CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/691,344, filed 20 Apr. 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/090,213, filed 19 Apr. 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/325,773, filed on 19 Apr. 2010, all of which are incorporated in their entireties by this reference.
This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/969,848 filed on 4 Jan. 2008 and entitled “System and Method for Raised Touch Screens”, U.S. application Ser. No. 12/319,334 filed on 5 Jan. 2009 and entitled “User Interface System”, U.S. application Ser. No. 12/497,622 filed on 3 Jul. 2009 and “User Interface System and Method”, which are all incorporated in their entirety by this reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates generally to touch sensitive user interfaces, and more specifically to a new and useful mountable systems and methods for selectively raising portions of touch sensitive displays.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a top view of the user interface system of a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of a button array of a first preferred embodiment
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of a button array of a second preferred embodiment.
FIGS. 4a-4c are cross-sectional views of the retracted, first stage extended, and second stage extended modes of a first variation of the second preferred embodiment as applied to a first variation of the sheet.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the first variation of the second preferred embodiment as applied to a second variation of the sheet.
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the first variation of the second preferred embodiment as applied to a third variation of the sheet.
FIGS. 7a-7d are schematic representations the second variation of the second preferred embodiment as applied to a fourth variation of the sheet that includes a different number of first level cavities and second level cavities.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the second variation the second preferred embodiment as applied to a fifth variation of the sheet that includes a different number of first level cavities and second level cavities.
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a combination of the first and second preferred embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to these preferred embodiments, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use this invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the user interface system 100 of the preferred embodiments includes a sheet 102 that defines a surface 115 and at least partially defines a first level fluid vessel 127 at a first level within the sheet 102 and a second level fluid vessel 227 arranged at a second level within the sheet, wherein both the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 are arranged underneath the surface; a first volume of fluid 112 contained within the first level fluid vessel 127; and a second volume of fluid 212 contained within the second level fluid vessel 227. The user interface system 100 further includes a displacement device coupled to the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 that selectively manipulates the first and second volumes of fluid 112 and 212, thereby either deforming a first and second particular region of the surface 113a and 113b, respectively (in the first preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2) or deforming a particular region of the surface 115 to a first and second stage, respectively (in a second preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3). The first and second stage may differ in height and/or magnitude of the deformation in the particular region 113 (as shown in FIG. 3), but may alternatively differ in the surface area of the deformed particular region, as shown in FIG. 7. Alternatively, the first and second stage may differ in height difference between a first and second portion of the surface 115. For example, the first stage may expand a first particular region to rise above of the surface while the second stage may deflate a second particular region substantially adjacent to the first particular region to go below the surface, increasing the height difference between the first particular region and the substantially adjacent second particular region. However, the first and second stage may differ in any other aspect of the deformed particular region. The user interface system 100 may also include a third level cavity that is preferably located at a third level within the sheet to achieve a third stage of deformation of the particular region 113 or to deform a third particular region 113. In each of the variations of the first, second, and third level fluid vessels as described above, a portion of each of the fluid vessels may be arranged along the same plane within the sheet 102, for example, as shown in FIG. 8. However, the user interface system may include any other suitable number or combination of fluid vessels on different height levels and different locations relative to the surface 115 within the user interface system.
