAACATTTCTGCAC 168
147-prec ACACACCAGACTATGGAAGCCAGT
GTGTGGAAATGCTTCTGCTAGATT
hsa-mir- GAGGCAAAGTTCTGAGACACTCCG 169
148-prec ACTCTGAGTATGATAGAAGTCAGT
GCACTACAGAACTTTGTCTC
hsa-mir- GCCGGCGCCCGAGCTCTGGCTCCG 170
149-prec TGTCTTCACTCCCGTGCTTGTCCG
AGGAGGGAGGGAGGGACGGGGGCT
GTGCTGGGGCAGCTGGA
hsa-mir- GCTCTGGCTCCGTGTCTTCACTCC 171
149-prec CGTGCTTGTCCGAGGAGGGAGGGA
GGGAC
hsa-mir- CTCCCCATGGCCCTGTCTCCCAAC 172
150-prec CCTTGTACCAGTGCTGGGCTCAGA
CCCTGGTACAGGCCTGGGGGACAG
GGACCTGGGGAC
hsa-mir- CCCTGTCTCCCAACCCTTGTACCA 173
150-prec GTGCTGGGCTCAGACCCTGGTACA
GGCCTGGGGGACAGGG
hsa-mir- CCTGCCCTCGAGGAGCTCACAGTC 174
151-prec TAGTATGTCTCATCCCCTACTAGA
CTGAAGCTCCTTGAGGACAGG
hsa-mir- TGTCCCCCCCGGCCCAGGTTCTGT 175
152-prec GATACACTCCGACTCGGGCTCTGG
AGCAGTCAGTGCATGACAGAACTT
GGGCCCGGAAGGACC
hsa-mir- GGCCCAGGTTCTGTGATACACTCC 176
152-prec GACTCGGGCTCTGGAGCAGTCAGT
GCATGACAGAACTTGGGCCCCGG
hsa-mir- CTCACAGCTGCCAGTGTCATTTTT 177
153-1-prec GTGATCTGCAGCTAGTATTCTCAC
TCCAGTTGCATAGTCACAAAAGTG
ATCATTGGCAGGTGTGGC
hsa-mir- tctctctctccctcACAGCTGCCA 178
153-1-prec GTGTCATTGTCACAAAAGTGATCA
TTGGCAGGTGTGGCTGCTGCATG
hsa-mir- AGCGGTGGCCAGTGTCATTTTTGT 179
153-2-prec GATGTTGCAGCTAGTAATATGAGC
CCAGTTGCATAGTCACAAAAGTGA
TCATTGGAAACTGTG
hsa-mir- CAGTGTCATTTTTGTGATGTTGCA 180
153-2-prec GCTAGTAATATGAGCCCAGTTGCA
TAGTCACAAAAGTGATCATTG
hsa-mir- GTGGTACTTGAAGATAGGTTATCC 181
154-prec GTGTTGCCTTCGCTTTATTTGTGA
CGAATCATACACGGTTGACCTATT
TTTCAGTACCAA
hsa-mir- GAAGATAGGTTATCCGTGTTGCCT 182
154-prec TCGCTTTATTTGTGACGAATCATA
CACGGTTGACCTATTTTT
hsa-mir- CTGTTAATGCTAATCGTGATAGGG 183
155-prec GTTTTTGCCTCCAACTGACTCCTA
CATATTAGCATTAACAG
hsa-mir- CAATGTCAGCAGTGCCTTAGCAGC 184
16-2-prec ACGTAAATATTGGCGTTAAGATTC
TAAAATTATCTCCAGTATTAACTG
TGCTGCTGAAGTAAGGTTGACCAT
ACTCTACAGTTG
hsa-mir- AGAAGGGCTATCAGGCCAGCCTTC 185
181a-prec AGAGGACTCCAAGGAACATTCAAC
GCTGTCGGTGAGTTTGGGATTTGA
AAAAACCACTGACCGTTGACTGTA
CCTTGGGGTCCTTA
hsa-mir- TGAGTTTTGAGGTTGCTTCAGTGA 186
181b-prec ACATTCAACGCTGTCGGTGAGTTT
GGAATTAAAATCAAAACCATCGAC
CGTTGATTGTACCCTATGGCTAAC
CATCATCTACTCCA
hsa-mir- CGGAAAATTTGCCAAGGGTTTGGG 187
181c-prec GGAACATTCAACCTGTCGGTGAGT
TTGGGCAGCTCAGGCAAACCATCG
ACCGTTGAGTGGACCCTGAGGCCT
GGAATTGCCATCCT
hsa-mir- GAGCTGCTTGCCTCCCCCCGTTTT 188
182-as-prec TGGCAATGGTAGAACTCACACTGG
TGAGGTAACAGGATCCGGTGGTTC
TAGACTTGCCAACTATGGGGCGAG
GACTCAGCCGGCAC
hsa-mir- TTTTTGGCAATGGTAGAACTCACA 189
182-prec CTGGTGAGGTAACAGGATCCGGTG
GTTCTAGACTTGCCAACTATGG
hsa-mir- CCGCAGAGTGTGACTCCTGTTCTG 190
183-prec TGTATGGCACTGGTAGAATTCACT
GTGAACAGTCTCAGTCAGTGAATT
ACCGAAGGGCCATAAACAGAGCAG
AGACAGATCCACGA
hsa-mir- CCAGTCACGTCCCCTTATCACTTT 191
184-prec TCCAGCCCAGCTTTGTGACTGTAA
GTGTTGGACGGAGAACTGATAAGG
GTAGGTGATTGA
hsa-mir- CCTTATCACTTTTCCAGCCCAGCT 192
184-prec TTGTGACTGTAAGTGTTGGACGGA
GAACTGATAAGGGTAGG
hsa-mir- AGGGGGCGAGGGATTGGAGAGAAA 193
185-prec GGCAGTTCCTGATGGTCCCCTCCC
CAGGGGCTGGCTTTCCTCTGGTCC
TTCCCTCCCA
hsa-mir- AGGGATTGGAGAGAAAGGCAGTTC 194
185-prec CTGATGGTCCCCTCCCCAGGGGCT
GGCTTTCCTCTGGTCCTT
hsa-mir- TGCTTGTAACTTTCCAAAGAATTC 195
186-prec TCCTTTTGGGCTTTCTGGTTTTAT
TTTAAGCCCAAAGGTGAATTTTTT
GGGAAGTTTGAGCT
hsa-mir- ACTTTCCAAAGAATTCTCCTTTTG 196
186-prec GGCTTTCTGGTTTTATTTTAAGCC
CAAAGGTGAATTTTTTGGGAAGT
hsa-mir- GGTCGGGCTCACCATGACACAGTG 197
187-prec TGAGACTCGGGCTACAACACAGGA
CCCGGGGCGCTGCTCTGACCCCTC
GTGTCTTGTGTTGCAGCCGGAGGG
ACGCAGGTCCGCA
hsa-mir- TGCTCCCTCTCTCACATCCCTTGC 198
188-prec ATGGTGGAGGGTGAGCTTTCTGAA
AACCCCTCCCACATGCAGGGTTTG
CAGGATGGCGAGCC
hsa-mir- TCTCACATCCCTTGCATGGTGGAG 199
188-prec GGTGAGCTTTCTGAAAACCCCTCC
CACATGCAGGGTTTGCAGGA
hsa-mir- CTGTCGATTGGACCCGCCCTCCGG 200
189-prec TGCCTACTGAGCTGATATCAGTTC
TCATTTTACACACTGGCTCAGTTC
AGCAGGAACAGGAGTCGAGCCCTT
GAGCAA
hsa-mir- CTCCGGTGCCTACTGAGCTGATAT 201
189-prec CAGTTCTCATTTTACACACTGGCT
CAGTTCAGCAGGAACAGGAG
hsa-mir- TGCAGGCCTCTGTGTGATATGTTT 202
190-prec GATATATTAGGTTGTTATTTAATC
CAACTATATATCAAACATATTCCT
ACAGTGTCTTGCC
hsa-mir- CTGTGTGATATGTTTGATATATTA 203
190-prec GGTTGTTATTTAATCCAACTATAT
ATCAAACATATTCCTACAG
hsa-mir- CGGCTGGACAGCGGGCAACGGAAT 204
191-prec CCCAAAAGCAGCTGTTGTCTCCAG
AGCATTCCAGCTGCGCTTGGATTT
CGTCCCCTGCTCTCCTGCCT
hsa-mir- AGCGGGCAACGGAATCCCAAAAGC 205
191-prec AGCTGTTGTCTCCAGAGCATTCCA
GCTGCGCTTGGATTTCGTCCCCTG
CT
hsa-mir- CCGAGACCGAGTGCACAGGGCTCT 206
192-2/3 GACCTATGAATTGACAGCCAGTGC
TCTCGTCTCCCCTCTGGCTGCCAA
TTCCATAGGTCACAGGTATGTTCG
CCTCAATGCCAG
hsa-mir- GCCGAGACCGAGTGCACAGGGCTC 207
192-prec TGACCTATGAATTGACAGCCAGTG
CTCTCGTCTCCCCTCTGGCTGCCA
ATTCCATAGGTCACAGGTATGTTC
GCCTCAATGCCAGC
hsa-mir- CGAGGATGGGAGCTGAGGGCTGGG 208
193-prec TCTTTGCGGGCGAGATGAGGGTGT
CGGATCAACTGGCCTACAAAGTCC
CAGTTCTCGGCCCCCG
hsa-mir- GCTGGGTCTTTGCGGGCGAGATGA 209
193-prec GGGTGTCGGATCAACTGGCCTACA
AAGTCCCAGT
hsa-mir- ATGGTGTTATCAAGTGTAACAGCA 210
194-prec ACTCCATGTGGACTGTGTACCAAT
TTCCAGTGGAGATGCTGTTACTTT
TGATGGTTACCAA
hsa-mir- GTGTAACAGCAACTCCATGTGGAC 211
194-prec TGTGTACCAATTTCCAGTGGAGAT
GCTGTTACTTTTGAT
hsa-mir- AGCTTCCCTGGCTCTAGCAGCACA 212
195-prec GAAATATTGGCACAGGGAAGCGAG
TCTGCCAATATTGGCTGTGCTGCT
CCAGGCAGGGTGGTG
hsa-mir- TAGCAGCACAGAAATATTGGCACA 213
195-prec GGGAAGCGAGTCTGCCAATATTGG
CTGTGCTGCT
hsa-mir- CTAGAGCTTGAATTGGAACTGCTG 214
196-1-prec AGTGAATTAGGTAGTTTCATGTTG
TTGGGCCTGGGTTTCTGAACACAA
CAACATTAAACCACCCGATTCACG
GCAGTTACTGCTCC
hsa-mir- GTGAATTAGGTAGTTTCATGTTGT 215
196-1-prec TGGGCCTGGGTTTCTGAACACAAC
AACATTAAACCACCCGATTCAC
hsa-mir- TGCTCGCTCAGCTGATCTGTGGCT 216
196-2-prec TAGGTAGTTTCATGTTGTTGGGAT
TGAGTTTTGAACTCGGCAACAAGA
AACTGCCTGAGTTACATCAGTCGG
TTTTCGTCGAGGGC
hsa-mir- GTGAATTAGGTAGTTTCATGTTGT 217
196-prec TGGGCCTGGGTTTCTGAACACAAC
AACATTAAACCACCCGATTCAC
hsa-mir- GGCTGTGCCGGGTAGAGAGGGCAG 218
197-prec TGGGAGGTAAGAGCTCTTCACCCT
TCACCACCTTCTCCACCCAGCATG
GCC
hsa-mir- TCATTGGTCCAGAGGGGAGATAGG 219
198-prec TTCCTGTGATTTTTCCTTCTTCTC
TATAGAATAAATGA
hsa-mir- GCCAACCCAGTGTTCAGACTACCT 220
199a-1-prec GTTCAGGAGGCTCTCAATGTGTAC
AGTAGTCTGCACATTGGTTAGGC
hsa-mir- AGGAAGCTTCTGGAGATCCTGCTC 221
199a-2-prec CGTCGCCCCAGTGTTCAGACTACC
TGTTCAGGACAATGCCGTTGTACA
GTAGTCTGCACATTGGTTAGACTG
GGCAAGGGAGAGCA
hsa-mir- CCAGAGGACACCTCCACTCCGTCT 222
199b-prec ACCCAGTGTTTAGACTATCTGTTC
AGGACTCCCAAATTGTACAGTAGT
CTGCACATTGGTTAGGCTGGGCTG
GGTTAGACCCTCGG
hsa-mir- GCCAACCCAGTGTTCAGACTACCT 223
199s-prec GTTCAGGAGGCTCTCAATGTGTAC
AGTAGTCTGCACATTGGTTAGGC
hsa-mir- GCCGTGGCCATCTTACTGGGCAGC 224
200a-prec ATTGGATGGAGTCAGGTCTCTAAT
ACTGCCTGGTAATGATGACGGC
hsa-mir- CCAGCTCGGGCAGCCGTGGCCATC 225
200b-prec TTACTGGGCAGCATTGGATGGAGT
CAGGTCTCTAATACTGCCTGGTAA
TGATGACGGCGGAGCCCTGCACG
hsa-mir- GTTCCTTTTTCCTATGCATATACT 226
202-prec TCTTTGAGGATCTGGCCTAAAGAG
GTATAGGGCATGGGAAGATGGAGC
hsa-mir- GTGTTGGGGACTCGCGCGCTGGGT 227
203-prec CCAGTGGTTCTTAACAGTTCAACA
GTTCTGTAGCGCAATTGTGAAATG
TTTAGGACCACTAGACCCGGCGGG
CGCGGCGACAGCGA
hsa-mir- GGCTACAGTCTTTCTTCATGTGAC 228
204-prec TCGTGGACTTCCCTTTGTCATCCT
ATGCCTGAGAATATATGAAGGAGG
CTGGGAAGGCAAAGGGACGTTCAA
TTGTCATCACTGGC
hsa-mir- AAAGATCCTCAGACAATCCATGTG 229
205-prec CTTCTCTTGTCCTTCATTCCACCG
GAGTCTGTCTCATACCCAACCAGA
TTTCAGTGGAGTGAAGTTCAGGAG
GCATGGAGCTGACA
hsa-mir- TGCTTCCCGAGGCCACATGCTTCT 230
206-prec TTATATCCCCATATGGATTACTTT
GCTATGGAATGTAAGGAAGTGTGT
GGTTTCGGCAAGTG
hsa-mir- AGGCCACATGCTTCTTTATATCCC 231
206-prec CATATGGATTACTTTGCTATGGAA
TGTAAGGAAGTGTGTGGTTTT
hsa-mir- TGACGGGCGAGCTTTTGGCCCGGG 232
208-prec TTATACCTGATGCTCACGTATAAG
ACGAGCAAAAAGCTTGTTGGTCA
hsa-mir- ACCCGGCAGTGCCTCCAGGCGCAG 233
210-prec GGCAGCCCCTGCCCACCGCACACT
GCGCTGCCCCAGACCCACTGTGCG
TGTGACAGCGGCTGATCTGTGCCT
GGGCAGCGCGACCC
hsa-mir- TCACCTGGCCATGTGACTTGTGGG 234
211-prec CTTCCCTTTGTCATCCTTCGCCTA
GGGCTCTGAGCAGGGCAGGGACAG
CAAAGGGGTGCTCAGTTGTCACTT
CCCACAGCACGGAG
hsa-mir- CGGGGCACCCCGCCCGGACAGCGC 235
212-prec GCCGGCACCTTGGCTCTAGACTGC
TTACTGCCCGGGCCGCCCTCAGTA
ACAGTCTCCAGTCACGGCCACCGA
CGCCTGGCCCCGCC
hsa-mir- CCTGTGCAGAGATTATTTTTTAAA 236
213-prec AGGTCACAATCAACATTCATTGCT
GTCGGTGGGTTGAACTGTGTGGAC
AAGCTCACTGAACAATGAATGCAA
CTGTGGCCCCGCTT
hsa-mir- GAGTTTTGAGGTTGCTTCAGTGAA 237
213-prec- CATTCAACGCTGTCGGTGAGTTTG
LIM GAATTAAAATCAAAACCATCGACC
GTTGATTGTACCCTATGGCTAACC
ATCATCTACTCC
hsa-mir- GGCCTGGCTGGACAGAGTTGTCAT 238
214-prec GTGTCTGCCTGTCTACACTTGCTG
TGCAGAACATCCGCTCACCTGTAC
AGCAGGCACAGACAGGCAGTCACA
TGACAACCCAGCCT
hsa-mir- ATCATTCAGAAATGGTATACAGGA 239
215-prec AAATGACCTATGAATTGACAGACA
ATATAGCTGAGTTTGTCTGTCATT
TCTTTAGGCCAATATTCTGTATGA
CTGTGCTACTTCAA
hsa-mir- GATGGCTGTGAGTTGGCTTAATCT 240
216-prec CAGCTGGCAACTGTGAGATGTTCA
TACAATCCCTCACAGTGGTCTCTG
GGATTATGCTAAACAGAGCAATTT
CCTAGCCCTCACGA
hsa-mir- AGTATAATTATTACATAGTTTTTG 241
217-prec ATGTCGCAGATACTGCATCAGGAA
CTGATTGGATAAGAATCAGTCACC
ATCAGTTCCTAATGCATTGCCTTC
AGCATCTAAACAAG
hsa-mir- GTGATAATGTAGCGAGATTTTCTG 242
218-1-prec TTGTGCTTGATCTAACCATGTGGT
TGCGAGGTATGAGTAAAACATGGT
TCCGTCAAGCACCATGGAACGTCA
CGCAGCTTTCTACA
hsa-mir- GACCAGTCGCTGCGGGGCTTTCCT 243
218-2-prec TTGTGCTTGATCTAACCATGTGGT
GGAACGATGGAAACGGAACATGGT
TCTGTCAAGCACCGCGGAAAGCAC
CGTGCTCTCCTGCA
hsa-mir- CCGCCCCGGGCCGCGGCTCCTGAT 244
219-prec TGTCCAAACGCAATTCTCGAGTCT
ATGGCTCCGGCCGAGAGTTGAGTC
TGGACGTCCCGAGCCGCCGCCCCC
AAACCTCGAGCGGG
hsa-mir- GACAGTGTGGCATTGTAGGGCTCC 245
220-prec ACACCGTATCTGACACTTTGGGCG
AGGGCACCATGCTGAAGGTGTTCA
TGATGCGGTCTGGGAACTCCTCAC
GGATCTTACTGATG
hsa-mir- TGAACATCCAGGTCTGGGGCATGA 246
221-prec ACCTGGCATACAATGTAGATTTCT
GTGTTCGTTAGGCAACAGCTACAT
TGTCTGCTGGGTTTCAGGCTACCT
GGAAACATGTTCTC
hsa-mir- GCTGCTGGAAGGTGTAGGTACCCT 247
222-prec CAATGGCTCAGTAGCCAGTGTAGA
TCCTGTCTTTCGTAATCAGCAGCT
ACATCTGGCTACTGGGTCTCTGAT
GGCATCTTCTAGCT
hsa-mir- CCTGGCCTCCTGCAGTGCCACGCT 248
223-prec CCGTGTATTTGACAAGCTGAGTTG
GACACTCCATGTGGTAGAGTGTCA
GTTTGTCAAATACCCCAAGTGCGG
CACATGCTTACCAG
hsa-mir- GGGCTTTCAAGTCACTAGTGGTTC 249
224-prec CGTTTAGTAGATGATTGTGCATTG
TTTCAAAATGGTGCCCTAGTGACT
ACAAAGCCC
hsA-mir- CTTCTGGAAGCTGGTTTCACATGG 250
29b-1 = TGGCTTAGATTTTTCCATCTTTGT
102-prec1 ATCTAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTG
TTTTAGGAG
hsA-mir- CTTCAGGAAGCTGGTTTCATATGG 251
29b-2 = TGGTTTAGATTTAAATAGTGATTG
102prec7.1 = TCTAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTGT
7.2 TCTTGGGGG
hsA-mir- CTTCAGGAAGCTGGTTTCATATGG 252
29b-3 = TGGTTTAGATTTAAATAGTGATTG
102prec7.1 = TCTAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTGT
7.2 TCTTGGGGG
hsa-mir- GTGAGCGACTGTAAACATCCTCGA 253
30* = mir- CTGGAAGCTGTGAAGCCACAGATG
097-prec-6 GGCTTTCAGTCGGATGTTTGCAGC
TGCCTACT
mir-033b ACCAAGTTTCAGTTCATGTAAACA 254
TCCTACACTCAGCTGTAATACATG
GATTGGCTGGGAGGTGGATGTTTA
CTTCAGCTGACTTGGA
mir-101- TGCCCTGGCTCAGTTATCACAGTG 255
precursor-9 = CTGATGCTGTCTATTCTAAAGGTA
mir-101-3 CAGTACTGTGATAACTGAAGGATG
GCA
mir-108-1- ACACTGCAAGAACAATAAGGATTT 256
small TTAGGGGCATTATGACTGAGTCAG
AAAACACAGCTGCCCCTGAAAGTC
CCTCATTTTTCTTGCTGT
mir-108-2- ACTGCAAGAGCAATAAGGATTTTT 257
small AGGGGCATTATGATAGTGGAATGG
AAACACATCTGCCCCCAAAAGTCC
CTCATTTT
mir-123- CGCTGGCGACGGGACATTATTACT 258
prec = mir- TTTGGTACGCGCTGTGACACTTCA
126-prec AACTCGTACCGTGAGTAATAATGC
GCCGTCCACGGCA
mir-123- ACATTATTACTTTTGGTACGCGCT 259
prec = mir- GTGACACTTCAAACTCGTACCGTG
126-prec AGTAATAATGCGC
mir-129- TGGATCTTTTTGCGGTCTGGGCTT 260
1-prec GCTGTTCCTCTCAACAGTAGTCAG
GAAGCCCTTACCCCAAAAAGTATC
TA
mir-129- TGCCCTTCGCGAATCTTTTTGCGG 261
small-2-129b? TCTGGGCTTGCTGTACATAACTCA
ATAGCCGGAAGCCCTTACCCCAAA
AAGCATTTGCGGAGGGCG
mir-133b- GCCCCCTGCTCTGGCTGGTCAAAC 262
small GGAACCAAGTCCGTCTTCCTGAGA
GGTTTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGCTA
CAGCAGGG
mir-135- AGATAAATTCACTCTAGTGCTTTA 263
small-2 TGGCTTTTTATTCCTATGTGATAG
TAATAAAGTCTCATGTAGGGATGG
AAGCCATGAAATACATTGTGAAAA
ATCA
mir-148b- AAGCACGATTAGCATTTGAGGTGA 264
small AGTTCTGTTATACACTCAGGCTGT
GGCTCTCTGAAAGTCAGTGCAT
mir-151- CCTGTCCTCAAGGAGCTTCAGTCT 265
prec AGTAGGGGATGAGACATACTAGAC
TGTGAGCTCCTCGAGGGCAGG
mir-155- CTGTTAATGCTAATCGTGATAGGG 266
prec(BIC) GTTTTTGCCTCCAACTGACTCCTA
CATATTAGCATTAACAG
mir-156 = CCTAACACTGTCTGGTAAAGATGG 267
mir-157 = CTCCCGGGTGGGTTCTCTCGGCAG
overlap TAACCTTCAGGGAGCCCTGAAGAC
mir-141 CATGGAGGAC
mir-158- GCCGAGACCGAGTGCACAGGGCTC 268
small = TGACCTATGAATTGACAGCCAGTG
mir-192 CTCTCGTCTCCCCTCTGGCTGCCA
ATTCCATAGGTCACAGGTATGTTC
GCCTCAATGCCAGC
mir-159- TCCCGCCCCCTGTAACAGCAACTC 269
1-small CATGTGGAAGTGCCCACTGGTTCC
AGTGGGGCTGCTGTTATCTGGGGC
GAGGGCCA
mir-161- AAAGCTGGGTTGAGAGGGCGAAAA 270
small AGGATGAGGTGACTGGTCTGGGCT
ACGCTATGCTGCGGCGCTCGGG
mir-163- CATTGGCCTCCTAAGCCAGGGATT 271
1b-small GTGGGTTCGAGTCCCACCCGGGGT
AAAGAAAGGCCGAATT
mir-163- CCTAAGCCAGGGATTGTGGGTTCG 272
3-small AGTCCCACCTGGGGTAGAGGTGAA
AGTTCCTTTTACGGAATTTTTT
mir-175- GGGCTTTCAAGTCACTAGTGGTTC 273
small = CGTTTAGTAGATGATTGTGCATTG
mir-224 TTTCAAAATGGTGCCCTAGTGACT
ACAAAGCCC
mir-177- ACGCAAGTGTCCTAAGGTGAGCTC 274
small AGGGAGCACAGAAACCTCCAGTGG
AACAGAAGGGCAAAAGCTCATT
mir-180- CATGTGTCACTTTCAGGTGGAGTT 275
small TCAAGAGTCCCTTCCTGGTTCACC
GTCTCCTTTGCTCTTCCACAAC
mir-187- GGTCGGGCTCACCATGACACAGTG 276
prec TGAGACTCGGGCTACAACACAGGA
CCCGGGGCGCTGCTCTGACCCCTC
GTGTCTTGTGTTGCAGCCGGAGGG
ACGCAGGTCCGCA
mir-188- TGCTCCCTCTCTCACATCCCTTGC 277
prec ATGGTGGAGGGTGAGCTTTCTGAA
AACCCCTCCCACATGCAGGGTTTG
CAGGATGGCGAGCC
mir-190- TGCAGGCCTCTGTGTGATATGTTT 278
prec GATATATTAGGTTGTTATTTAATC
CAACTATATATCAAACATATTCCT
ACAGTGTCTTGCC
mir-197-2 GTGCATGTGTATGTATGTGTGCAT 279
GTGCATGTGTATGTGTATGAGTGC
ATGCGTGTGTGC
mir-197- GGCTGTGCCGGGTAGAGAGGGCAG 280
prec TGGGAGGTAAGAGCTCTTCACCCT
TCACCACCTTCTCCACCCAGCATG
GCC
mir-202- GTTCCTTTTTCCTATGCATATACT 281
prec TCTTTGAGGATCTGGCCTAAAGAG
GTATAGGGCATGGGAAGATGGAGC
mir-294-1 CAATCTTCCTTTATCATGGTATTG 282
(chr16) ATTTTTCAGTGCTTCCCTTTTGTG
TGAGAGAAGATA
mir-hesl ATGGAGCTGCTCACCCTGTGGGCC 283
TCAAATGTGGAGGAACTATTCTGA
TGTCCAAGTGGAAAGTGCTGCGAC
ATTTGAGCGTCACCGGTGACGCCC
ATATCA
mir-hes2 GCATCCCCTCAGCCTGTGGCACTC 284
AAACTGTGGGGGCACTTTCTGCTC
TCTGGTGAAAGTGCCGCCATCTTT
TGAGTGTTACCGCTTGAGAAGACT
CAACC
mir-hes3 CGAGGAGCTCATACTGGGATACTC 285
AAAATGGGGGCGCTTTCCTTTTTG
TCTGTTACTGGGAAGTGCTTCGAT
TTTGGGGTGTCCCTGTTTGAGTAG
GGCATC
hsa-mir- CTTCAGGAAGCTGGTTTCATATGG 286
29b-1 TGGTTTAGATTTAAATAGTGATTG
TCTAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTGT
TCTTGGGGG
*An underlined sequence within a precursor sequence represents a processed miR transcript. All sequences are human.
The level of at least one miR gene product can be measured in cells of a biological sample obtained from the subject. For example, a tissue sample can be removed from a subject suspected of having breast cancer associated with by conventional biopsy techniques. In another example, a blood sample can be removed from the subject, and white blood cells can be isolated for DNA extraction by standard techniques. The blood or tissue sample is preferably obtained from the subject prior to initiation of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or other therapeutic treatment. A corresponding control tissue or blood sample can be obtained from unaffected tissues of the subject, from a normal human individual or population of normal individuals, or from cultured cells corresponding to the majority of cells in the subject's sample. The control tissue or blood sample is then processed along with the sample from the subject, so that the levels of miR gene product produced from a given miR gene in cells from the subject's sample can be compared to the corresponding miR gene product levels from cells of the control sample.
An alteration (i.e., an increase or decrease) in the level of a miR gene product in the sample obtained from the subject, relative to the level of a corresponding miR gene product in a control sample, is indicative of the presence of breast cancer in the subject. In one embodiment, the level of the at least one miR gene product in the test sample is greater than the level of the corresponding miR gene product in the control sample (i.e., expression of the miR gene product is “up-regulated”). As used herein, expression of a miR gene product is “up-regulated” when the amount of miR gene product in a cell or tissue sample from a subject is greater than the amount the same gene product in a control cell or tissue sample. In another embodiment, the level of the at least one miR gene product in the test sample is less than the level of the corresponding miR gene product in the control sample (i.e., expression of the miR gene product is “down-regulated”). As used herein, expression of a miR gene is “down-regulated” when the amount of miR gene product produced from that gene in a cell or tissue sample from a subject is less than the amount produced from the same gene in a control cell or tissue sample. The relative miR gene expression in the control and normal samples can be determined with respect to one or more RNA expression standards. The standards can comprise, for example, a zero miR gene expression level, the miR gene expression level in a standard cell line, or the average level of miR gene expression previously obtained for a population of normal human controls.