The user interface system 100 of the preferred embodiments has been specifically designed to be attached or appended to the user interface of an electronic device, more preferably in an electronic device that utilizes a touch sensitive display as the main means to receive user input. In this variation, the sheet 102 and the first and second volumes of fluid 112 and 212 preferably cooperate to allow the transmission of an image from the display through user interface system 100 without substantial visual obstruction. The device may be, for example, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, a PDA, a personal navigation device, a remote control, a personal media player, a camera, a trackpad, a dashboard in a car, or a keyboard. However, the user interface system 100 may be used with a device that does not include a display, for example, a steering wheel, a watch, a radio, or a hand held remote. The user interface enhancement system 100 may, however, be used as the user interface for any suitable device that interfaces with a user in a tactile and/or visual manner. As described in U.S. applications Ser. Nos. 11/969,848 and 12/319,334, the surface 115 of the user interface enhancement system 100 preferably remains flat until tactile guidance is to be given to the user in the location of the particular region 113. The displacement device 130 then preferably expands a portion of the first level fluid vessel 127 and/or the second level fluid vessel 227 to deform the particular region 113 outward, forming a deformation that may be seen and/or felt by a user, and providing tactile guidance for the user. The expanded particular region 113 preferably also provides tactile feedback to the user when he or she applies force onto the particular region 113 to provide input. Tactile feedback may be in the form of Newton's third law, where an applied force has an equal and opposite reaction force, but may alternatively be any other suitable type of tactile feedback. Alternatively, the displacement device 130 may retract a portion of the first level fluid vessel 127 and/or the second level fluid vessel 227 to deform the particular region 113 inward. However, any other suitable deformation of the particular region 113 may be used.
In the preferred embodiments, the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 are preferably substantially identical aside from the arrangement of the fluid vessel within the sheet 102 and are preferably of the type of fluid vessel as described in U.S. applications Ser. Nos. 11/969,848 and 12/319,334. The first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 each preferably include at least one first level cavity 125 and second level cavity 225, respectively, and the displacement device 130 preferably influences the volumes of fluid 112 and 212 within the cavities 125 and 225 to expand and retract the each of the cavities 125 and 225 independently of each other. As shown in FIG. 4, the user interface system 100 may further include a valve 139 that functions to direct fluid within the user interface system 100 and preferably cooperates with the displacement device 130 to manipulate the fluid within the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227. In this variation, the first and second volumes of fluid 112 and 212 may intermix. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, the displacement device 130 may include a first displacement device 130a that functions to manipulate the first volume of fluid 112 and a second displacement device 130b that functions to manipulate the second volume of fluid 212. However, any other suitable arrangement of the displacement device 130 to manipulate the first and second volumes of fluid 112 and 212 substantially independently of each other may be used.
The fluid vessels 127 and 227 may alternatively each include a first level channel 138 and second level channel 238, respectively, or a combination of a channel 138 and a cavity 125 and channel 238 and cavity 225. Each of the fluid vessels 127 and 227 may also include a second cavity 125b and 225b in addition to a first cavity 125a and 225a. The second cavities 125b and 225b are preferably similar or identical to the cavities 125a and 225a, but may alternatively be any other suitable kind of cavity. When the second cavity 125b and/or 225b are expanded, a second particular region 113 on the surface 115 is preferably deformed. The displacement device 130 preferably also influences the first volume of fluid 112 within the second cavity 125b independently of the first cavity 125a and the second volume of fluid 212 within the second cavity 225b independently of the first cavity 225a. However, any other suitable arrangement of the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 and the displacement device 130 may be used.
The first and second volumes of fluid 112 and 212 of the preferred embodiments are preferably substantially similar, for example, a fluid that is index matched with the sheet to allow an image to pass through the sheet without substantial visual obstruction, as described in U.S. applications Ser. Nos. 11/969,848 and 12/319,334. Alternatively, the first and second volumes of fluid 112 and 212 may be substantially different. For example, one of the first and second volumes of fluid may be index matched to the sheet 102 while the other of the first and second volumes of fluid may be another type of fluid that may not be index matched but that does not substantially change light that passes through. For example, in the variation as shown in FIG. 7d, the first volume of fluid 112 may be air while the second volume of fluid 212 may be a fluid that is index matched to the sheet 102. In this variation, the thickness of the first volume of fluid 112 is preferably small such that the affect on the passage of light through the air is substantially low and optical distortion is substantially zero. However, any other suitable type of fluid may be used for the first and second volumes of fluid 112 and 212.