The level of a miR gene product in a sample can be measured using any technique that is suitable for detecting RNA expression levels in a biological sample. Suitable techniques for determining RNA expression levels in cells from a biological sample (for example, Northern blot analysis, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization) are well known to those of skill in the art. In a particular embodiment, the level of at least one miR gene product is detected using Northern blot analysis. For example, total cellular RNA can be purified from cells by homogenization in the presence of nucleic acid extraction buffer, followed by centrifugation. Nucleic acids are precipitated, and DNA is removed by treatment with DNase and precipitation. The RNA molecules are then separated by gel electrophoresis on agarose gels according to standard techniques, and transferred to nitrocellulose filters. The RNA is then immobilized on the filters by heating. Detection and quantification of specific RNA is accomplished using appropriately labeled DNA or RNA probes complementary to the RNA in question. See, for example, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook et al., eds., 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989, Chapter 7, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
Suitable probes for Northern blot hybridization of a given miR gene product can be produced from the nucleic acid sequences provided in Table 1. Methods for preparation of labeled DNA and RNA probes, and the conditions for hybridization thereof to target nucleotide sequences, are described in Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook et al., eds., 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989, Chapters 10 and 11, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
For example, the nucleic acid probe can be labeled with, for example, a radionuclide, such as 3H, 32P, 33P, 14C, or 35S; a heavy metal; or a ligand capable of functioning as a specific binding pair member for a labeled ligand (for example, biotin, avidin or an antibody), a fluorescent molecule, a chemiluminescent molecule, an enzyme or the like.
Probes can be labeled to high specific activity by either the nick translation method of Rigby et al. (1977), J. Mol. Biol. 113:237-251 or by the random priming method of Fienberg et al. (1983), Anal. Biochem. 132:6-13, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The latter is the method of choice for synthesizing 32P-labeled probes of high specific activity from single-stranded DNA or from RNA templates. For example, by replacing preexisting nucleotides with highly radioactive nucleotides according to the nick translation method, it is possible to prepare 32P-labeled nucleic acid probes with a specific activity well in excess of 108 cpm/microgram. Autoradiographic detection of hybridization can then be performed by exposing hybridized filters to photographic film. Densitometric scanning of the photographic films exposed by the hybridized filters provides an accurate measurement of miR gene transcript levels. Using another approach, miR gene transcript levels can be quantified by computerized imaging systems, such the Molecular Dynamics 400-B 2D Phosphorimager available from Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J.
Where radionuclide labeling of DNA or RNA probes is not practical, the random-primer method can be used to incorporate an analogue, for example, the dTTP analogue 5-(N—(N-biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl)-3-aminoallyl)deoxyuridine triphosphate, into the probe molecule. The biotinylated probe oligonucleotide can be detected by reaction with biotin-binding proteins, such as avidin, streptavidin, and antibodies (for example, anti-biotin antibodies) coupled to fluorescent dyes or enzymes that produce color reactions.
In addition to Northern and other RNA hybridization techniques, determining the levels of RNA transcripts can be accomplished using the technique of in situ hybridization. This technique requires fewer cells than the Northern blotting technique, and involves depositing whole cells onto a microscope cover slip and probing the nucleic acid content of the cell with a solution containing radioactive or otherwise labeled nucleic acid (for example, cDNA or RNA) probes. This technique is particularly well-suited for analyzing tissue biopsy samples from subjects. The practice of the in situ hybridization technique is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,427,916, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable probes for in situ hybridization of a given miR gene product can be produced from the nucleic acid sequences provided in Table 1, as described above.
The relative number of miR gene transcripts in cells can also be determined by reverse transcription of miR gene transcripts, followed by amplification of the reverse-transcribed transcripts by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of miR gene transcripts can be quantified in comparison with an internal standard, for example, the level of mRNA from a “housekeeping” gene present in the same sample. A suitable “housekeeping” gene for use as an internal standard includes, for example, myosin or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). The methods for quantitative RT-PCR and variations thereof are within the skill in the art.
In some instances, it may be desirable to simultaneously determine the expression level of a plurality of different miR gene products in a sample. In other instances, it may be desirable to determine the expression level of the transcripts of all known miR genes correlated with a cancer. Assessing cancer-specific expression levels for hundreds of miR genes is time consuming and requires a large amount of total RNA (at least 20 μg for each Northern blot) and autoradiographic techniques that require radioactive isotopes.
To overcome these limitations, an oligolibrary, in microchip format (i.e., a microarray), may be constructed containing a set of probe oligodeoxynucleotides that are specific for a set of miR genes. Using such a microarray, the expression level of multiple microRNAs in a biological sample can be determined by reverse transcribing the RNAs to generate a set of target oligodeoxynucleotides, and hybridizing them to probe oligodeoxynucleotides on the microarray to generate a hybridization, or expression, profile. The hybridization profile of the test sample can then be compared to that of a control sample to determine which microRNAs have an altered expression level in breast cancer cells. As used herein, “probe oligonucleotide” or “probe oligodeoxynucleotide” refers to an oligonucleotide that is capable of hybridizing to a target oligonucleotide. “Target oligonucleotide” or “target oligodeoxynucleotide” refers to a molecule to be detected (for example, via hybridization). By “miR-specific probe oligonucleotide” or “probe oligonucleotide specific for a miR” is meant a probe oligonucleotide that has a sequence selected to hybridize to a specific miR gene product, or to a reverse transcript of the specific miR gene product.
An “expression profile” or “hybridization profile” of a particular sample is essentially a fingerprint of the state of the sample; while two states may have any particular gene similarly expressed, the evaluation of a number of genes simultaneously allows the generation of a gene expression profile that is unique to the state of the cell. That is, normal tissue may be distinguished from breast cancer tissue, and within breast cancer tissue, different prognosis states (good or poor long term survival prospects, for example) may be determined. By comparing expression profiles of breast cancer tissue in different states, information regarding which genes are important (including both up- and down-regulation of genes) in each of these states is obtained. The identification of sequences that are differentially expressed in breast cancer tissue or normal breast tissue, as well as differential expression resulting in different prognostic outcomes, allows the use of this information in a number of ways. For example, a particular treatment regime may be evaluated (for example, to determine whether a chemotherapeutic drug act to improve the long-term prognosis in a particular patient). Similarly, diagnosis may be done or confirmed by comparing patient samples with the known expression profiles. Furthermore, these gene expression profiles (or individual genes) allow screening of drug candidates that suppress the breast cancer expression profile or convert a poor prognosis profile to a better prognosis profile.
Accordingly, the invention provides methods of diagnosing whether a subject has, or is at risk for developing, breast cancer, comprising reverse transcribing RNA from a test sample obtained from the subject to provide a set of target oligo-deoxynucleotides, hybridizing the target oligo-deoxynucleotides to a microarray comprising miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides to provide a hybridization profile for the test sample, and comparing the test sample hybridization profile to a hybridization profile generated from a control sample, wherein an alteration in the signal of at least one miRNA is indicative of the subject either having, or being at risk for developing, breast cancer. In one embodiment, the microarray comprises miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides for a substantial portion of the human miRNome. In a particular embodiment, the microarray comprises miRNA-specific probe oligo-nucleotides for one or more miRNAs selected from the group consisting of miR-125b, miR-145, miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b, miR-009-1 (miR131-1), miR-34 (miR-170), miR-102 (miR-29b), miR-123 (miR-126), miR-140-as, miR-125a, miR-125b-1, miR-125b-2, miR-194, miR-204, miR-213, let-7a-2, let-7a-3, let-7d (let-7d-v1), let-7f-2, let-7i (let-7d-v2), miR-101-1, miR-122a, miR-128b, miR-136, miR-143, miR-149, miR-191, miR-196-1, miR-196-2, miR-202, miR-203, miR-206, miR-210 and combinations thereof. In a further embodiment, the at least one miR gene product is selected from the group consisting of miR-125b, miR-145, miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b and combinations thereof.
The microarray can be prepared from gene-specific oligonucleotide probes generated from known miRNA sequences. The array may contain two different oligonucleotide probes for each miRNA, one containing the active, mature sequence and the other being specific for the precursor of the miRNA. The array may also contain controls, such as one or more mouse sequences differing from human orthologs by only a few bases, which can serve as controls for hybridization stringency conditions. tRNAs from both species may also be printed on the microchip, providing an internal, relatively stable, positive control for specific hybridization. One or more appropriate controls for non-specific hybridization may also be included on the microchip. For this purpose, sequences are selected based upon the absence of any homology with any known miRNAs.
The microarray may be fabricated using techniques known in the art. For example, probe oligonucleotides of an appropriate length, for example, 40 nucleotides, are 5′-amine modified at position C6 and printed using commercially available microarray systems, for example, the GeneMachine OmniGrid™ 100 Microarrayer and Amersham CodeLink™ activated slides. Labeled cDNA oligomer corresponding to the target RNAs is prepared by reverse transcribing the target RNA with labeled primer. Following first strand synthesis, the RNA/DNA hybrids are denatured to degrade the RNA templates. The labeled target cDNAs thus prepared are then hybridized to the microarray chip under hybridizing conditions, for example, 6×SSPE/30% formamide at 25° C. for 18 hours, followed by washing in 0.75×TNT at 37° C. for 40 minutes. At positions on the array where the immobilized probe DNA recognizes a complementary target cDNA in the sample, hybridization occurs. The labeled target cDNA marks the exact position on the array where binding occurs, allowing automatic detection and quantification. The output consists of a list of hybridization events, indicating the relative abundance of specific cDNA sequences, and therefore the relative abundance of the corresponding complementary miRs, in the patient sample. According to one embodiment, the labeled cDNA oligomer is a biotin-labeled cDNA, prepared from a biotin-labeled primer. The microarray is then processed by direct detection of the biotin-containing transcripts using, for example, Streptavidin-Alexa647 conjugate, and scanned utilizing conventional scanning methods. Image intensities of each spot on the array are proportional to the abundance of the corresponding miR in the patient sample.
The use of the array has several advantages for miRNA expression detection. First, the global expression of several hundred genes can be identified in the same sample at one time point. Second, through careful design of the oligonucleotide probes, expression of both mature and precursor molecules can be identified. Third, in comparison with Northern blot analysis, the chip requires a small amount of RNA, and provides reproducible results using 2.5 μg of total RNA. The relatively limited number of miRNAs (a few hundred per species) allows the construction of a common microarray for several species, with distinct oligonucleotide probes for each. Such a tool would allow for analysis of trans-species expression for each known miR under various conditions.
In addition to use for quantitative expression level assays of specific miRs, a microchip containing miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides corresponding to a substantial portion of the miRNome, preferably the entire miRNome, may be employed to carry out miR gene expression profiling, for analysis of miR expression patterns. Distinct miR signatures can be associated with established disease markers, or directly with a disease state.
According to the expression profiling methods described herein, total RNA from a sample from a subject suspected of having a cancer (such as breast cancer) is quantitatively reverse transcribed to provide a set of labeled target oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the RNA in the sample. The target oligodeoxynucleotides are then hybridized to a microarray comprising miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides to provide a hybridization profile for the sample. The result is a hybridization profile for the sample representing the expression pattern of miRNA in the sample. The hybridization profile comprises the signal from the binding of the target oligodeoxynucleotides from the sample to the miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides in the microarray. The profile may be recorded as the presence or absence of binding (signal vs. zero signal). More preferably, the profile recorded includes the intensity of the signal from each hybridization. The profile is compared to the hybridization profile generated from a normal, noncancerous, control sample. An alteration in the signal is indicative of the presence of the cancer in the subject.
Other techniques for measuring miR gene expression are also within the skill in the art, and include various techniques for measuring rates of RNA transcription and degradation.
The invention also provides methods of diagnosing a breast cancer associated with one or more prognostic markers, comprising measuring the level of at least one miR gene product in a breast cancer test sample from a subject and comparing the level of the at least one miR gene product in the breast cancer test sample to the level of a corresponding miR gene product in a control sample. An alteration (for example, an increase, a decrease) in the signal of at least one miRNA in the test sample relative to the control sample is indicative of the subject either having, or being at risk for developing, breast cancer associated with the one or more prognostic markers.
The breast cancer can be associated with one or more prognostic markers or features, including, a marker associated with an adverse (negative) prognosis, or a marker associated with a good (positive) prognosis. In certain embodiments, the breast cancer that is diagnosed using the methods described herein is associated with one or more adverse prognostic features selected from the group consisting of estrogen receptor expression, progesterone receptor expression, positive lymph node metastasis, high proliferative index, detectable p53 expression, advanced tumor stage, and high vascular invasion. Particular microRNAs whose expression is altered in breast cancer cells associated with each of these prognostic markers are described herein (see, for example, Example 3 and FIG. 4). In one embodiment, the level of the at least one miR gene product is measured by reverse transcribing RNA from a test sample obtained from the subject to provide a set of target oligodeoxynucleotides, hybridizing the target oligodeoxynucleotides to a microarray that comprises miRNA-specific probe oligonucleotides to provide a hybridization profile for the test sample, and comparing the test sample hybridization profile to a hybridization profile generated from a control sample.
Without wishing to be bound by any one theory, it is believed that alterations in the level of one or more miR gene products in cells can result in the deregulation of one or more intended targets for these miRs, which can lead to the formation of breast cancer. Therefore, altering the level of the miR gene product (for example, by decreasing the level of a miR that is up-regulated in breast cancer cells and/or by increasing the level of a miR that is down-regulated in cancer cells) may successfully treat the breast cancer. Examples of putative gene targets for miRNAs that are deregulated in breast cancer tissues are described herein (see, for example, Example 2 and Table 4).
Accordingly, the present invention encompasses methods of treating breast cancer in a subject, wherein at least one miR gene product is de-regulated (for example, down-regulated or up-regulated) in the cancer cells of the subject. When the at least one isolated miR gene product is down-regulated in the breast cancer cells, the method comprises administering an effective amount of the at least one isolated miR gene product, provided that the miR gene is not miR15 or miR16, such that proliferation of cancer cells in the subject is inhibited. When the at least one isolated miR gene product is up-regulated in the cancer cells, the method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one compound for inhibiting expression of the at least one miR gene, referred to herein as miR gene expression inhibition compounds, such that proliferation of breast cancer cells is inhibited.
The terms “treat”, “treating” and “treatment”, as used herein, refer to ameliorating symptoms associated with a disease or condition, for example, breast cancer, including preventing or delaying the onset of the disease symptoms, and/or lessening the severity or frequency of symptoms of the disease or condition. The terms “subject” and “individual” are defined herein to include animals, such as mammals, including but not limited to, primates, cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice or other bovine, ovine, equine, canine, feline, rodent, or murine species. In a preferred embodiment, the animal is a human.
As used herein, an “effective amount” of an isolated miR gene product is an amount sufficient to inhibit proliferation of a cancer cell in a subject suffering from breast cancer. One skilled in the art can readily determine an effective amount of an miR gene product to be administered to a given subject, by taking into account factors, such as the size and weight of the subject; the extent of disease penetration; the age, health and sex of the subject; the route of administration; and whether the administration is regional or systemic.
For example, an effective amount of an isolated miR gene product can be based on the approximate weight of a tumor mass to be treated. The approximate weight of a tumor mass can be determined by calculating the approximate volume of the mass, wherein one cubic centimeter of volume is roughly equivalent to one gram. An effective amount of the isolated miR gene product based on the weight of a tumor mass can be in the range of about 10-500 micrograms/gram of tumor mass. In certain embodiments, the tumor mass can be at least about 10 micrograms/gram of tumor mass, at least about 60 micrograms/gram of tumor mass or at least about 100 micrograms/gram of tumor mass.
An effective amount of an isolated miR gene product can also be based on the approximate or estimated body weight of a subject to be treated. Preferably, such effective amounts are administered parenterally or enterally, as described herein. For example, an effective amount of the isolated miR gene product is administered to a subject can range from about 5-3000 micrograms/kg of body weight, from about 700-1000 micrograms/kg of body weight, or greater than about 1000 micrograms/kg of body weight.
One skilled in the art can also readily determine an appropriate dosage regimen for the administration of an isolated miR gene product to a given subject. For example, a miR gene product can be administered to the subject once (for example, as a single injection or deposition). Alternatively, a miR gene product can be administered once or twice daily to a subject for a period of from about three to about twenty-eight days, more particularly from about seven to about ten days. In a particular dosage regimen, a miR gene product is administered once a day for seven days. Where a dosage regimen comprises multiple administrations, it is understood that the effective amount of the miR gene product administered to the subject can comprise the total amount of gene product administered over the entire dosage regimen.
As used herein, an “isolated” miR gene product is one which is synthesized, or altered or removed from the natural state through human intervention. For example, a synthetic miR gene product, or a miR gene product partially or completely separated from the coexisting materials of its natural state, is considered to be “isolated.” An isolated miR gene product can exist in substantially-purified form, or can exist in a cell into which the miR gene product has been delivered. Thus, a miR gene product which is deliberately delivered to, or expressed in, a cell is considered an “isolated” miR gene product. A miR gene product produced inside a cell from a miR precursor molecule is also considered to be “isolated” molecule.
Isolated miR gene products can be obtained using a number of standard techniques. For example, the miR gene products can be chemically synthesized or recombinantly produced using methods known in the art. In one embodiment, miR gene products are chemically synthesized using appropriately protected ribonucleoside phosphoramidites and a conventional DNA/RNA synthesizer. Commercial suppliers of synthetic RNA molecules or synthesis reagents include, for example, Proligo (Hamburg, Germany), Dharmacon Research (Lafayette, Colo., U.S.A.), Pierce Chemical (part of Perbio Science, Rockford, Ill., U.S.A.), Glen Research (Sterling, Va., U.S.A.), ChemGenes (Ashland, Mass., U.S.A.) and Cruachem (Glasgow, UK).
Alternatively, the miR gene products can be expressed from recombinant circular or linear DNA plasmids using any suitable promoter. Suitable promoters for expressing RNA from a plasmid include, for example, the U6 or H1 RNA pol III promoter sequences, or the cytomegalovirus promoters. Selection of other suitable promoters is within the skill in the art. The recombinant plasmids of the invention can also comprise inducible or regulatable promoters for expression of the miR gene products in cancer cells.
The miR gene products that are expressed from recombinant plasmids can be isolated from cultured cell expression systems by standard techniques. The miR gene products which are expressed from recombinant plasmids can also be delivered to, and expressed directly in, the cancer cells. The use of recombinant plasmids to deliver the miR gene products to cancer cells is discussed in more detail below.
The miR gene products can be expressed from a separate recombinant plasmid, or they can be expressed from the same recombinant plasmid. In one embodiment, the miR gene products are expressed as RNA precursor molecules from a single plasmid, and the precursor molecules are processed into the functional miR gene product by a suitable processing system, including, but not limited to, processing systems extant within a cancer cell. Other suitable processing systems include, for example, the in vitro Drosophila cell lysate system (for example, as described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2002/0086356 to Tuschl et al., the entire disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference) and the E. coli RNAse III system (for example, as described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2004/0014113 to Yang et al., the entire disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference).
Selection of plasmids suitable for expressing the miR gene products, methods for inserting nucleic acid sequences into the plasmid to express the gene products, and methods of delivering the recombinant plasmid to the cells of interest are within the skill in the art. See, for example, Zeng et al. (2002), Molecular Cell 9:1327-1333; Tuschl (2002), Nat. Biotechnol, 20:446-448; Brummelkamp et al. (2002), Science 296:550-553; Miyagishi et al. (2002), Nat. Biotechnol. 20:497-500; Paddison et al. (2002), Genes Dev. 16:948-958; Lee et al. (2002), Nat. Biotechnol. 20:500-505; and Paul et al. (2002), Nat. Biotechnol. 20:505-508, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In one embodiment, a plasmid expressing the miR gene products comprises a sequence encoding a miR precursor RNA under the control of the CMV intermediate-early promoter. As used herein, “under the control” of a promoter means that the nucleic acid sequences encoding the miR gene product are located 3′ of the promoter, so that the promoter can initiate transcription of the miR gene product coding sequences.
The miR gene products can also be expressed from recombinant viral vectors. It is contemplated that the miR gene products can be expressed from two separate recombinant viral vectors, or from the same viral vector. The RNA expressed from the recombinant viral vectors can either be isolated from cultured cell expression systems by standard techniques, or can be expressed directly in cancer cells. The use of recombinant viral vectors to deliver the miR gene products to cancer cells is discussed in more detail below.
The recombinant viral vectors of the invention comprise sequences encoding the miR gene products and any suitable promoter for expressing the RNA sequences. Suitable promoters include, for example, the U6 or H1 RNA pol III promoter sequences, or the cytomegalovirus promoters. Selection of other suitable promoters is within the skill in the art. The recombinant viral vectors of the invention can also comprise inducible or regulatable promoters for expression of the miR gene products in a cancer cell.
Any viral vector capable of accepting the coding sequences for the miR gene products can be used; for example, vectors derived from adenovirus (AV); adeno-associated virus (AAV); retroviruses (for example, lentiviruses (LV), Rhabdoviruses, murine leukemia virus); herpes virus, and the like. The tropism of the viral vectors can be modified by pseudotyping the vectors with envelope proteins or other surface antigens from other viruses, or by substituting different viral capsid proteins, as appropriate.
For example, lentiviral vectors of the invention can be pseudotyped with surface proteins from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), rabies, Ebola, Mokola, and the like. AAV vectors of the invention can be made to target different cells by engineering the vectors to express different capsid protein serotypes. For example, an AAV vector expressing a serotype 2 capsid on a serotype 2 genome is called AAV 2/2. This serotype 2 capsid gene in the AAV 2/2 vector can be replaced by a serotype 5 capsid gene to produce an AAV 2/5 vector. Techniques for constructing AAV vectors that express different capsid protein serotypes are within the skill in the art; see, for example, Rabinowitz, J. E., et al. (2002), J. Virol. 76:791-801, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Selection of recombinant viral vectors suitable for use in the invention, methods for inserting nucleic acid sequences for expressing RNA into the vector, methods of delivering the viral vector to the cells of interest, and recovery of the expressed RNA products are within the skill in the art. See, for example, Dornburg (1995), Gene Therap. 2:301-310; Eglitis (1988), Biotechniques 6:608-614; Miller (1990), Hum. Gene Therap. 1:5-14; and Anderson (1998), Nature 392:25-30, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Particularly suitable viral vectors are those derived from AV and AAV. A suitable AV vector for expressing the miR gene products, a method for constructing the recombinant AV vector, and a method for delivering the vector into target cells, are described in Xia et al. (2002), Nat. Biotech. 20:1006-1010, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable AAV vectors for expressing the miR gene products, methods for constructing the recombinant AAV vector, and methods for delivering the vectors into target cells are described in Samulski et al. (1987), J. Virol. 61:3096-3101; Fisher et al. (1996), J. Virol., 70:520-532; Samulski et al. (1989), J. Virol. 63:3822-3826; U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,479; U.S. Pat. No. 5,139,941; International Patent Application No. WO 94/13788; and International Patent Application No. WO 93/24641, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, the miR gene products are expressed from a single recombinant AAV vector comprising the CMV intermediate early promoter.
In a certain embodiment, a recombinant AAV viral vector of the invention comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a miR precursor RNA in operable connection with a polyT termination sequence under the control of a human U6 RNA promoter. As used herein, “in operable connection with a polyT termination sequence” means that the nucleic acid sequences encoding the sense or antisense strands are immediately adjacent to the polyT termination signal in the 5′ direction. During transcription of the miR sequences from the vector, the polyT termination signals act to terminate transcription.
In other embodiments of the treatment methods of the invention, an effective amount of at least one compound which inhibits miR expression can also be administered to the subject. As used herein, “inhibiting miR expression” means that the production of the active, mature form of miR gene product after treatment is less than the amount produced prior to treatment. One skilled in the art can readily determine whether miR expression has been inhibited in a cancer cell, using for example the techniques for determining miR transcript level discussed above for the diagnostic method Inhibition can occur at the level of gene expression (such as, by inhibiting transcription of a miR gene encoding the miR gene product) or at the level of processing (such as, by inhibiting processing of a miR precursor into a mature, active miR).
As used herein, an “effective amount” of a compound that inhibits miR expression is an amount sufficient to inhibit proliferation of a cancer cell in a subject suffering from a cancer associated with a cancer-associated chromosomal feature. One skilled in the art can readily determine an effective amount of an miR expression-inhibiting compound to be administered to a given subject, by taking into account factors, such as the size and weight of the subject; the extent of disease penetration; the age, health and sex of the subject; the route of administration; and whether the administration is regional or systemic.
For example, an effective amount of the expression-inhibiting compound can be based on the approximate weight of a tumor mass to be treated. The approximate weight of a tumor mass can be determined by calculating the approximate volume of the mass, wherein one cubic centimeter of volume is roughly equivalent to one gram. An effective amount based on the weight of a tumor mass can be between about 10-500 micrograms/gram of tumor mass, at least about 10 micrograms/gram of tumor mass, at least about 60 micrograms/gram of tumor mass, and at least about 100 micrograms/gram of tumor mass.
An effective amount of a compound that inhibits miR expression can also be based on the approximate or estimated body weight of a subject to be treated. Such effective amounts are administered parenterally or enterally, among others, as described herein. For example, an effective amount of the expression-inhibiting compound administered to a subject can range from about 5-3000 micrograms/kg of body weight, from about 700-1000 micrograms/kg of body weight, or it can be greater than about 1000 micrograms/kg of body weight.
One skilled in the art can also readily determine an appropriate dosage regimen for administering a compound that inhibits miR expression to a given subject. For example, an expression-inhibiting compound can be administered to the subject once (for example, as a single injection or deposition). Alternatively, an expression-inhibiting compound can be administered once or twice daily to a subject for a period of from about three to about twenty-eight days, more preferably from about seven to about ten days. In a particular dosage regimen, an expression-inhibiting compound is administered once a day for seven days. Where a dosage regimen comprises multiple administrations, it is understood that the effective amount of the expression-inhibiting compound administered to the subject can comprise the total amount of compound administered over the entire dosage regimen.
Suitable compounds for inhibiting miR gene expression include double-stranded RNA (such as short- or small-interfering RNA or “siRNA”), antisense nucleic acids, and enzymatic RNA molecules, such as ribozymes. Each of these compounds can be targeted to a given miR gene product and destroy or induce the destruction of the target miR gene product.
For example, expression of a given miR gene can be inhibited by inducing RNA interference of the miR gene with an isolated double-stranded RNA (“dsRNA”) molecule which has at least 90%, for example at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100%, sequence homology with at least a portion of the miR gene product. In a particular embodiment, the dsRNA molecule is a “short or small interfering RNA” or “siRNA.”
siRNA useful in the present methods comprise short double-stranded RNA from about 17 nucleotides to about 29 nucleotides in length, preferably from about 19 to about 25 nucleotides in length. The siRNA comprise a sense RNA strand and a complementary antisense RNA strand annealed together by standard Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions (hereinafter “base-paired”). The sense strand comprises a nucleic acid sequence which is substantially identical to a nucleic acid sequence contained within the target miR gene product.
As used herein, a nucleic acid sequence in a siRNA which is “substantially identical” to a target sequence contained within the target mRNA is a nucleic acid sequence that is identical to the target sequence, or that differs from the target sequence by one or two nucleotides. The sense and antisense strands of the siRNA can comprise two complementary, single-stranded RNA molecules, or can comprise a single molecule in which two complementary portions are base-paired and are covalently linked by a single-stranded “hairpin” area.
The siRNA can also be altered RNA that differs from naturally-occurring RNA by the addition, deletion, substitution and/or alteration of one or more nucleotides. Such alterations can include addition of non-nucleotide material, such as to the end(s) of the siRNA or to one or more internal nucleotides of the siRNA, or modifications that make the siRNA resistant to nuclease digestion, or the substitution of one or more nucleotides in the siRNA with deoxyribonucleotides.
One or both strands of the siRNA can also comprise a 3′ overhang. As used herein, a “3′ overhang” refers to at least one unpaired nucleotide extending from the 3′-end of a duplexed RNA strand. Thus, in certain embodiments, the siRNA comprises at least one 3′ overhang of from 1 to about 6 nucleotides (which includes ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides) in length, from 1 to about 5 nucleotides in length, from 1 to about 4 nucleotides in length, or from about 2 to about 4 nucleotides in length. In a particular embodiment, the 3′ overhang is present on both strands of the siRNA, and is 2 nucleotides in length. For example, each strand of the siRNA can comprise 3′ overhangs of dithymidylic acid (“TT”) or diuridylic acid (“uu”).
The siRNA can be produced chemically or biologically, or can be expressed from a recombinant plasmid or viral vector, as described above for the isolated miR gene products. Exemplary methods for producing and testing dsRNA or siRNA molecules are described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2002/0173478 to Gewirtz and in U.S. Pat. No. 7,148,342 to Reich et al., the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Expression of a given miR gene can also be inhibited by an antisense nucleic acid. As used herein, an “antisense nucleic acid” refers to a nucleic acid molecule that binds to target RNA by means of RNA-RNA or RNA-DNA or RNA-peptide nucleic acid interactions, which alters the activity of the target RNA. Antisense nucleic acids suitable for use in the present methods are single-stranded nucleic acids (for example, RNA, DNA, RNA-DNA chimeras, PNA) that generally comprise a nucleic acid sequence complementary to a contiguous nucleic acid sequence in an miR gene product. The antisense nucleic acid can comprise a nucleic acid sequence that is 50-100% complementary, 75-100% complementary, or 95-100% complementary to a contiguous nucleic acid sequence in an miR gene product. Nucleic acid sequences for the miR gene products are provided in Table 1. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the antisense nucleic acids activate RNase H or another cellular nuclease that digests the miR gene product/antisense nucleic acid duplex.
Antisense nucleic acids can also contain modifications to the nucleic acid backbone or to the sugar and base moieties (or their equivalent) to enhance target specificity, nuclease resistance, delivery or other properties related to efficacy of the molecule. Such modifications include cholesterol moieties, duplex intercalators, such as acridine, or one or more nuclease-resistant groups.
Antisense nucleic acids can be produced chemically or biologically, or can be expressed from a recombinant plasmid or viral vector, as described above for the isolated miR gene products. Exemplary methods for producing and testing are within the skill in the art; see, for example, Stein and Cheng (1993), Science 261:1004 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,902 to Woolf et al., the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Expression of a given miR gene can also be inhibited by an enzymatic nucleic acid. As used herein, an “enzymatic nucleic acid” refers to a nucleic acid comprising a substrate binding region that has complementarity to a contiguous nucleic acid sequence of an miR gene product, and which is able to specifically cleave the miR gene product. The enzymatic nucleic acid substrate binding region can be, for example, 50-100% complementary, 75-100% complementary, or 95-100% complementary to a contiguous nucleic acid sequence in a miR gene product. The enzymatic nucleic acids can also comprise modifications at the base, sugar, and/or phosphate groups. An exemplary enzymatic nucleic acid for use in the present methods is a ribozyme.
The enzymatic nucleic acids can be produced chemically or biologically, or can be expressed from a recombinant plasmid or viral vector, as described above for the isolated miR gene products. Exemplary methods for producing and testing dsRNA or siRNA molecules are described in Werner and Uhlenbeck (1995), Nucl. Acids Res. 23:2092-96; Hammann et al. (1999), Antisense and Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 9:25-31; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,071 to Cech et al, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Administration of at least one miR gene product, or at least one compound for inhibiting miR expression, will inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in a subject who has a cancer associated with a cancer-associated chromosomal feature. As used herein, to “inhibit the proliferation of a cancer cell” means to kill the cell, or permanently or temporarily arrest or slow the growth of the cell. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation can be inferred if the number of such cells in the subject remains constant or decreases after administration of the miR gene products or miR gene expression-inhibiting compounds. An inhibition of cancer cell proliferation can also be inferred if the absolute number of such cells increases, but the rate of tumor growth decreases.
The number of cancer cells in a subject's body can be determined by direct measurement, or by estimation from the size of primary or metastatic tumor masses. For example, the number of cancer cells in a subject can be measured by immunohistological methods, flow cytometry, or other techniques designed to detect characteristic surface markers of cancer cells.
The size of a tumor mass can be ascertained by direct visual observation, or by diagnostic imaging methods, such as X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and scintigraphy. Diagnostic imaging methods used to ascertain size of the tumor mass can be employed with or without contrast agents, as is known in the art. The size of a tumor mass can also be ascertained by physical means, such as palpation of the tissue mass or measurement of the tissue mass with a measuring instrument, such as a caliper.
The miR gene products or miR gene expression-inhibiting compounds can be administered to a subject by any means suitable for delivering these compounds to cancer cells of the subject. For example, the miR gene products or miR expression inhibiting compounds can be administered by methods suitable to transfect cells of the subject with these compounds, or with nucleic acids comprising sequences encoding these compounds. In one embodiment, the cells are transfected with a plasmid or viral vector comprising sequences encoding at least one miR gene product or miR gene expression inhibiting compound.
Transfection methods for eukaryotic cells are well known in the art, and include, for example, direct injection of the nucleic acid into the nucleus or pronucleus of a cell; electroporation; liposome transfer or transfer mediated by lipophilic materials; receptor-mediated nucleic acid delivery, bioballistic or particle acceleration; calcium phosphate precipitation, and transfection mediated by viral vectors.
For example, cells can be transfected with a liposomal transfer compound, such as, DOTAP (N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethyl-ammonium methylsulfate, Boehringer-Mannheim) or an equivalent, such as LIPOFECTIN. The amount of nucleic acid used is not critical to the practice of the invention; acceptable results may be achieved with 0.1-100 micrograms of nucleic acid/105 cells. For example, a ratio of about 0.5 micrograms of plasmid vector in 3 micrograms of DOTAP per 105 cells can be used.
A miR gene product or miR gene expression inhibiting compound can also be administered to a subject by any suitable enteral or parenteral administration route. Suitable enteral administration routes for the present methods include, for example, oral, rectal, or intranasal delivery. Suitable parenteral administration routes include, for example, intravascular administration (for example, intravenous bolus injection, intravenous infusion, intra-arterial bolus injection, intra-arterial infusion and catheter instillation into the vasculature); peri- and intra-tissue injection (for example, peri-tumoral and intra-tumoral injection, intra-retinal injection, or subretinal injection); subcutaneous injection or deposition, including subcutaneous infusion (such as by osmotic pumps); direct application to the tissue of interest, for example by a catheter or other placement device (for example, a retinal pellet or a suppository or an implant comprising a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material); and inhalation. Particularly suitable administration routes are injection, infusion and direct injection into the tumor.
In the present methods, a miR gene product or miR gene product expression inhibiting compound can be administered to the subject either as naked RNA, in combination with a delivery reagent, or as a nucleic acid (for example, a recombinant plasmid or viral vector) comprising sequences that express the miR gene product or expression inhibiting compound. Suitable delivery reagents include, for example, the Mirus Transit TKO lipophilic reagent; lipofectin; lipofectamine; cellfectin; polycations (for example, polylysine), and liposomes.
Recombinant plasmids and viral vectors comprising sequences that express the miR gene products or miR gene expression inhibiting compounds, and techniques for delivering such plasmids and vectors to cancer cells, are discussed herein.
In a particular embodiment, liposomes are used to deliver a miR gene product or miR gene expression-inhibiting compound (or nucleic acids comprising sequences encoding them) to a subject. Liposomes can also increase the blood half-life of the gene products or nucleic acids. Suitable liposomes for use in the invention can be formed from standard vesicle-forming lipids, which generally include neutral or negatively charged phospholipids and a sterol, such as cholesterol. The selection of lipids is generally guided by consideration of factors, such as the desired liposome size and half-life of the liposomes in the blood stream. A variety of methods are known for preparing liposomes, for example, as described in Szoka et al. (1980), Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 9:467; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,235,871, 4,501,728, 4,837,028, and 5,019,369, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The liposomes for use in the present methods can comprise a ligand molecule that targets the liposome to cancer cells. Ligands which bind to receptors prevalent in cancer cells, such as monoclonal antibodies that bind to tumor cell antigens, are preferred.
The liposomes for use in the present methods can also be modified so as to avoid clearance by the mononuclear macrophage system (“MMS”) and reticuloendothelial system (“RES”). Such modified liposomes have opsonization-inhibition moieties on the surface or incorporated into the liposome structure. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a liposome of the invention can comprise both opsonization-inhibition moieties and a ligand.
Opsonization-inhibiting moieties for use in preparing the liposomes of the invention are typically large hydrophilic polymers that are bound to the liposome membrane. As used herein, an opsonization inhibiting moiety is “bound” to a liposome membrane when it is chemically or physically attached to the membrane, for example, by the intercalation of a lipid-soluble anchor into the membrane itself, or by binding directly to active groups of membrane lipids. These opsonization-inhibiting hydrophilic polymers form a protective surface layer that significantly decreases the uptake of the liposomes by the MMS and RES; for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Opsonization inhibiting moieties suitable for modifying liposomes are preferably water-soluble polymers with a number-average molecular weight from about 500 to about 40,000 daltons, and more preferably from about 2,000 to about 20,000 daltons. Such polymers include polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycol (PPG) derivatives; for example, methoxy PEG or PPG, and PEG or PPG stearate; synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylamide or poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone; linear, branched, or dendrimeric polyamidoamines; polyacrylic acids; polyalcohols, for example, polyvinylalcohol and polyxylitol to which carboxylic or amino groups are chemically linked, as well as gangliosides, such as ganglioside GM1. Copolymers of PEG, methoxy PEG, or methoxy PPG, or derivatives thereof, are also suitable. In addition, the opsonization inhibiting polymer can be a block copolymer of PEG and either a polyamino acid, polysaccharide, polyamidoamine, polyethyleneamine, or polynucleotide. The opsonization inhibiting polymers can also be natural polysaccharides containing amino acids or carboxylic acids, for example, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, mannuronic acid, hyaluronic acid, pectic acid, neuraminic acid, alginic acid, carrageenan; aminated polysaccharides or oligosaccharides (linear or branched); or carboxylated polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, for example, reacted with derivatives of carbonic acids with resultant linking of carboxylic groups. Preferably, the opsonization-inhibiting moiety is a PEG, PPG, or derivatives thereof. Liposomes modified with PEG or PEG-derivatives are sometimes called “PEGylated liposomes.”
The opsonization inhibiting moiety can be bound to the liposome membrane by any one of numerous well-known techniques. For example, an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of PEG can be bound to a phosphatidyl-ethanolamine lipid-soluble anchor, and then bound to a membrane. Similarly, a dextran polymer can be derivatized with a stearylamine lipid-soluble anchor via reductive amination using Na(CN)BH3 and a solvent mixture, such as tetrahydrofuran and water in a 30:12 ratio at 60° C.
Liposomes modified with opsonization-inhibition moieties remain in the circulation much longer than unmodified liposomes. For this reason, such liposomes are sometimes called “stealth” liposomes. Stealth liposomes are known to accumulate in tissues fed by porous or “leaky” microvasculature. Thus, tissue characterized by such microvasculature defects, for example solid tumors, will efficiently accumulate these liposomes; see Gabizon, et al. (1988), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 18:6949-53. In addition, the reduced uptake by the RES lowers the toxicity of stealth liposomes by preventing significant accumulation of the liposomes in the liver and spleen. Thus, liposomes that are modified with opsonization-inhibition moieties are particularly suited to deliver the miR gene products or miR gene expression inhibition compounds (or nucleic acids comprising sequences encoding them) to tumor cells.
The miR gene products or miR gene expression inhibition compounds can be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions, sometimes called “medicaments,” prior to administering them to a subject, according to techniques known in the art. Accordingly, the invention encompasses pharmaceutical compositions for treating breast cancer. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions comprise at least one isolated miR gene product and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. In a particular embodiment, the at least one miR gene product corresponds to a miR gene product that has a decreased level of expression in breast cancer cells relative to suitable control cells. In certain embodiments the isolated miR gene product is selected from the group consisting of miR-145, miR-10b, miR-123 (miR-126), miR-140-as, miR-125a, miR-125b-1, miR-125b-2, miR-194, miR-204, let-7a-2, let-7a-3, let-7d (let-7d-v1), let-7f-2, miR-101-1, miR-143 and combinations thereof.
In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise at least one miR expression inhibition compound. In a particular embodiment, the at least one miR gene expression inhibition compound is specific for a miR gene whose expression is greater in breast cancer cells than control cells. In certain embodiments, the miR gene expression inhibition compound is specific for one or more miR gene products selected from the group consisting of miR-21, miR-155, miR-009-1 (miR131-1), miR-34 (miR-170), miR-102 (miR-29b), miR-213, let-7i (let-7d-v2), miR-122a, miR-128b, miR-136, miR-149, miR-191, miR-196-1, miR-196-2, miR-202, miR-203, miR-206, miR-210, miR-213 and combinations thereof.
Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are characterized as being at least sterile and pyrogen-free. As used herein, “pharmaceutical formulations” include formulations for human and veterinary use. Methods for preparing pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are within the skill in the art, for example as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1985), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present pharmaceutical formulations comprise at least one miR gene product or miR gene expression inhibition compound (or at least one nucleic acid comprising sequences encoding them) (for example, 0.1 to 90% by weight), or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, mixed with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical formulations of the invention can also comprise at least one miR gene product or miR gene expression inhibition compound (or at least one nucleic acid comprising sequences encoding them) which are encapsulated by liposomes and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions comprise a miR gene or gene product that is not miR-15, miR-16, miR-143 and/or miR-145.
Especially suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers are water, buffered water, normal saline, 0.4% saline, 0.3% glycine, hyaluronic acid and the like.
In a particular embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise at least one miR gene product or miR gene expression inhibition compound (or at least one nucleic acid comprising sequences encoding them) which is resistant to degradation by nucleases. One skilled in the art can readily synthesize nucleic acids which are nuclease resistant, for example by incorporating one or more ribonucleotides that are modified at the 2′-position into the miR gene products. Suitable 2′-modified ribonucleotides include those modified at the 2′-position with fluoro, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, and O-allyl.
Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can also comprise conventional pharmaceutical excipients and/or additives. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include stabilizers, antioxidants, osmolality adjusting agents, buffers, and pH adjusting agents. Suitable additives include, for example, physiologically biocompatible buffers (for example, tromethamine hydrochloride), additions of chelants (such as, for example, DTPA or DTPA-bisamide) or calcium chelate complexes (such as, for example, calcium DTPA, CaNaDTPA-bisamide), or, optionally, additions of calcium or sodium salts (for example, calcium chloride, calcium ascorbate, calcium gluconate or calcium lactate). Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be packaged for use in liquid form, or can be lyophilized.
For solid pharmaceutical compositions of the invention, conventional nontoxic solid pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers can be used; for example, pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talcum, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, magnesium carbonate, and the like.
For example, a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration can comprise any of the carriers and excipients listed above and 10-95%, preferably 25%-75%, of the at least one miR gene product or miR gene expression inhibition compound (or at least one nucleic acid comprising sequences encoding them). A pharmaceutical composition for aerosol (inhalational) administration can comprise 0.01-20% by weight, preferably 1%-10% by weight, of the at least one miR gene product or miR gene expression inhibition compound (or at least one nucleic acid comprising sequences encoding them) encapsulated in a liposome as described above, and a propellant. A carrier can also be included as desired; for example, lecithin for intranasal delivery.
The invention also encompasses methods of identifying an anti-breast cancer agent, comprising providing a test agent to a cell and measuring the level of at least one miR gene product in the cell. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a test agent to a cell and measuring the level of at least one miR gene product associated with decreased expression levels in breast cancer cells. An increase in the level of the miR gene product in the cell, relative to a suitable control cell, is indicative of the test agent being an anti-breast cancer agent. In a particular embodiment, at least one miR gene product associated with decreased expression levels in breast cancer cells is selected from the group consisting of miR-145, miR-10b, miR-123 (miR-126), miR-140-as, miR-125a, miR-125b-1, miR-125b-2, miR-194, miR-204, let-7a-2, let-7a-3, let-7d (let-7d-v1), let-7f-2, miR-101-1, miR-143 and combinations thereof.
In other embodiments the method comprises providing a test agent to a cell and measuring the level of at least one miR gene product associated with increased expression levels in breast cancer cells. A decrease in the level of the miR gene product in the cell, relative to a suitable control cell, is indicative of the test agent being an anti-breast cancer agent. In a particular embodiment, at least one miR gene product associated with increased expression levels in breast cancer cells is selected from the group consisting of miR-21, miR-155, miR-009-1 (miR131-1), miR-34 (miR-170), miR-102 (miR-29b), miR-213, let-7i (let-7d-v2), miR-122a, miR-128b, miR-136, miR-149, miR-191, miR-196-1, miR-196-2, miR-202, miR-203, miR-206, miR-210, miR-213 and combinations thereof.
Suitable agents include, but are not limited to drugs (for example, small molecules, peptides), and biological macromolecules (for example, proteins, nucleic acids). The agent can be produced recombinantly, synthetically, or it may be isolated (i.e., purified) from a natural source. Various methods for providing such agents to a cell (for example, transfection) are well known in the art, and several of such methods are described hereinabove. Methods for detecting the expression of at least one miR gene product (for example, Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, expression profiling) are also well known in the art. Several of these methods are also described hereinabove.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1 Identification of a microRNA Expression Signature that Discriminates Breast Cancer Tissues from Normal Tissues Materials and Methods
Breast Cancer Samples and Cell Lines.
RNAs from primary tumors were obtained from 76 samples collected at the University of Ferrara (Italy), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano (Italy) and Thomas Jefferson University (Philadelphia, Pa.). Clinico-pathological information was available for 58 tumor samples. RNA from normal samples consisted of 6 pools of RNA from 5 normal breast tissues each, as well as RNA from 4 additional single breast tissues. Breast cancer RNAs were also obtained from the following cell lines: Hs578-T, MCF7, T47D, BT20, SK-BR-3, HBL100, HCC2218, MDA-MB-175, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-453 and MDAMB-468.
miRNA Microarray.
Total RNA isolation was performed with Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA labeling and hybridization on microRNA microarray chips was performed as previously described (Liu, C.-G., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:9740-9744 (2004)). Briefly, 5 μg of RNA from each sample was labeled with biotin during reverse transcription using random hexamers. Hybridization was carried out on a miRNA microarray chip (KCl version 1.0), which contains 368 probes, including 245 human and mouse miRNA genes, in triplicate. Hybridization signals were detected by binding of biotin to a Streptavidin-Alexa647 conjugate using a Perkin-Elmer ScanArray XL5K. Scanner images were quantified by the Quantarray software (Perkin Elmer).
Statistical and bioinformatic analysis of microarray data. Raw data were normalized and analyzed using the GeneSpring® software, version 7.2 (SiliconGenetics, Redwood City, Calif.). Expression data were median centered. Statistical comparisons were performed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), using the Benjamini and Hochberg correction for reduction of false positives. Prognostic miRNAs for tumor or normal class prediction were determined using both the PAM software (Prediction Analysis of Microarrays) (Tibshirani, R., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:6567-6572 (2002)) and the Support Vector Machine (Furey, T. S., et al. Bioinformatics 16: 906-914 (2000)) software. Both algorithms were used for Cross-validation and Test-set prediction. All data were submitted using MIAMExpress to the Array Express database.
Northern Blotting.
Northern blot analysis was performed as previously described (Calin, G. A., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:15524-29 (2002)). RNA samples (10 μg each) were electrophoresed on 15% acrylamide, 7 M urea Criterion pre-casted gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto Hybond-N+ membrane (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The hybridization was performed at 37° C. in 7% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/0.2M Na2PO4 (pH 7.0) for 16 hours. Membranes were washed twice at 42° C. with 2× standard saline phosphate (0.18 M NaCl/10 mM phosphate, pH 7.4), supplemented with 1 mM EDTA (SSPE) and 0.1% SDS, and twice with 0.5×SSPE/0.1% SDS. Oligonucleotide probes were complementary to the sequence of the corresponding mature microRNA (see Sanger miR Registry): miR-21 5′-TCA ACA TCA GTC TGA TAA GCT A-3′ (SEQ ID NO:287); miR-125b1: 5′-TCA CAA GTT AGG GTC TCA GGG A-3′ (SEQ ID NO:288); miR-145: 5′-AAG GGA TTC CTG GGA AAA CTG GAC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:289). An oligonucleotide that was complementary to the U6 RNA (5′-GCA GGG GCC ATG CTA ATC TTC TCT GTA TCG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:290)) was used for normalizing expression levels. 200 μg of each probe was end labeled with 100 mCi [gamma-32P]-ATP using a polynucleotide kinase (Roche). Northern Blots were stripped in a boiling 0.1% SDS solution for 10 minutes before re-hybridization.
Results
A microRNA microarray (Liu, C.-G., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:9740-9744 (2004)) was used to generate microRNA expression profiles for 10 normal and 76 neoplastic breast tissues. Each tumor sample was derived from a single specimen, while 6 of the 10 normal samples consisted of pools of RNA made from five different normal breast tissues. Hence, 34 normal breast samples were actually examined in the study.
To identify miRNAs that were differentially-expressed between normal and tumor samples, and, therefore, can be used to distinguish normal from cancerous breast tissues, analyses of variance and class prediction statistical tools were utilized. Results of the ANOVA analysis on normalized data generated a profile of differentially-expressed miRNAs (p<0.05) between normal and cancerous breast tissues (Table 2). Cluster analysis, based on differentially-expressed miRNA, generated a tree having a clear distinction between normal and cancer tissues (FIG. 1A).
To accurately identify a set of predictive miRNAs capable of differentiating normal from breast cancer tissues, we used Support Vector Machine (GeneSpring software) and PAM (Prediction Analysis of Micro arrays). Results from the two class prediction analyses largely overlapped (Table 3 and FIG. 1B). Among the miRNAs listed in Table 3, 11 of 15 have an ANOVA p-value of less than 0.05. To confirm the results obtained by microarray analysis, we performed Northern blot analysis to assess expression levels for a subset of microRNAs, namely, mir-125b, mir-145 and mir-21, that were differentially-expressed in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Northern blot analysis confirmed results obtained by microarray analysis. In many cases, expression differences appeared stronger than those anticipated by the microarray studies (FIG. 1C).
TABLE 2
miRNAs differentially-expressed between breast carcinoma and normal breast tissue.
Breast Cancer Normal Breast
Median Range Median Range
P-value Normalized Min Max Normalized Min Max
let-7a-2 1.94E−02 1.67 0.96 - 6.21 2.30 1.34 - 5.00
let-7a-3 4.19E−02 1.26 0.81 - 3.79 1.58 1.02 - 2.91
let-7d (=7d-v1) 4.61E−03 0.90 0.59 - 1.54 1.01 0.83 - 1.25
let-7f-2 6.57E−03 0.84 0.51 - 1.58 0.92 0.76 - 1.03
let-7i (=let-7d-v2) 3.38E−02 2.05 1.02 - 7.49 1.53 1.01 - 3.47
mir-009-1 (mir-131-1) 9.12E−03 1.36 0.69 - 4.16 1.01 0.61 - 2.44
mir-010b 4.49E−02 1.11 0.69 - 4.79 1.70 0.96 - 6.32
mir-021 4.67E−03 1.67 0.66 - 26.43 1.08 0.80 - 2.31
mir-034 (mir-170) 1.06E−02 1.67 0.70 - 6.40 1.09 0.65 - 3.17
mir-101-1 4.15E−03 0.83 0.52 - 1.26 0.90 0.77 - 1.05
mir-122a 3.43E−03 2.21 0.93 - 8.08 1.48 1.06 - 3.67
mir-125a 3.28E−03 1.20 0.69 - 2.36 1.73 1.21 - 3.34
mir-125b-1 2.65E−02 1.30 0.55 - 8.68 2.87 1.45 - 18.38
mir-125b-2 2.33E−02 1.26 0.69 - 8.28 2.63 1.40 - 18.78
mir-126b 1.60E−02 1.12 0.68 - 7.34 1.02 0.89 - 1.27
mir-136 2.42E−03 1.32 0.74 - 10.26 1.05 0.76 - 1.47
mir-143 7.11E−03 0.87 0.68 - 1.33 0.98 0.81 - 1.17
mir-145 4.02E−03 1.52 0.92 - 8.46 3.61 1.85 - 14.45
mir-149 2.75E−02 1.11 0.53 - 1.73 1.03 0.83 - 1.22
mir-155(BIC) 1.24E−03 1.75 0.95 - 11.45 1.37 1.11 - 1.88
mir-191 4.26E−02 5.17 1.03 - 37.81 3.12 1.45 - 14.56
mir-196-1 1.07E−02 1.20 0.57 - 3.95 0.95 0.66 - 1.75
mir-196-2 1.16E−03 1.46 0.57 - 5.55 1.04 0.79 - 1.80
mir-202 1.25E−02 1.05 0.71 - 2.03 0.89 0.65 - 1.20
mir-203 4.06E−07 1.12 0.50 - 5.89 0.86 0.71 - 1.04
mir-204 2.15E−03 0.78 0.46 - 1.04 0.89 0.72 - 1.08
mir-206 1.42E−02 2.55 1.22 - 8.42 1.95 1.34 - 3.22
mir-210 6.40E−13 1.60 0.98 - 12.13 1.12 0.97 - 1.29
mir-213 1.08E−02 3.72 1.42 - 40.83 2.47 1.35 - 5.91
TABLE 3
Normal and tumor breast tissues class predictor microRNAs
Median SVM
expression ANOVAa prediction PAM scorec Chromos
miRNA name Cancer Normal Probability strengthb Cancer Normal map
mir-009-1 1.36 1.01 0.0091 8.05 0.011 −0.102 1q22
mir-010b 1.11 1.70 0.0449 8.70 −0.032 0.299 2q31
mir-021 1.67 1.08 0.0047 10.20 0.025 −0.235 17q23.2
mir-034 1.67 1.09 0.0106 8.05 0.011 −0.106 1p36.22
mir-102 (mir-29b) 1.36 1.14 >0.10 8.92 0.000 −0.004 1q32.2-32.3
mir-123 (mir-126) 0.92 1.13 0.0940 9.13 −0.015 0.138 9q34
mir-125a 1.20 1.73 0.0033 8.99 −0.040 0.381 19q13.4
mir-125b-1 1.30 2.87 0.0265 14.78 −0.096 0.915 11q24.1
mir-125b-2 1.26 2.63 0.0233 17.62 −0.106 1.006 21q11.2
mir-140-as 0.93 1.10 0.0695 11.01 −0.005 0.050 16q22.1
mir-145 1.52 3.61 0.0040 12.93 −0.158 1.502 5q32-33
mir-155(BIC) 1.75 1.37 0.0012 10.92 0.003 −0.030 21q21
mir-194 0.96 1.09 >0.10 11.12 −0.025 0.234 1q41
mir-204 0.78 0.89 0.0022 8.10 −0.015 0.144 9q21.1
mir-213 3.72 2.47 0.0108 9.44 0.023 −0.220 1q31.3-q32.1
aAnalysis of Variance (Welch t-test in Genespring software package) as calculated in Table 2.
bSupport Vector Machine prediction analysis tool (from Genespring 7.2 software package). Prediction strengths are calculated as negative natural log of the probability to predict the observed number of samples, in one of the two classes, by chance. The higher is the score, the best is the prediction strength.
cCentroid scores for the two classes of the Prediction Analysis of Microarrays (Tibshirani, R., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 6567-6572 (2002)).
Of the 29 miRNAs whose expression is significantly (p<0.05) deregulated according to the microarray analysis, a set of 15 miRNAs were able to correctly predict the nature of the sample analyzed (i.e., normal vs. tumor) with 100% accuracy. Among the differentially-expressed miRNAs, miR-10b, miR-125b, miR145, miR-21 and miR-155 were the most consistently deregulated miRNAs in breast cancer samples. Three of these, namely, miR-10b, miR-125b and miR-145, were down-regulated, while the remaining two, miR-21 and miR-155, were up-regulated, suggesting that they might act as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, respectively.
Example 2 Determination of Putative Gene Targets of miRNAs that are Deregulated in Breast Cancer Tissues At present, the lack of knowledge about bona fide miRNA gene targets hampers a full understanding of which biological functions are deregulated in cancers characterized by aberrant miRNA expression. To identify putative targets of the most significantly de-regulated miRNAs from our study: miR-10b, miR125b, miR-145, miR-21 and miR-155 (see Example 1), we utilized multiple computational approaches. In particular, the analysis was performed using three algorithms, miRanda, TargetScan and PicTar, which are used to predict human miRNA gene targets (Enright, A. J., et al. Genome Biol. 5:R1 (2003); Lewis, B. P. et al., Cell 115:787-798 (2003); Krek, A., et al., Nat. Genet. 37:495-500 (2005)). The results obtained using each of the three algorithms were cross-referenced with one another to validate putative targets, and only targets that were identified by at least 2 of the 3 algorithms were considered. Results of this analysis are presented in Table 4.
Several genes with potential oncogenic functions were identified as putative targets of miRNAs that are down-regulated in breast cancer samples. Notably, oncogenes were identified as targets of miR-10b (for example, FLT1, the v-crk homolog, the growth factor BDNF and the transducing factor SHC1), miR-125b (for example, YES, ETS1, TEL, AKT3, the growth factor receptor FGFR2 and members of the mitogen-activated signal transduction pathway VTS58635, MAP3K10, MAP3K11, MAPK14), and miR-145 (for example, MYCN, FOS, YES and FLI1, integration site of Friend leukemia virus, cell cycle promoters, such as cyclins D2 and L1, MAPK transduction proteins, such as MAP3K3 and MAP4K4). The proto-oncogene, YES, and the core-binding transcription factor, CBFB, were determined to be potential targets of both miR-125 and miR-145.