The sheet 102 of the user interface system 100 of the first and second preferred embodiments may be any one of the following variations or any other suitable combination of the following variations. In a first variation, as shown in FIGS. 2-4, the sheet 102 may include a substrate 120 that at least partially defines both the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 and a layer 110 arranged above the substrate that defines the surface. The layer 110 may also function to cooperate with the substrate to define at least one of the fluid vessels 127 and 227. In a second variation, as shown in FIG. 5, the sheet 102 may include a first substrate 120 that at least partially define the first level cavity 125 and a second substrate 220 that at least partially define the second level cavity 225. In a third variation, as shown in FIG. 6, sheet 102 may also include a second layer 210 located in between the first and second level fluid vessels 127 and 227 (and in between the first and second substrates 120 and 220 in the second variation). The user interface system 100 of this variation may also include a second displacement device 130b that is coupled to the second level fluid vessel 227 through a second channel 238. The second layer 210 may function to support the first substrate 120 and/or to partially define the second level cavity 225. The multiple substrates and/or layers in the second and third variations may be particularly useful in composing a sheet that includes a plurality of different materials, for example, materials with different degrees of pliability to allow for a first and second particular region to be deformed and/or to allow deformation of a particular region to a first and second stage.
In a fourth variation, as shown in FIGS. 7a-7c, sheet 102 includes a first layer 110 and a second layer 210 that cooperatively define a first level fluid vessel 127. In this variation, the boundaries of the cavity 125 of the first level fluid vessel 127 are defined by where the first and second layers 110 and 210 are attached (in other words, at an attachment point 117 as described below) to each other and the cavity 125 is a location where the first and second layers 110 and 210 are not attached to each other. The location of the attachment point 117 between the first and second layers 110 and 210 may be substantially adjacent to the first and second cavities 225a and 225b, as shown in FIGS. 7b and 7c, allowing the first layer no to follow the shape of the second layer 210 substantially closely. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7d, the location of the attachment point 117 may be substantially removed from the first and second cavities 225a and 225b, allowing the first layer 110 to follow the shape of the second layer 210 substantially loosely. However, any other suitable location of the attachment point 117 may be used. A first channel 138 allows fluid to flow into the space in between the first and second layers 110 and 210 at an unattached location, expanding the cavity 125. The sheet 102 of the fourth variation may also include a second substrate 220 that at least partially defines a second level fluid vessel 227. As shown in FIGS. 7a-7c, the substrate 120 of this variation may also function to define a portion of the first fluid vessel 127, such as a first channel 138. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7d, the first level fluid vessel 127 may be substantially fully defined within the space between the first and second layers 110 and 120 without an additional first channel 138 defined within the sheet. In this variation, flow of fluid may be substantially prevented from entering into the space between the first and second layers 110 and 210, resulting in the first layer no substantially following the shape of the second layer 210 (as shown in FIG. 7b). Alternatively, the attachment between the first and second layers 110 and 210 may include a fluid inlet that allows fluid from a reservoir or the ambient environment (such as air) to enter into the space between the first and second layers 110 and 210, allowing the first layer 110 to move with the second layer 210 without substantially following the shape of the second layer 210, as shown in FIG. 7d. This variation may alternatively thought of as including a passive displacement device 130 that allows fluid flow into and out of the space between the first and second layers 110 and 210 when there is a pressure difference between a reservoir and/or the ambient environment and the space between the first and second layers 110 and 210. However, any other suitable arrangement of the fluid flow between the first and second layers 110 and 210 of this fourth variation may be used.
In a fifth variation, as shown in FIG. 8, a portion of second layer 210 may function to define a second surface 215. The second surface 215 may be substantially planar to the surface 115, but may alternatively be on a substantially different plane. However, any other suitable combination of layers, substrates, and/or displacement devices may be used. The layer 110 in the above variations is preferably of an elastic material as described in U.S. applications Ser. Nos. 11/969,848 and 12/319,334. The substrate 120 is preferably also of the material as described in U.S. applications Ser. Nos. 11/969,848 and 12/319,334, but may alternatively be any other suitable type of material or combination of materials.