Consistent with these findings, multiple tumor suppressor genes were identified as targets of miR-21 and miR-155, miRNAs that are up-regulated in breast cancer cells. For miR-21, the TGFB gene was predicted as target by all three methods. For miR-155, potential targets included the tumor suppressor genes, SOCS1 and APC, and the kinase, WEE1, which blocks the activity of Cdc2 and prevents entry into mitosis. The hypoxia inducible factor, HIF1A, was also a predicted target of miR-155. Notably, the tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM2, the proto-oncogene, SKI, and the RAS homologs, RAB6A and RAB6C, were found as potential targets of both miR-21 and miR-155.
TABLE 4
Putative gene targets of differentially-expressed miRNA identified by at least two prediction methods
Prediction
miRNA Genbank Gene Symbol Gene Name algorithm Gene Ontology condensed
miR-10b AL117516 38596 strand-exchange protein 1 P + T exonuclease activity|nucleus
miR-10b NM_004915 ABCG1 ATP-binding cassette, sub- P + T ATP binding|ATPase
family G (WHITE), member 1 activity|ATPase activity, coupled to
transmembrane movement of
substances|L-tryptophan transporter
activity|cholesterol
homeostasis|cholesterol
metabolism|detection of hormone
stimulus|integral to plasma
membrane|lipid
transport|membrane|membrane
fraction|permease activity|protein
dimerization activity|purine
nucleotide transporter
activity|response to organic
substance
miR-10b NM_001148 ANK2 ankyrin 2, neuronal P + T actin
cytoskeleton|membrane|metabolism|
oxidoreductase activity|protein
binding|signal transduction|structural
constituent of cytoskeleton
miR-10b NM_020987 ANK3 ankyrin 3, node of Ranvier P + T Golgi apparatus|cytoskeletal
(ankyrin G) anchoring|cytoskeleton|cytoskeleton|
endoplasmic reticulum|protein
binding|protein targeting|signal
transduction|structural constituent of
cytoskeleton
miR-10b NM_016376 ANKHZN ANKHZN protein P + T endocytosis|endosome
membrane|membrane|protein
binding|zinc ion binding
miR-10b NM_006380 APPBP2 amyloid beta precursor P + T binding|cytoplasm|intracellular
protein (cytoplasmic tail) protein
binding protein 2 transport|membrane|microtubule
associated complex|microtubule
motor activity|nucleus
miR-10b NM_006321 ARIH2 ariadne homolog 2 P + T development|nucleic acid
(Drosophila) binding|nucleus|protein
ubiquitination|ubiquitin ligase
complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-10b NM_001668 ARNT aryl hydrocarbon receptor P + T aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear
nuclear translocator translocator
activity|nucleus|nucleus|protein-
nucleus import,
translocation|receptor
activity|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|signal transducer
activity|signal
transduction|transcription coactivator
activity|transcription factor
activity|transcription factor activity
miR-10b AI829840 ASXL1 ESTs, Weakly similar to P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
SFRB_HUMAN Splicing DNA-dependent|transcription
factor arginine/serine-rich
11 (Arginine-rich 54 kDa
nuclear protein) (P54)
[H. sapiens]
miR-10b NM_021813 BACH2 BTB and CNC homology 1, P + T DNA binding|nucleus|protein
basic leucine zipper binding|regulation of transcription,
transcription factor 2 DNA-dependent|transcription
miR-10b NM_013450 BAZ2B bromodomain adjacent to P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
zinc finger domain, 2B transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-10b NM_001706 BCL6 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 P + T inflammatory response|mediator
(zinc finger protein 51) complex|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|nucleus|positive
regulation of cell
proliferation|protein
binding|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-10b NM_001709 BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic P + T growth factor activity|growth factor
factor activity|neurogenesis
miR-10b NM_006624 BS69 adenovirus 5 E1A binding P + T DNA binding|cell cycle|cell
protein proliferation|negative regulation of
cell cycle|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-10b AF101784 BTRC beta-transducin repeat P + T Wnt receptor signaling
containing pathway|endoplasmic
reticulum|ligase activity|signal
transduction|ubiquitin conjugating
enzyme activity|ubiquitin
cycle|ubiquitin-dependent protein
catabolism
miR-10b NM_005808 C3orf8 HYA22 protein P + T biological_process
unknown|molecular_function
unknown|nucleus
miR-10b BF111268 CAMK2G calcium/calmodulin- P + T ATP binding|ATP binding|calcium-
dependent protein kinase and calmodulin-dependent protein
(CaM kinase) II gamma kinase activity|calcium-dependent
protein serine/threonine phosphatase
activity|calmodulin
binding|cellular_component
unknown|insulin secretion|kinase
activity|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|signal
transduction|transferase activity
miR-10b NM_020184 CNNM4 cyclin M4 P + T
miR-10b NM_022730 COPS7B COP9 constitutive P + T signalosome complex
photomorphogenic homolog
subunit 7B (Arabidopsis)
miR-10b NM_016823 CRK v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 P + T SH3/SH2 adaptor activity|actin
oncogene homolog (avian) cytoskeleton organization and
biogenesis|cell
motility|cytoplasm|intracellular
signaling cascade|nucleus|regulation
of transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter
miR-10b NM_020248 CTNNBIP1 catenin, beta interacting P + T Wnt receptor signaling pathway|beta-
protein 1 catenin binding|cell
proliferation|development|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transduction
miR-10b NM_018959 DAZAP1 DAZ associated protein 1 P + T RNA binding|cell
differentiation|nucleotide
binding|nucleus|spermatogenesis
miR-10b AL136828 DKFZP434K0427 hypothetical protein P + T cation transport|cation transporter
DKFZp434K0427 activity
miR-10b R20763 DKFZp547J036 ELAV (embryonic lethal, P + T
abnormal vision,
Drosophila)-like 3 (Hu
antigen C)
miR-10b AF009204 DLGAP2 discs, large (Drosophila) P + T cell-cell signaling|membrane|nerve-
homolog-associated protein 2 nerve synaptic
transmission|neurofilament|protein
binding
miR-10b NM_001949 E2F3 E2F transcription factor 3 P + T nucleus|protein binding|regulation of
cell cycle|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
complex|transcription initiation from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-10b NM_022659 EBF2 early B-cell factor 2 P + T DNA
binding|development|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-10b NM_004432 ELAVL2 ELAV (embryonic lethal, P + T RNA binding|mRNA 3′-UTR
abnormal vision, binding|nucleotide binding|regulation
Drosophila)-like 2 (Hu of transcription, DNA-dependent
antigen B)
miR-10b NM_001420 ELAVL3 ELAV (embryonic lethal, P + T RNA binding|cell
abnormal vision, differentiation|mRNA 3′-UTR
Drosophila)-like 3 (Hu binding|neurogenesis|nucleotide
antigen C) binding
miR-10b NM_004438 EPHA4 EphA4 P + T ATP binding|ephrin receptor
activity|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|protein amino
acid phosphorylation|receptor
activity|signal
transduction|transferase
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine kinase signaling
pathway
miR-10b AL035703 EPHA8; EEK; EphA8 P + T
HEK3; Hek3;
KIAA1459
miR-10b NM_004468 FHL3 four and a half LIM P + T muscle development|zinc ion binding
domains 3
miR-10b NM_024679 FLJ11939 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ11939
miR-10b AI742838 FLJ32122 hypothetical protein P + T GTP binding|GTPase
FLJ32122 binding|guanyl-nucleotide exchange
factor activity
miR-10b AL040935 FLJ33957 hypothetical protein P + T protein binding
FLJ33957
miR-10b AA058828 FLT1 ESTs P + T ATP binding|angiogenesis|cell
differentiation|extracellular
space|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|positive
regulation of cell
proliferation|pregnancy|protein
amino acid phosphorylation|receptor
activity|transferase
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine kinase signaling
pathway|vascular endothelial growth
factor receptor activity
miR-10b NM_004860 FXR2 fragile X mental retardation, P + T RNA binding|cytoplasm|cytosolic
autosomal homolog 2 large ribosomal subunit (sensu
Eukaryota)|nucleus
miR-10b NM_020474 GALNT1 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D- P + T Golgi apparatus|O-linked
galactosamine:polypeptide glycosylation|integral to
N-acetylgalactosaminyl- membrane|manganese ion
transferase 1 binding|polypeptide N-
(GalNAc-T1) acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
activity|sugar binding|transferase
activity, transferring glycosyl groups
miR-10b D87811 GATA6 GATA binding protein 6 P + T muscle development|nucleus|positive
regulation of transcription|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcriptional
activator activity|zinc ion binding
miR-10b NM_000840 GRM3 glutamate receptor, P + T G-protein coupled receptor protein
metabotropic 3 signaling pathway|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|metabotropic
glutamate, GABA-B-like receptor
activity|negative regulation of
adenylate cyclase activity|receptor
activity|signal transduction|synaptic
transmission
miR-10b NM_005316 GTF2H1 general transcription factor P + T DNA repair|[RNA-polymerase]-
IIH, polypeptide 1, 62 kDa subunit kinase activity|general RNA
polymerase II transcription factor
activity|nucleus|regulation of cyclin
dependent protein kinase
activity|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor TFIIH complex|transcription
from RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-10b AF232772 HAS3 hyaluronan synthase 3 P + T carbohydrate metabolism|hyaluronan
synthase activity|integral to plasma
membrane|transferase activity,
transferring glycosyl groups
miR-10b AL023584 HIVEP2 human immunodeficiency P + T
virus type I enhancer
binding protein 2
miR-10b S79910 HOXA1 homeo box A1 P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
factor
activity|development|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-10b NM_030661 HOXA3 homeo box A3 P + T development|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-10b AW299531 HOXD10 homeo box D10 P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
factor
activity|development|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-10b BF031714 HYA22 HYA22 protein P + T
miR-10b NM_001546 ID4 inhibitor of DNA binding 4, P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription
dominant negative helix- from RNA polymerase II
loop-helix protein promoter|transcription corepressor
activity
miR-10b NM_014333 IGSF4 immunoglobulin P + T
superfamily, member 4
miR-10b NM_014271 IL1RAPL1 interleukin 1 receptor P + T integral to membrane|learning and/or
accessory protein-like 1 memory|membrane|signal
transduction|transmembrane receptor
activity
miR-10b D87450 KIAA0261 KIAA0261 protein P + T
miR-10b AL117518 KIAA0978 KIAA0978 protein P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|transcription
miR-10b AK025960 KIAA1255 KIAA1255 protein P + T endocytosis|endosome
membrane|membrane|protein
binding|zinc ion binding
miR-10b AB037797 KIAA1376 KIAA1376 protein P + T
miR-10b NM_004795 KL klotho P + T beta-glucosidase
activity|carbohydrate
metabolism|extracellular
space|glucosidase activity|integral to
membrane|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane fraction|signal
transducer activity|soluble fraction
miR-10b NM_015995 KLF13 Kruppel-like factor 13 P + T DNA binding|RNA polymerase II
transcription factor
activity|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
from RNA polymerase II
promoter|zinc ion binding
miR-10b NM_004235 KLF4 Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut) P + T mesodermal cell fate
determination|negative regulation of
cell proliferation|negative regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|negative regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|nucleic acid
binding|nucleus|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription
factor activity|transcriptional
activator activity|transcriptional
activator activity|transcriptional
repressor activity|transcriptional
repressor activity|zinc ion
binding|zinc ion binding
miR-10b AW511293 LOC144455 hypothetical protein P + T regulation of cell cycle|regulation of
BC016658 transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity|transcription factor complex
miR-10b NM_014921 LPHN1 lectomedin-2 P + T G-protein coupled receptor
activity|integral to
membrane|latrotoxin receptor
activity|membrane|neuropeptide
signaling pathway|receptor
activity|signal transduction|sugar
binding
miR-10b NM_012325 MAPRE1 microtubule-associated P + T cell
protein, RP/EB family, proliferation|cytokinesis|microtubule
member 1 binding|mitosis|protein C-terminus
binding|regulation of cell cycle
miR-10b AA824369 MGC4643 hypothetical protein P + T Wnt receptor signaling
MGC4643 pathway|endoplasmic
reticulum|ligase activity|signal
transduction|ubiquitin conjugating
enzyme activity|ubiquitin
cycle|ubiquitin-dependent protein
catabolism
miR-10b NM_021090 MTMR3 myotubularin related protein 3 P + T cytoplasm|hydrolase activity|inositol
or phosphatidylinositol phosphatase
activity|membrane|membrane
fraction|phospholipid
dephosphorylation|protein amino
acid dephosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine phosphatase
activity|protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|protein
tyrosine/serine/threonine
phosphatase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-10b AI498126 NAC1 transcriptional repressor P + T protein binding
NAC1
miR-10b AF128458 NCOA6 nuclear receptor coactivator 6 P + T DNA recombination|DNA
repair|DNA replication|brain
development|chromatin
binding|embryonic development
(sensu Mammalia)|estrogen receptor
binding|estrogen receptor signaling
pathway|glucocorticoid receptor
signaling pathway|heart
development|ligand-dependent
nuclear receptor transcription
coactivator activity|myeloid blood
cell
differentiation|nucleus|nucleus|positive
regulation of transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter|protein
binding|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|response to
hormone stimulus|retinoid X receptor
binding|thyroid hormone receptor
binding|transcription|transcription
factor complex|transcription
initiation from RNA polymerase II
promoter|transcriptional activator
activity
miR-10b NM_006312 NCOR2 nuclear receptor corepressor 2 P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription corepressor
activity
miR-10b NM_006599 NFAT5 nuclear factor of activated P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
T-cells 5, tonicity- factor
responsive activity|excretion|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal
transduction|transcription factor
activity|transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter
miR-10b NM_006981 NR4A3 nuclear receptor subfamily M + P + T binding|nucleus|nucleus|regulation of
4, group A, member 3 transcription, DNA-
dependent|steroid hormone receptor
activity|steroid hormone receptor
activity|thyroid hormone receptor
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-10b NM_003822 NR5A2 nuclear receptor subfamily P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
5, group A, member 2 factor activity, enhancer
binding|morphogenesis|nucleus|nucleus|
regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent|steroid hormone receptor
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-10b AA295257 NRP2 neuropilin 2 P + T angiogenesis|axon guidance|cell
adhesion|cell adhesion|cell
differentiation|electron
transport|electron transporter
activity|integral to membrane|integral
to membrane|membrane|membrane
fraction|neurogenesis|receptor
activity|semaphorin receptor
activity|vascular endothelial growth
factor receptor activity|vascular
endothelial growth factor receptor
activity
miR-10b NM_000430 PAFAH1B1 platelet-activating factor P + T astral microtubule|cell cortex|cell
acetylhydrolase, isoform Ib, cycle|cell differentiation|cell
alpha subunit 45 kDa motility|cytokinesis|cytoskeleton|dynein
binding|establishment of mitotic
spindle orientation|kinetochore|lipid
metabolism|microtubule associated
complex|microtubule-based
process|mitosis|neurogenesis|nuclear
membrane|signal transduction
miR-10b NM_013382 POMT2 putative protein O- P + T O-linked glycosylation|dolichyl-
mannosyltransferase phosphate-mannose-protein
mannosyltransferase
activity|endoplasmic
reticulum|integral to
membrane|magnesium ion
binding|membrane|transferase
activity, transferring glycosyl groups
miR-10b BF337790 PURB purine-rich element binding P + T
protein B
miR-10b AI302106 RAP2A RAP2A, member of RAS P + T GTP binding|GTPase
oncogene family activity|membrane|signal
transduction|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-10b NM_002886 RAP2B RAP2B, member of RAS P + T GTP binding|protein transport|small
oncogene family GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-10b NM_014781 RB1CC1 RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 P + T kinase activity
miR-10b NM_012234 RYBP RING1 and YY1 binding P + T development|negative regulation of
protein transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|nucleus|transcription
corepressor activity
miR-10b NM_005506 SCARB2 scavenger receptor class B, P + T cell adhesion|integral to plasma
member 2 membrane|lysosomal
membrane|membrane
fraction|receptor activity
miR-10b AF225986 SCN3A sodium channel, voltage- P + T cation channel activity|cation
gated, type III, alpha transport|integral to
polypeptide membrane|membrane|sodium ion
transport|voltage-gated sodium
channel activity|voltage-gated
sodium channel complex
miR-10b NM_002997 SDC1 syndecan 1 P + T cytoskeletal protein binding|integral
to plasma membrane|membrane
miR-10b NM_006924 SFRS1 splicing factor, P + T RNA binding|mRNA splice site
arginine/serine-rich 1 selection|nuclear mRNA splicing, via
(splicing factor 2, alternate spliceosome|nucleotide
splicing factor) binding|nucleus
miR-10b AI809967 SHC1 SHC (Src homology 2 P + T activation of MAPK|activation of
domain containing) MAPK|intracellular signaling
transforming protein 1 cascade|phospholipid
binding|phospholipid binding|plasma
membrane|plasma
membrane|positive regulation of cell
proliferation|positive regulation of
cell proliferation|positive regulation
of mitosis|positive regulation of
mitosis|regulation of cell
growth|regulation of epidermal
growth factor receptor
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine kinase adaptor
protein activity|transmembrane
receptor protein tyrosine kinase
adaptor protein activity
miR-10b NM_018976 SLC38A2 solute carrier family 38, P + T amino acid transport|amino acid-
member 2 polyamine transporter
activity|integral to
membrane|membrane|oxygen
transport|oxygen transporter
activity|transport
miR-10b NM_003794 SNX4 sorting nexin 4 P + T endocytosis|intracellular signaling
cascade|protein transport
miR-10b NM_003103 SON SON DNA binding protein P + T DNA binding|DNA binding|anti-
apoptosis|double-stranded RNA
binding|intracellular|nucleic acid
binding|nucleus
miR-10b Z48199 syndecan-1 P + T
miR-10b NM_003222 TFAP2C transcription factor AP-2 P + T cell-cell signaling|nucleus|regulation
gamma (activating enhancer of transcription from RNA
binding protein 2 gamma) polymerase II
promoter|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-10b NM_003275 TMOD1 tropomodulin P + T actin
binding|cytoskeleton|cytoskeleton
organization and
biogenesis|tropomyosin binding
miR-10b NM_003367 USF2 upstream transcription factor P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
2, c-fos interacting factor activity|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-10b N62196 ZNF367 zinc finger protein 367 P + T nucleic acid binding|nucleus|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b AI948503 ABCC4 ATP-binding cassette, sub- P + T 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
family C (CFTR/MRP), dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity|ATP
member 4 binding|ATPase activity|ATPase
activity, coupled to transmembrane
movement of substances|chloride
channel activity|integral to
membrane|ion transport|membrane
miR-125b AL534702 ABHD3 abhydrolase domain M + P + T
containing 3
miR-125b AL527773 ABR active BCR-related gene P + T GTPase activator activity|guanyl-
nucleotide exchange factor
activity|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-125b NM_020039 ACCN2 amiloride-sensitive cation P + T amiloride-sensitive sodium channel
channel 2, neuronal activity|integral to plasma
membrane|ion channel activity|ion
transport|membrane|response to
pH|signal transduction|sodium ion
transport
miR-125b NM_003816 ADAM9 a disintegrin and P + T SH3 domain binding|integral to
metalloproteinase domain 9 plasma membrane|integrin
(meltrin gamma) binding|metalloendopeptidase
activity|protein binding|protein
kinase binding|protein kinase
cascade|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|zinc ion binding
miR-125b L05500 ADCY1 adenylate cyclase 1 (brain) P + T cAMP biosynthesis|calcium- and
calmodulin-responsive adenylate
cyclase activity|calmodulin
binding|integral to
membrane|intracellular signaling
cascade|magnesium ion binding
miR-125b NM_017488 ADD2 adducin 2 (beta) P + T actin binding|actin
cytoskeleton|calmodulin
binding|membrane
miR-125b NM_003488 AKAP1 A kinase (PRKA) anchor P + T RNA binding|integral to
protein 1 membrane|mitochondrion|outer
membrane
miR-125b NM_005465 AKT3 v-akt murine thymoma viral P + T ATP binding|protein amino acid
oncogene homolog 3 phosphorylation|protein
(protein kinase B, gamma) serine/threonine kinase
activity|signal
transduction|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_001150 ANPEP alanyl (membrane) P + T aminopeptidase
aminopeptidase activity|angiogenesis|cell
(aminopeptidase N, differentiation|integral to plasma
aminopeptidase M, membrane|membrane alanyl
microsomal aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase
CD13, p150) activity|metallopeptidase
activity|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|receptor activity|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b AF193759 APBA2BP amyloid beta (A4) precursor M + P + T Golgi cis cisterna|Golgi cis
protein-binding, family A, cisterna|antibiotic
member 2 binding protein biosynthesis|calcium ion
binding|cytoplasm|cytoplasm|endoplasmic
reticulum
membrane|endoplasmic reticulum
membrane|nucleus|oxidoreductase
activity|protein binding|protein
binding|protein binding|protein
metabolism|protein
metabolism|protein secretion|protein
secretion|regulation of amyloid
precursor protein biosynthesis
miR-125b NM_000038 APC adenomatosis polyposis coli P + T Wnt receptor signaling pathway|beta-
catenin binding|cell
adhesion|microtubule
binding|negative regulation of cell
cycle|protein complex
assembly|signal transduction
miR-125b NM_001655 ARCN1 archain 1 P + T COPI vesicle coat|Golgi
apparatus|clathrin vesicle coat|intra-
Golgi transport|intracellular protein
transport|intracellular protein
transport|membrane|retrograde
transport, Golgi to ER|transport
miR-125b BC001719 ASB6 ankyrin repeat and SOCS M + P intracellular signaling cascade
box-containing 6
miR-125b AI478147 ATP10D ATPase, Class V, type 10D P + T ATP binding|ATPase activity|cation
transport|hydrolase activity|integral
to membrane|magnesium ion
binding|membrane|phospholipid-
translocating ATPase activity
miR-125b NM_012069 ATP1B4 ATPase, (Na+)/K+ P + T hydrogen ion transporter
transporting, beta 4 activity|integral to plasma
polypeptide membrane|ion
transport|membrane|potassium ion
transport|proton transport|sodium ion
transport|sodium:potassium-
exchanging ATPase activity
miR-125b NM_005176 ATP5G2 ATP synthase, H+ M + P + T ATP synthesis coupled proton
transporting, mitochondrial transport|hydrogen-transporting ATP
F0 complex, subunit c synthase activity, rotational
(subunit 9), isoform 2 mechanism|hydrogen-transporting
ATPase activity, rotational
mechanism|ion transport|lipid
binding|membrane|membrane
fraction|mitochondrion|proton
transport|proton-transporting ATP
synthase complex (sensu
Eukaryota)|proton-transporting two-
sector ATPase complex|transporter
activity
miR-125b NM_001702 BAI1 brain-specific angiogenesis M + P + T G-protein coupled receptor
inhibitor 1 activity|axonogenesis|brain-specific
angiogenesis inhibitor activity|cell
adhesion|integral to plasma
membrane|intercellular
junction|negative regulation of cell
proliferation|neuropeptide signaling
pathway|peripheral nervous system
development|plasma
membrane|protein binding|receptor
activity|signal transduction
miR-125b NM_001188 BAK1 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 M + T apoptotic mitochondrial
changes|induction of
apoptosis|integral to
membrane|protein
heterodimerization
activity|regulation of apoptosis
miR-125b NM_013449 BAZ2A bromodomain adjacent to P + T DNA binding|chromatin
zinc finger domain, 2A remodeling|nucleolus organizer
complex|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
regulator activity
miR-125b NM_004634 BRPF1 bromodomain and PHD M + P + T DNA
finger containing, 1 binding|nucleus|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b NM_003458 BSN bassoon (presynaptic P + T cytoskeleton|metal ion
cytomatrix protein) binding|nucleus|structural constituent
of cytoskeleton|synapse|synaptic
transmission|synaptosome
miR-125b NM_018108 C14orf130 hypothetical protein P + T ubiquitin cycle|ubiquitin-protein
FLJ10483 ligase activity
miR-125b AA025877 C20orf136 chromosome 20 open P + T
reading frame 136
miR-125b AB054985 CACNB1 calcium channel, voltage- M + P + T calcium ion transport|ion
dependent, beta 1 subunit transport|membrane fraction|muscle
contraction|voltage-gated calcium
channel activity|voltage-gated
calcium channel complex
miR-125b NM_001224 CASP2 caspase 2, apoptosis-related P + T anti-apoptosis|apoptotic
cysteine protease (neural program|caspase activity|caspase
precursor cell expressed, activity|caspase activity|cysteine-
developmentally down- type peptidase activity|enzyme
regulated 2) binding|intracellular|protein
binding|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|regulation of apoptosis
miR-125b NM_001755 CBFB core-binding factor, beta M + P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
subunit factor activity|nucleus|transcription
coactivator activity|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-125b AV648364 CBX7 ESTs, Highly similar to P + T chromatin|chromatin assembly or
potassium voltage-gated disassembly|chromatin
channel, Isk-related binding|chromatin
subfamily, gene 4; modification|nucleus|regulation of
potassium voltage-gated transcription, DNA-
channel-like protein, Isk- dependent|transcription
related subfamily
[Homo sapiens]
[H. sapiens]
miR-125b NM_001408 CELSR2 cadherin, EGF LAG seven- M + P + T G-protein coupled receptor
pass G-type receptor 2 activity|calcium ion binding|cell
(flamingo homolog, adhesion|development|homophilic
Drosophila) cell adhesion|integral to
membrane|membrane|neuropeptide
signaling pathway|receptor
activity|signal transduction|structural
molecule activity
miR-125b NM_015955 CGI-27 C21orf19-like protein P + T
miR-125b AF263462 CGN cingulin P + T actin binding|biological_process
unknown|motor
activity|myosin|protein binding|tight
junction
miR-125b AF064491 CLIM2 LIM domain binding 1 P + T LIM domain
binding|development|development|negative
regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|nucleus|transcription
cofactor activity|transcriptional
repressor activity
miR-125b AU152178 CMG2 capillary morphogenesis P + T integral to membrane|receptor
protein 2 activity
miR-125b NM_004073 CNK cytokine-inducible kinase P + T ATP binding|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
binding|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|regulation of cell
cycle|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_020348 CNNM1 cyclin M1 M + P + T fatty acid biosynthesis
miR-125b NM_022730 COPS7B COP9 constitutive M + P + T signalosome complex
photomorphogenic homolog
subunit 7B (Arabidopsis)
miR-125b NM_003389 CORO2A coronin, actin binding P + T actin binding|glutamate-ammonia
protein, 2A ligase activity|glutamine
biosynthesis|intracellular signaling
cascade|nitrogen compound
metabolism|protein binding
miR-125b BF939649 CORO2B coronin, actin binding P + T actin binding|actin cytoskeleton|actin
protein, 2B cytoskeleton organization and
biogenesis|membrane
miR-125b NM_007007 CPSF6 cleavage and P + T RNA binding|mRNA
polyadenylation specific processing|nucleic acid
factor 6, 68 kDa binding|nucleotide binding|nucleus
miR-125b NM_004386 CSPG3 chondroitin sulfate P + T calcium ion binding|cell
proteoglycan 3 (neurocan) adhesion|cell motility|hyaluronic acid
binding|sugar binding
miR-125b NM_004393 DAG1 dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin- M + P + T actin cytoskeleton|calcium ion
associated glycoprotein 1) binding|extracellular matrix (sensu
Metazoa)|integral to plasma
membrane|laminin receptor
activity|membrane fraction|muscle
contraction|plasma
membrane|protein binding|protein
complex assembly
miR-125b NM_014764 DAZAP2 DAZ associated protein 2 P + T
miR-125b NM_030927 DC-TM4F2 tetraspanin similar to P + T integral to membrane
TM4SF9
miR-125b NM_004082 DCTN1 dynactin 1 (p150, glued M + P + T cytoplasm|cytoskeleton|dynein
homolog, Drosophila) complex|mitosis|motor
activity|neurogenesis
miR-125b NM_030621 DICER1 Dicer1, Dcr-1 homolog P + T ATP binding|ATP-dependent
(Drosophila) helicase activity|RNA interference,
targeting of mRNA for
destruction|RNA processing|double-
stranded RNA binding|endonuclease
activity|hydrolase
activity|intracellular|ribonuclease III
activity
miR-125b U53506 DIO2 deiodinase, iodothyronine, P + T integral to
type II membrane|membrane|selenium
binding|selenocysteine
incorporation|thyroid hormone
generation|thyroxine 5′-deiodinase
activity|thyroxine 5′-deiodinase
activity
miR-125b AL136139 dJ761I2.1 P + T
miR-125b AL357503 dJ899C14.1 Q9H4T4 like P + T
miR-125b AL117482 DKFZP434C131 DKFZP434C131 protein P + T ATP binding|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-125b AK023580 DKFZP434H0820 hypothetical protein P + T
DKFZp434H0820
miR-125b T16388 DKFZp564A176 hypothetical protein P + T development|integral to
DKFZp564A176 membrane|membrane|receptor
activity|semaphorin receptor activity
miR-125b AL137517 DKFZp564O1278 hypothetical protein P + T integral to membrane
DKFZp564O1278
miR-125b BE781961 DKFZp762A2013 hypothetical protein P + T electron transport|electron
DKFZp762A2013 transporter activity
miR-125b AB036931 DLL4 delta-like 4 (Drosophila) M + P + T Notch binding|Notch signaling
pathway|cell
differentiation|circulation|integral to
membrane|membrane|signal
transduction
miR-125b NM_012266 DNAJB5 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, P + T heat shock protein binding|protein
subfamily B, member 5 folding|response to unfolded
protein|unfolded protein binding
miR-125b NM_005740 DNAL4 dynein, axonemal, light P + T ATPase activity, coupled|axonemal
polypeptide 4 dynein complex|microtubule motor
activity|microtubule-based
movement
miR-125b BF593175 DOCK3 dedicator of cyto-kinesis 3 P + T GTP binding|GTPase
binding|guanyl-nucleotide exchange
factor activity
miR-125b NM_006426 DPYSL4 dihydropyrimidinase-like 4 P + T hydrolase activity|neurogenesis
miR-125b NM_006465 DRIL2 dead ringer (Drosophila)- P + T DNA binding|biological_process
like 2 (bright and dead unknown|nucleus
ringer)
miR-125b BC005047 DUSP6 dual specificity phosphatase 6 P + T MAP kinase phosphatase
activity|cytoplasm|hydrolase
activity|inactivation of
MAPK|protein amino acid
dephosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine phosphatase
activity|protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|regulation of cell
cycle|soluble fraction
miR-125b NM_004423 DVL3 dishevelled, dsh homolog 3 P + T development|frizzled signaling
(Drosophila) pathway|heart
development|intracellular|intracellular
signaling cascade|kinase
activity|neurogenesis|protein
binding|signal transducer activity
miR-125b NM_001949 E2F3 E2F transcription factor 3 P + T nucleus|protein binding|regulation of
cell cycle|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
complex|transcription initiation from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-125b AU149385 EAF1 Homo sapiens cDNA P + T
FLJ13155 fis, clone
NT2RP3003433, mRNA
sequence
miR-125b NM_014674 EDEM KIAA0212 gene product P + T ER-associated protein
catabolism|GTP binding|N-linked
glycosylation|calcium ion
binding|endoplasmic
reticulum|integral to endoplasmic
reticulum membrane|integral to
membrane|mannosyl-oligosaccharide
1,2-alpha-mannosidase
activity|membrane|protein
binding|response to unfolded protein
miR-125b NM_001955 EDN1 endothelin 1 M + P + T cell-cell signaling|extracellular
space|hormone
activity|pathogenesis|positive
regulation of cell
proliferation|regulation of blood
pressure|regulation of
vasoconstriction|signal
transduction|soluble fraction
miR-125b AI832074 EIF2C2 eukaryotic translation M + P cellular_component unknown|protein
initiation factor 2C, 2 biosynthesis|translation initiation
factor activity
miR-125b AB044548 EIF4EBP1 eukaryotic translation P + T eukaryotic initiation factor 4E
initiation factor 4E binding binding|negative regulation of
protein 1 protein biosynthesis|negative
regulation of translational
initiation|regulation of translation
miR-125b NM_020390 EIF5A2 eukaryotic translation P + T DNA binding|protein
initiation factor 5A2 biosynthesis|translation initiation
factor activity|translational initiation
miR-125b NM_004438 EPHA4 EphA4 P + T ATP binding|ephrin receptor
activity|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|protein amino
acid phosphorylation|receptor
activity|signal
transduction|transferase
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine kinase signaling
pathway
miR-125b NM_004451 ESRRA estrogen-related receptor P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
alpha DNA-dependent|steroid
binding|steroid hormone receptor
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-125b NM_004907 ETR101 immediate early protein P + T
miR-125b NM_005238 ETS1 v-ets erythroblastosis virus P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
E26 oncogene homolog 1 factor activity|immune
(avian) response|negative regulation of cell
proliferation|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-125b NM_001987 ETV6 ets variant gene 6 (TEL P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
oncogene) DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-125b NM_022763 FAD104 FAD104 P + T
miR-125b AF308300 FAPP2 phosphoinositol 4-phosphate P + T
adaptor protein-2
miR-125b NM_022976 FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor M + P + T ATP binding|cell growth|fibroblast
receptor 2 (bacteria- growth factor receptor
expressed kinase, activity|heparin binding|integral to
keratinocyte growth factor membrane|membrane|protein amino
receptor, craniofacial acid phosphorylation|protein amino
dysostosis 1, Crouzon acid phosphorylation|protein
syndrome, Pfeiffer serine/threonine kinase
syndrome, Jackson-Weiss activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
syndrome) activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|receptor activity|transferase
activity
miR-125b NM_004470 FKBP2 FK506 binding protein 2, P + T FK506 binding|endoplasmic
13 kDa reticulum|isomerase
activity|peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans
isomerase activity|protein folding
miR-125b AL160175 FKHL18 forkhead-like 18 P + T
(Drosophila)
miR-125b BF515132 FLJ00024 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ00024
miR-125b BC002945 FLJ10101 hypothetical protein M + P GTP binding|protein transport|small
FLJ10101 GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-125b NM_018243 FLJ10849 hypothetical protein P + T GTP binding|cell cycle|cytokinesis
FLJ10849
miR-125b NM_019084 FLJ10895 hypothetical protein P + T nucleus|regulation of cell cycle
FLJ10895
miR-125b NM_018320 FLJ11099 hypothetical protein P + T protein ubiquitination|ubiquitin
FLJ11099 ligase complex|ubiquitin-protein
ligase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_018375 FLJ11274 hypothetical protein M + P + T membrane|metal ion transport|metal
FLJ11274 ion transporter activity
miR-125b NM_024954 FLJ11807 hypothetical protein P + T protein modification
FLJ11807
miR-125b BF434995 FLJ14708 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ14708
miR-125b NM_018992 FLJ20040 hypothetical protein P + T membrane|potassium ion
FLJ20040 transport|protein binding|voltage-
gated potassium channel
activity|voltage-gated potassium
channel complex
miR-125b NM_017911 FLJ20635 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ20635
miR-125b NM_017936 FLJ20707 hypothetical protein M + P + T ATP synthesis coupled proton
FLJ20707 transport|cytoplasm|hydrogen-
transporting ATP synthase activity,
rotational mechanism|hydrogen-
transporting ATPase activity,
rotational
mechanism|membrane|phosphate
transport|proton-transporting two-
sector ATPase complex
miR-125b NM_024789 FLJ22529 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ22529
miR-125b AA721230 FLJ25604 hypothetical protein P + T guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor
FLJ25604 activity|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-125b AI677701 FLJ30829 hypothetical protein P + T nucleic acid binding|nucleotide
FLJ30829 binding
miR-125b NM_004475 FLOT2 flotillin 2 M + P + T cell adhesion|epidermis
development|flotillin
complex|integral to
membrane|plasma membrane|protein
binding
miR-125b AA830884 FMR1 fragile X mental retardation 1 M + T mRNA binding|mRNA
processing|mRNA-nucleus
export|nucleoplasm|polysome|ribo-
some|soluble fraction|transport
miR-125b AF305083 FUT4 fucosyltransferase 4 (alpha P + T Golgi apparatus|L-fucose
(1,3) fucosyltransferase, catabolism|alpha(1,3)-
myeloid-specific) fucosyltransferase
activity|carbohydrate
metabolism|integral to
membrane|membrane|membrane
fraction|protein amino acid
glycosylation|transferase activity,
transferring glycosyl groups
miR-125b X92762 G4.5 tafazzin (cardiomyopathy, M + P + T acyltransferase activity|heart
dilated 3A (X-linked); development|integral to
endocardial fibroelastosis 2; membrane|metabolism|muscle
Barth syndrome) contraction|muscle development
miR-125b NM_012296 GAB2 GRB2-associated binding P + T
protein 2
miR-125b NM_015044 GGA2 golgi associated, gamma M + T ADP-ribosylation factor
adaptin ear containing, ARF binding|Golgi stack|Golgi trans face|
binding protein 2 clathrin coat of trans-Golgi
network vesicle|intra-Golgi
transport|intracellular protein
transport|intracellular protein
transport|membrane|protein complex
assembly|protein transporter activity
miR-125b AL049709 GGTL3 gamma-glutamyltransferase- M + P + T
like 3
miR-125b NM_000165 GJA1 gap junction protein, alpha P + T cell-cell signaling|connexon channel
1, 43 kDa (connexin 43) activity|connexon complex|gap
junction assembly|heart
development|integral to plasma
membrane|ion transporter
activity|muscle
contraction|perception of
sound|positive regulation of I-
kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB
cascade|protein binding|signal
transducer activity|transport
miR-125b NM_014905 GLS glutaminase P + T glutaminase activity|glutamine
catabolism|hydrolase
activity|mitochondrion
miR-125b NM_005113 GOLGA5 golgi autoantigen, golgin P + T ATP binding|Golgi membrane|cell
subfamily a, 5 surface receptor linked signal
transduction|integral to plasma
membrane|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein-tyrosine
kinase activity
miR-125b NM_001448 GPC4 glypican 4 M + P + T cell proliferation|extracellular matrix
(sensu Metazoa)|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|morphogenesis
miR-125b NM_005296 GPR23 G protein-coupled receptor M + T G-protein coupled receptor protein
23 signaling pathway|integral to plasma
membrane|purinergic nucleotide
receptor activity, G-protein
coupled|receptor activity|rhodopsin-
like receptor activity|signal
transduction
miR-125b U66065 GRB10 growth factor receptor- M + T SH3/SH2 adaptor activity|cell-cell
bound protein 10 signaling|cytoplasm|insulin receptor
signaling pathway|intracellular
signaling cascade|plasma membrane
miR-125b NM_021643 GS3955 GS3955 protein P + T ATP binding|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_019096 GTPBP2 GTP binding protein 2 M + T GTP binding|GTPase activity|protein
biosynthesis|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-125b U78181 hBNaC2 amiloride-sensitive cation P + T amiloride-sensitive sodium channel
channel 2, neuronal activity|integral to plasma
membrane|ion channel activity|ion
transport|membrane|response to
pH|signal transduction|sodium ion
transport
miR-125b NM_005477 HCN4 hyperpolarization activated P + T 3′,5′-cAMP binding|cation channel
cyclic nucleotide-gated activity|cation
potassium channel 4 transport|circulation|integral to
plasma
membrane|membrane|membrane
fraction|muscle
contraction|nucleotide
binding|potassium ion
transport|sodium ion
transport|voltage-gated potassium
channel activity
miR-125b NM_002112 HDC histidine decarboxylase P + T amino acid
metabolism|catecholamine
biosynthesis|histidine decarboxylase
activity|histidine metabolism|lyase
activity
miR-125b U64317 HEF1 enhancer of filamentation 1 P + T actin filament bundle formation|cell
(cas-like docking; Crk- adhesion|cytokinesis|cytoplasm|cyto-
associated substrate related) skeleton|cytoskeleton organization
and biogenesis|integrin-mediated
signaling
pathway|mitosis|nucleus|protein
binding|regulation of cell
cycle|regulation of cell growth|signal
transduction|spindle
miR-125b L38487 hERRa estrogen-related receptor P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
alpha DNA-dependent|steroid
binding|steroid hormone receptor
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-125b AB028943 HIC2 hypermethylated in cancer 2 P + T DNA binding|negative regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|nucleus|protein C-
terminus binding|transcription|zinc
ion binding
miR-125b AL023584 HIVEP2 human immunodeficiency P + T
virus type I enhancer
binding protein 2
miR-125b AL023584 HIVEP2 human immunodeficiency P + T
virus type I enhancer
binding protein 2
miR-125b NM_005342 HMGB3 high-mobility group box 3 P + T DNA bending activity|DNA
binding|chromatin|development|nu-
cleus|regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent
miR-125b AL031295 HMGCL; HL lysophospholipase II M + P + T
miR-125b NM_004503 HOXC6 homeo box C6 P + T development|development|nucleus|regulation
of transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription corepressor
activity|transcription factor activity
miR-125b AA844682 HRD1 HRD1 protein P + T protein ubiquitination|ubiquitin
ligase complex|ubiquitin-protein
ligase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b AL136667 HSPC039 HSPC039 protein P + T integral to membrane
miR-125b AF245044 HT023 hypothetical protein HT023 P + T
miR-125b U13022 Ich-1 caspase 2, apoptosis-related P + T anti-apoptosis|apoptotic
cysteine protease (neural program|caspase activity|caspase
precursor cell expressed, activity|caspase activity|cysteine-
developmentally down- type peptidase activity|enzyme
regulated 2) binding|intracellular|protein
binding|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|regulation of apoptosis
miR-125b NM_004513 IL16 interleukin 16 (lymphocyte M + P + T chemotaxis|cytokine
chemoattractant factor) activity|extracellular space|immune
response|protein binding|sensory
perception
miR-125b NM_002460 IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4 P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
factor activity|T-cell activation|T-cell
activation|nucleus|nucleus|nucleus|positive
regulation of interleukin-10
biosynthesis|positive regulation of
interleukin-10 biosynthesis|positive
regulation of interleukin-13
biosynthesis|positive regulation of
interleukin-13 biosynthesis|positive
regulation of interleukin-2
biosynthesis|positive regulation of
interleukin-2 biosynthesis|positive
regulation of interleukin-4
biosynthesis|positive regulation of
interleukin-4 biosynthesis|positive
regulation of transcription|positive
regulation of transcription|regulation
of T-helper cell
differentiation|regulation of T-helper
cell differentiation|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity|transcription factor
binding|transcription factor
binding|transcriptional activator
activity|transcriptional activator
activity
miR-125b NM_002207 ITGA9 integrin, alpha 9 P + T cell-matrix adhesion|integral to
membrane|integrin complex|integrin-
mediated signaling pathway|protein
binding|receptor activity
miR-125b NM_000212 ITGB3 integrin, beta 3 (platelet P + T blood coagulation|cell-matrix
glycoprotein IIIa, antigen adhesion|integrin complex|integrin-
CD61) mediated signaling pathway|protein
binding|receptor activity
miR-125b NM_021991 JUP junction plakoglobin P + T cell adhesion|cell
adhesion|cytoplasm|cytoskeletal
protein
binding|cytoskeleton|cytoskeleton|membrane
fraction|mitotic chromosome
condensation|protein binding|soluble
fraction|structural molecule activity
miR-125b AF032897 KCNH7 potassium voltage-gated P + T cation transport|integral to
channel, subfamily H (eag- membrane|membrane|potassium ion
related), member 7 transport|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|signal transducer
activity|signal transduction|voltage-
gated potassium channel activity
miR-125b NM_002252 KCNS3 potassium voltage-gated M + P + T cation transport|delayed rectifier
channel, delayed-rectifier, potassium channel
subfamily S, member 3 activity|membrane|membrane
fraction|potassium channel regulator
activity|potassium ion
transport|protein binding|voltage-
gated potassium channel complex
miR-125b NM_014735 KIAA0215 KIAA0215 gene product P + T DNA binding|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-125b NM_015288 KIAA0239 KIAA0239 protein P + T DNA binding|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-125b D87469 KIAA0279 cadherin, EGF LAG seven- M + P + T G-protein coupled receptor
pass G-type receptor 2 activity|calcium ion binding|cell
(flamingo homolog, adhesion|development|homophilic
Drosophila) cell adhesion|integral to
membrane|membrane|neuropeptide
signaling pathway|receptor
activity|signal transduction|structural
molecule activity
miR-125b AB002356 KIAA0358 MAP-kinase activating P + T cell surface receptor linked signal
death domain transduction|cytoplasm|death
receptor binding|kinase
activity|plasma membrane|protein
kinase activator activity
miR-125b NM_014871 KIAA0710 KIAA0710 gene product P + T cysteine-type endopeptidase
activity|exonuclease
activity|nucleus|ubiquitin
cycle|ubiquitin thiolesterase
activity|ubiquitin-dependent protein
catabolism
miR-125b AB018333 KIAA0790 KIAA0790 protein P + T cell cycle|negative regulation of cell
cycle
miR-125b NM_014912 KIAA0940 KIAA0940 protein P + T nucleic acid binding
miR-125b AB028957 KIAA1034 KIAA1034 protein P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-125b NM_014901 KIAA1100 KIAA1100 protein M + P + T protein ubiquitination|ubiquitin
ligase complex|ubiquitin-protein
ligase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b AB033016 KIAA1190 hypothetical protein P + T DNA binding|nucleic acid
KIAA1190 binding|nucleus|protein
binding|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|zinc ion binding
miR-125b AA056548 KIAA1268 KIAA1268 protein P + T NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase
activity|nucleus|protein amino acid
ADP-ribosylation
miR-125b BE670098 KIAA1594 KIAA1594 protein M + P + T cysteine-type endopeptidase
activity|ubiquitin cycle|ubiquitin
thiolesterase activity|ubiquitin-
dependent protein catabolism
miR-125b AU157109 KIAA1598 KIAA1598 protein P + T
miR-125b AA772278 KIAA1673 KIAA1673 P + T
miR-125b NM_015995 KLF13 Kruppel-like factor 13 P + T DNA binding|RNA polymerase II
transcription factor
activity|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
from RNA polymerase II
promoter|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_016531 KLF3 Kruppel-like factor 3 (basic) P + T development|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b BE892574 LACTB lactamase, beta P + T hydrolase activity|integral to
membrane|response to antibiotic
miR-125b BE566136 LBP-32 LBP protein 32 P + T
miR-125b NM_024090 LCE long-chain fatty-acyl P + T integral to membrane
elongase
miR-125b NM_003893 LDB1 LIM domain binding 1 P + T LIM domain
binding|development|development|negative
regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent|nucleus|transcription
cofactor activity|transcriptional
repressor activity
miR-125b U94354 LFNG lunatic fringe homolog M + T Golgi
(Drosophila) apparatus|development|extracellular
region|integral to
membrane|membrane|organo-
genesis|transferase activity,
transferring glycosyl groups
miR-125b NM_002310 LIFR leukemia inhibitory factor M + P + T cell surface receptor linked signal
receptor transduction|integral to plasma
membrane|leukemia inhibitory factor
receptor activity|membrane|receptor
activity
miR-125b NM_016339 Link-GEFII Link guanine nucleotide P + T G-protein coupled receptor protein
exchange factor II signaling pathway|guanyl-nucleotide
exchange factor activity|membrane
fraction|neurogenesis|small GTPase
mediated signal transduction
miR-125b NM_005575 LNPEP leucyl/cystinyl P + T aminopeptidase activity|cell-cell
aminopeptidase signaling|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane alanyl
aminopeptidase
activity|metallopeptidase
activity|plasma
membrane|pregnancy|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|zinc ion binding
miR-125b AL031186 LOC129080 putative emu1 P + T
miR-125b AI884701 LOC221002 CG4853 gene product M + P guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor
activity|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-125b AI953847 LOC255488 Homo sapiens mRNA full P + T electron transport|electron
length insert cDNA clone transporter activity|integral to
EUROIMAGE 186647, membrane|iron ion binding|ligase
mRNA sequence activity|protein binding|protein
ubiquitination during ubiquitin-
dependent protein
catabolism|ubiquitin ligase
complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_015899 LOC51054 putative glycolipid transfer P + T
protein
miR-125b AA209239 LOC57406 lipase protein P + T aromatic compound
metabolism|hydrolase
activity|response to toxin|xenobiotic
metabolism
miR-125b NM_005576 LOXL1 lysyl oxidase-like 1 M + P + T copper ion binding|electron
transporter activity|extracellular
region|oxidoreductase
activity|protein modification|protein-
lysine 6-oxidase activity
miR-125b AA584297 LRP4 low density lipoprotein M + T calcium ion
receptor-related protein 4 binding|endocytosis|integral to
membrane|membrane|receptor
activity
miR-125b NM_007260 LYPLA2 lysophospholipase II M + P + T fatty acid metabolism|hydrolase
activity|lipid metabolism
miR-125b NM_004901 LYSAL1 lysosomal apyrase-like 1 P + T Golgi apparatus|UDP
catabolism|apyrase activity|hydrolase
activity|integral to Golgi
membrane|integral to
membrane|lysosome|magnesium ion
binding|nucleobase, nucleoside,
nucleotide and nucleic acid
metabolism|uridine-diphosphatase
activity|vacuolar membrane
miR-125b NM_002355 M6PR mannose-6-phosphate M + P + T endosome to lysosome
receptor (cation dependent) transport|integral to plasma
membrane|lysosome|receptor
mediated endocytosis|transmembrane
receptor activity|transport|transporter
activity
miR-125b AB002356 MADD MAP-kinase activating P + T cell surface receptor linked signal
death domain transduction|cytoplasm|death
receptor binding|kinase
activity|plasma membrane|protein
kinase activator activity
miR-125b NM_016219 MAN1B1 mannosidase, alpha, class P + T N-linked glycosylation|N-linked
1B, member 1 glycosylation|calcium ion
binding|calcium ion
binding|carbohydrate
metabolism|endoplasmic
reticulum|hydrolase activity, acting
on glycosyl bonds|integral to
membrane|mannosyl-oligosaccharide
1,2-alpha-mannosidase
activity|mannosyl-oligosaccharide
1,2-alpha-mannosidase
activity|membrane|membrane
fraction|oligosaccharide metabolism
miR-125b NM_002446 MAP3K10 mitogen-activated protein P + T ATP binding|JUN kinase kinase
kinase kinase kinase 10 kinase activity|activation of
JNK|autophosphorylation|induction
of apoptosis|protein
homodimerization activity|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|signal
transduction|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_002419 MAP3K11 mitogen-activated protein M + P + T ATP binding|G1 phase of mitotic cell
kinase kinase kinase 11 cycle|JUN kinase kinase kinase
activity|activation of
JNK|autophosphorylation|cell
proliferation|centrosome|microtubule|
microtubule-based process|protein
homodimerization activity|protein
oligomerization|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-125b Z25432 MAPK14 mitogen-activated protein P + T ATP binding|MAP kinase
kinase 14 activity|MAP kinase kinase
activity|MP kinase
activity|antimicrobial humoral
response (sensu Vertebrata)|cell
motility|cell surface receptor linked
signal
transduction|chemotaxis|cytoplasm|nu-
cleus|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
cascade|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|protein-tyrosine
kinase activity|response to
stress|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_018650 MARK1 MAP/microtubule affinity- P + T ATP
regulating kinase 1 binding|cytoplasm|cytoskeleton|cytoskeleton
organization and
biogenesis|magnesium ion
binding|microtubule
cytoskeleton|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
cascade|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_001879 MASP1 mannan-binding lectin P + T calcium ion binding|chymotrypsin
serine protease 1 (C4/C2 activity|complement
activating component of Ra- activation|complement activation,
reactive factor) classical pathway|extracellular
region|immune response|peptidase
activity|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|trypsin activity
miR-125b NM_005911 MAT2A methionine P + T ATP binding|magnesium ion
adenosyltransferase II, alpha binding|methionine
adenosyltransferase activity|one-
carbon compound
metabolism|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_005920 MEF2D MADS box transcription P + T muscle
enhancer factor 2, development|nucleus|regulation of
polypeptide D (myocyte transcription, DNA-
enhancer factor 2D) dependent|transcription|transcription
coactivator activity|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-125b NM_020149 MEIS2 Meis1, myeloid ecotropic M + P negative regulation of transcription
viral integration site 1 from RNA polymerase II
homolog 2 (mouse) promoter|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|specific RNA polymerase
II transcription factor
activity|transcription corepressor
activity|transcription factor
activity|transcription factor activity
miR-125b NM_017927 MFN1 mitofusin 1 P + T GTP binding|GTPase
activity|hydrolase activity|integral to
membrane|mitochondrial
fusion|mitochondrial outer
membrane|mitochondrion
miR-125b AI139252 MGC16063 ribosomal protein L35a P + T JAK-STAT cascade|acute-phase
response|calcium ion binding|cell
motility|cytoplasm|hematopoietin/interferon-
class (D200-domain)
cytokine receptor signal transducer
activity|intracellular signaling
cascade|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter|neurogenesis|nucleus|nu-
cleus|regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transducer
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity
miR-125b AI862120 MGC21981 hypothetical protein P + T membrane
MGC21981
miR-125b AL515061 MGC24302 hypothetical protein P + T
MGC24302
miR-125b BE618656 MGC2541 similar to RIKEN cDNA M + P + T
2610030J16 gene
miR-125b BC005842 MGC2705 hypothetical protein P + T
MGC2705
miR-125b NM_024293 MGC3035 hypothetical protein M + P
MGC3035
miR-125b NM_017572 MKNK2 MAP kinase-interacting P + T ATP binding|ATP binding|cell
serine/threonine kinase 2 surface receptor linked signal
transduction|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
cascade|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|regulation of
translation|response to
stress|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_005439 MLF2 myeloid leukemia factor 2 P + T defense response|nucleus
miR-125b NM_007359 MLN51 MLN51 protein P + T mRNA processing|mRNA-nucleus
export|molecular_function
unknown|nucleus|transport
miR-125b NM_002442 MSI1 musashi homolog 1 M + P + T RNA
(Drosophila) binding|neurogenesis|nucleotide
binding|nucleus
miR-125b NM_021090 MTMR3 myotubularin related protein 3 M + P + T cytoplasm|hydrolase activity|inositol
or phosphatidylinositol phosphatase
activity|membrane|membrane
fraction|phospholipid
dephosphorylation|protein amino
acid dephosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine phosphatase
activity|protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|protein
tyrosine/serine/threonine
phosphatase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b AK024501 MXD4 MAX dimerization protein 4 M + P + T DNA binding|negative regulation of
cell proliferation|negative regulation
of transcription from RNA
polymerase II
promoter|nucleus|protein
binding|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
corepressor activity
miR-125b AB020642 MYT1 myelin transcription factor 1 M + P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_004540 NCAM2 neural cell adhesion P + T cell adhesion|integral to
molecule 2 membrane|membrane|neuron
adhesion|plasma membrane|protein
binding
miR-125b NM_012338 NET-2 transmembrane 4 P + T integral to membrane|membrane
superfamily member fraction
tetraspan NET-2
miR-125b U84246 NEU1 sialidase 1 (lysosomal P + T carbohydrate metabolism|exo-alpha-
sialidase) sialidase activity|hydrolase activity,
acting on glycosyl bonds|lysosome
miR-125b AI824012 NRIP1 nuclear receptor interacting P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
protein 1 DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
coactivator activity
miR-125b D81048 NRM nurim (nuclear envelope P + T
membrane protein)
miR-125b BC001794 NUMBL numb homolog P + T neurogenesis
(Drosophila)-like
miR-125b AB020713 NUP210 nucleoporin 210 P + T development|nucleus
miR-125b NM_002537 OAZ2 ornithine decarboxylase M + P + T ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor
antizyme 2 activity|polyamine metabolism
miR-125b NM_024586 OSBPL9 oxysterol binding protein- P + T lipid transport|steroid metabolism
like 9
miR-125b U64661 PABP ESTs, Highly similar to P + T
PAB1_HUMAN
Polyadenylate-binding
protein 1 (Poly(A)-binding
protein 1) (PABP 1)
(PABP1) [H. sapiens]
miR-125b AK000003 PCQAP PC2 (positive cofactor 2, P + T
multiprotein complex)
glutamine/Q-rich-associated
protein
miR-125b NM_004716 PCSK7 proprotein convertase M + P + T integral to Golgi membrane|integral
subtilisin/kexin type 7 to membrane|peptidase
activity|peptidase activity|peptide
hormone processing|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|subtilase activity
miR-125b NM_006201 PCTK1 PCTAIRE protein kinase 1 M + P + T ATP binding|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|regulation of cell
cycle|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_021213 PCTP phosphatidylcholine transfer M + P + T cytosol|lipid binding|lipid
protein transport|phosphatidylcholine
transporter activity
miR-125b NM_021255 PELI2 pellino homolog 2 M + P + T
(Drosophila)
miR-125b NM_002646 PIK3C2B phosphoinositide-3-kinase, P + T inositol or phosphatidylinositol
class 2, beta polypeptide kinase activity|intracellular signaling
cascade|microsome|phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase
activity|phosphatidylinositol-4-
phosphate 3-kinase
activity|phosphoinositide 3-kinase
complex|plasma
membrane|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_003628 PKP4 plakophilin 4 P + T cell
adhesion|cytoskeleton|intercellular
junction|protein binding|structural
molecule activity
miR-125b NM_006718 PLAGL1 pleiomorphic adenoma P + T DNA binding|cell cycle
gene-like 1 arrest|induction of apoptosis|nucleic
acid binding|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b AI457120 PPAT phosphoribosyl P + T amidophosphoribosyltransferase
pyrophosphate activity|glutamine
amidotransferase metabolism|magnesium ion
binding|metabolism|nucleoside
metabolism|purine base
biosynthesis|purine nucleotide
biosynthesis|transferase activity,
transferring glycosyl groups