In the above variations, the sheet 102 may also include a support portion, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, that functions to support the surface 115 and to substantially prevent inward deformation of the surface 115. In particular, in the variation of the sheet 102 with a layer 110, the support portion functions to substantially prevent the layer 110 from depressing into the fluid vessel 127 and/or 227 and to provide a substantially flat surface for the user. The support portion preferably includes fluid outlets 116 that allow fluid to pass through to deform the particular region 113. The support portion may be integrated into the substrate 120 and/or substrate 220, or may alternatively be a support layer that is separate from both the substrate 120 and/or substrate 220 and the layer 110. In this variation, the support layer is preferably arranged in between the layer 110 and the substrate 120 and/or substrate 220. However, any other suitable type and arrangement of the support portion may be used.
In the above variations, the layer 110 is preferably attached to the substrate 120 (or support layer) at an attachment point 117 that at least partially defines the size and/or shape of the particular region 113. In other words, the attachment point 117 functions to define a border between a deformable particular region 113 of the surface 115 and the rest of the surface 115 and the size of the particular region 113 is substantially independent of the size of the cavity 124 and/or the channel 138. The attachment point 117 may be a series of continuous points that define an edge, but may alternatively be a series of non-continuous points. The attachment point 117 may be formed using, for example, adhesive, chemical bonding, welding, or any other suitable attachment material and/or method. The method and material used to form the attachment point 117 is preferably of a similar optical property as the layer 110 and the substrate 120, but may alternatively be of any other optical property. Other portions of the layer 110 and substrate 120 not corresponding to a particular region of the surface 113 may also be adhered using similar or identical materials and methods to the attachment point 117. Alternatively, the layer 110 and substrate 120 may be left unattached in other portions not corresponding to a particular region of the surface 113. However, the sheet 102 may be arranged in any other suitable manner.
The second layer 210, second substrate 220, second displacement device 130b, and second channel 238 are preferably of the same type as the layer 110, substrate 120, displacement device 130, and channel 138, respectively. The second substrate 220, the second layer 210, and the second displacement device 130b may, however, have different characteristics from the substrate 120, the layer 110, and the displacement device 130. For example, the second substrate 220 may be of a different elasticity from the substrate 120, the second layer 210 may be of a different material than the layer 110 (for example, one that is better suited to support the substrate 120), the second displacement device 130b may have different pressure ranges or displace a different range of fluid than the displacement device 130, and the second channel 238 may be of a different diameter than the channel 138. However, the second substrate 220, the second layer 210, and the second displacement device 130b may also be substantially different from the substrate 120, the layer 110, and the displacement device 130 respectively.
As described above and shown in FIG. 2, the displacement device 130 of the first preferred embodiment functions to manipulate the volumes of fluid within the first and second level fluid vessels 127 and 227 to deform a first and second particular region of the surface 113a and 113b. This first preferred embodiment is particularly useful in providing an increased density of deformed particular regions 113 to the user interface system 100. For example, the expandable regions of the first level fluid vessel 127 may have a limit to how close they may be to each other along the first level fluid vessel 127. By arranging a second level fluid vessel 227 that is substantially identical to the first level fluid vessel 127 at a level that is substantially different from the first level fluid vessel 127 and arranging the expandable regions of the second level fluid vessel 227 to be staggered with those of the first level fluid vessel 127, the density of the resulting deformed particular regions 113 may double. The second level fluid vessel 227 is preferably arranged at a level below the first level fluid vessel 127. In this variation of the first preferred embodiment, the second level fluid vessel 227 functions to deform a substantially thicker section of the sheet 102 to produce a deformed particular region 113b than the first level fluid vessel 127. The displacement device 130 may function to deform the deformable portion of the second level fluid vessel 227 to a higher degree than the first level fluid vessel 127 to result in a deformed particular region 113b that is substantially similar to the deformed particular region 113a. Alternatively, the portion of the sheet 102 directly above the deformable portion of the second level fluid vessel 227 may be of a material that is substantially more pliable than the portion of the sheet 102 directly above the deformable portion of the first level fluid vessel 127. However, any other suitable arrangement of the sheet 102 may be used.