miR-125b NM_002719 PPP2R5C protein phosphatase 2, P + T hydrolase
regulatory subunit B (B56), activity|nucleus|phosphoprotein
gamma isoform phosphatase activity|protein
phosphatase type 2A
complex|protein phosphatase type
2A complex|protein phosphatase
type 2A regulator activity|protein
phosphatase type 2A regulator
activity|signal transduction|signal
transduction
miR-125b AL022067 PRDM1 PR domain containing 1, P + T
with ZNF domain
miR-125b U23736 PRDM2 PR domain containing 2, P + T DNA binding|metal ion
with ZNF domain binding|nucleus|nucleus|regulation of
transcription|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity|transcription regulator
activity|zinc ion binding|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b AF083033 PRKRA protein kinase, interferon- P + T double-stranded RNA
inducible double stranded binding|enzyme activator
RNA dependent activator activity|immune
response|intracellular|kinase
activity|negative regulation of cell
proliferation|response to virus|signal
transducer activity|signal
transduction
miR-125b NM_014369 PTPN18 protein tyrosine P + T hydrolase activity|non-membrane
phosphatase, non-receptor spanning protein tyrosine
type 18 (brain-derived) phosphatase activity|protein amino
acid dephosphorylation|protein
amino acid
dephosphorylation|protein tyrosine
phosphatase activity
miR-125b AI762627 PTPRF protein tyrosine P + T cell adhesion|hydrolase
phosphatase, receptor type, F activity|integral to membrane|integral
to plasma membrane|protein amino
acid dephosphorylation|protein
binding|protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|receptor
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine phosphatase
signaling pathway
miR-125b NM_002840 PTPRF protein tyrosine P + T cell adhesion|hydrolase
phosphatase, receptor type, F activity|integral to membrane|integral
to plasma membrane|protein amino
acid dephosphorylation|protein
binding|protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|receptor
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine phosphatase
signaling pathway
miR-125b AF142419 QKI homolog of mouse quaking P + T
QKI (KH domain RNA
binding protein)
miR-125b NM_004283 RAB3D RAB3D, member RAS P + T GTP binding|GTPase
oncogene family activity|exocytosis|hemocyte
development|protein transport|small
GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-125b BC002510 RAB6B RAB6B, member RAS P + T GTP binding|GTPase activity|Golgi
oncogene family apparatus|intracellular protein
transport|retrograde transport, Golgi
to ER|small GTPase mediated signal
transduction
miR-125b AK022662 RASAL2 RAS protein activator like 2 P + T GTPase activator activity|Ras
GTPase activator activity|signal
transduction
miR-125b NM_004841 RASAL2 RAS protein activator like 2 P + T GTPase activator activity|Ras
GTPase activator activity|signal
transduction
miR-125b NM_016090 RBM7 RNA binding motif protein 7 P + T RNA binding|meiosis|nucleic acid
binding|nucleotide binding
miR-125b NM_006268 REQ requiem, apoptosis response M + P + T DNA binding|apoptosis|induction of
zinc finger gene apoptosis by extracellular
signals|nucleus|protein
ubiquitination|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|ubiquitin
ligase complex|ubiquitin-protein
ligase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_000449 RFX5 regulatory factor X, 5 P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
(influences HLA class II DNA-
expression) dependent|transcription|transcription
coactivator activity|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-125b NM_003721 RFXANK regulatory factor X- P + T humoral immune
associated ankyrin- response|nucleus|regulation of
containing protein transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
coactivator activity|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-125b NM_014746 RNF144 likely ortholog of mouse P + T nucleus|protein
ubiquitin conjugating ubiquitination|ubiquitin ligase
enzyme 7 interacting protein 4 complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_014771 RNF40 ring finger protein 40 M + P + T protein ubiquitination|ubiquitin
ligase complex|ubiquitin-protein
ligase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b AL109955 RNPC1 RNA-binding region (RNP1, P + T
RRM) containing 1
miR-125b AF116627 RPL29 ribosomal protein L29 M + T
miR-125b NM_002953 RPS6KA1 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, M + P + T ATP binding|protein amino acid
90 kDa, polypeptide 1 phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|protein-tyrosine
kinase activity|signal
transduction|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_000332 SCA1 spinocerebellar ataxia 1 P + T RNA binding|cytoplasm|nucleus
(olivopontocerebellar ataxia
1, autosomal dominant,
ataxin 1)
miR-125b NM_012429 SEC14L2 SEC14-like 2 (S. cerevisiae) P + T cytoplasm|intracellular protein
transport|membrane|nucleus|phospho-
lipid binding|positive regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|protein carrier
activity|regulation of cholesterol
biosynthesis|transcription|transcriptional
activator
activity|transport|vitamin E binding
miR-125b NM_005065 SEL1L sel-1 suppressor of lin-12- P + T catalytic activity|integral to
like (C. elegans) membrane
miR-125b NM_017789 SEMA4C sema domain, M + P + T cell differentiation|integral to
immunoglobulin domain membrane|membrane|neurogenesis|receptor
(Ig), transmembrane domain activity
(TM) and short cytoplasmic
domain, (semaphorin) 4C
miR-125b NM_006378 SEMA4D sema domain, P + T anti-apoptosis|cell adhesion|cell
immunoglobulin domain differentiation|immune
(Ig), transmembrane domain response|integral to
(TM) and short cytoplasmic membrane|membrane|neurogenesis|receptor
domain, (semaphorin) 4D activity
miR-125b BE622841 SENP2 sentrin-specific protease M + P
miR-125b NM_003011 SET SET translocation (myeloid M + T DNA replication|endoplasmic
leukemia-associated) reticulum|histone binding|negative
regulation of histone
acetylation|nucleocytoplasmic
transport|nucleosome
assembly|nucleosome
disassembly|nucleus|perinuclear
region|protein phosphatase inhibitor
activity|protein phosphatase type 2A
regulator activity
miR-125b NM_006275 SFRS6 splicing factor, P + T RNA binding|mRNA splice site
arginine/serine-rich 6 selection|nuclear mRNA splicing, via
spliceosome|nucleotide
binding|nucleus
miR-125b AF015043 SH3BP4 SH3-domain binding protein 4 P + T cell cycle|endocytosis|nucleus|signal
transducer activity
miR-125b NM_016538 SIRT7 sirtuin silent mating type P + T DNA binding|chromatin
information regulation 2 silencing|chromatin silencing
homolog 7 (S. cerevisiae) complex|hydrolase
activity|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent
miR-125b NM_020309 SLC17A7 solute carrier family 17 P + T integral to membrane|phosphate
(sodium-dependent transport|sodium-dependent
inorganic phosphate phosphate transporter
cotransporter), member 7 activity|transport|transporter activity
miR-125b NM_013272 SLC21A11 solute carrier family 21 P + T integral to membrane|ion
(organic anion transporter), transport|membrane|transporter
member 11 activity
miR-125b AK000722 SLC27A4 solute carrier family 27 P + T catalytic activity|fatty acid
(fatty acid transporter), transport|fatty acid transporter
member 4 activity|ligase activity|lipid
metabolism|lipid
transport|metabolism
miR-125b NM_003759 SLC4A4 solute carrier family 4, P + T anion transport|inorganic anion
sodium bicarbonate exchanger activity|integral to
cotransporter, member 4 membrane|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|sodium:bicarbonate
symporter activity|transport
miR-125b NM_003045 SLC7A1 solute carrier family 7 P + T amino acid metabolism|amino acid
(cationic amino acid permease activity|amino acid
transporter, y+ system), transport|basic amino acid
member 1 transporter activity|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|receptor
activity|transport
miR-125b NM_003983 SLC7A6 solute carrier family 7 P + T amino acid metabolism|amino acid
(cationic amino acid transport|amino acid-polyamine
transporter, y+ system), transporter activity|integral to plasma
member 6 membrane|plasma membrane|protein
complex assembly|transport
miR-125b AF113019 SMARCD2 SWI/SNF related, matrix M + P + T chromatin
associated, actin dependent remodeling|nucleoplasm|regulation
regulator of chromatin, of transcription from RNA
subfamily d, member 2 polymerase II
promoter|transcription|transcription
coactivator activity
miR-125b NM_005985 SNAI1 snail homolog 1 P + T DNA binding|cartilage
(Drosophila) condensation|development|neuro-
genesis|nucleus|zinc ion binding
miR-125b AB037750 SORCS2 VPS10 domain receptor P + T integral to membrane|intracellular
protein protein
transport|membrane|membrane|neuropeptide
receptor
activity|neuropeptide signaling
pathway|protein binding|protein
transporter activity|sugar binding
miR-125b BE742268 SORT1 sortilin 1 P + T endocytosis|endosome|integral to
membrane|integral to
membrane|intracellular protein
transport|membrane|neurotensin
receptor activity, G-protein
coupled|protein transporter
activity|receptor activity
miR-125b AI360875 SOX11 SRY (sex determining M + T DNA
region Y)-box 11 binding|neurogenesis|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-125b AU121035 SP1 Sp1 transcription factor P + T DNA binding|RNA polymerase II
transcription factor
activity|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcriptional
activator activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_003131 SRF serum response factor (c-fos M + T RNA polymerase II transcription
serum response element factor activity|nucleus|regulation of
binding transcription factor) transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|signal
transduction|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-125b NM_005637 SS18 synovial sarcoma P + T nucleus
translocation, chromosome 18
miR-125b AF343880 SSX2 synovial sarcoma, X P + T nucleus
breakpoint 2
miR-125b NM_014682 ST18 suppression of P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
tumorigenicity 18 (breast DNA-dependent|transcription factor
carcinoma) (zinc finger activity
protein)
miR-125b AA128023 STARD13 START domain containing 13 P + T
miR-125b BC000627 STAT3 signal transducer and P + T JAK-STAT cascade|acute-phase
activator of transcription 3 response|calcium ion binding|cell
(acute-phase response motility|cytoplasm|hematopoietin|interferon-
factor) class (D200-domain)
cytokine receptor signal transducer
activity|intracellular signaling
cascade|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter|neurogenesis|nucleus|nu-
cleus|regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transducer
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity
miR-125b NM_003155 STC1 stanniocalcin 1 P + T calcium ion homeostasis|cell surface
receptor linked signal
transduction|cell-cell
signaling|extracellular
region|hormone activity|response to
nutrients
miR-125b NM_003173 SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3- P + T DNA replication and chromosome
9 homolog 1 (Drosophila) cycle|S-adenosylmethionine-
dependent methyltransferase
activity|chromatin|chromatin
assembly or disassembly|chromatin
binding|chromatin
modification|condensed nuclear
chromosome|histone lysine N-
methyltransferase activity (H3-K9
specific)|histone-lysine N-
methyltransferase
activity|methyltransferase
activity|nucleus|nucleus|protein
binding|transferase activity|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b AW139618 SYN2 synapsin II P + T neurotransmitter
secretion|synapse|synaptic
transmission|synaptic vesicle
miR-125b R60550 TAF5L TAF5-like RNA polymerase M + P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
II, p300/CBP-associated DNA-dependent|transcription factor
factor (PCAF)-associated activity|transcription from RNA
factor, 65 kDa polymerase II promoter
miR-125b AF220509 TAF9L TAF9-like RNA polymerase P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
II, TATA box binding transcription, DNA-
protein (TBP)-associated dependent|transcription factor TFIID
factor, 31 kDa complex|transcription initiation
miR-125b NM_000116 TAZ tafazzin (cardiomyopathy, M + P + T acyltransferase activity|heart
dilated 3A (X-linked); development|integral to
endocardial fibroelastosis 2; membrane|metabolism|muscle
Barth syndrome) contraction|muscle development
miR-125b NM_018488 TBX4 T-box 4 P + T development|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-125b NM_012249 TC10 ras-like protein TC10 M + T GTP binding|GTPase activity|plasma
membrane|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-125b BG387172 TEAD2 TEA domain family P + T nucleus|nucleus|regulation of
member 2 transcription, DNA-
dependent|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity
miR-125b U06935 TEF thyrotrophic embryonic P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
factor factor activity|nucleus|regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|rhythmic
process|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-125b NM_006464 TGOLN2 trans-golgi network protein 2 P + T Golgi trans face|integral to
membrane|transport vesicle
miR-125b BE219311 TIMM22 translocase of inner P + T integral to membrane|mitochondrial
mitochondrial membrane 22 inner
homolog (yeast) membrane|mitochondrion|protein
transport|protein transporter activity
miR-125b NM_003326 TNFSF4 tumor necrosis factor P + T cell-cell signaling|immune
(ligand) superfamily, response|integral to plasma
member 4 (tax- membrane|membrane|positive
transcriptionally activated regulation of cell proliferation|signal
glycoprotein 1, 34 kDa) transduction|tumor necrosis factor
receptor binding
miR-125b AA873275 TOR2A torsin family 2, member A P + T ATP binding|GTP cyclohydrolase I
activity|biosynthesis|chaperone
cofactor dependent protein
folding|endoplasmic
reticulum|nucleoside-triphosphatase
activity|nucleotide binding
miR-125b AW341649 TP53INP1 tumor protein p53 inducible M + P + T apoptosis|nucleus
nuclear protein 1
miR-125b NM_014112 TRPS1 trichorhinophalangeal P + T NLS-bearing substrate-nucleus
syndrome I import|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|skeletal
development|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter|zinc
ion binding
miR-125b NM_001070 TUBG1 tubulin, gamma 1 P + T GTP binding|GTPase
activity|centrosome|condensed
nuclear chromosome|gamma-tubulin
complex|meiotic spindle
organization and
biogenesis|microtubule|microtubule
nucleation|microtubule-based
movement|mitotic spindle
organization and biogenesis|polar
microtubule|protein binding|protein
polymerization|spindle pole
body|structural constituent of
cytoskeleton
miR-125b NM_003330 TXNRD1 thioredoxin reductase 1 P + T FAD binding|cell redox
homeostasis|cytoplasm|disulfide
oxidoreductase activity|electron
transport|electron transporter
activity|oxidoreductase activity,
acting on NADH or NADPH,
disulfide as acceptor|signal
transduction|thioredoxin-disulfide
reductase activity
miR-125b BC004862 UBE2R2 ubiquitin-conjugating P + T ligase activity|ubiquitin conjugating
enzyme E2R 2 enzyme activity|ubiquitin
cycle|ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
miR-125b NM_003728 UNC5C unc-5 homolog B P + T apoptosis|axon guidance|brain
(C. elegans) development|development|integral to
membrane|netrin receptor
activity|protein binding|receptor
activity|signal transduction
miR-125b NM_003369 UVRAG UV radiation resistance P + T DNA repair|cytoplasm
associated gene
miR-125b AF195514 VPS4B vacuolar protein sorting 4B M + P + T ATP binding|ATPase activity,
(yeast) coupled|membrane|membrane
fusion|nucleoside-triphosphatase
activity|nucleotide
binding|peroxisome organization and
biogenesis|protein binding|regulation
of transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-125b R51061 VTS58635 mitogen-activated protein P + T GTP binding|small GTPase mediated
kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 signal transduction
miR-125b NM_004184 WARS tryptophanyl-tRNA M + T ATP binding|cytoplasm|ligase
synthetase activity|negative regulation of cell
proliferation|protein
biosynthesis|soluble
fraction|tryptophan-tRNA ligase
activity|tryptophanyl-tRNA
aminoacylation|tryptophanyl-tRNA
aminoacylation
miR-125b NM_005433 YES1 v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma P + T ATP binding|intracellular signaling
viral oncogene homolog 1 cascade|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein-tyrosine
kinase activity|transferase activity
miR-125b NM_017740 ZDHHC7 zinc finger, DHHC domain P + T integral to membrane|metal ion
containing 7 binding
miR-125b BF525395 ZFP385 likely ortholog of mouse M + P + T DNA binding|nucleic acid
zinc finger protein 385 binding|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b NM_007345 ZNF236 zinc finger protein 236 P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_012482 ZNF281 zinc finger protein 281 M + P + T DNA binding|DNA-directed RNA
polymerase II, core
complex|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|specific RNA polymerase
II transcription factor
activity|transcription|zinc ion binding
miR-125b NM_003427 ZNF76 zinc finger protein 76 P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
(expressed in testis) transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
III promoter|transcription|zinc ion
binding
miR-125b NM_022465 ZNFN1A4 zinc finger protein, M + P + T nucleic acid
subfamily 1A, 4 (Eos) binding|nucleus|transcription factor
activity|transcriptional repressor
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-145 NM_005502 ABCA1 ATP-binding cassette, sub- P + T ATP binding|ATP binding|ATPase
family A (ABC1), member 1 activity|anion transporter
activity|cholesterol
metabolism|integral to plasma
membrane|lipid
metabolism|membrane
fraction|nucleotide binding|steroid
metabolism|sterol transporter
activity|transport|transport
miR-145 AL527773 ABR active BCR-related gene M + P + T GTPase activator activity|guanyl-
nucleotide exchange factor
activity|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-145 NM_001616 ACVR2 activin A receptor, type II M + P + T ATP binding|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|protein amino
acid phosphorylation|receptor
activity|transferase
activity|transforming growth factor
beta receptor activity|transmembrane
receptor protein serine/threonine
kinase signaling pathway
miR-145 NM_003183 ADAM17 a disintegrin and P + T cell-cell signaling|integral to plasma
metalloproteinase domain membrane|metalloendopeptidase
17 (tumor necrosis factor, activity|proteolysis and
alpha, converting enzyme) peptidolysis|zinc ion binding
miR-145 NM_019903 ADD3 adducin 3 (gamma) M + P + T calmodulin
binding|cytoskeleton|membrane|structural
constituent of cytoskeleton
miR-145 AB003476 AKAP12 A kinase (PRKA) anchor P + T G-protein coupled receptor protein
protein (gravin) 12 signaling pathway|cytoplasm|protein
binding|protein kinase A
binding|protein targeting|signal
transduction
miR-145 NM_016201 AMOTL2 angiomotin like 2 M + P + T
miR-145 NM_001128 AP1G1 adaptor-related protein M + P + T Golgi apparatus|binding|clathrin coat
complex 1, gamma 1 subunit of trans-Golgi network vesicle|coated
pit|endocytosis|intracellular protein
transport|intracellular protein
transport|membrane coat adaptor
complex|protein complex
assembly|transporter activity
miR-145 NM_001284 AP3S1 adaptor-related protein M + P + T Golgi apparatus|clathrin vesicle
complex 3, sigma 1 subunit coat|insulin receptor signaling
pathway|intracellular protein
transport|membrane coat adaptor
complex|transport|transport
vesicle|transporter activity
miR-145 NM_006380 APPBP2 amyloid beta precursor M + P + T binding|cytoplasm|intracellular
protein (cytoplasmic tail) protein
binding protein 2 transport|membrane|microtubule
associated complex|microtubule
motor activity|nucleus
miR-145 AB037845 ARHGAP10 Rho-GTPase activating M + T protein binding
protein 10
miR-145 AL516350 ARPC5 actin related protein 2/3 P + T Arp2/3 protein complex|actin
complex, subunit 5, 16 kDa cytoskeleton organization and
biogenesis|cell
motility|cytoplasm|cytoskeleton|regulation
of actin filament
polymerization|structural constituent
of cytoskeleton
miR-145 U72937 ATRX alpha thalassemia/mental M + T ATP binding|DNA binding|DNA
retardation syndrome X- helicase activity|DNA
linked (RAD54 homolog, methylation|DNA
S. cerevisiae) recombination|DNA
repair|chromosome organization and
biogenesis (sensu
Eukaryota)|helicase
activity|hydrolase activity|nuclear
heterochromatin|nucleus|perception
of sound|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-145 NM_021813 BACH2 BTB and CNC homology 1, P + T DNA binding|nucleus|protein
basic leucine zipper binding|regulation of transcription,
transcription factor 2 DNA-dependent|transcription
miR-145 NM_013449 BAZ2A bromodomain adjacent to P + T DNA binding|chromatin
zinc finger domain, 2A remodeling|nucleolus organizer
complex|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
regulator activity
miR-145 NM_007005 BCE-1 BCE-1 protein M + P frizzled signaling
pathway|molecular_function
unknown|nucleus|nucleus|regulation
of transcription|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-145 NM_003458 BSN bassoon (presynaptic P + T cytoskeleton|metal ion
cytomatrix protein) binding|nucleus|structural constituent
of cytoskeleton|synapse|synaptic
transmission|synaptosome
miR-145 NM_013279 C11orf9 chromosome 11 open M + P + T
reading frame 9
miR-145 NM_024643 C14orf140 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ23093
miR-145 NM_018270 C20orf20 chromosome 20 open P + T chromatin
reading frame 20 modification|nucleus|regulation of
cell growth|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-145 NM_004276 CABP1 calcium binding protein 1 P + T calcium ion binding|calcium ion
(calbrain) binding|enzyme inhibitor activity
miR-145 NM_001755 CBFB core-binding factor, beta M + P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
subunit factor activity|nucleus|transcription
coactivator activity|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-145 NM_001759 CCND2 cyclin D2 P + T cytokinesis|nucleus|regulation of cell
cycle
miR-145 NM_020307 CCNL1 cyclin L ania-6a M + P + T cell cycle|regulation of cell cycle
miR-145 AL118798 CD47 CD47 antigen (Rh-related P + T cell-matrix adhesion|integral to
antigen, integrin-associated plasma membrane|integrin-mediated
signal transducer) signaling pathway|plasma
membrane|protein binding
miR-145 BF576053 CFL2 cofilin 2 (muscle) M + P + T actin binding|cytoskeleton|nucleus
miR-145 AA835485 CKLiK CamKI-like protein kinase P + T ATP binding|calcium- and
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
activity|calmodulin
binding|nucleus|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-145 NM_004921 CLCA3 chloride channel, calcium P + T extracellular
activated, family member 3 space|transport|transporter activity
miR-145 NM_001326 CSTF3 cleavage stimulation factor, M + P + T RNA binding|binding|mRNA
3′ pre-RNA, subunit 3, cleavage|mRNA
77 kDa polyadenylylation|nucleus
miR-145 NM_020248 CTNNBIP1 catenin, beta interacting P + T Wnt receptor signaling pathway|beta-
protein 1 catenin binding|cell
proliferation|development|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transduction
miR-145 AW772082 DACH dachshund homolog P + T DNA binding|development|eye
(Drosophila) morphogenesis (sensu
Endopterygota)|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-145 NM_004393 DAG1 dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin- M + P + T actin cytoskeleton|calcium ion
associated glycoprotein 1) binding|extracellular matrix (sensu
Metazoa)|integral to plasma
membrane|laminin receptor
activity|membrane fraction|muscle
contraction|plasma
membrane|protein binding|protein
complex assembly
miR-145 NM_003887 DDEF2 development and P + T GTPase activator activity|Golgi
differentiation enhancing apparatus|regulation of GTPase
factor 2 activity
miR-145 AL080239 DKFZp547M2010 hypothetical protein M + P + T
DKFZp547M2010
miR-145 AL137517 DKFZp564O1278 hypothetical protein P + T integral to membrane
DKFZp564O1278
miR-145 NM_001386 DPYSL2 dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 P + T dihydropyrimidinase
activity|hydrolase
activity|neurogenesis|nucleobase,
nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic
acid metabolism|signal transduction
miR-145 BC003143 DUSP6 dual specificity phosphatase 6 P + T MAP kinase phosphatase
activity|cytoplasm|hydrolase
activity|inactivation of
MAPK|protein amino acid
dephosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine phosphatase
activity|protein tyrosine phosphatase
activity|regulation of cell
cycle|soluble fraction
miR-145 D86550 DYRK1A dual-specificity tyrosine- P + T ATP
(Y)-phosphorylation binding|neurogenesis|nucleus|protein
regulated kinase 1A amino acid phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-145 NM_001967 EIF4A2 eukaryotic translation M + P + T ATP binding|ATP-dependent
initiation factor 4A, isoform 2 helicase activity|DNA binding|RNA
binding|eukaryotic translation
initiation factor 4F
complex|hydrolase activity|protein
biosynthesis|regulation of
translational initiation|translation
initiation factor activity
miR-145 NM_001417 EIF4B eukaryotic translation M + T RNA binding|eukaryotic translation
initiation factor 4B initiation factor 4F complex|nucleic
acid binding|nucleotide
binding|protein
biosynthesis|regulation of
translational initiation|translation
initiation factor activity|translation
initiation factor activity
miR-145 BC005057 EIF4EBP2 eukaryotic translation P + T eukaryotic initiation factor 4E
initiation factor 4E binding binding|negative regulation of
protein 2 protein biosynthesis|negative
regulation of translational
initiation|regulation of translation
miR-145 NM_020909 EPB41L5 erythrocyte membrane P + T binding|cytoplasm|cytoskeletal
protein band 4.1 like 5 protein
binding|cytoskeleton|membrane
miR-145 NM_005797 EVA1 epithelial V-like antigen 1 P + T cell
adhesion|cytoskeleton|homophilic
cell adhesion|integral to
membrane|membrane|morpho-
genesis|protein binding
miR-145 NM_022977 FACL4 fatty-acid-Coenzyme A M + P + T fatty acid metabolism|integral to
ligase, long-chain 4 membrane|learning and/or
memory|ligase activity|lipid
metabolism|long-chain-fatty-acid-
CoA ligase activity|magnesium ion
binding|metabolism
miR-145 AL042120 FHOD2 formin homology 2 domain M + P Rho GTPase binding|actin
containing 2 binding|actin cytoskeleton
organization and biogenesis|cell
organization and
biogenesis|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity|translation initiation factor
activity|translational initiation
miR-145 NM_002013 FKBP3 FK506 binding protein 3, P + T FK506 binding|isomerase
25 kDa activity|nucleus|peptidyl-prolyl cis-
trans isomerase activity|protein
folding|receptor activity
miR-145 NM_002017 FLI1 Friend leukemia virus M + P + T hemostasis|nucleus|organogenesis|regulation
integration 1 of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-145 NM_023071 FLJ13117 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ13117
miR-145 AL561281 FLJ20373 hypothetical protein M + P + T ATP binding|cellular_component
FLJ20373 unknown|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
cascade|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|response to
stress|signal transduction|small
GTPase regulator activity|transferase
activity
miR-145 AK025444 FLJ21791 hypothetical protein M + T
FLJ21791
miR-145 NM_024713 FLJ22557 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ22557
miR-145 AA872588 FLJ36155 likely ortholog of mouse P + T DNA binding|negative regulation of
Gli-similar 1 Kruppel-like transcription from RNA polymerase
zinc finger (Glis1) II promoter|nucleus|positive
regulation of transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|specific RNA polymerase
II transcription factor
activity|transcription|zinc ion binding
miR-145 AI434509 FLJ38499 Unnamed protein product P + T nucleic acid binding
[Homo sapiens], mRNA
sequence
miR-145 M62994 FLNB filamin B, beta (actin P + T actin binding|actin binding|actin
binding protein 278) cytoskeleton|actin cytoskeleton
organization and biogenesis|cell
differentiation|cytoskeletal
anchoring|integral to plasma
membrane|myogenesis|signal
transduction
miR-145 NM_002025 FMR2 fragile X mental retardation 2 M + T brain development|learning and/or
memory
miR-145 N29672 FOS v-fos FBJ murine M + T proto-oncogene
osteosarcoma viral
oncogene homolog
miR-145 NM_002015 FOXO1A forkhead box O1A M + P + T anti-apoptosis|nucleus|regulation of
(rhabdomyosarcoma) transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-145 NM_003507 FZD7 frizzled homolog 7 M + P + T G-protein coupled receptor
(Drosophila) activity|G-protein coupled receptor
protein signaling pathway|Wnt
receptor
activity|development|frizzled
signaling pathway|integral to
membrane|plasma membrane
miR-145 AL049709 GGTL3 gamma-glutamyltransferase- M + P + T
like 3
miR-145 NM_022735 GOCAP1 golgi complex associated M + P + T Golgi apparatus|acyl-CoA
protein 1, 60 kDa binding|catalytic activity|intracellular
protein
transport|membrane|mitochondrion|protein
carrier activity|steroid
biosynthesis
miR-145 NM_020806 GPHN gephyrin P + T Mo-molybdopterin cofactor
biosynthesis|catalytic
activity|cytoskeleton
miR-145 NM_015071 GRAF GTPase regulator associated P + T Rho GTPase activator activity|actin
with focal adhesion kinase cytoskeleton organization and
pp125(FAK) biogenesis|cellular_component
unknown|neurogenesis
miR-145 NM_017913 HARC Hsp90-associating relative P + T cytokinesis|regulation of cell cycle
of Cdc37
miR-145 BC006237 HECTD1 HECT domain containing 1 M + T intracellular|ligase activity|receptor
activity|ubiquitin cycle|ubiquitin-
protein ligase activity
miR-145 U64317 HEF1 enhancer of filamentation 1 P + T actin filament bundle formation|cell
(cas-like docking; Crk- adhesion|cytokinesis|cytoplasm|cyto-
associated substrate related) skeleton|cytoskeleton organization
and biogenesis|integrin-mediated
signaling
pathway|mitosis|nucleus|protein
binding|regulation of cell
cycle|regulation of cell growth|signal
transduction|spindle
miR-145 NM_016258 HGRG8 high-glucose-regulated P + T
protein 8
miR-145 AL162003 HIC2 hypermethylated in cancer 2 P + T DNA binding|negative regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|nucleus|protein C-
terminus binding|transcription|zinc
ion binding
miR-145 NM_014212 HOXC11 homeo box C11 M + P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
factor
activity|development|endoderm
development|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-145 NM_002193 INHBB inhibin, beta B (activin AB M + P + T cell differentiation|cytokine
beta polypeptide) activity|defense
response|extracellular
region|growth|growth factor
activity hormone activity|host cell
surface receptor binding|negative
regulation of follicle-stimulating
hormone secretion|negative
regulation of hepatocyte growth
factor biosynthesis|ovarian follicle
development|positive regulation of
follicle-stimulating hormone
secretion|protein binding|protein
homodimerization activity|response
to external stimulus
miR-145 NM_005544 IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1 M + P + T cytoplasm|insulin receptor
binding|protein binding|signal
transducer activity|signal
transduction|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine kinase docking
protein activity
miR-145 NM_006459 KEO4 similar to Caenorhabditis P + T catalytic activity
elegans protein C42C1.9
miR-145 NM_014686 KIAA0355 KIAA0355 gene product P + T
miR-145 NM_015176 KIAA0483 KIAA0483 protein P + T ubiquitin cycle
miR-145 NM_014871 KIAA0710 KIAA0710 gene product M + P + T cysteine-type endopeptidase
activity|exonuclease
activity|nucleus|ubiquitin
cycle|ubiquitin thiolesterase
activity|ubiquitin-dependent protein
catabolism
miR-145 AA772278 KIAA1673 KIAA1673 M + P + T
miR-145 AB051495 KIAA1708 KIAA1708 protein P + T ATP binding|microtubule associated
complex|microtubule motor
activity|microtubule-based
movement
miR-145 AI814587 KIAA1715 KIAA1715 protein M + T
miR-145 AI187364 KIAA1894 KIAA1894 protein P + T integral to membrane
miR-145 AF155117 KIF21A kinesin family member 21A P + T ATP binding|microtubule associated
complex|microtubule motor
activity|microtubule-based
movement
miR-145 NM_004235 KLF4 Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut) M + T mesodermal cell fate
determination|negative regulation of
cell proliferation|negative regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|negative regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|nucleic acid
binding|nucleus|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription
factor activity|transcriptional
activator activity|transcriptional
activator activity|transcriptional
repressor activity|transcriptional
repressor activity|zinc ion
binding|zinc ion binding
miR-145 T68150 LL5beta hypothetical protein M + T
FLJ21791
miR-145 AI797833 LOC285148 a disintegrin and P + T catalytic activity
metalloproteinase domain
17 (tumor necrosis factor,
alpha, converting enzyme)
miR-145 NM_025146 MAK3P likely ortholog of mouse P + T N-acetyltransferase activity
Mak3p homolog
(S. cerevisiae)
miR-145 BF971923 MAP3K3 mitogen-activated protein M + P ATP binding|MAP kinase kinase
kinase kinase kinase 3 kinase activity|MAPKKK
cascade|magnesium ion
binding|positive regulation of I-
kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB
cascade|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
activity|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|signal transducer
activity|transferase activity
miR-145 NM_004834 MAP4K4 mitogen-activated protein M + P + T ATP binding|cellular_component
kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 unknown|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
cascade|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|response to
stress|signal transduction|small
GTPase regulator activity|transferase
activity
miR-145 BF382281 MGC10120 Homo sapiens cDNA P + T
FLJ30135 fis, clone
BRACE2000061, mRNA
sequence
miR-145 BG231756 MGC10986 hypothetical protein M + P ATP binding|MAP kinase kinase
MGC10986 kinase activity|MAPKKK
cascade|magnesium ion
binding|positive regulation of I-
kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB
cascade|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein kinase
activity|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|signal transducer
activity|transferase activity
miR-145 BC004869 MGC2817 hypothetical protein P + T outer membrane|protein transport
MGC2817
miR-145 BC002712 MYCN v-myc myelocytomatosis M + T chromatin|nucleus|protein
viral related oncogene, binding|regulation of transcription
neuroblastoma derived from RNA polymerase II
(avian) promoter|transcription factor activity
miR-145 AB007899 NEDD4L neural precursor cell P + T excretion|intracellular|intracellular|ligase
expressed, developmentally activity|positive regulation of
down-regulated 4-like endocytosis|protein binding|protein
ubiquitination|regulation of protein
catabolism|response to metal
ion|sodium channel regulator
activity|sodium ion
homeostasis|sodium ion
transport|ubiquitin cycle|ubiquitin-
protein ligase activity|ubiquitin-
protein ligase activity|water
homeostasis
miR-145 NM_005863 NET1 neuroepithelial cell P + T guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor
transforming gene 1 activity|nucleus|regulation of cell
growth|signal transduction
miR-145 NM_003204 NFE2L1 nuclear factor (erythroid- P + T DNA binding|heme
derived 2)-like 1 biosynthesis|inflammatory
response|morphogenesis|nucleus|nu-
cleus|regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
cofactor activity|transcription factor
activity|transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter
miR-145 NM_006469 NS1-BP NS1-binding protein M + P + T RNA splicing|protein
binding|response to
virus|spliceosome
complex|transcription factor
complex|transcription from RNA
polymerase III promoter
miR-145 NM_019094 NUDT4 nudix (nucleoside P + T calcium-mediated signaling/cyclic
diphosphate linked moiety nucleotide metabolism cyclic-
X)-type motif 4 nucleotide-mediated
signaling|diphosphoinositol-
polyphosphate diphosphatase
activity|hydrolase
activity|intracellular|intracellular
signaling cascade|intracellular
transport|magnesium ion
binding|regulation of RNA-nucleus
export
miR-145 AW149417 OAZ OLF-1/EBF associated zinc P + T nucleic acid binding|nucleus|zinc ion
finger gene binding
miR-145 NM_024586 OSBPL9 oxysterol binding protein- M + P lipid transport|steroid metabolism
like 9
miR-145 AB040812 PAK7 p21(CDKN1A)-activated M + T ATP binding protein amino acid
kinase 7 phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-145 NM_014456 PDCD4 programmed cell death 4 M + P + T apoptosis
(neoplastic transformation
inhibitor)
miR-145 NM_002657 PLAGL2 pleiomorphic adenoma M + P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
gene-like 2 DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-145 AK023546 PLCL2 phospholipase C-like 2 P + T calcium ion binding|intracellular
signaling cascade|lipid
metabolism|phosphoinositide
phospholipase C activity
miR-145 AI274352 PLN phospholamban P + T
miR-145 NM_000944 PPP3CA protein phosphatase 3 P + T calcineurin complex|calcium ion
(formerly 2B), catalytic binding|calmodulin
subunit, alpha isoform binding|hydrolase activity|protein
(calcineurin A alpha) amino acid
dephosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine phosphatase activity
miR-145 BF247371 PRO1843 hypothetical protein M + T
PRO1843
miR-145 NM_000959 PTGFR prostaglandin F receptor P + T G-protein coupled receptor protein
(FP) signaling pathway|G-protein coupled
receptor protein signaling
pathway|integral to
membrane|integral to plasma
membrane|parturition|prostaglandin
F receptor activity|prostaglandin F
receptor activity|receptor
activity|rhodopsin-like receptor
activity|signal
transduction|thromboxane receptor
activity
miR-145 NM_002890 RASA1 RAS p21 protein activator P + T Ras GTPase activator
(GTPase activating protein) 1 activity|intracellular signaling
cascade
miR-145 NM_006506 RASA2 RAS p21 protein activator 2 P + T Ras GTPase activator
activity|intracellular signaling
cascade
miR-145 NM_002912 REV3L REV3-like, catalytic subunit M + P + T 3′-5′ exonuclease activity|DNA
of DNA polymerase zeta binding|DNA repair|DNA
(yeast) replication|DNA-dependent DNA
replication|DNA-directed DNA
polymerase activity|nucleotide
binding|nucleus|transferase
activity|zeta DNA polymerase
activity|zeta DNA polymerase
complex
miR-145 NM_002924 RGS7 regulator of G-protein P + T heterotrimeric G-protein
signalling 7 complex|intracellular signaling
cascade|regulation of G-protein
coupled receptor protein signaling
pathway|regulator of G-protein
signaling activity|signal transducer
activity
miR-145 AL136924 RIN2 Ras and Rab interactor 2 P + T GTPase activator activity|Rab
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor
activity|cellular_component
unknown|endocytosis|intracellular
signaling cascade|small GTPase
mediated signal transduction|small
GTPase regulator activity
miR-145 BE463945 RTKN rhotekin P + T intracellular|protein binding|signal
transduction|signal transduction
miR-145 AF225986 SCN3A sodium channel, voltage- P + T cation channel activity|cation
gated, type III, alpha transport|integral to
polypeptide membrane|membrane|sodium ion
transport|voltage-gated sodium
channel activity|voltage-gated
sodium channel complex
miR-145 NM_006080 SEMA3A sema domain, P + T cell differentiation|extracellular
immunoglobulin domain region|neurogenesis
(Ig), short basic domain,
secreted, (semaphorin) 3A
miR-145 NM_020796 SEMA6A sema domain, P + T apoptosis|axon|axon guidance|cell
transmembrane domain differentiation|cell surface receptor
(TM), and cytoplasmic linked signal
domain, (semaphorin) 6A transduction|cytoskeleton
organization and
biogenesis|development|integral to
membrane|membrane|neurogenesis|protein
binding|receptor activity
miR-145 NM_004171 SLC1A2 solute carrier family 1 (glial P + T L-glutamate transport|L-glutamate
high affinity glutamate transporter activity|dicarboxylic acid
transporter), member 2 transport|integral to
membrane|membrane|membrane
fraction|sodium:dicarboxylate
symporter activity|symporter
activity|synaptic
transmission|transport
miR-145 NM_003759 SLC4A4 solute carrier family 4, P + T anion transport|inorganic anion
sodium bicarbonate exchanger activity|integral to
cotransporter, member 4 membrane|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|sodium:bicarbonate
symporter activity|transport
miR-145 NM_030918 SNX27 hypothetical protein My014 M + P + T intracellular signaling
cascade|protein binding|protein
transport
miR-145 AI360875 SOX11 SRY (sex determining M + T DNA
region Y)-box 11 binding|neurogenesis|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-145 NM_000346 SOX9 SRY (sex determining P + T DNA binding|cartilage
region Y)-box 9 condensation|nucleus|regulation of
(campomelic dysplasia, transcription from RNA polymerase
autosomal sex-reversal) II promoter|skeletal
development|specific RNA
polymerase II transcription factor
activity|transcription
miR-145 AK023899 SRGAP1 SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase P + T GTPase activator activity
activating protein 1
miR-145 NM_003155 STC1 stanniocalcin 1 M + T calcium ion homeostasis|cell surface
receptor linked signal
transduction|cell-cell
signaling|extracellular
region|hormone activity|response to
nutrients
miR-145 BE219311 TIMM22 translocase of inner M + P + T integral to membrane|mitochondrial
mitochondrial membrane 22 inner
homolog (yeast) membrane|mitochondrion|protein
transport|protein transporter activity
miR-145 AA705845 TLE4 transducin-like enhancer of M + P frizzled signaling
split 4 (E(sp1) homolog, pathway|molecular_function
Drosophila) unknown|nucleus|nucleus|regulation
of transcription|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-145 BC005016 TRIM2 tripartite motif-containing 2 P + T cytoplasm|myosin binding|protein
ubiquitination|ubiquitin ligase
complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-145 NM_025076 UXS1 UDP-glucuronate M + P + T carbohydrate metabolism|isomerase
decarboxylase 1 activity|nucleotide-sugar metabolism
miR-145 NM_005433 YES1 v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma P + T ATP binding|intracellular signaling
viral oncogene homolog 1 cascade|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein-tyrosine
kinase activity|transferase activity
miR-145 BC003128 ZDHHC9 zinc finger, DHHC domain P + T integral to membrane|metal ion
containing 9 binding
miR-155 NM_019903 ADD3 adducin 3 (gamma) P + T calmodulin
binding|cytoskeleton|membrane|structural
constituent of cytoskeleton
miR-155 NM_020661 AICDA activation-induced cytidine P + T B-cell
deaminase differentiation|cellular_component
unknown|cytidine deaminase
activity|hydrolase activity|mRNA
processing|zinc ion binding
miR-155 NM_007202 AKAP10 A kinase (PRKA) anchor P + T kinase activity|mitochondrion|protein
protein 10 binding|protein localization|signal
transducer activity|signal
transduction
miR-155 AI806395 ALFY ALFY P + T binding|zinc ion binding
miR-155 NM_000038 APC adenomatosis polyposis coli P + T Wnt receptor signaling pathway|beta-
catenin binding|cell
adhesion|microtubule
binding|negative regulation of cell
cycle|protein|complex
assembly|signal transduction
miR-155 NM_017610 ARK Arkadia P + T protein ubiquitination|ubiquitin
ligase complex|ubiquitin-protein
ligase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-155 BG032269 ARL8 ADP-ribosylation-like factor 8 M + P + T GTP binding|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-155 AB000815 ARNTL aryl hydrocarbon receptor P + T circadian rhythm|nucleus|regulation
nuclear translocator-like of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transducer
activity|signal
transduction|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-155 NM_001670 ARVCF armadillo repeat gene P + T cell
deletes in velocardiofacial adhesion|cytoskeleton|development|protein
syndrome binding|structural molecule
activity
miR-155 AK024064 ASTN2 astrotactin 2 P + T integral to membrane
miR-155 M95541 ATP2B1 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, M + P + T ATP binding|calcium ion
plasma membrane 1 binding|calcium ion
transport|calcium-transporting
ATPase activity|calmodulin
binding|cation transport|hydrolase
activity|hydrolase activity, acting on
acid anhydrides, catalyzing
transmembrane movement of
substances|integral to plasma
membrane|magnesium ion
binding|membrane|metabolism
miR-155 NM_001186 BACH1 BTB and CNC homology 1, P + T DNA binding|nucleus|protein
basic leucine zipper binding|regulation of transcription,
transcription factor 1 DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-155 NM_007005 BCE-1 BCE-1 protein P + T frizzled signaling
pathway|molecular_function
unknown|nucleus|nucleus|regulation
of transcription|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-155 NM_022893 BCL11A B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11A P + T cytoplasm|hemopoiesis|nucleic acid
(zinc finger protein) binding|nucleus|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|zinc ion
binding
miR-155 NM_001709 BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic M + T growth factor activity|growth factor
factor activity|neurogenesis
miR-155 NM_014577 BRD1 bromodomain containing 1 P + T DNA binding|cell
cycle|nucleus|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-155 NM_024529 C1orf28 chromosome 1 open reading M + P + T
frame 28
miR-155 NM_000719 CACNA1C calcium channel, voltage- P + T calcium ion binding|calcium ion
dependent, L type, alpha 1C transport|cation transport|integral to
subunit membrane|ion channel activity|ion
transport|membrane|regulation of
heart contraction rate|voltage-gated
calcium channel activity|voltage-
gated calcium channel
activity|voltage-gated calcium
channel complex|voltage-gated
calcium channel complex
miR-155 AL118798 CD47 CD47 antigen (Rh-related P + T cell-matrix adhesion|integral to
antigen, integrin-associated plasma membrane|integrin-mediated
signal transducer) signaling pathway|plasma
membrane|protein binding
miR-155 AL564683 CEBPB CCAAT/enhancer binding M + P + T acute-phase response|inflammatory
protein (C/EBP), beta response|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-155 NM_007023 CGEF2 cAMP-regulated guanine M + P 3′,5′-cAMP binding|G-protein
nucleotide exchange factor coupled receptor protein signaling
II pathway|cAMP-dependent protein
kinase complex|cAMP-dependent
protein kinase regulator
activity|exocytosis|guanyl-nucleotide
exchange factor activity|membrane
fraction|nucleotide binding|protein
amino acid phosphorylation|small
GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-155 AU152178 CMG2 capillary morphogenesis P + T integral to membrane|receptor
protein 2 activity
miR-155 NM_005776 CNIH cornichon homolog P + T immune response|integral to
(Drosophila) membrane|intracellular signaling
cascade|membrane
miR-155 AW241703 CNTN4 Homo sapiens cDNA P + T cell adhesion|membrane|protein
FLJ32716 fis, clone binding
TESTI2000808, highly
similar to Rattus norvegicus
neural cell adhesion protein
BIG-2 precursor (BIG-2)
mRNA, mRNA sequence
miR-155 NM_000094 COL7A1 collagen, type VII, alpha 1 P + T basement membrane|cell
(epidermolysis bullosa, adhesion|collagen type
dystrophic, dominant and VII|cytoplasm|epidermis
recessive) development|phosphate
transport|protein binding|serine-type
endopeptidase inhibitor
activity|structural molecule activity
miR-155 NM_003653 COPS3 COP9 constitutive P + T signalosome complex
photomorphogenic homolog
subunit 3 (Arabidopsis)
miR-155 NM_005211 CSF1R colony stimulating factor 1 M + P + T ATP binding|antimicrobial humoral
receptor, formerly response (sensu Vertebrata)|cell
McDonough feline sarcoma proliferation|development|integral to
viral (v-fms) oncogene plasma membrane|macrophage
homolog colony stimulating factor receptor
activity|plasma membrane|protein
amino acid phosphorylation|receptor
activity|signal
transduction|transferase
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine kinase signaling
pathway
miR-155 NM_001892 CSNK1A1 casein kinase 1, alpha 1 P + T ATP binding|Wnt receptor signaling
pathway|casein kinase I
activity|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-155 NM_005214 CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- P + T immune response|immune
associated protein 4 response|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane
miR-155 U69546 CUGBP2 CUG triplet repeat, RNA M + P + T RNA binding|RNA binding|RNA
binding protein 2 processing|neuromuscular junction
development|nucleotide
binding|regulation of heart
contraction rate
miR-155 NM_030927 DC-TM4F2 tetraspanin similar to P + T integral to membrane
TM4SF9
miR-155 NM_015652 DKFZP564P1916 DKFZP564P1916 protein P + T
miR-155 AF151831 DKFZP566C134 DKFZP566C134 protein P + T protein binding
miR-155 NM_004411 DNCI1 dynein, cytoplasmic, P + T cytoplasmic dynein complex|motor
intermediate polypeptide 1 activity
miR-155 NM_001400 EDG1 endothelial differentiation, P + T G-protein coupled receptor protein
sphingolipid G-protein- signaling pathway|cell
coupled receptor, 1 adhesion|integral to plasma
membrane|lysosphingolipid and
lysophosphatidic acid receptor
activity|plasma membrane|receptor
activity|signal transduction
miR-155 NM_006795 EHD1 EH-domain containing 1 P + T ATP binding|GTP binding|GTPase
activity|biological_process
unknown|calcium ion
binding|cellular_component
unknown
miR-155 NM_012081 ELL2 ELL-related RNA M + P + T RNA elongation from RNA
polymerase II, elongation polymerase II promoter|RNA
factor polymerase II transcription factor
activity|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
elongation factor complex
miR-155 NM_005238 ETS1 v-ets erythroblastosis virus P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
E26 oncogene homolog 1 factor activity|immune
(avian) response|negative regulation of cell
proliferation|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-155 NM_002009 FGF7 fibroblast growth factor 7 P + T cell proliferation|cell-cell
(keratinocyte growth factor) signaling|epidermis
development|extracellular
region|growth factor activity|positive
regulation of cell
proliferation|regulation of cell
cycle|response to wounding|signal
transduction
miR-155 NM_018208 FLJ10761 hypothetical protein P + T biological_process
FLJ10761 unknown|cellular_component
unknown|choline kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-155 NM_018243 FLJ10849 hypothetical protein P + T GTP binding|cell cycle|cytokinesis
FLJ10849
miR-155 NM_022064 FLJ12565 hypothetical protein P + T ligase activity|protein
FLJ12565 ubiquitination|ubiquitin ligase
complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-155 NM_018391 FLJ23277 FLJ23277 protein P + T
miR-155 NM_021078 GCN5L2 GCN5 general control of M + P + T N-acetyltransferase
amino-acid synthesis 5-like activity|chromatin
2 (yeast) remodeling|histone acetyltransferase
activity|histone deacetylase
binding|nucleus|protein amino acid
acetylation|regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter|transcription|transcription
coactivator activity|transferase
activity
miR-155 NM_018178 GPP34R hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ10687
miR-155 AF019214 HBP1 HMG-box containing M + P DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
protein 1 transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-155 NM_006037 HDAC4 histone deacetylase 4 P + T B-cell differentiation|cell
cycle|chromatin
modification|cytoplasm|develop-
ment|histone deacetylase activity|histone
deacetylase complex|hydrolase
activity|inflammatory
response|negative regulation of
myogenesis|neurogenesis|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor binding|transcriptional
repressor activity
miR-155 NM_001530 HIF1A hypoxia-inducible factor 1, P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
alpha subunit (basic helix- factor activity, enhancer
loop-helix transcription binding|electron transport|histone
factor) acetyltransferase
binding|homeostasis|nucleus|nu-
cleus|protein heterodimerization
activity|protein heterodimerization
activity|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|response to
hypoxia|signal transducer
activity|signal transduction|signal
transduction|transcription factor
activity
miR-155 AL023584 HIVEP2 human immunodeficiency P + T
virus type I enhancer
binding protein 2
miR-155 AI682088 HLCS holocarboxylase synthetase P + T biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase]
(biotin-[proprionyl- ligase activity|biotin-
Coenzyme A-carboxylase [methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase]
(ATP-hydrolysing)] ligase) ligase activity|biotin-
[methylmalonyl-CoA-
carboxytransferase] ligase
activity|biotin-[propionyl-CoA-
carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)]
ligase activity|ligase activity|protein
modification
miR-155 NM_020190 HNOEL-iso HNOEL-iso protein P + T
miR-155 NM_014002 IKBKE inhibitor of kappa light P + T ATP binding|NF-kappaB-inducing
polypeptide gene enhancer kinase activity|cytoplasm|immune
in B-cells, kinase epsilon response|positive regulation of I-
kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB
cascade|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|signal transducer
activity|transferase activity
miR-155 D13720 ITK IL2-inducible T-cell kinase P + T ATP binding|cellular defense
response|intracellular signaling
cascade|non-membrane spanning
protein tyrosine kinase
activity|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|transferase activity
miR-155 NM_002249 KCNN3 potassium P + T calcium-activated potassium channel
intermediate/small activity|calcium-activated potassium
conductance calcium- channel activity|calmodulin
activated channel, subfamily binding|integral to membrane|ion
N, member 3 channel activity|ion
transport|membrane|membrane
fraction|neurogenesis|potassium ion
transport|potassium ion
transport|small conductance calcium-
activated potassium channel
activity|synaptic
transmission|voltage-gated potassium
channel complex
miR-155 AB033100 KIAA1274 KIAA protein (similar to P + T protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
mouse paladin)
miR-155 NM_017780 KIAA1416 KIAA1416 protein P + T ATP binding|chromatin|chromatin
assembly or disassembly|chromatin
binding|helicase activity|nucleus
miR-155 NM_002264 KPNA1 karyopherin alpha 1 P + T NLS-bearing substrate-nucleus
(importin alpha 5) import|cytoplasm|intracellular
protein transport|nuclear localization
sequence binding|nuclear
pore|nucleus|protein binding|protein
transporter activity|regulation of
DNA recombination
miR-155 AK021602 KPNA4 karyopherin alpha 4 P + T NLS-bearing substrate-nucleus
(importin alpha 3) import|binding|intracellular protein
transport|nucleus|protein transporter
activity
miR-155 NM_020354 LALP1 lysosomal apyrase-like M + P + T hydrolase activity
protein 1
miR-155 AW242408 LOC151531 Similar to uridine M + P + T cytosol|nucleoside
phosphorylase metabolism|nucleotide
[Homo sapiens], catabolism|protein
mRNA sequence binding|transferase activity,
transferring glycosyl groups|type III
intermediate filament|uridine
metabolism|uridine phosphorylase
activity
miR-155 NM_016210 LOC51161 g20 protein P + T
miR-155 NM_018557 LRP1B low density lipoprotein- P + T calcium ion binding|integral to
related protein 1B (deleted membrane|low-density lipoprotein
in tumors) receptor activity|membrane|protein
transport|receptor activity|receptor
mediated endocytosis
miR-155 NM_002446 MAP3K10 mitogen-activated protein M + P + T ATP binding|JUN kinase kinase
kinase kinase kinase 10 kinase activity|activation of
JNK|autophosphorylation|induction
of apoptosis|protein
homodimerization activity|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|signal
transduction|transferase activity
miR-155 NM_003954 MAP3K14 mitogen-activated protein P + T ATP binding|protein amino acid
kinase kinase kinase 14 phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-155 AL117407 MAP3K7IP2 mitogen-activated protein P + T kinase activity|positive regulation of
kinase kinase kinase 7 I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB
interacting protein 2 cascade|positive regulation of I-
kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB
cascade|signal transducer
activity|signal transducer activity
miR-155 NM_004992 MECP2 methyl CpG binding protein M + P + T DNA binding|negative regulation of
2 (Rett syndrome) transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
corepressor activity
miR-155 NM_002398 MEIS1 Meis1, myeloid ecotropic M + P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
viral integration site 1 factor activity|nucleus|regulation of
homolog (mouse) transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-155 NM_016289 MO25 MO25 protein P + T
miR-155 AA621962 MYO1D myosin ID M + P + T ATP binding|actin
binding|calmodulin binding|motor
activity|myosin
miR-155 NM_030571 N4WBP5 likely ortholog of mouse P + T positive regulation of I-kappaB
Nedd4 WW binding protein 5 kinase/NF-kappaB cascade|signal
transducer activity
miR-155 NM_014903 NAV3 neuron navigator 3 P + T ATP
binding|mitochondrion|nucleoside-
triphosphatase activity|nucleotide
binding
miR-155 NM_030571 NDFIP1 likely ortholog of mouse P + T positive regulation of I-kappaB
Nedd4 WW binding protein 5 kinase/NF-kappaB cascade|signal
transducer activity
miR-155 NM_006599 NFAT5 nuclear factor of activated M + P + T RNA polymerase II transcription
T-cells 5, tonicity- factor
responsive activity|excretion|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal
transduction|transcription factor
activity|transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter
miR-155 NM_002515 NOVA1 neuro-oncological ventral M + P + T RNA binding|RNA binding|RNA
antigen 1 splicing|RNA splicing|locomotory
behavior|locomotory
behavior|nucleus|synaptic
transmission|synaptic transmission
miR-155 AI373299 PANK1 pantothenate kinase 1 P + T ATP binding|coenzyme A
biosynthesis|pantothenate kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-155 BG110231 PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha P + T RNA binding|cytoplasm|mRNA
polyadenylylation|mRNA
processing|nucleus|polynucleotide
adenylyltransferase
activity|transcription|transferase
activity
miR-155 NM_020403 PCDH9 protocadherin 9 M + P + T calcium ion binding|cell
adhesion|homophilic cell
adhesion|integral to
membrane|membrane|protein binding
miR-155 NM_002655 PLAG1 pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 P + T nucleic acid
binding|nucleus|transcription factor
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-155 AJ272212 PSKH1 protein serine kinase H1 P + T ATP binding|Golgi
apparatus|nucleus|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-155 NM_014904 Rab11-FIP2 KIAA0941 protein P + T
miR-155 AF322067 RAB34 RAB34, member RAS P + T GTP binding|Golgi apparatus|protein
oncogene family transport|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-155 NM_002869 RAB6A RAB6A, member RAS M + P + T GTP binding|GTPase activity|Golgi
oncogene family apparatus|protein transport|small
GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-155 AL136727 RAB6C RAB6C, member RAS M + P + T GTP binding|GTPase
oncogene family activity|intracellular|protein
transport|response to drug|small
GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-155 NM_002902 RCN2 reticulocalbin 2, EF-hand P + T calcium ion binding|endoplasmic
calcium binding domain reticulum|protein binding
miR-155 AJ223321 RP58 zinc finger protein 238 M + P + T
miR-155 NM_002968 SALL1 sal-like 1 (Drosophila) P + T morphogenesis|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-155 NM_002971 SATB1 special AT-rich sequence P + T double-stranded DNA
binding protein 1 (binds to binding|establishment and/or
nuclear matrix/scaffold- maintenance of chromatin
associating DNA's) architecture|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-155 NM_003469 SCG2 secretogranin II P + T calcium ion binding|protein secretion
(chromogranin C)
miR-155 NM_005625 SDCBP syndecan binding protein P + T actin cytoskeleton organization and
(syntenin) biogenesis|adherens
junction|cytoskeletal adaptor
activity|cytoskeleton|endoplasmic
reticulum|interleukin-5 receptor
binding|interleukin-5 receptor
complex|intracellular signaling
cascade|metabolism|neurexin
binding|nucleus|oxidoreductase