As described above, the displacement device 130 of the second preferred embodiment functions to manipulate the volumes of fluid within the first and second level fluid vessels 127 and 227 to deform a particular region 113 of the surface to a first and second stage. In a first variation of the second preferred embodiment, the second stage of deformation may be different from the first stage of deformation in height; for example, the height of deformation is higher relative to the surface 115 in the second stage than in the first stage, as shown in FIGS. 3-6. In a second variation, as shown in FIG. 7, the width of the deformation is also different in the second stage; in particular, the width is wider in the second stage than in the first stage. Here, the second stage of deformation may be thought of as merging the individual expansions of the first stage of deformation, thus bridging the gap between two individually deformed particular regions of the surface 113. However, the second stage of deformation may be different from the first stage of deformation in any other suitable way. The displacement device may expand the first level cavity 125 (or any other suitable portion of the first level fluid vessel 127) first to achieve a first stage of deformation in the particular region 113 and then expand the second level cavity 225 (or any other suitable portion of the second level fluid vessel 227) to achieve a second stage of deformation of the particular region 113, but may alternatively expand the first level cavity 125 first to achieve the first stage of deformation and then expand the second level cavity 125 to achieve the second stage of deformation, as shown in FIGS. 4b, 4c and 7. Additional variation of deformation may be achieved by varying the volume of fluid that is displaced to the first and second level cavities 125 and 225 by the displacement device 130. However, any other suitable sequence of expansion may be used.
As shown in FIGS. 4a-4c, in the first variation of the second preferred embodiment as applied to the first variation of the sheet 102, the second level cavity 225 may be expanded to provide a first stage of deformation to the particular region 113. The expansion of the second level cavity 225 preferably deforms the substrate 120 internally, and the deformation of the substrate 120 preferably translates into a deformation of the bottom of the first level cavity 125 (shown in FIG. 4b). The volume of fluid contained within the first level cavity 125 is preferably substantially incompressible and of a constant volume, allowing deformation of the bottom of the first level cavity 125 to cause deformation of the layer 110 and deforming the particular region of the surface 113. The cumulative pressure necessary to deform the substrate 120 internally as well as deform the layer 110 (more specifically, the particular region 113) is preferably less than the pressure necessary to deform the bottom of the second level cavity 225 to allow the expansion of the second level cavity 225 to deform the particular region 113 and not to deform the bottom of the second level cavity 225. Additionally, the pressure necessary to deform the substrate 120 internally is preferably higher than the pressure provided by a user during use of the user interface system 100 to provide a surface 115 that feels flat to the user unless a cavity 125/225 is deformed. To achieve the second stage of deformation of the particular region 113, the first level cavity 125 is preferably expanded, providing additional deformation of the particular region 113 (shown in FIG. 4c). Similar to the pressure balance with regard to the expansion of the second level cavity 225, the pressure necessary to further deform the particular region 113 is preferably less than the cumulative pressure necessary to deform the bottom of the first level cavity 125, the substrate 120 internally, and the bottom of the second level cavity 225 to allow the expansion of the first level cavity 125 to further deform the particular region 113 and not to deform the bottom of the first level cavity 125. Alternatively, the first level fluid cavity 125 may be deformed to achieve the first stage of deformation and the second level fluid cavity 225 may be deformed to achieve the second stage of deformation. However, any other sequence in the first and second stage deformation may be used.
As shown in FIGS. 7a-7d, in the second variation of the second preferred embodiment as applied to the fourth variation of the sheet 102, the second level cavity 225 may be expanded to deform both the first and second layers 110 and 210 to achieve the first stage of deformation. To achieve the second stage of deformation of the particular region 113, the first level cavity 125 is preferably expanded, providing additional deformation of the particular region 113. In the variation as shown in FIG. 7c, the additional deformation of the particular regions 113 results in a larger deformation of a particular region 113a. Similar to the pressure balance as described above, the pressure necessary to further deform the particular region 113a is preferably less than the cumulative pressure necessary to deform the bottom of the first level cavity 125 (in other words, the second layer no) and the bottom of the second level cavity 225 to allow the expansion of the first level cavity to further deform the particular region 113a and not to deform the bottom of the first level cavity 125.