activity|plasma membrane|protein
binding|protein heterodimerization
activity|protein-membrane
targeting|substrate-bound cell
migration, cell extension|synaptic
transmission|syndecan binding
miR-155 NM_000232 SGCB sarcoglycan, beta (43 kDa P + T cytoskeleton|cytoskeleton
dystrophin-associated organization and biogenesis|integral
glycoprotein) to plasma membrane|muscle
development|sarcoglycan complex
miR-155 NM_013257 SGKL serum/glucocorticoid P + T ATP binding|intracellular signaling
regulated kinase-like cascade|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|protein-tyrosine
kinase activity|response to
stress|transferase activity
miR-155 NM_005069 SIM2 single-minded homolog 2 P + T cell
(Drosophila) differentiation|neurogenesis|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transducer
activity|signal
transduction|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-155 AA927480 SKI v-ski sarcoma viral P + T
oncogene homolog (avian)
miR-155 NM_006748 SLA Src-like-adaptor P + T SH3/SH2 adaptor
activity|intracellular signaling
cascade
miR-155 AI684141 SMARCA4 SWI/SNF related, matrix P + T ATP binding|DNA binding|helicase
associated, actin dependent activity|helicase activity|hydrolase
regulator of chromatin, activity|nucleoplasm|nucleus|regulation
subfamily a, member 4 of transcription from RNA
polymerase II
promoter|transcription|transcription
coactivator activity|transcription
factor activity
miR-155 AB005043 SOCS1 suppressor of cytokine M + P + T JAK-STAT
signaling 1 cascade|cytoplasm|insulin-like
growth factor receptor
binding|intracellular signaling
cascade|negative regulation of JAK-
STAT cascade|protein kinase
binding|protein kinase inhibitor
activity|regulation of cell
growth|ubiquitin cycle
miR-155 NM_004232 SOCS4 suppressor of cytokine M + P JAK-STAT
signaling 4 cascade|cytoplasm|defense
response|intracellular signaling
cascade|regulation of cell growth
miR-155 NM_005986 SOX1 SRY (sex determining P + T DNA binding|establishment and/or
region Y)-box 1 maintenance of chromatin
architecture|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-155 AI360875 SOX11 SRY (sex determining M + T DNA
region Y)-box 11 binding|neurogenesis|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-155 AL136780 SOX6 SRY (sex determining P + T establishment and/or maintenance of
region Y)-box 6 chromatin architecture|heart
development|muscle
development|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-155 AW470841 SP3 Sp3 transcription factor P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcriptional
activator activity|transcriptional
repressor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-155 BF224259 SPF30 splicing factor 30, survival P + T RNA splicing|RNA splicing factor
of motor neuron-related activity, transesterification
mechanism|apoptosis|cytoplasm|induction
of apoptosis|spliceosome
assembly|spliceosome complex
miR-155 NM_003120 SPI1 spleen focus forming virus M + T negative regulation of transcription
(SFFV) proviral integration from RNA polymerase II
oncogene spi1 promoter|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-155 BE676214 SSH2 slingshot 2 P + T protein amino acid
dephosphorylation|protein
tyrosine/serine/threonine
phosphatase activity
miR-155 AF159447 SUFU suppressor of fused homolog P + T cell
(Drosophila) cycle|cytoplasm|development|negative
regulation of cell
cycle|nucleus|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|signal transducer
activity|signal transduction|skeletal
development|transcription
corepressor activity
miR-155 NM_006754 SYPL synaptophysin-like protein M + P + T integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|synaptic
transmission|synaptic
vesicle|transport|transporter activity
miR-155 NM_006286 TFDP2 transcription factor Dp-2 P + T DNA metabolism|nucleus|regulation
(E2F dimerization partner 2) of cell cycle|regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter|transcription|transcription
cofactor activity|transcription factor
activity|transcription factor complex
miR-155 AA705845 TLE4 transducin-like enhancer of P + T frizzled signaling
split 4 (E(sp1) homolog, pathway|molecular_function
Drosophila) unknown|nucleus|nucleus|regulation
of transcription|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-155 NM_014765 TOMM20 translocase of outer P + T integral to membrane|mitochondrial
mitochondrial membrane 20 outer membrane translocase
(yeast) homolog complex|mitochondrion|outer
membrane|protein translocase
activity|protein-mitochondrial
targeting
miR-155 AW341649 TP53INP1 tumor protein p53 inducible P + T apoptosis|nucleus
nuclear protein 1
miR-155 BC005016 TRIM2 tripartite motif-containing 2 P + T cytoplasm|myosin binding|protein
ubiquitination|ubiquitin ligase
complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-155 AA524505 TSGA zinc finger protein P + T nucleus
miR-155 AW157525 TSGA14 testis specific, 14 M + P + T centrosome
miR-155 X62048 WEE1 WEE1 homolog (S. pombe) P + T ATP
binding|cytokinesis|mitosis|nucleus|protein
amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|regulation of cell
cycle|transferase activity
miR-155 AC005539 WUGSC: Similar to uridine M + P + T
H_NH0335J18.1 phosphorylase
[Homo sapiens],
mRNA sequence
miR-155 NM_003413 ZIC3 Zic family member 3 P + T DNA binding|determination of
heterotaxy 1 (odd-paired left/right
homolog, Drosophila) symmetry|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|zinc ion
binding
miR-155 NM_007345 ZNF236 zinc finger protein 236 P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|zinc ion binding
miR-155 NM_006352 ZNF238 zinc finger protein 238 M + P + T chromosome organization and
biogenesis (sensu
Eukaryota)|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|nuclear
chromosome|nucleic acid
binding|nucleus|protein
binding|protein binding|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|specific RNA polymerase
II transcription factor
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transport|zinc ion
binding
miR-21 NM_005164 ABCD2 ATP-binding cassette, sub- M + P ATP binding|ATP-binding cassette
family D (ALD), member 2 (ABC) transporter complex|ATPase
activity|ATPase activity, coupled to
transmembrane movement of
substances|fatty acid
metabolism|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|peroxisome|transport
miR-21 NM_001616 ACVR2 activin A receptor, type II P + T ATP binding|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|protein amino
acid phosphorylation|receptor
activity|transferase
activity|transforming growth factor
beta receptor activity|transmembrane
receptor protein serine/threonine
kinase signaling pathway
miR-21 NM_015339 ADNP activity-dependent P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
neuroprotector DNA-dependent|transcription factor
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-21 AI990366 ARHGEF7 Rho guanine nucleotide P + T guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor
exchange factor (GEF) 7 activity|signal transduction
miR-21 NM_017610 ARK Arkadia P + T protein ubiquitination|ubiquitin
ligase complex|ubiquitin-protein
ligase activity|zinc ion binding
miR-21 NM_014034 ASF1A DKFZP547E2110 protein P + T chromatin binding|loss of chromatin
silencing|nucleus
miR-21 NM_017680 ASPN asporin (LRR class 1) P + T
miR-21 NM_000657 BCL2 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 P + T anti-apoptosis|endoplasmic
reticulum|humoral immune
response|integral to
membrane|membrane|mitochondrial
outer membrane|mitochondrial outer
membrane|mitochondrion|negative
regulation of cell
proliferation|nucleus|protein
binding|regulation of
apoptosis|regulation of cell
cycle|release of cytochrome c from
mitochondria
miR-21 NM_014577 BRD1 bromodomain containing 1 P + T DNA binding|cell
cycle|nucleus|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-21 AA902767 BRD2 bromodomain containing 2 P + T nucleus|protein serine/threonine
kinase activity|spermatogenesis
miR-21 NM_014962 BTBD3 BTB (POZ) domain P + T protein binding
containing 3
miR-21 NM_006763 BTG2 BTG family, member 2 P + T DNA repair|negative regulation of
cell proliferation|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-21 AK025768 C20orf99 chromosome 20 open P + T nucleic acid binding
reading frame 99
miR-21 AI671238 CAPN3 Homo sapiens cDNA P + T calcium ion binding|calpain
FLJ23750 fis, clone activity|calpain
HEP16527, mRNA activity|intracellular|intracellular|muscle
sequence development|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|proteolysis and
peptidolysis|signal transducer
activity
miR-21 NM_002981 CCL1 chemokine (C-C motif) P + T calcium ion homeostasis|cell-cell
ligand 1 signaling|chemokine
activity|chemotaxis|extracellular
space|inflammatory response|sensory
perception|signal transduction|viral
life cycle
miR-21 BF939071 CCM1 cerebral cavernous M + P binding|catalytic
malformations 1 activity|cytoskeleton|small GTPase
mediated signal transduction|small
GTPase regulator activity
miR-21 NM_001789 CDC25A cell division cycle 25A P + T cell
proliferation|cytokinesis|hydrolase
activity|intracellular|mitosis|protein
amino acid
dephosphorylation|protein tyrosine
phosphatase activity|regulation of
cyclin dependent protein kinase
activity
miR-21 NM_001842 CNTFR ciliary neurotrophic factor M + P + T ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor
receptor activity|cytokine binding|extrinsic to
membrane|neurogenesis|receptor
activity|signal transduction
miR-21 NM_001310 CREBL2 cAMP responsive element P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
binding protein-like 2 DNA-dependent|signal
transduction|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-21 NM_016441 CRIM1 cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 M + P + T insulin-like growth factor receptor
activity|integral to
membrane|membrane
fraction|neurogenesis|serine-type
endopeptidase inhibitor activity
miR-21 NM_015396 DKFZP434A043 DKFZP434A043 protein P + T cell adhesion|cytoskeleton|mitotic
chromosome condensation|protein
binding|structural molecule activity
miR-21 AL047650 DKFZp434A2417 endozepine-related protein P + T acyl-CoA binding
precursor
miR-21 AB028628 DKFZP547E2110 DKFZP547E2110 protein P + T chromatin binding|loss of chromatin
silencing|nucleus
miR-21 NM_031305 DKFZP564B1162 hypothetical protein P + T GTPase activator activity
DKFZp564B1162
miR-21 NM_004405 DLX2 distal-less homeo box 2 P + T brain
development|development|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-21 NM_001949 E2F3 E2F transcription factor 3 M + P + T nucleus|protein binding|regulation of
cell cycle|regulation of transcription,
DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
complex|transcription initiation from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-21 NM_006795 EHD1 EH-domain containing 1 P + T ATP binding|GTP binding|GTPase
activity|biological_process
unknown|calcium ion
binding|cellular_component
unknown
miR-21 NM_001412 EIF1A eukaryotic translation P + T RNA binding|eukaryotic translation
initiation factor 1A initiation factor 4F complex|protein
biosynthesis|translation initiation
factor activity|translational
initiation|translational initiation
miR-21 AI832074 EIF2C2 eukaryotic translation P + T cellular_component unknown|protein
initiation factor 2C, 2 biosynthesis|translation initiation
factor activity
miR-21 NM_006874 ELF2 E74-like factor 2 (ets P + T nucleus|nucleus|protein
domain transcription factor) binding|protein binding|regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase
II promoter|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity|transcriptional activator
activity|transcriptional activator
activity
miR-21 NM_004438 EPHA4 EphA4 P + T ATP binding|ephrin receptor
activity|integral to plasma
membrane|membrane|protein amino
acid phosphorylation|receptor
activity|signal
transduction|transferase
activity|transmembrane receptor
protein tyrosine kinase signaling
pathway
miR-21 BE888593 FLJ11220 hypothetical protein P + T
FLJ11220
miR-21 NM_017637 FLJ20043 hypothetical protein P + T nucleic acid binding|nucleus|zinc ion
FLJ20043 binding
miR-21 AF019214 HBP1 HMG-box containing M + P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
protein 1 transcription, DNA-dependent
miR-21 NM_000214 JAG1 jagged 1 (Alagille M + P + T Notch binding|Notch signaling
syndrome) pathway|angiogenesis|calcium ion
binding|calcium ion binding|cell
communication|cell fate
determination|development|endothelial
cell differentiation|extracellular
region|growth factor
activity|hemopoiesis|integral to
plasma membrane|keratinocyte
differentiation|membrane|myoblast
differentiation|neurogenesis|regulation
of cell migration|regulation of cell
proliferation|structural molecule
activity
miR-21 NM_002232 KCNA3 potassium voltage-gated M + P + T cation transport|delayed rectifier
channel, shaker-related potassium channel activity|integral to
subfamily, member 3 membrane|membrane|membrane
fraction|potassium ion
transport|voltage-gated potassium
channel complex
miR-21 NM_014766 KIAA0193 KIAA0193 gene product P + T cellular_component
unknown|dipeptidase
activity|exocytosis|proteolysis and
peptidolysis
miR-21 NM_014912 KIAA0940 KIAA0940 protein M + P + T nucleic acid binding
miR-21 NM_014952 KIAA0945 KIAA0945 protein P + T DNA binding
miR-21 NM_017780 KIAA1416 KIAA1416 protein P + T ATP binding|chromatin|chromatin
assembly or disassembly|chromatin
binding|helicase activity|nucleus
miR-21 AB040901 KIAA1468 KIAA1468 protein P + T binding|mitotic chromosome
condensation
miR-21 U90268 Krit1 cerebral cavernous M + P binding|catalytic
malformations 1 activity|cytoskeleton|small GTPase
mediated signal transduction|small
GTPase regulator activity
miR-21 BF591611 LOC147632 hypothetical protein P + T oxidoreductase activity|zinc ion
BC010734 binding
miR-21 NM_005904 MADH7 MAD, mothers against P + T intracellular|protein binding|receptor
decapentaplegic homolog 7 signaling protein serine/threonine
(Drosophila) kinase signaling protein
activity|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|response to
stress|transcription|transforming
growth factor beta receptor signaling
pathway|transforming growth factor
beta receptor, inhibitory cytoplasmic
mediator activity
miR-21 NM_025146 MAK3P likely ortholog of mouse P + T N-acetyltransferase activity
Mak3p homolog
(S. cerevisiae)
miR-21 NM_014319 MAN1 integral inner nuclear P + T integral to membrane|integral to
membrane protein nuclear inner membrane|membrane
fraction|nuclear
membrane|nucleotide binding
miR-21 AW025150 MAP3K12 mitogen-activated protein M + T ATP binding|JNK
kinase kinase kinase 12 cascade|cytoplasm|magnesium ion
binding|plasma membrane|protein
amino acid phosphorylation|protein
kinase cascade|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|protein-tyrosine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-21 NM_012325 MAPRE1 microtubule-associated P + T cell
protein, RP/EB family, proliferation|cytokinesis|microtubule
member 1 binding|mitosis|protein C-terminus
binding|regulation of cell cycle
miR-21 NM_002380 MATN2 matrilin 2 P + T biological_process unknown|calcium
ion binding|extracellular matrix
(sensu Metazoa)
miR-21 NM_018834 MATR3 matrin 3 M + P + T RNA binding|nuclear inner
membrane|nucleotide
binding|nucleus|structural molecule
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-21 NM_021038 MBNL1 muscleblind-like M + P + T cytoplasm|double-stranded RNA
(Drosophila) binding|embryonic development
(sensu Mammalia)|embryonic limb
morphogenesis|muscle
development|myoblast
differentiation|neurogenesis|nucleic
acid binding|nucleus|nucleus
miR-21 AI139252 MGC16063 ribosomal protein L35a P + T JAK-STAT cascade|acute-phase
response|calcium ion binding|cell
motility|cytoplasm|hematopoietin/interferon-
class (D200-domain)
cytokine receptor signal transducer
activity|intracellular signaling
cascade|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter|neurogenesis|nucleus|nu-
cleus|regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transducer
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity
miR-21 BC004162 MGC2452 hypothetical protein P + T fatty acid metabolism|generation of
MGC2452 precursor metabolites and
energy|ligand-dependent nuclear
receptor activity|lipid
metabolism|nucleus|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|steroid hormone receptor
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity|transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter
miR-21 NM_024052 MGC3048 hypothetical protein P + T
MGC3048
miR-21 AB049636 MRPL9 mitochondrial ribosomal P + T mitochondrion|protein
protein L9 biosynthesis|ribosome|structural
constituent of ribosome
miR-21 NM_015678 NBEA neurobeachin P + T Golgi trans
face|cytosol|endomembrane
system|plasma membrane|post-Golgi
transport|postsynaptic
membrane|protein kinase A binding
miR-21 AI700518 NFIB nuclear factor I/B M + T DNA
replication|nucleus|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity
miR-21 NM_002527 NTF3 neurotrophin 3 M + P anti-apoptosis|cell motility|cell-cell
signaling|growth factor
activity|neurogenesis|signal
transduction
miR-21 U24223 PCBP1 poly(rC) binding protein 1 M + P + T RNA binding|catalytic
activity|cytoplasm|mRNA
metabolism|nucleus|ribonucleoprotein
complex|single-stranded DNA
binding
miR-21 NM_005016 PCBP2 poly(rC) binding protein 2 M + T DNA binding|RNA
binding|cytoplasm|mRNA
metabolism|nucleic acid
binding|nucleus|ribonucleoprotein
complex
miR-21 NM_014456 PDCD4 programmed cell death 4 P + T apoptosis
(neoplastic transformation
inhibitor)
miR-21 AF338650 PDZD2 PDZ domain containing 2 P + T
miR-21 NM_000325 PITX2 paired-like homeodomain M + P + T determination of left/right
transcription factor 2 symmetry|development|nucleus|organo-
genesis|regulation of transcription,
DNA-dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-21 NM_002655 PLAG1 pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 P + T nucleic acid
binding|nucleus|transcription factor
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-21 NM_005036 PPARA peroxisome proliferative P + T fatty acid metabolism|generation of
activated receptor, alpha precursor metabolites and
energy|ligand-dependent nuclear
receptor activity|lipid
metabolism|nucleus|nucleus|regulation
of transcription, DNA-
dependent|steroid hormone receptor
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity|transcription from RNA
polymerase II promoter
miR-21 NM_002711 PPP1R3A protein phosphatase 1, P + T carbohydrate metabolism|glycogen
regulatory (inhibitor) metabolism|hydrolase
subunit 3A (glycogen and activity|integral to
sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane|phosphoprotein
binding subunit, skeletal phosphatase activity|type 1
muscle) serine/threonine specific protein
phosphatase inhibitor activity
miR-21 NM_000944 PPP3CA protein phosphatase 3 P + T calcineurin complex|calcium ion
(formerly 2B), catalytic binding|calmodulin
subunit, alpha isoform binding|hydrolase activity|protein
(calcineurin A alpha) amino acid
dephosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine phosphatase activity
miR-21 NM_018569 PRO0971 hypothetical protein P + T
PRO0971
miR-21 AA156948 PRPF4B PRP4 pre-mRNA processing M + T ATP binding|RNA splicing|nuclear
factor 4 homolog B (yeast) mRNA splicing, via
spliceosome|nucleus|protein amino
acid phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-21 BF337790 PURB purine-rich element binding M + P + T
protein B
miR-21 NM_002869 RAB6A RAB6A, member RAS P + T GTP binding|GTPase activity|Golgi
oncogene family apparatus|protein transport|small
GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-21 AL136727 RAB6C RAB6C, member RAS P + T GTP binding|GTPase
oncogene family activity|intracellular|protein
transport|response to drug|small
GTPase mediated signal transduction
miR-21 NM_002890 RASA1 RAS p21 protein activator P + T Ras GTPase activator
(GTPase activating protein) 1 activity|intracellular signaling
cascade
miR-21 NM_005739 RASGRP1 RAS guanyl releasing P + T Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange
protein 1 (calcium and factor activity|Ras protein signal
DAG-regulated) transduction|calcium ion
binding|calcium ion
binding|diacylglycerol
binding|guanyl-nucleotide exchange
factor activity|membrane
fraction|small GTPase mediated
signal transduction
miR-21 NM_021111 RECK reversion-inducing-cysteine- M + P + T cell cycle|membrane|membrane
rich protein with kazal fraction|metalloendopeptidase
motifs inhibitor activity|negative regulation
of cell cycle|serine-type
endopeptidase inhibitor activity
miR-21 NM_006915 RP2 retinitis pigmentosa 2 (X- P + T beta-tubulin
linked recessive) folding|membrane|sensory
perception|unfolded protein
binding|visual perception
miR-21 AA906056 RPS6KA3 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, M + T ATP binding|central nervous system
90 kDa, polypeptide 3 development|protein amino acid
phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|signal transduction|skeletal
development|transferase activity
miR-21 NM_002971 SATB1 special AT-rich sequence M + P + T double-stranded DNA
binding protein 1 (binds to binding|establishment and/or
nuclear matrix/scaffold- maintenance of chromatin
associating DNA's) architecture|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription factor
activity
miR-21 NM_014191 SCN8A sodium channel, voltage M + P + T ATP binding|cation channel
gated, type VIII, alpha activity|cation transport|integral to
polypeptide membrane|membrane|neurogenesis|sodium
ion transport|voltage-gated
sodium channel activity|voltage-
gated sodium channel complex
miR-21 AA927480 SKI v-ski sarcoma viral M + P + T
oncogene homolog (avian)
miR-21 NM_003983 SLC7A6 solute carrier family 7 P + T amino acid metabolism|amino acid
(cationic amino acid transport|amino acid-polyamine
transporter, y + system), transporter activity|integral to plasma
member 6 membrane|plasma membrane|protein
complex assembly|transport
miR-21 NM_006359 SLC9A6 solute carrier family 9 P + T antiporter activity|endoplasmic
(sodium/hydrogen reticulum membrane|integral to
exchanger), isoform 6 membrane|integral to membrane|ion
transport|microsome|mitochondrion|regulation
of pH|sodium ion
transport|sodium:hydrogen antiporter
activity|solute:hydrogen antiporter
activity
miR-21 NM_003076 SMARCD1 SWI/SNF related, matrix P + T chromatin remodeling|chromatin
associated, actin dependent remodeling complex|regulation of
regulator of chromatin, transcription from RNA polymerase
subfamily d, member 1 II promoter|transcription coactivator
activity
miR-21 AI669815 SOX2 SRY (sex determining P + T establishment and/or maintenance of
region Y)-box 2 chromatin
architecture|nucleus|regulation of
transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity
miR-21 NM_006940 SOX5 SRY (sex determining P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
region Y)-box 5 DNA-
dependent|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription from
RNA polymerase II promoter
miR-21 AI808807 SOX7 SRY (sex determining P + T DNA binding|nucleus|regulation of
region Y)-box 7 transcription, DNA-
dependent|transcription
miR-21 NM_006717 SPIN Spindling P + T gametogenesis|ribonucleoprotein
complex
miR-21 NM_005842 SPRY2 sprouty homolog 2 P + T cell-cell
(Drosophila) signaling|development|mem-
brane|organogenesis|regulation
of signal transduction
miR-21 NM_006751 SSFA2 sperm specific antigen 2 P + T plasma membrane
miR-21 NM_006603 STAG2 stromal antigen 2 P + T cell cycle|chromosome
segregation|cytokinesis|meiosis|mito-
sis|molecular_function
unknown|nucleus
miR-21 BC000627 STAT3 signal transducer and P + T JAK-STAT cascade|acute-phase
activator of transcription 3 response|calcium ion binding|cell
(acute-phase response motility|cytoplasm|hematopoietin|interferon-
factor) class (D200-domain)
cytokine receptor signal transducer
activity|intracellular signaling
cascade|negative regulation of
transcription from RNA polymerase II
promoter|neurogenesis|nucleus|nu-
cleus|regulation of transcription, DNA-
dependent|signal transducer
activity|transcription|transcription
factor activity|transcription factor
activity
miR-21 AW138827 TAF5 TAF5 RNA polymerase II, P + T nucleus|regulation of transcription,
TATA box binding protein DNA-dependent|transcription factor
(TBP)-associated factor, TFIID complex|transcription factor
100 kDa activity
miR-21 BF591040 TAGAP T-cell activation GTPase P + T GTPase activator activity
activating protein
miR-21 NM_000358 TGFBI transforming growth factor, M + P + T cell adhesion|cell
beta-induced, 68 kDa proliferation|extracellular matrix
(sensu Metazoa)|extracellular
space|integrin binding|negative
regulation of cell adhesion|protein
binding|sensory perception|visual
perception
miR-21 NM_000362 TIMP3 tissue inhibitor of P + T enzyme inhibitor
metalloproteinase 3 (Sorsby activity|extracellular matrix (sensu
fundus dystrophy, Metazoa)|extracellular matrix (sensu
pseudoinflammatory) Metazoa)|induction of apoptosis by
extracellular
signals|metalloendopeptidase
inhibitor activity|sensory
perception|visual perception
miR-21 AA149745 TRIM2 tripartite motif-containing 2 M + P + T cytoplasm|myosin binding|protein
ubiquitination|ubiquitin ligase
complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-21 AF346629 TRPM7 transient receptor potential P + T ATP binding|calcium channel
cation channel, subfamily activity|calcium ion transport|cation
M, member 7 transport|integral to
membrane|membrane|protein amino
acid phosphorylation|protein
serine/threonine kinase
activity|transferase activity
miR-21 AI745185 YAP1 Yes-associated protein 1, P + T
65 kDa
miR-21 NM_005667 ZFP103 zinc finger protein 103 P + T central nervous system
homolog (mouse) development|integral to
membrane|protein
ubiquitination|ubiquitin ligase
complex|ubiquitin-protein ligase
activity|zinc ion binding
miR-21 N62196 ZNF367 zinc finger protein 367 M + P + T nucleic acid binding|nucleus|zinc ion
binding
M = MiRanda
P = PicTar
T = TargetScan
Example 3 Bio-Pathological Features and microRNA Expression Materials and Methods
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Breast Cancer Samples.
Staining procedures were performed as described (Querzoli, P., et al., Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 21:151-160 (1999)). Hormonal receptors were evaluated with 6F11 antibody for estrogen receptor α (ER) and PGR-1A6 antibody for progesterone receptor (PR) (Ventana, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A.). The proliferation index was assessed with MIB1 antibody (DAKO, Copenhagen). ERBB2 was detected with CB11 antibody (Ventana, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A.) and p53 protein expression was examined with DO7 antibody (Ventana, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A.). Only tumor cells with distinct nuclear immunostaining for ER, PR, Mib1 and p53 were recorded as positive. Tumor cells were considered positive for ERBB2 when they showed distinct membrane immunoreactivity.
To perform a quantitative analysis of the expression of these various biological markers, the Eureka Menarini computerized image analysis system was used. For each tumor section, at least 20 microscopic fields of invasive carcinoma were measured using a 40× objective. The following cut-off values were employed: 10% of positive nuclear area for ER, PR, c-erbB2 and p53, 13% of nuclei expressing Mib1 was introduced to discriminate cases with high and low proliferative activity.
Results
To evaluate whether a correlation exists between various bio-pathological features associated with breast cancer and the expression of particular miRNAs, we generated and compared miRNA expression profiles for various cancer samples associated with the presence or absence of a particular breast cancer feature. In particular, we analyzed breast cancers with lobular or ductal histotypes, breast cancers with differential expression of either estrogen receptor alpha (ER) or progesterone receptor, and breast cancers with differences in lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, proliferation index, and expression of ERBB2 and p53.
Expression profiles of lobular or ductal and +/−ERBB2 expression classes did not reveal any microRNAs that were differentially-expressed, while all other comparisons revealed a small number of differentially-expressed microRNAs (P<0.05). The results of this analysis are shown in FIG. 4.
Differentially-expressed miRNA families were identified for various bio-pathological features that are associated with human breast cancer. For example, all miR-30 miRNAs are down-regulated in both ER− and PR− tumors, suggesting that expression of miR-30 miRNAs is regulated by these hormones. In addition, the expression of various let-7 miRNAs was down-regulated in breast cancer samples with either lymph node metastasis or a high proliferation index, suggesting that reduced let-7 expression could be associated with a poor prognosis, a result that is consistent with previous findings. The discovery that the let-7 family of miRNAs regulates the expression of members of the RAS oncogene family provides a potential explanation for the role of let-7 miRNAs in human cancer.
miR-145 and miR-21, two miRNAs whose expression could differentiate cancer or normal tissues, were also differentially-expressed in cancers with a different proliferation index or different tumor stage. In particular, miR-145 is progressively down-regulated from normal breast to cancers with a high proliferation index. Similarly, miR-21 is progressively up-regulated from normal breast to cancers with high tumor stage. These findings suggest that deregulation of these two miRNAs may affect critical molecular events involved in tumor progression.
Another miRNA potentially involved in cancer progression is miR-9-3. miR-9-3 was downregulated in breast cancers with either high vascular invasion or lymph node metastasis, suggesting that its down-regulation was acquired during the course of tumor progression and, in particular, during the acquisition of metastatic potential.
The relevant teachings of all publications cited herein that have not explicitly been incorporated by reference, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.