The second level fluid vessel 227 may be arranged substantially underneath the first level fluid vessel 127. In this variation, the distance in height along the sheet 102 between the top of the second level fluid vessel 227 and the bottom of the first level fluid vessel 127 is preferably determined by the desired pressure necessary to deform the particular region 113 to the first stage by the expansion of the second level fluid vessel 227 and the desired resistance to deformation from the expansion of the first level fluid vessel 127 to achieve the second stage of deformation. However, the distance in height may be determined using any other suitable means.
As shown in FIGS. 3-6, the number of deformable portions of the first level fluid vessel 127 (for example, first level cavities 125) is preferably equal to the number of deformable portions of the second level fluid vessel 227 (for example, second level cavities 225). More specifically, there is preferably one second level cavity 225 that is substantially adjacent (for example, directly above or diagonally above) to each first level cavity 125. However, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the number of first and second level cavities 125 and 225 may be different. For example, as shown in FIGS. 7a-7c, there may be two second level cavities 225 for each first level cavity 125. As shown in FIG. 7b, as each of the second level cavities 225 is expanded, the corresponding particular regions 113 are deformed, achieving a first stage of deformation. The first level cavity 125 is then expanded to achieve a second level of deformation of a larger particular region 113a. In the variation as shown in FIG. 7, the second level cavities 225 are preferably placed symmetrically relative to the first level cavity 125, and both second level cavities 225 are preferably expanded prior to the expansion of the first level cavity 125 to achieve a substantially level second stage deformation of the particular region 113a. Alternatively, only one of the second level cavities 225 may be expanded prior to expansion of the first level cavity 125 if a non-level deformation of the particular region 113a is desired. Yet alternatively, only the first level cavity 125 may be expanded. However, any other suitable arrangement of expansions of first and second level cavities 125 and 225 may be used. In this variation, as mentioned above, the second level of deformation preferably varies from the first level of deformation in both height and width. In the variation as shown in FIGS. 7b and 7c, the total width of the second stage of deformation of the particular region 113a spans the distance between the two second level cavities 225 while the first stage of deformation of the particular region 113 is of a width substantially similar to the width of each first level cavity 125. However, the first and second stages of deformation of the particular region 113 in this variation may differ in any other suitable way. In a second example, as shown in FIG. 8, the user interface system may include a second layer 210 that functions to define a second surface 215 and to partially define an additional second level cavity 225. The second surface 215 is preferably substantially adjacent to the surface 115, and preferably substantially planar to the surface 115, but may alternatively be of any suitable arrangement relative to the surface 115. The additional second level cavity 225 may function to deform a second particular region 213 on the second surface 215. This arrangement provides the user interface system 100 with a particular region 113 capable of two stages of deformation and a second particular region 213 capable of one stage of deformation. Similarly, additional variation in deformation of the particular region 113 and the second particular region 213 may be achieved by varying the volume of fluid displaced to the cavities by the displacement device 130.
The user interface system 100 is preferably one of the embodiments and variations as described above. However, the user interface system 100 may be a combination of any of the above embodiments and variations. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the first and second embodiments may be combined. In the central portion of the sheet 102, the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 may cooperate to deform a particular region 113 into a first and second stage. In the left and right regions of the sheet 102, the first and second fluid vessels 127 and 227 may cooperate to increase the density of the deformable particular regions 113 of the surface. However, any other suitable combination of the above embodiments and variations as described above may be used. Similarly, any other suitable arrangement of a first level fluid vessel 127 located at a first level within the sheet 102 and a second level fluid vessel 227 located at a second level within the sheet 102 may be used.
As a person skilled in the art will recognize from the previous detailed description and from the figures and claims, modifications and changes can be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of this invention defined in the following claims.
